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Mechi D, Baccouri B, Martín-Vertedor D, Abaza L. Bioavailability of Phenolic Compounds in Californian-Style Table Olives with Tunisian Aqueous Olive Leaf Extracts. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020707. [PMID: 36677765 PMCID: PMC9866685 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in biotechnology have ensured that one of the main olive tree by-products is olive leaf extract (OLE), a rich source in bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to study the phenolic composition in different OLEs of three Tunisian varieties, namely, 'Sayali', 'Tkobri', and 'Neb Jmel'. The in vitro biodigestibility effect after 'Sayali' OLE addition to Californian-style 'Hojiblanca' table olives was also studied. This OLE contained bioactive molecules such as hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, oleropeine, Procianidine B1 (PB1), and p-cumaric acid. These compounds were also found in fresh olives after OLE was added. Furthermore, from fresh extract to oral digestion, the detected amount of bioavailable phenol was higher; however, its content decreased according to each phase of gastric and intestinal digestion. In the final digestion phase, the number of phenols found was lower than that of fresh olives. In addition, the phenolic content of Californian-style 'Hojiblanca' table olives decreased during the in vitro digestion process. The antioxidant activity of this variety decreased by 64% and 88% after gastrointestinal digestion, being the highest antioxidant capacity found in both simulated gastric and intestinal fluid, respectively. The results show us that the 'Sayali' variety is rich in phenolic compounds that are bioavailable after digestion, which could be used at an industrial level due to the related health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalel Mechi
- Laboratory of Olive Biotechnology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
- Department of Biology, The Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Bechir Baccouri
- Laboratory of Olive Biotechnology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Daniel Martín-Vertedor
- Technological Institute of Food and Agriculture (CICYTEX-INTAEX), Junta of Extremadura, 06007 Badajoz, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-924-012-664
| | - Leila Abaza
- Laboratory of Olive Biotechnology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
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2
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Ben-Amor I, Gargouri B, Attia H, Tlili K, Kallel I, Musarra-Pizzo M, Sciortino MT, Pennisi R. In Vitro Anti-Epstein Barr Virus Activity of Olea europaea L. Leaf Extracts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112445. [PMID: 34834807 PMCID: PMC8622071 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Olea europaea L. var. sativa (OESA) preparations are widely used in traditional medicine in the Mediterranean region to prevent and treat different diseases. In this research, olive extracts derived from the leaves of the OESA tree have been screened for antioxidant activity by two methods: the DPPH free radical scavenging assay (DPPH) and the Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The DPPH assay showed that OESA possesses a stronger antioxidant activity (84%) at 1 mg/mL while the FRAP method showed a strong metal ion chelating activity (90%) at 1 mg/mL. The low IC50 values, obtained by two different methods, implies that OESA has a noticeable effect on scavenging free radicals comparable to standards. During EBV infection, the free radicals increased triggering lipid oxidation. Therefore, the monitoring of the secondary lipid peroxidation products was done by measuring malonaldehyde (MDA) and conjugated dienes (DC). The simultaneous treatment of Raji cells with OESA and TPA, as an inductorof the lytic cycle, generated a significant decrease in MDA levels and DC (p < 0.05). Besides, Raji cells simultaneously exposed to TPA and OESA exhibited a percentage of EBV-positive fluorescence cells lower than TPA treated cells (**** p < 0.0001). This suggests that OESA treatment has a protective effect against EBV lytic cycle induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichrak Ben-Amor
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (I.B.-A.); (M.M.-P.); (M.T.S.)
- Unit of Biotechnology and Pathologies, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia; (B.G.); (H.A.); (K.T.)
| | - Bochra Gargouri
- Unit of Biotechnology and Pathologies, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia; (B.G.); (H.A.); (K.T.)
| | - Hamadi Attia
- Unit of Biotechnology and Pathologies, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia; (B.G.); (H.A.); (K.T.)
| | - Khaoula Tlili
- Unit of Biotechnology and Pathologies, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia; (B.G.); (H.A.); (K.T.)
| | - Imen Kallel
- Laboratoire de Recherche Toxicologie-Microbiologie Environnementale et Santé, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
| | - Maria Musarra-Pizzo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (I.B.-A.); (M.M.-P.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Maria Teresa Sciortino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (I.B.-A.); (M.M.-P.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Rosamaria Pennisi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (I.B.-A.); (M.M.-P.); (M.T.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Vidičević S, Tošić J, Stanojević Ž, Isaković A, Mitić D, Ristić D, Dekanski D. Standardized Olea europaea L. leaf extract exhibits protective activity in carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in rats: the insight into potential mechanisms. Arch Physiol Biochem 2020; 126:399-407. [PMID: 30632811 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1550095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The protective activity of dry olive leaf extract (DOLE) in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage and possible mechanisms involved in this protection were investigated in rats. Acute CCl4 intoxication resulted in a massive hepatic necrosis, in increased serum transaminases, and in a perturbation of oxidative stress parameters in liver tissue [malondyaldehide, glutathione (GSH), catalase]. CCl4 did not affect the expression of caspase-3 and cytochrome c as markers of apoptosis; however, CCl4 increased the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and the expression of autophagy-related protein LC3II and decreased the expression of p62 protein. The pre-treatment with DOLE significantly improved serum markers of liver damage, liver catalase activity, and GSH concentration, suggesting that antioxidative mechanism is responsible for hepatoprotection. Oral administration of DOLE did not influence LC3II conversion and p62 degradation in liver, but AMPK activity was significantly decreased, suggesting the energy balance perturbation as an additional potential mechanism of DOLE hepatoprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sašenka Vidičević
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Tošić
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Željka Stanojević
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Isaković
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Mitić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušica Ristić
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Dekanski
- Biomedical Research, R&D Institute, Galenika a.d., Belgrade, Serbia
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Proshkina E, Shaposhnikov M, Moskalev A. Genome-Protecting Compounds as Potential Geroprotectors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4484. [PMID: 32599754 PMCID: PMC7350017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout life, organisms are exposed to various exogenous and endogenous factors that cause DNA damages and somatic mutations provoking genomic instability. At a young age, compensatory mechanisms of genome protection are activated to prevent phenotypic and functional changes. However, the increasing stress and age-related deterioration in the functioning of these mechanisms result in damage accumulation, overcoming the functional threshold. This leads to aging and the development of age-related diseases. There are several ways to counteract these changes: 1) prevention of DNA damage through stimulation of antioxidant and detoxification systems, as well as transition metal chelation; 2) regulation of DNA methylation, chromatin structure, non-coding RNA activity and prevention of nuclear architecture alterations; 3) improving DNA damage response and repair; 4) selective removal of damaged non-functional and senescent cells. In the article, we have reviewed data about the effects of various trace elements, vitamins, polyphenols, terpenes, and other phytochemicals, as well as a number of synthetic pharmacological substances in these ways. Most of the compounds demonstrate the geroprotective potential and increase the lifespan in model organisms. However, their genome-protecting effects are non-selective and often are conditioned by hormesis. Consequently, the development of selective drugs targeting genome protection is an advanced direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Proshkina
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikhail Shaposhnikov
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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5
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Klinova SV, Minigalieva IA, Privalova LI, Valamina IE, Makeyev OH, Shuman EA, Korotkov AA, Panov VG, Sutunkova MP, Ryabova JV, Bushueva TV, Shtin TN, Gurvich VB, Katsnelson BA. Further verification of some postulates of the combined toxicity theory: New animal experimental data on separate and joint adverse effects of lead and cadmium. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 136:110971. [PMID: 31751644 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Outbred male rats were repeatedly injected intraperitoneally two-level sub-lethal doses of lead acetate and/or cadmium chloride solutions 3 times a week during 6 weeks. The animals developed explicit, even if moderate, subchronic intoxication characterized by a large number of indices, both common to both metals (including increased DNA fragmentation coefficient) and lead-specific. Special attention was paid to hemodynamic and electrocardiographic effects. The combined action of lead and cadmium was modeled with the help of the Response Surface Methodology to obtain additional support for the previously substantiated postulates of combined toxicity's typological ambiguity. This is dependent on which particular effect comes under consideration, on its level, and on the acting dose ratio. For one and the same toxic combination, the type of combined toxic action can vary from synergistic to contra-directional. In particular, the actions of lead and cadmium on blood pressure were found to be opposite in direction. Furthermore, it is shown once again that the systemic toxic effects of a metal combination, its in vivo genotoxicity included, can be more or less attenuated by background administration of a theoretically justified composition of biologically active agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V Klinova
- The Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov Str, Ekaterinburg, 620014, Russia
| | - Ilzira A Minigalieva
- The Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov Str, Ekaterinburg, 620014, Russia
| | - Larisa I Privalova
- The Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov Str, Ekaterinburg, 620014, Russia
| | - Irene E Valamina
- The Central Research Laboratory, The Ural State Medical University, 17 Klyuchevskaya Str, Ekaterinburg, 620109, Russia
| | - Oleg H Makeyev
- The Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, 19 Mira Str, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - Eugene A Shuman
- The Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, 19 Mira Str, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - Artem A Korotkov
- The Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, 19 Mira Str, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Panov
- Institute of Industrial Ecology, The Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 20 Sofia Kovalevskaya Str, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia
| | - Marina P Sutunkova
- The Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov Str, Ekaterinburg, 620014, Russia
| | - Julia V Ryabova
- The Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov Str, Ekaterinburg, 620014, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Bushueva
- The Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov Str, Ekaterinburg, 620014, Russia
| | - Tatiana N Shtin
- The Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov Str, Ekaterinburg, 620014, Russia
| | - Vladimir B Gurvich
- The Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov Str, Ekaterinburg, 620014, Russia
| | - Boris A Katsnelson
- The Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov Str, Ekaterinburg, 620014, Russia.
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6
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Mu Y, Yu J, Ji W, Chen L, Wang X, Yan B. Alleviation of Pb 2+ pollution-induced oxidative stress and toxicity in microglial cells and zebrafish larvae by chicoric acid. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:396-402. [PMID: 31108416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pb2+ pollution and poisoning are serious environmental and pharmacological concerns. The World Health Organization reported that Pb has resulted in 540,000 deaths in 2016 alone. Therefore, effective drugs or supplements that can alleviate or offset Pb2+-induced toxicity are badly needed. Through screening biocompatible natural compounds, we discovered that chicoric acid exhibited potent protective activities against Pb2+-induced toxicity both in BV-2 microglial cells and in zebrafish from the first days of development. Chicoric acid was able to reduce Pb2+-induced increases in levels of reactive oxygen species and tumor necrosis factor alpha, restoring the cell cycle in BV-2 cells. In the zebrafish model, chicoric acid significantly alleviated the Pb2+-induced serious mortality and malformation of zebrafish larvae in a concentration-dependent manner. These protective activities of chicoric acid were mainly from its alleviation of Pb2+-induced dysregulation of oxidative response pathways, including key genes such as Aox1, Gclm, Hmox1, Nqo1, Scd1, and Srxn1, as well as HO-1 protein. Since Pb2+ is difficult to be completely eliminated from the body and chelating agents may cause serious adverse effects, chicoric acid is likely a potential supplement therapy, in addition to current clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Mu
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Jinqian Yu
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Wenhua Ji
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Long Chen
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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7
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Topalović D, Dekanski D, Spremo-Potparević B, Pirković A, Borozan S, Bajić V, Stojanović D, Giampieri F, Gasparrini M, Živković L. Dry olive leaf extract attenuates DNA damage induced by estradiol and diethylstilbestrol in human peripheral blood cells in vitro. Mutat Res 2018; 845:402993. [PMID: 31561897 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic groups of steroidal or nonsteroidal estrogens can redox cycle, leading to oxidative stress, where creation of reactive oxygen species are recognized as the main mechanism of their DNA damage properties. Dry olive (Olea europaea L.) leaf extract is known to contain bioactive and antioxidative components and to have an ability to modulate the effects of various oxidants in cells. The main goal of this study was to investigate antigenotoxic potential of a standardized dry olive leaf extract on DNA damage induced by 17β-estradiol and diethylstilbestrol in human whole blood cells in vitro, using comet assay. Our results indicated that both hormones showed a genotoxic effect at a concentration of 100 μM (P < 0.05, n = 6). Dry olive leaf extract was efficient in reducing number of cells with estrogen-induced DNA damage at tested concentrations (0.125, 0.5 and 1 mg/mL) (P < 0.05, n = 6) and under two experimental protocols, pre-treatment and post-treatment, exhibiting antigenotoxic properties. Analysis of antioxidant properties of the extract revealed moderate ABTS radical scavenging properties and reducing power. Overall, our results suggested that the protective potential of dry olive leaf extract could arise from the synergistic effect of its scavenging activity and enhancement of the cells' antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijana Topalović
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dragana Dekanski
- Biomedical Research, R&D Institute, Galenika a.d., Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Biljana Spremo-Potparević
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Andrea Pirković
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Sunčica Borozan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Vladan Bajić
- The Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Nuclear Research "Vinča", University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Danilo Stojanović
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Gasparrini
- Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Lada Živković
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Ivanov M, Vajic UJ, Mihailovic-Stanojevic N, Miloradovic Z, Jovovic D, Grujic-Milanovic J, Karanovic D, Dekanski D. Highly potent antioxidant Olea europaea L. leaf extract affects carotid and renal haemodynamics in experimental hypertension: The role of oleuropein. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:29-44. [PMID: 29383017 PMCID: PMC5780626 DOI: 10.17179/excli2017-1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Haemodynamic alterations in carotid and renal arteries are associated with the severity of target organ damage in patients with hypertension. Dietary habits, such as the Mediterranean diet, regulate blood pressure and oxidative stress, thus reduce the mortality rate due to cardiovascular diseases. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the reducing activity, antioxidant capacity and metal chelating ability of standardized Olea europaea L. leaf extract (OLE), and to test its (5, 25, 50 mg/kg) acute in vivo effects, as well as oleuropein's (OP, 10 mg/kg) on oxidative stress, carotid, renal and systemic haemodynamic parameters (blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, peripheral resistance) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). OLE has a higher antioxidative capacity than BHT, higher reducing ability than vitamin C, and 23 times lower capacity for metal ion chelation than EDTA. All three doses of OLE, and OP, improved oxidative stress in SHR. OLE5 improved carotid and renal haemodynamics, without significant effects on systemic haemodynamics. Two different mechanisms of antihypertensive responses to OLE were observed, OLE25 was most effective in reducing cardiovascular risks by improving systemic and regional (carotid and renal) haemodynamics, peripheral and regional vascular resistance. OLE50 causes the improvement of blood pressure and cardiac performances, but tends to retain elevated vascular resistance, therefore, reducing the inflow of blood into the brain and kidneys of the SHR. The OP did not alter systemic or regional haemodynamics, suggesting others constituents responsible for changes of cardiac function, as well as carotid and renal haemodynamics in response to OLE50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Ivanov
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, P. O. Box 102, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Una-Jovana Vajic
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, P. O. Box 102, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Mihailovic-Stanojevic
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, P. O. Box 102, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Miloradovic
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, P. O. Box 102, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djurdjica Jovovic
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, P. O. Box 102, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelica Grujic-Milanovic
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, P. O. Box 102, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Karanovic
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, P. O. Box 102, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Dekanski
- Biomedical Research, R & D Institute, Galenika a.d., Pasterova 2, Belgrade, Serbia
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