1
|
Bhatt D, Vyas K, Singh S, John PJ, Soni IP. Sunset Yellow induced biochemical and histopathological alterations in rat brain sub-regions. Acta Histochem 2024; 126:152155. [PMID: 38489857 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2024.152155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Sunset Yellow, a synthetic orange azo food dye was examined in this study for its impact on the Wistar rat brain sub-regions. The dye was administered orally to weanling rats at the Acceptable Daily Intake level (4 mg/kg/bw) for 40 days, and brain sub-regions viz., frontal cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus were examined for biochemical and histopathological changes. The results showed a significant decrease in tissue protein levels, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity, as well as a significant increase in lipid peroxide levels in all brain sub-regions. Glutathione-S-transferase and Glutathione Reductase activities decreased, while Glutathione peroxidase activity increased. The biogenic amine levels and Acetylcholinesterase activity were also altered, with the frontal cortex and hippocampus being the most affected. Additionally, the dye caused histopathological damage in all brain sub-regions examined. This study indicates that the ADI level of Sunset Yellow may adversely affect brain tissue by causing oxidative damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Bhatt
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India.
| | - Krati Vyas
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
| | - Shakuntala Singh
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
| | - P J John
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
| | - I P Soni
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Karaman M. Biochemical and molecular assessment of oxidative stress in fruit fly exposed to azo dye Brilliant Black PN. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:150. [PMID: 38236489 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09108-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Azo dyes are widely used in the food industry to prevent color loss during processing and storage of products. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a diazo dye Brilliant Black PN (E151) on oxidative stress-related parameters in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) at biochemical and molecular levels. METHODS AND RESULTS Third instar larvae were transferred to a medium containing the dye at different doses (1, 2.5, and 5 mg/mL). Gene expression and activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymes were determined in the heads of adult flies obtained from these larvae. In addition, the glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde levels were measured using spectrophotometric analysis. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number was also detected by real-time PCR. The results showed that treatment with 5 mg/mL of the dye caused a decrease in both gene expression and enzyme activity of CAT and GPx. Moreover, the same dose of dye treatment decreased AChE activity, GSH level, and mtDNA copy number. CONCLUSIONS As a result, Brilliant Black PN dye can trigger toxicity by altering the level and activity of oxidative stress-related biomarkers in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, more comprehensive studies are needed to elucidate the side effect mechanism and toxicity of this dye.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melike Karaman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Biswas P, Jain J, Hasan W, Bose D, Yadav RS. Azo food dye neurotoxicity in rats: A neurobehavioral, biochemical, and histopathological study. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 181:114067. [PMID: 37813177 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Azo Food dyes (AFDs), which are widely used in the food industry, may be associated with adverse health effects. We have investigated the effects of the AFDs metanil yellow (MY), malachite green (MG), and sudan III (SIII) on cognitive impairment, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuro-enzyme activities, and histopathology in rats. Rats treated with MY (430 mg/kg), MG (13.75 mg/kg), SIII (250 mg/kg), and a mixture (MY 143.33 + MG 4.52 + SIII 83.33 mg/kg) p.o. for 60 d showed significant learning and memory impairments. Significant biochemical changes were observed in the rat frontal cortex and hippocampus: increases in lipid peroxidation and the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE); decreases in the level of reduced glutathione and the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and mitochondrial complexes I and II. Histological damage to brain neurons accompanied the learning and memory impairments and was linked with other biochemical and neurochemical alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pronit Biswas
- School of Forensic Science, National Forensic Sciences University (An Institution of National Importance), Delhi, 110085, India; Department of Criminology & Forensic Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, 470003, MP, India
| | - Juli Jain
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, 470003, MP, India
| | - Whidul Hasan
- Department of Neurobiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Brookline, Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Devasish Bose
- Department of Criminology & Forensic Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, 470003, MP, India
| | - Rajesh Singh Yadav
- School of Forensic Science, National Forensic Sciences University (An Institution of National Importance), Bhopal, 462030, MP, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Barciela P, Perez-Vazquez A, Prieto MA. Azo dyes in the food industry: Features, classification, toxicity, alternatives, and regulation. Food Chem Toxicol 2023:113935. [PMID: 37429408 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Azo dyes, including Tartrazine, Sunset Yellow, and Carmoisine, are added to foods to provide color, but they have no value with regard to nutrition, food preservation, or health benefits. Because of their availability, affordability, stability, and low cost, and because they provide intense coloration to the product without contributing unwanted flavors, the food industry often prefers to use synthetic azo dyes rather than natural colorants. Food dyes have been tested by regulatory agencies responsible for guaranteeing consumer safety. Nevertheless, the safety of these colorants remains controversial; they have been associated with adverse effects, particularly due to the reduction and cleavage of the azo bond. Here, we review the features, classification, regulation, toxicity, and alternatives to the use of azo dyes in food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Barciela
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, E32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - A Perez-Vazquez
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, E32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - M A Prieto
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, E32004, Ourense, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Song Z, Song R, Liu Y, Wu Z, Zhang X. Effects of ultra-processed foods on the microbiota-gut-brain axis: The bread-and-butter issue. Food Res Int 2023; 167:112730. [PMID: 37087282 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The topic of gut microbiota and the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis has become the forefront of research and reports in the past few years. The gut microbiota is a dynamic interface between the environment, food, and the host, reflecting the health status as well as maintaining normal physiological metabolism. Modern ultra-processed foods (UPF) contain large quantities of saturated and trans fat, added sugar, salt, and food additives that seriously affect the gut and physical health. In addition, these unhealthy components directly cause changes in gut microbiota functions and microbial metabolism, subsequently having the potential to impact the neural network. This paper reviews an overview of the link between UPF ingredients and the MGB axis. Considerable studies have examined that high intake of trans fat, added sugar and salt have deleterious effects on gut and brain functions, but relatively less focus has been placed on the impact of food additives on the MGB axis. Data from several studies suggest that food additives might be linked to metabolic diseases and inflammation. They may also alter the gut microbiota composition and microbial metabolites, which potentially affect cognition and behavior. Therefore, we emphasize that food additives including emulsifiers, artificial sweeteners, colorants, and preservatives interact with the gut microbiota and their possible effects on altering the brain and behavior based on the latest research. Future studies should further investigate whether gut dysbiosis mediates the effect of UPF on brain diseases and behavior. This thesis here sheds new light on future research pointing to the potentially detrimental effects of processed food consumption on brain health.
Collapse
|
6
|
Monisha B, Sridharan R, Kumar PS, Rangasamy G, Krishnaswamy VG, Subhashree S. Sensing of azo toxic dyes using nanomaterials and its health effects - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137614. [PMID: 36565768 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Development of science has taken over our lives and made it mandatory to live with science. Synthetic technology takes more than it has given for our welfare. In the process of meeting the demand of the consumers, industries supported synthetic products to meet the same. One such sector that employs synthetic azo dyes for food coloring is the food industry. The result of the process is the production of a variety of colored foods which looks more appealing and palatable. The process not only meets the consumer's demand it also has an impact on customers' health because the consumption of azo-toxic dye-treated foods regularly or in direct contact with synthetic azo dyes can also cause severe human health consequences. Nanotechnology is a rapidly evolving branch of research in which nanosensors are being developed for a variety of applications, including sensing various azo-toxic dyes in food products, which provides a wider scope in the future, with the innovation in designing different nanosensors. The current review focuses on the different types of nanosensors, their key role in sensing, and the sensing of azo toxic dyes using nanosensors, their advantages over other sensors, applications of nanomaterials, and the health impacts of azo dyes on humans, appropriate parameters for maximum permissible limits, and an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of azo toxic dye to be followed. The regulations followed on the application of colorants to the food are also elaborated. The review also focuses on the application of enzyme-based biosensors in detecting azo dyes in food products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Monisha
- Department of Biotechnology, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Rajalakshmi Sridharan
- Department of Biotechnology, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India.
| | - Veena Gayathri Krishnaswamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, India.
| | - S Subhashree
- Department of Food Processing and Quality Control, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Essawy AE, Mohamed AI, Ali RG, Ali AM, Abdou HM. Analysis of Melatonin-Modulating Effects Against Tartrazine-Induced Neurotoxicity in Male Rats: Biochemical, Pathological and Immunohistochemical Markers. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:131-141. [PMID: 36018437 PMCID: PMC9823072 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03723-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Tartrazine (E-102) is one of the most widely used artificial food azo-colors that can be metabolized to highly sensitizing aromatic amines such as sulphanilic acid. These metabolites are oxidized to N-hydroxy derivatives that cause neurotoxicity. Melatonin is a neurohormone. That possesses a free-radical scavenging effect. The present work was mainly designed to evaluate the possible ameliorative role of melatonin against tartrazine induced neurotoxicity in cerebral cortex and cerebellum of male rats. Adult male rats were administered orally with tartrazine (7.5 mg/kg) with or without melatonin (10 mg/kg) daily for four weeks. The data revealed that tartrazine induced redox disruptions as measured by significant (p < 0.05) increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level and inhibition of (GSH) concentration and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) antioxidant enzyme activities. Besides, brain acetyl cholin (Ach) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were elevated while, dopamine (DA) was depleted in trtrazine -treated rats. Moreover, tartrazine caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the brain interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1 β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). At the tissue level, tartrazine caused severe histopathological changes in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex of rats. The immunohistochemical results elucidated strong positive expression for Caspase-3 and GFAP and weak immune reaction for BcL2 and synaptophysin in tatrazine- treated rats. The administration of melatonin to tartrazine -administered rats remarkably alleviated all the aforementioned tartrzine-induced effects. It could be concluded that, melatonin has a potent ameliorative effect against tartrazine induced neurotoxicity via the attenuation of oxidative/antioxidative responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amina E Essawy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Rania Gaber Ali
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Awatef M Ali
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Heba Mohamed Abdou
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pliuta K, Snigur D. Determination of Allura Red AC with a β‐Cyclodextrin‐Modified Carbon Paste Electrode. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Pliuta
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy Odessa I.I. Mechnikov National University Odessa 65082 Ukraine
| | - Denys Snigur
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy Odessa I.I. Mechnikov National University Odessa 65082 Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fan X, Li X, Du L, Li J, Xu J, Shi Z, Li C, Tu M, Zeng X, Wu Z, Pan D. The effect of natural plant-based homogenates as additives on the quality of yogurt: A review. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
10
|
Pliuta K, Snigur D. Carbon-paste electrode modified by β-cyclodextrin as sensor for voltammetric determination of Tartrazine and Carmoisine from one drop. ANAL SCI 2022; 38:1377-1384. [PMID: 35932413 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00170-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
For food quality control methods, low cost, speed, and simplicity are essential. Electrochemical methods can satisfy all of these requirements. In this paper, we propose a fast and simple voltammetric method using a carbon-paste electrode modified with β-cyclodestrin for the determination of two common food azo dyes: Tartrazine and Carmoisine. To reduce the amount of sample required for analysis, in this work, we explored the prospect of another methodology similar to adsorption stripping voltammetry. The redox behavior of dyes, the influence of pH and scan rate on oxidation currents were investigated. Based on the results the scheme of oxidation of azo dyes was proposed. The use of the proposed approach in combination with the developed sensor makes it possible to determine Tartrazine and Carmoisine within their concentrations of 314-5024 ng/mL and 167-5340 ng/mL with calculation LOD 101 ng/mL and 60 ng/mL respectively. The proposed sensor was tested during analysis of model solutions and soft drinks and showed good results with high reproducibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Pliuta
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Odessa I.I. Mechnikov National University, Odessa, 65082, Ukraine
| | - Denys Snigur
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Odessa I.I. Mechnikov National University, Odessa, 65082, Ukraine.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu J, Pu C, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang M, Shao H, Yin C, Zhang Y. Stability evaluation of gardenia yellow pigment in the presence of different antioxidants or microencapsulating agents. J Food Sci 2022; 87:3036-3047. [PMID: 35674470 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The chemical instability of gardenia yellow pigment (GYP) limits its utilization in the food industry. In this study, the effects of different antioxidants (0.2% of tea polyphenols, sodium phytate, potassium citrate, and ascorbic acid) and microencapsulating agents (gum Arabic, maltodextrin, inulin, and gum Arabic/maltodextrin) on the degradation of GYP under different conditions (heat, light, and ferric iron) were evaluated. Then, the characteristic properties of microcapsules coated with gum Arabic/maltodextrin, gum Arabic/maltodextrin/tea polyphenols, maltodextrin, and maltodextrin/tea polyphenols were investigated. Furthermore, food models were simulated to evaluate the GYP stability of the microcapsules. The results showed that tea polyphenols, maltodextrin, and gum Arabic/maltodextrin significantly improved the GYP stability. Moreover, the presence of GYP in microcapsules was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In addition, GYP-MD/TP possessed high thermal stability under different cooking methods. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Gardenia yellow pigment (GYP) is easily degraded under light and high-temperature conditions, which limits its applications in the food industry. This study will provide effective clues for expanding the practical applications of GYP in the natural pigment industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Rd, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Cui Pu
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Rd, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Yingjia Zhang
- Hefei No.45 middle school, 103 Tongcheng Rd, Hefei, Anhui, 230061, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Rd, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | | | - Heyi Shao
- Hefei No.45 middle school, 103 Tongcheng Rd, Hefei, Anhui, 230061, China
| | - Caiping Yin
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Rd, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Yinglao Zhang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Rd, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Miller MD, Steinmaus C, Golub MS, Castorina R, Thilakartne R, Bradman A, Marty MA. Potential impacts of synthetic food dyes on activity and attention in children: a review of the human and animal evidence. Environ Health 2022; 21:45. [PMID: 35484553 PMCID: PMC9052604 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00849-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Concern that synthetic food dyes may impact behavior in children prompted a review by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA). OEHHA conducted a systematic review of the epidemiologic research on synthetic food dyes and neurobehavioral outcomes in children with or without identified behavioral disorders (particularly attention and activity). We also conducted a search of the animal toxicology literature to identify studies of neurobehavioral effects in laboratory animals exposed to synthetic food dyes. Finally, we conducted a hazard characterization of the potential neurobehavioral impacts of food dye consumption. We identified 27 clinical trials of children exposed to synthetic food dyes in this review, of which 25 were challenge studies. All studies used a cross-over design and most were double blinded and the cross-over design was randomized. Sixteen (64%) out of 25 challenge studies identified some evidence of a positive association, and in 13 (52%) the association was statistically significant. These studies support a relationship between food dye exposure and adverse behavioral outcomes in children. Animal toxicology literature provides additional support for effects on behavior. Together, the human clinical trials and animal toxicology literature support an association between synthetic food dyes and behavioral impacts in children. The current Food and Drug Administration (FDA) acceptable daily intakes are based on older studies that were not designed to assess the types of behavioral effects observed in children. For four dyes where adequate dose-response data from animal and human studies were available, comparisons of the effective doses in studies that measured behavioral or brain effects following exposure to synthetic food dyes indicate that the basis of the ADIs may not be adequate to protect neurobehavior in susceptible children. There is a need to re-evaluate exposure in children and for additional research to provide a more complete database for establishing ADIs protective of neurobehavioral effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Miller
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, 1515 Clay St, Oakland CA, and 1001 I St, Sacramento, California, USA.
| | - Craig Steinmaus
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, 1515 Clay St, Oakland CA, and 1001 I St, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Mari S Golub
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, 1515 Clay St, Oakland CA, and 1001 I St, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Rosemary Castorina
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of California, 2121 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Ruwan Thilakartne
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of California, 2121 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Asa Bradman
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of California, 2121 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Public Health, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, University of California, Merced, 5200 N Lake Road, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Melanie A Marty
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, 1515 Clay St, Oakland CA, and 1001 I St, Sacramento, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Karimi F, Anari H, Yousefi Nejad A, Karbalay-Doust S, Naseh M. Post-weaning exposure to Sunset Yellow FCF induces behavioral impairment and structural changes in the adult rat medial prefrontal cortex: protective effects of Coenzyme Q10. Int J Dev Neurosci 2022; 82:303-313. [PMID: 35293019 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Sunset Yellow FCF (E110) is a water soluble synthetic dye that has adverse neurobehavioral effects. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is known as a neuroprotective agent. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of post-weaning exposure to Sunset Yellow FCF on behavioral and structural changes in the adult rat medial prefrontal cortex and the protective effects of CoQ10. The weanling rats were randomly divided into six groups: distilled water, CoQ10 (10 mg/kg/day), and low (2.5 mg/kg/day), and high (70 mg/kg/day) doses of Sunset Yellow FCF with or without CoQ10 consumption for six weeks. A battery of behavioral tests including open field and Morris water maze tests were done at the end of the 6th week, and then the animals' brains were removed for stereological methods. Our finding indicated that the high dose of Sunset Yellow FCF led to a reduced total volume of mPFC (15.16%), especially in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) region (21.96%), along with loss of neurons (32%) and glial cells (37%), which was associated with higher anxiety behavior and loss in spatial memory. However, CoQ10 prevented the neural loss and glial cells, improved anxiety like behaviors and memory impairment. On the other hand, the acceptable daily dose (low dose of Sunset Yellow FCF) did not show a discernible effect on the same parameters. This study showed that the CoQ10 can protect the alteration in mPFC structure and behavioral changes of the rats exposed to high dose of Sunset Yellow FCF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Karimi
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamideh Anari
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Yousefi Nejad
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saied Karbalay-Doust
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Naseh
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Novais C, Molina AK, Abreu RMV, Santo-Buelga C, Ferreira ICFR, Pereira C, Barros L. Natural Food Colorants and Preservatives: A Review, a Demand, and a Challenge. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2789-2805. [PMID: 35201759 PMCID: PMC9776543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The looming urgency of feeding the growing world population along with the increasing consumers' awareness and expectations have driven the evolution of food production systems and the processes and products applied in the food industry. Although substantial progress has been made on food additives, the controversy in which some of them are still shrouded has encouraged research on safer and healthier next generations. These additives can come from natural sources and confer numerous benefits for health, beyond serving the purpose of coloring or preserving, among others. As limiting factors, these additives are often related to stability, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness issues, which justify the need for innovative solutions. In this context, and with the advances witnessed in computers and computational methodologies for in silico experimental aid, the development of new safer and more efficient natural additives with dual functionality (colorant and preservative), for instance by the copigmentation phenomena, may be achieved more efficiently, circumventing the current difficulties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Novais
- Centro
de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus
de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Adriana K. Molina
- Centro
de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus
de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Rui M. V. Abreu
- Centro
de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus
de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Celestino Santo-Buelga
- Grupo
de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Facultad de Farmacia,
Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, Universidad
de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
- Centro
de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus
de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Carla Pereira
- Centro
de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus
de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro
de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus
de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zor M, Sengul M. Possibilities of using extracts obtained from
Rosa pimpinellifolia
L. flesh and seeds in ice cream production. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melek Zor
- Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts School of Tourism and Hotel Management Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University Ağrı Turkey
| | - Memnune Sengul
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Agriculture Ataturk University Erzurum Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Habibian Dehkordi S, Farhadian S, Ghasemi M. The interaction between the azo dye tartrazine and α-Chymotrypsin enzyme: Molecular dynamics simulation and multi-spectroscopic investigations. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
17
|
Pham N, Miller MD, Marty M. Using High-Throughput Screening to Evaluate Perturbations Potentially Linked to Neurobehavioral Outcomes: A Case Study Using Publicly Available Tools on FDA Batch-Certified Synthetic Food Dyes. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:2319-2330. [PMID: 34705446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence from human and animal studies indicating an association between exposure to synthetic food dyes and adverse neurobehavioral outcomes in children. However, data gaps persist for potential mechanisms by which the synthetic food dyes could elicit neurobehavioral impacts. We developed an approach to evaluate seven US FDA-batch-certified food dyes using publicly available high-throughput screening (HTS) data from the US EPA's Toxicity Forecaster to assess potential underlying molecular mechanisms that may be linked to neurological pathway perturbations. The dyes were screened through 270 assays identified based on whether they had a neurological-related gene target and/or were mapped to neurodevelopmental processes or neurobehavioral outcomes, and were conducted in brain tissue, targeted specific hormone receptors, or targeted oxidative stress and inflammation. Some results provided support for neurological impacts found in human and animal studies, while other results showed a lack of correlation with in vivo findings. The azo dyes had a range of activity in assays mapped to G-protein-coupled receptors and were active in assays targeting dopaminergic, serotonergic, and opioid receptors. Assays mapped to nuclear receptors (androgen, estrogen, and thyroid hormone) also exhibited activity with the food dyes. Other molecular targets included the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, acetylcholinesterase, and monoamine oxidase. The Toxicological Prioritization Index tool was used to visualize the results of the Novascreen assays. Our results highlight certain limitations of HTS assays but provide insight into potential underlying mechanisms of neurobehavioral effects observed in in vivo animal toxicology studies and human clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Pham
- California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA) Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), Sacramento, California 95814, United States
| | - Mark D Miller
- CalEPA OEHHA, Oakland, California 94612, United States
| | - Melanie Marty
- California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA) Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), Sacramento, California 95814, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Biswas P, Hasan W, Jain J, Kori RK, Bose D, Yadav RS. Non-permitted food colorants induced neurotoxicity in cerebellum of rat brain. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2852-2859. [PMID: 34753371 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1997542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Food colorants are important food additives that not only enhance the appearance of food but also appetite. These can be obtained from natural and synthetic sources, but synthetic sources are more popular, efficient, and potential. Non-permitted food colorants (NPFCs) are banned, but their injudicious use in developing countries associated with various adverse health effects. They have potentially toxic effects on the body organs like the brain, liver, kidney, spleen, gut, etc. In view of their toxicity pattern, the present study aims to investigate the effect of three NPFCs (MY: Metanil yellow; MG: Malachite green; SIII: Sudan III) on oxidative stress, mitochondrial complexes, neurochemicals, and histological changes in the cerebellum of rats. Rats treated with MY (430 mg/kg), MG (13.75 mg/kg), SIII (250 mg/kg), and their mixtures (YGR) (MY 143.33 + MG 4.52 + SIII 83.33 mg/kg) p.o. for 60 days showed a significant increase in lipid peroxidation and decreased level of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity as compared to controls. An increase in the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and a significant decrease in the activity of monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) and mitochondrial complex I and II was also observed in NPFCs treated rats as compared to controls. Further, the histological study also revealed the loss of Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum of the rat brain. The results of the present study indicate that NPFCs exposure to rats enhances oxidative stress and alters the activity of neurochemicals and mitochondrial complexes which could further lead to neuronal loss and behavioral dysfunctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pronit Biswas
- Department of Criminology & Forensic Science, School of Applied Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
| | - Whidul Hasan
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Neuroscience Research Lab, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
| | - Juli Jain
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Neuroscience Research Lab, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Kori
- Department of Criminology & Forensic Science, School of Applied Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
| | - Devasish Bose
- Department of Criminology & Forensic Science, School of Applied Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
| | - Rajesh Singh Yadav
- Department of Criminology & Forensic Science, School of Applied Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wopara I, Adebayo OG, Umoren EB, Aduema W, Iwueke AV, Etim O, Pius EA, James WB, Wodo J. Involvement of striatal oxido-inflammatory, nitrosative and decreased cholinergic activity in neurobehavioral alteration in adult rat model with oral co-exposure to erythrosine and tartrazine. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08454. [PMID: 34888423 PMCID: PMC8637136 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Overuse or overconsumption of food additive or colorant cannot be ignored in our society and there are several reports of it harmful effect on the body system. This study investigated the toxicity effect of tartrazine and erythrosine (ET, 50:50) on neurobehavioral alteration, striatal oxido-nitrosative and pro-inflammatory stress and striatal acetylcholinesterase activity in experimental rat model. Rats were co-exposed to ET (2 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) and distilled water (control), p.o for 6 weeks. The change in neurobehavioral function (Open field test, Forced swimming test and Tail suspension test), Lipid peroxidation (Malonaldehyde, MDA), Antioxidants (Glutathione, GSH; Catalase, CAT) Nitrite, Pro-inflammatory cytokine (Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNF-α) and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were evaluated. Results showed significant decrease in neurobehavioral functions after co-exposure to ET. Moreover, there were significant increase in MDA and Nitrite level, significant decrease in the concentration of GSH and CAT and a significant increase TNF-α concentration and AChE activity after co-exposure to ET. Oral co-exposure to tartrazine and erythrosine induced decrease in locomotion and exploration, increase anxiety and depression-like behavior and altered the cholinergic system through upregulation of oxido-nitrosative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokine and acetylcholinesterase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iheanyichukwu Wopara
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun G. Adebayo
- Department of Physiology, Neurophysiology Unit, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth B. Umoren
- Department of Physiology, Neurophysiology Unit, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Wadioni Aduema
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bayelsa Medical University, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
| | - Adaku V. Iwueke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - O.E. Etim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Egelege Aziemeola. Pius
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria
| | - Woha Boobondah James
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Rivers State University, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Joel Wodo
- Department of Physiology, Neurophysiology Unit, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Rivers State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wu J, Wang X, He Y, Li J, Ma K, Zhang Y, Li H, Yin C, Zhang Y. Stability evaluation of gardenia yellow pigment in presence of different phenolic compounds. Food Chem 2021; 373:131441. [PMID: 34715628 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gardenia yellow pigment (GYP) may undergo chemical degradation under different conditions resulting in color fading. This study investigated the effects of different phenolic compounds (caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, tannic acid, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, epigallocatechin, and epigallocatechin gallate) on the physical and chemical stability of GYP under light and different temperatures. Furthermore, food models with GYP/phenolic compounds were simulated to evaluate the GYP stability under different cooking methods. The addition of phenolic compounds, especially tannic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, and rosmarinic acid, significantly improved the GYP stability during light and thermal treatments. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy confirmed that the formation of hydrogen bonds between GYP and selected phenolic compounds (tannic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, and rosmarinic acid), which may lead to the enhancement of GYP stability. Moreover, these selected phenolic compounds provided potent protective effects on GYP under different cooking methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Rd., Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Rd., Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yu He
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Rd., Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Jieying Li
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Rd., Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Keke Ma
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Rd., Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Rd., Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Haoran Li
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Rd., Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Caiping Yin
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Rd., Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yinglao Zhang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Rd., Hefei 230036, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Integration of evidence to evaluate the potential for neurobehavioral effects following exposure to USFDA-approved food colors. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 151:112097. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
22
|
Bouarroudj T, Aoudjit L, Djahida L, Zaidi B, Ouraghi M, Zioui D, Mahidine S, Shekhar C, Bachari K. Photodegradation of tartrazine dye favored by natural sunlight on pure and (Ce, Ag) co-doped ZnO catalysts. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 83:2118-2134. [PMID: 33989180 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the synthesis of pure and (Ce, Ag) co-doped ZnO was successfully accomplished using a solvothermal process. The synthesized samples were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The photocatalytic ability of the samples is estimated through degradation of tartrazine in aqueous solution under photocatalytic conditions. The degradation study carried out for a reaction period of 90 min at and a free pH = 6.0 found that dye degradation is 44.82% for pure ZnO and 98.91% for (Ce, Ag) co-doped ZnO samples, indicating its excellent photocatalytic ability. Tartrazine mineralization was also studied by calculating the degradation of chemical oxygen demand. The effect of operating parameters such as catalyst dose, initial concentration of tartrazine, initial reaction pH, and nature of light source has been optimized for tartrazine degradation as a function of time. The reusability of ZnO and (Ce, Ag) co-doped ZnO catalysts was studied and its photocatalytic efficiency was found to be unchanged, even after six cycles of use. The mechanism of photocatalytic activity was also proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tayeb Bouarroudj
- Centre de Recherche Scientifique et Technique en Analyses Physico-Chimiques (CRAPC), BP384, Bou-Ismail, RP42004 Tipaza, Algeria E-mail: ; Centre de Recherche en Environnement (CRE), BP 2024, Sidi Amar, RP 23005, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Lamine Aoudjit
- Unité de Développement des Équipements Solaires, UDES/Centre de Développement des Energies Renouvelables, CDER, Bou-Ismail, 42415 W. Tipaza, Algeria
| | - Lerari Djahida
- Centre de Recherche Scientifique et Technique en Analyses Physico-Chimiques (CRAPC), BP384, Bou-Ismail, RP42004 Tipaza, Algeria E-mail:
| | - Beddiaf Zaidi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Matter Sciences, University of Batna 1, Batna, Algeria
| | - Maamar Ouraghi
- Centre de Recherche Scientifique et Technique en Analyses Physico-Chimiques (CRAPC), BP384, Bou-Ismail, RP42004 Tipaza, Algeria E-mail:
| | - Djamila Zioui
- Unité de Développement des Équipements Solaires, UDES/Centre de Développement des Energies Renouvelables, CDER, Bou-Ismail, 42415 W. Tipaza, Algeria
| | - Sarah Mahidine
- Unité de Développement des Équipements Solaires, UDES/Centre de Développement des Energies Renouvelables, CDER, Bou-Ismail, 42415 W. Tipaza, Algeria
| | - Chander Shekhar
- Department of Physics, Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University Gurgaon, Haryana 122413, India
| | - Khaldoun Bachari
- Centre de Recherche Scientifique et Technique en Analyses Physico-Chimiques (CRAPC), BP384, Bou-Ismail, RP42004 Tipaza, Algeria E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wopara I, Modo EU, Adebayo OG, Mobisson SK, Nwigwe JO, Ogbu PI, Nwankwo VU, Ejeawa CU. Anxiogenic and memory impairment effect of food color exposure: upregulation of oxido-neuroinflammatory markers and acetyl-cholinestrase activity in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06378. [PMID: 33748463 PMCID: PMC7970276 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythrosine and tartrazine are one of the synthetic azo dye mostly consumed in food, drugs and other industrial compounds. This study was designed to investigate the adverse effect of combine erythrosine and tartrazine on cognitive and neurobehavioral functions, pro-oxidants, endogenous antioxidants, cholinergic system and pro-inflammatory cytokines in rats. Erythrosine and tartrazine (2 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg, and 10 mg/kg, b.w., p.o, 50:50) was administered to rats (n = 6) for 6 weeks. Memory and neurobehavioral assessment using Novel object recognition test (NORT) and Elevated plus maze (EPM) and biochemical (pro-oxidants and anti-oxidant enzymes) and pro-inflammatory cytokine measurement from the brain sub regions namely, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were done at the end of treatment. The results showed (p < 0.05) significant decreased memory and neurobehavioral function, increased acetyl-cholinesterase and pro-oxidants activity (Malonaldehyde level and Nitrite), decreased endogenous anti-oxidants (Glutathione and Catalase) and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines (Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNF-α). We suggested that the mechanism by which this oxidative and neuro-inflammatory damage and cholinergic system alteration occur might be related to the release of metabolite in fission of the azo dyes of the combined erythrosine and tartrazine administration in the animals. However, we concluded on these findings that erythrosine and tartrazine dyes significantly provoke the release of oxido-nitrergic and neuroinflammatory stress markers and also may incite acetyl-cholinesterase activities in different brain regions leading to memory and neurobehavioral impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iheanyichukwu Wopara
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel U. Modo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Madonna University, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun G. Adebayo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Nigeria
| | - Samuel K. Mobisson
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Madonna University, Nigeria
| | - Jovita O. Nwigwe
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Madonna University, Nigeria
| | - Prince I. Ogbu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Madonna University, Nigeria
| | - Vincent U. Nwankwo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Madonna University, Nigeria
| | - Constance U. Ejeawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Madonna University, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Erdemli Z, Altinoz E, Erdemli ME, Gul M, Bag HG, Gul S. Ameliorative effects of crocin on tartrazine dye-induced pancreatic adverse effects: a biochemical and histological study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:2209-2218. [PMID: 32870427 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10578-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to analyze the impact of tartrazine (T) and crocin (Cr) applications on the pancreas tissues of the Wistar rats. A total of 40 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 rats in each group, including the Control, T, Cr, and T + Cr groups. After 3 weeks of application, the pancreatic tissues of the rats were removed under anesthesia and rat blood samples were obtained. Tissues were analyzed with biochemical and histopathological methods. It was determined that T administration increased malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), glucose, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL, and total cholesterol levels. However, it decreased reduced glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant status (TAS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and HDL levels when compared with the other groups. It was observed that Cr administration significantly increased GSH, SOD, CAT, TAS, and HDL levels when compared with the control group. In the T group, histopathological changes were observed in pancreatic tissue, leading to damages in exocrine pancreas and islets of Langerhans and increased caspase-3 immunoreactivity (p ≤ 0.001). Co-administration of Cr and T brought the biochemical and histopathological findings closer to the control group levels. The administration of T induced damage in the pancreas with the administered dose and frequency. Cr can increase the antioxidant capacity in pancreas tissue. Co-administration of T and Cr contributed to the reduction of the toxic effects induced by T. It could be suggested that Cr administration ameliorated T toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Erdemli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Eyup Altinoz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Erman Erdemli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gul
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Harika Gozukara Bag
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Semir Gul
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Acute effects of tartrazine (E102) exposure on behavior, and histology of land snail Helix aspersa biological model. NUTRITION & SANTÉ 2020. [DOI: 10.30952/9.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Tartrazine is an azofood additive widely used in the pharmaceu-cal, cosmetic, food, and other industries. Objective. To assess the effects of tartrazineon the attitude to move and to eat, and histological changes in digestive, and renal sys-tem, after an acute treatment on a biological model the snail Helix aspersa. Material and Methods. Snails were exposed orally, and by contact to flour contaminated with this dye for 24 hours. Adult snails were divided into two groups of 20 animals each. The control group fed flour alone. The experimental group was administered orally with flour treated with tartrazine (200mg/g flour). Results. The observation of behaviour revealed inhibitory effects of tartrazine on locomotion, and nutrition of snails. Histolo-gical examination of intestines, hepatopancreas, and kidney of treated animals showed altered tissue structures, with advanced degeneration of digestive tubules, connective tissue, and smooth muscle fibers of the walls surrounding the three organs, in response to tartrazine, compared to controls. Conclusion. This study suggests that acute exposure to tartrazine may lead to disorders in locomotor, and nutritional behavior, in addition to tissue alterations. Therefore, this study on behavior, supported by histological changes in H. Aspersa can be used as potential biomarkers of exposure to other azodyes.
Collapse
|
26
|
Rosli M, Abdullah M, Krishnan G, Harun S, Aziz M. Power-dependent nonlinear optical behaviours of ponceau BS chromophore at 532 nm via Z-scan technique. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
27
|
Albuquerque BR, Oliveira MBPP, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR. Could fruits be a reliable source of food colorants? Pros and cons of these natural additives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:805-835. [PMID: 32267162 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1746904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Color additives are important for the food industry to improve sensory quality lost during food process and to expand the variety of products. In general, artificial colorants have lower cost and better stability than the natural ones. Nevertheless, studies have reported their association with some health disorders. Furthermore, consumers have given greater attention to food products with health beneficial effects, which has provided a new perspective for the use of natural colorants. In this context, fruits are an excellent alternative source of natural compounds, that allow the obtainment of a wide range of colorant molecules, such as anthocyanins, betalains, carotenoids, and chlorophylls. Furthermore, in addition to their coloring ability, they comprise different bioactive properties. However, the extraction and application of natural colorants from fruits is still a challenge, since these compounds show some stability problems, in addition to issues related to the sustainability of raw-materials providing. To overcome these limitations, several studies have reported optimized extraction and stabilization procedures. In this review, the major pigments found in fruits and their extraction and stabilization techniques for uses as food additives will be looked over.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca R Albuquerque
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - M Beatriz P P Oliveira
- REQUIMTE - Science Chemical Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Albasher G, Maashi N, Alfarraj S, Almeer R, Albrahim T, Alotibi F, Bin-Jumah M, Mahmoud AM. Perinatal Exposure to Tartrazine Triggers Oxidative Stress and Neurobehavioral Alterations in Mice Offspring. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9010053. [PMID: 31936188 PMCID: PMC7023231 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of synthetic azo dyes as coloring agents in food products has dramatically increased. This study evaluated the effect of perinatal exposure to tartrazine (TZ) on mice offspring, focusing on neurobehavioral alterations and oxidative stress. The female mice received TZ (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) via oral gavage during pregnancy and the first 15 days after birth. At days 21 and 35 after birth, male mice were sacrificed, and samples were collected for analyses. Perinatal exposure to TZ triggered tissue injury evidenced by the histological alterations and neuronal damage in the cerebrum, medulla oblongata, and cerebellum. TZ provoked lipid peroxidation and diminished cellular antioxidants in different brain regions of the newborns. In addition, TZ increased hemoglobin content, as well as erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets count at days 21 and 35 after birth. Both the locomotor behavior and anxiety reflex were significantly altered in mice exposed to TZ. In conclusion, perinatal exposure to TZ within an adequate daily intake range induced oxidative stress and neurobehavioral and hematological alterations in mice offspring. Therefore, consuming foods containing TZ during pregnancy and lactation warrants public awareness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gadah Albasher
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (G.A.); (N.M.); (S.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Najla Maashi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (G.A.); (N.M.); (S.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (G.A.); (N.M.); (S.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Rafa Almeer
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (G.A.); (N.M.); (S.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Tarfa Albrahim
- Clinical Nutrition, Department of Health sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fatimah Alotibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - May Bin-Jumah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ayman M. Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gupta R, Ranjan S, Yadav A, Verma B, Malhotra K, Madan M, Chopra O, Jain S, Gupta S, Joshi A, Bhasin C, Mudgal P. Toxic Effects of Food Colorants Erythrosine and Tartrazine on Zebrafish Embryo Development. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.7.3.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Erythrosine and tartrazine are common artificial food additives which have become a part of daily human consumption. Advised daily intake values for these agents are set strictly, however, the actual intake is much higher than the recommended ADI. A higher intake of erythrosine and tartrazine is shown to exhibit adverse effects in mammalian models, and is thus a matter of public health concern. In this study we have assessed and compared the dose-dependent effects of erythrosine and tartrazine on inducing oxidative stress in zebrafish embryos. We performed the superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity assay to test the effect of the two food colorants on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Erythrosine and tartrazine treated embryos showed significantly increased SOD activity in an enzyme assay. Additionally SOD mRNA transcripts in the treated embryos were found to be upregulated. Erythrosine and tartrazine treatment specifically altered SOD1 mRNA transcript levels while it had no effect on SOD2 mRNA, the other isoform found in zebrafish. Our study shows that erythrosine at a concentration of 0.05% is embryotoxic in a dose and time dependent manner. Tartrazine treated embryos exhibit similar toxicity at a concentration of 0.5%. Erythrosine treated zebrafish embryos hatch much slower when compared to tartrazine treated embryos and control embryos. While erythrosine affects the yolk utilization, tartrazine exhibits teratogenic effects on early zebrafish embryos. The mRNA expression as well as biochemical analysis indicates that exposure to food colorants induces cytoplasmic SOD transcription to combat the ROS toxicity in zebrafish embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
| | | | - Aanchal Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
| | - Bhawana Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
| | - Kangana Malhotra
- Department of Biochemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
| | - Mahima Madan
- Department of Biochemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
| | - Ojasvi Chopra
- Department of Biochemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
| | - Shefali Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
| | - Sonali Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
| | | | - Chitra Bhasin
- Department of Zoology, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
| | - Padmshree Mudgal
- Department of Biochemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abd-Elhakim YM, Moustafa GG, Hashem MM, Ali HA, Abo-El-Sooud K, El-Metwally AE. Influence of the long-term exposure to tartrazine and chlorophyll on the fibrogenic signalling pathway in liver and kidney of rats: the expression patterns of collagen 1-α, TGFβ-1, fibronectin, and caspase-3 genes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:12368-12378. [PMID: 30847814 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04734-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Colouring agents are highly present in diverse products in the human environment. We aimed to elucidate the fibrogenic cascade triggered by the food dyes tartrazine and chlorophyll. Rats were orally given distilled water, tenfold of the acceptable daily intake of tartrazine, or chlorophyll for 90 consecutive days. Tartrazine-treated rats displayed a significant rise (p < 0.05) in the mRNA levels and immunohistochemical localization of the renal and hepatic fibrotic markers collagen 1-α, TGFβ-1, and fibronectin and the apoptotic marker caspase-3. Moreover, a significant increment (p < 0.05) in the levels of AST, ALP, creatinine, and urea was evident in both experimental groups but more significant differences were noticed in the tartrazine group. Furthermore, we found a marked increment in the MDA level and significant declines (p < 0.05) in the levels of the SOD, CAT, and GSH enzymes in the kidney and liver from tartrazine-treated rats. The histological investigation reinforced the aforementioned data, revealing hepatocytes with fibrous connective tissue proliferation, apoptotic hepatocytes and periportal fibrosis with tubular necrosis, and shrunken glomeruli and interstitial fibrous tissue proliferation. We concluded that, even at the exposure to high concentrations for long durations, chlorophyll exhibited a lower propensity to induce fibrosis, apoptosis, and histopathological perturbations than tartrazine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Gihan G Moustafa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Hashem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Haytham A Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jeddah University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Abo-El-Sooud
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chebotarev A, Koicheva A, Bevziuk K, Pliuta K, Snigur D. Simultaneous determination of Sunset Yellow and Tartrazine in soft drinks on carbon-paste electrode modified by silica impregnated with cetylpyridinium chloride. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00115-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
32
|
Ameur FZ, Mehedi N, Kheroua O, Saïdi D, Salido GM, Gonzalez A. Sulfanilic acid increases intracellular free-calcium concentration, induces reactive oxygen species production and impairs trypsin secretion in pancreatic AR42J cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:71-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|