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Cho SB. Molecular Mechanisms of Endometriosis Revealed Using Omics Data. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2210. [PMID: 37626707 PMCID: PMC10452455 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a gynecological disorder prevalent in women of reproductive age. The primary symptoms include dysmenorrhea, irregular menstruation, and infertility. However, the pathogenesis of endometriosis remains unclear. With the advent of high-throughput technologies, various omics experiments have been conducted to identify genes related to the pathophysiology of endometriosis. This review highlights the molecular mechanisms underlying endometriosis using omics. When genes identified in omics experiments were compared with endometriosis disease genes identified in independent studies, the number of overlapping genes was moderate. However, the characteristics of these genes were found to be equivalent when functional gene set enrichment analysis was performed using gene ontology and biological pathway information. These findings indicate that omics technology provides invaluable information regarding the pathophysiology of endometriosis. Moreover, the functional characteristics revealed using enrichment analysis provide important clues for discovering endometriosis disease genes in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Beom Cho
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 38-13, Dokgeom-ro 3 Street Namdon-gu, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
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2
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Alvariño R, Gil-Mouce C, Botana MA, Gegunde S, González-Jartín J, Vieytes MR, Alfonso A, Botana LM. Cyclophilin B serum levels present variations across the menstrual cycle. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10139. [PMID: 37349369 PMCID: PMC10287709 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37322-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilins are a family of chaperones involved in inflammation and cell death. Cyclophilin B is released by inflammatory cells and acts through the receptor CD147, affecting matrix metalloproteases release, whilst cyclophilin D participates in hypoxia-induced apoptosis. Previous studies related hormones like estradiol or prolactin to these proteins, however, their blood concentrations across the menstrual cycle have not been determined. In this work, eleven healthy women (BMI: 21.8 kg/m2) were monitored during a single menstrual cycle, making blood extractions at follicular, periovulatory and mid-luteal phases. Hormone and cyclophilin levels were determined in each phase. Statistical differences were determined by repeated measures ANOVA and estimated marginal means tests, or by Friedman and Dunn-Bonferroni tests for parametric and non-parametric variables, respectively. Bivariate correlations were evaluated with the Spearman coefficient. Cyclophilin B concentrations presented significant differences during the menstrual cycle (p = 0.012). The highest levels of this protein were found at follicular extraction, followed by a decrease at periovulatory phase and a slight increase at mid-luteal phase. Cyclophilin D showed the same profile, although statistical significance was not reached. This immunophilin exhibited a positive correlation with luteinizing hormone at periovulatory phase (r = 0.743, p = 0.009) and with follicle stimulating hormone at mid-luteal phase (r = 0.633, p = 0.036). This is the first study describing the changes in cyclophilin B concentrations across the menstrual cycle, as well as the association of luteinizing and follicle stimulating hormones with cyclophilin D. These results suggest a role of these proteins in the cyclic inflammatory events that affect female reproductive system that should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Alvariño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
- Grupo Investigación Biodiscovery, IDIS, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Cristina Gil-Mouce
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Manuel A Botana
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Sandra Gegunde
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
- Grupo Investigación Biodiscovery, IDIS, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Jesús González-Jartín
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
- Grupo Investigación Biodiscovery, IDIS, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Mercedes R Vieytes
- Grupo Investigación Biodiscovery, IDIS, 27002, Lugo, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Amparo Alfonso
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
- Grupo Investigación Biodiscovery, IDIS, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Luis M Botana
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
- Grupo Investigación Biodiscovery, IDIS, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
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3
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Petersen E, Chudakova D, Erdyneeva D, Zorigt D, Shabalina E, Gudkov D, Karalkin P, Reshetov I, Mynbaev OA. COVID-19-The Shift of Homeostasis into Oncopathology or Chronic Fibrosis in Terms of Female Reproductive System Involvement. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108579. [PMID: 37239926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus remains a global public health concern due to the systemic nature of the infection and its long-term consequences, many of which remain to be elucidated. SARS-CoV-2 targets endothelial cells and blood vessels, altering the tissue microenvironment, its secretion, immune-cell subpopulations, the extracellular matrix, and the molecular composition and mechanical properties. The female reproductive system has high regenerative potential, but can accumulate damage, including due to SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 is profibrotic and can change the tissue microenvironment toward an oncogenic niche. This makes COVID-19 and its consequences one of the potential regulators of a homeostasis shift toward oncopathology and fibrosis in the tissues of the female reproductive system. We are looking at SARS-CoV-2-induced changes at all levels in the female reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Petersen
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Daria Chudakova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Daiana Erdyneeva
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Dulamsuren Zorigt
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | | | - Denis Gudkov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Pavel Karalkin
- P.A. Herzen Moscow Research Institute of Oncology, 125284 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Cluster Oncology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Reshetov
- Institute of Cluster Oncology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ospan A Mynbaev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
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Asgari R, Vaisi-Raygani A, Aleagha MSE, Mohammadi P, Bakhtiari M, Arghiani N. CD147 and MMPs as key factors in physiological and pathological processes. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:113983. [PMID: 36370522 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147) or extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that induces the synthesis of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). MMPs, as zinc-dependent proteases and versatile enzymes, play critical roles in the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) components, cleaving of the receptors of cellular surfaces, signaling molecules, and other precursor proteins, which may lead to attenuation or activation of such targets. CD147 and MMPs play essential roles in physiological and pathological conditions and any disorder in the expression, synthesis, or function of CD147 and MMPs may be associated with various types of disease. In this review, we have focused on the roles of CD147 and MMPs in some major physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Asgari
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Asad Vaisi-Raygani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sajad Emami Aleagha
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Pantea Mohammadi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mitra Bakhtiari
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Nahid Arghiani
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Life Science, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom.
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5
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Lengyel E, Li Y, Weigert M, Zhu L, Eckart H, Javellana M, Ackroyd S, Xiao J, Olalekan S, Glass D, Iyer S, Krishnan R, Bilecz AJ, Lastra R, Chen M, Basu A. A molecular atlas of the human postmenopausal fallopian tube and ovary from single-cell RNA and ATAC sequencing. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111838. [PMID: 36543131 PMCID: PMC11295111 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of the Human Cell Atlas Initiative, our goal is to generate single-cell transcriptomics (single-cell RNA sequencing [scRNA-seq], 86,708 cells) and regulatory (single-cell assay on transposase accessible chromatin sequencing [scATAC-seq], 59,830 cells) profiles of the normal postmenopausal ovary and fallopian tube (FT). The FT contains 11 major cell types, and the ovary contains 6. The dominating cell type in the FT and ovary is the stromal cell, which expresses aging-associated genes. FT epithelial cells express multiple ovarian cancer risk-associated genes (CCDC170, RND3, TACC2, STK33, and ADGB) and show active communication between fimbrial epithelial cells and ovarian stromal cells. Integrated single-cell transcriptomics and chromatin accessibility data show that the regulatory landscape of the fimbriae is different from other anatomic regions. Cell types with similar gene expression in the FT display transcriptional profiles. These findings allow us to disentangle the cellular makeup of the postmenopausal FT and ovary, advancing our knowledge of gynecologic diseases in menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst Lengyel
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Melanie Weigert
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lisha Zhu
- Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Heather Eckart
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Melissa Javellana
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sarah Ackroyd
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jason Xiao
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Susan Olalekan
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dianne Glass
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shilpa Iyer
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rahul Krishnan
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Agnes Julia Bilecz
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ricardo Lastra
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mengjie Chen
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Anindita Basu
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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6
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Du J, Li S, Su Y, Wang H, Liu H, Cui H. The role of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer on the action of dihydrotestosterone against the cellular damage induced by Aβ 42. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 498:110536. [PMID: 31401349 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Clinical studies have revealed that the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in men is increased by age-related androgen depletion. The level of β-amyloid (Aβ) is elevated in the brains of AD patients, and Aβ is believed to play a critical role in the pathology of AD. Some studies have indicated that androgens affect AD risk by regulating the metabolism of Aβ by an unclear mechanism. In this study, we investigated the role of the extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (CD147) in this action. Initially, we demonstrated that androgens positively regulate the expression of CD147 in adult male rats and SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, this regulation may involve androgen receptor (AR). Additionally, interference of CD147 expression decreased the clearance of Aβ in culture medium and reduced cell viability. It also affected the morphology of the cells and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Finally, we found that interference of CD147 expression blocked the dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced reduction in Aβ and the protection of cells. DHT regulates MMP-2's expression through CD147. Together, these results imply that androgen regulation of Aβ and cell protection may be affected by interfering with the expression of CD147.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Human Brain Bank, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Human Brain Bank, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuhong Su
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haidong Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hanjie Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huixian Cui
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Human Brain Bank, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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7
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Dai Y, Li X, Shi J, Leng J. A review of the risk factors, genetics and treatment of endometriosis in Chinese women: a comparative update. Reprod Health 2018; 15:82. [PMID: 29783992 PMCID: PMC5963030 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-018-0506-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is one of the major causes of economic burden and compromised quality of life in a very large percentage of Asian women. While it is perceived as a benign condition, recent research has shown that it may be a significant cause of infertility and metastatic cancer. It has also been associated with other diseases linked to the functioning of the immune system. Genetic as well as environmental factors are known to affect the manifestation and progression of endometriosis. This review aims to summarize recent research pertaining to the risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis in Chinese women. It also provides an overview of identified genetic mutations and polymorphisms and their effects on the risk of developing endometriosis in the Chinese population. A comparison has been drawn between Asian and European-American female populations and the differences in risk factors and treatment responses have been summarized. Since traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is often used to treat endometriosis, wherever possible, a comparison between efficacies of Western medicine and TCM in the Chinese population has also been provided. Although much progress has been made in the treatment and resolution of endometriosis, several gaps remain and this review also highlights possible areas of future research and advancement that can result in an improvement in patient outcomes and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 1# Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 1# Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Jinghua Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 1# Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Jinhua Leng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 1# Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
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Wang C, Zhang J, Fok KL, Tsang LL, Ye M, Liu J, Li F, Zhao AZ, Chan HC, Chen H. CD147 Induces Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition by Disassembling Cellular Apoptosis Susceptibility Protein/E-Cadherin/β-Catenin Complex in Human Endometriosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:1597-1607. [PMID: 29630856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is postulated to be a prerequisite for the establishment of endometriosis (EMS), a common reproductive disorder in women. Our previous studies have demonstrated the elevated expression of transmembrane glycoprotein CD147 and its prosurvival effect on abnormal cells in endometriosis. Intriguingly, CD147 is known to promote EMT in cancers. However, the involvement of CD147 in EMT during the establishment of endometriosis remains incompletely understood. We found that CD147 promotes EMT in human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line Ishikawa. We identified a novel CD147-interacting partner, cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein (CAS), which stabilized the interaction between E-cadherin (E-cad) and β-catenin (β-cat) by forming the CAS/E-cad/β-cat complex. Down-regulation of CAS led to the release and nuclear translocation of β-cat from E-cad, resulting in the overexpression of the EMT-promoting gene SNAIL. Interestingly, overexpression of CD147 impaired the interaction between CAS and E-cad and triggered the release of β-cat from the CAS/E-cad/β-cat complex, which in turn led to EMT. Furthermore, CAS was down-regulated in EMS, with elevated levels of CD147 and nuclear β-cat. These findings suggest a previously undefined role of CAS in regulating EMT and reveal the involvement of a CD147-induced EMT signaling pathway in pathogenic progression of EMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Wang
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jieting Zhang
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Kin L Fok
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Lai L Tsang
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Mei Ye
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianni Liu
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanghong Li
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Allan Z Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Hsiao C Chan
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hao Chen
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Supper V, Hartl I, Boulègue C, Ohradanova-Repic A, Stockinger H. Dynamic Interaction- and Phospho-Proteomics Reveal Lck as a Major Signaling Hub of CD147 in T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:2468-2478. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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10
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Regulation of apoptotic pathways during endometriosis: from the molecular basis to the future perspectives. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2016; 294:897-904. [PMID: 27628753 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-016-4195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial-like endometrial cells, glands and stroma outside the uterus, causing a strong inflammatory-like microenvironment in the affected tissue. This may provoke a breakdown in the peritoneal cavity homeostasis, with the consequent processes of immune alteration, documented by peripheral mononuclear cells recruitment and secretion of inflammatory cytokines in early phases and of angiogenic and fibrogenic cytokines in the late stages of the disease. Considering the pivotal role of interaction between immune and endometriotic cells, in this paper, we aim to shed light about the role of apoptosis pathways in modulating the fine-regulated peritoneal microenvironment during endometriosis. METHODS Narrative overview, synthesizing the findings of literature retrieved from searches of computerized databases. RESULTS In normal conditions, endometriotic cells, refluxed through the fallopian tubes into the peritoneal cavity, should be attacked and removed by phagocytes and NK cells. During endometriosis, the breakdown of peritoneal homeostasis causes the failure of scavenging mechanisms, allowing the survival of endometriotic cells. The consequent so-called "immunoescaping" of endometriotic cells could be due, at least in part, to the reduction of apoptotic-mediated pathways previously described. CONCLUSION Considering the large amount of evidence retrieved from in vitro as well as in vivo models, the reduced apoptosis of endometriotic cells together with the increased apoptosis of peritoneal fluid mononuclear cells may address the peritoneal homeostasis to a permissive environment for the progression of the disease.
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11
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Yang M, Jiang C, Chen H, Nian Y, Bai Z, Ha C. The involvement of osteopontin and matrix metalloproteinase- 9 in the migration of endometrial epithelial cells in patients with endometriosis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:95. [PMID: 26289107 PMCID: PMC4545920 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis, which shares certain characteristics with cancers, may cause abnormal expression of proteins involved in cell migration. Endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) are believed to play an important role in endometriotic migration. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the expression of osteopontin (OPN) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in endometriotic migration. METHODS We performed primary culture of EECs and investigated the expression of OPN and MMP-9 in EECs regulated by 17beta-estradiol (E2). OPN-specific siRNA interference was used to down-regulate OPN and to explore the corresponding change in MMP-9 expression. Real-time RT-PCR, western blot analysis and flow cytometry were used to determine the expression levels of OPN and MMP-9. Gelatin zymography was performed to observe the enzymatic activity of MMP-9 in conditioned media. Transwell and wound scratch assays were performed to investigate the migration ability of EECs. RESULTS The expression levels of OPN and MMP-9 in normal EECs (NEECs) were inferior to those in EECs from patients with endometriosis (EEECs). The expression levels of OPN and MMP-9 from stage III/IV EEECs and secretory-phase EECs were higher than those of stage I/II EEECs or proliferative-phase EECs. The expression levels of OPN and MMP-9 in EEECs were increased by E2 treatment and remarkably decreased by siRNA interference. Active MMP-9 expression increased with E2 treatment and decreased with siRNA treatment in EEECs compared with the same treatments in NEECs. The migratory abilities of EEECs were enhanced after cells were treated with E2; in contrast, these abilities were reduced by siRNA interference. In NEECs, active MMP-9 and cellular migration abilities were only minimally influenced by E2 and siRNA treatment. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that the up-regulation of MMP-9 via activation of OPN induced by estrogen may correlate with the migration of endometrial epithelial cells in patients with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China.
| | - Chunfan Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China.
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in General Hospital, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of the Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
| | - Yan Nian
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
| | - Zhimiao Bai
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
| | - Chunfang Ha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in General Hospital, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of the Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
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12
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Wang C, Jin A, Huang W, Tsang LL, Cai Z, Zhou X, Chen H, Chan HC. Up-regulation of Bcl-2 by CD147 Through ERK Activation Results in Abnormal Cell Survival in Human Endometriosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:E955-63. [PMID: 25996258 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-1431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Human endometriosis (EMS) is characterized by insufficient apoptosis. Our previous studies have shown elevated CD147 expression in human endometriotic tissues and its involvement in endometrial cell apoptosis. However, the exact underlying mechanism remains elusive. OBJECTIVE The objective was to examine the correlation of the highly expressed CD147 with anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 in human endometriotic tissues and to determine the CD147-regulated apoptotic pathway in human endometrial epithelial cell line (HES). DESIGN This was a laboratory study using human tissue analysis and HES cell culture. SETTING The setting was an academic research center and hospital. PATIENTS Patients were 30 women with ovarian EMS and 12 women without EMS. INTERVENTIONS mRNA levels of CD147 and Bcl-2 were evaluated in endometriotic tissues by quantitative real-time PCR. HES cells were transfected with pcDNA3.0-CD147 overexpressing plasmid or immune-depleted by CD147 antibody. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Main outcome measures were reverse transcription, quantitative real-time PCR, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay, and Western blotting. RESULTS In human endometriotic tissues, Bcl-2 was up-regulated and positively correlated with CD147 expression, accompanied by activated ERK signaling. In HES cells, overexpression of CD147 increased viable cells and up-regulated Bcl-2 expression by activation of ERK signaling. Interference with CD147 function suppressed ERK signaling and decreased Bcl-2 expression, followed by accumulation of apoptotic factors, including cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase. CONCLUSIONS The presently found strong correlations between Bcl-2 and CD147, ERK, and CD147 in human endometriotic lesions and the demonstrated reduced cell apoptosis through CD147-ERK-Bcl-2 intrinsic apoptosis signaling axis suggest that this CD147-regulated signaling may contribute to the enhanced cell survival in the progression of human EMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Wang
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center (C.W., W.H., L.L.T., H.C., H.C.C.), Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; Department of Gynaecology (A.J., Z.C., X.Z., H.C.), The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518029, the People's Republic of China; and School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory (H.C.C.), Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Aihong Jin
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center (C.W., W.H., L.L.T., H.C., H.C.C.), Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; Department of Gynaecology (A.J., Z.C., X.Z., H.C.), The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518029, the People's Republic of China; and School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory (H.C.C.), Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Wenqing Huang
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center (C.W., W.H., L.L.T., H.C., H.C.C.), Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; Department of Gynaecology (A.J., Z.C., X.Z., H.C.), The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518029, the People's Republic of China; and School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory (H.C.C.), Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Lai Ling Tsang
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center (C.W., W.H., L.L.T., H.C., H.C.C.), Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; Department of Gynaecology (A.J., Z.C., X.Z., H.C.), The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518029, the People's Republic of China; and School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory (H.C.C.), Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Zhiming Cai
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center (C.W., W.H., L.L.T., H.C., H.C.C.), Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; Department of Gynaecology (A.J., Z.C., X.Z., H.C.), The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518029, the People's Republic of China; and School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory (H.C.C.), Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaping Zhou
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center (C.W., W.H., L.L.T., H.C., H.C.C.), Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; Department of Gynaecology (A.J., Z.C., X.Z., H.C.), The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518029, the People's Republic of China; and School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory (H.C.C.), Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Hao Chen
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center (C.W., W.H., L.L.T., H.C., H.C.C.), Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; Department of Gynaecology (A.J., Z.C., X.Z., H.C.), The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518029, the People's Republic of China; and School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory (H.C.C.), Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Hsiao Chang Chan
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center (C.W., W.H., L.L.T., H.C., H.C.C.), Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; Department of Gynaecology (A.J., Z.C., X.Z., H.C.), The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518029, the People's Republic of China; and School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory (H.C.C.), Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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13
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Thammasit P, Sangboonruang S, Suwanpairoj S, Khamaikawin W, Intasai N, Kasinrerk W, Tayapiwatana C, Tragoolpua K. Intracellular Acidosis Promotes Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway: Role of EMMPRIN Down-regulation via Specific Single-chain Fv Intrabody. J Cancer 2015; 6:276-86. [PMID: 25663946 PMCID: PMC4317764 DOI: 10.7150/jca.10879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) is a human leukocyte surface molecule that is enriched on the surface of many cancer cells, and it plays an important role in proliferation and metastasis. In this study, we utilized the chimeric adenoviral vector Ad5/F35 carrying gene encoding scFv against EMMPRIN (scFv-M6-1B9) to down-regulate EMMPRIN cell surface expression and investigated programmed cell death response in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell, Caco-2. The scFv-M6-1B9 intrabody exhibits robust activity in reducing EMMPRIN cell surface expression. This approach led to the inducing of apoptosis, which was relative to the increasing of apoptotic bodies in sub-G1 peak, phosphatidylserine externalization, as well as TUNEL-positive cells. In addition, real-time RT-PCR and western blotting analysis indicated that apoptosis was enhanced through the mitochondrial pathway, a marked reduction of Bcl-2, leading to the translocation of cytochrome c and also the dramatic activation of caspase-3. Moreover, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a tumor marker for CRC, was found to have significantly diminished in both secreted protein and mRNA levels. In conclusion, these findings suggest that EMMPRIN down-regulation by scFv-M6-1B9 intrabody has great potential in enhancing the efficacy of apoptosis induction through the mitochondrial pathway and in effecting a decline in the CEA level. Thus, its benefits could be applied to project the future prospects for targeted gene therapy and therapeutic application in monitoring colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patcharin Thammasit
- 1. Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sirikwan Sangboonruang
- 1. Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Supattara Suwanpairoj
- 2. Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wannisa Khamaikawin
- 2. Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nutjeera Intasai
- 3. Division of Clinical Microscopy, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Watchara Kasinrerk
- 2. Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand ; 4. Biomedical Technology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Tayapiwatana
- 2. Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand ; 4. Biomedical Technology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand ; 5. BioMedical Engineering Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Khajornsak Tragoolpua
- 1. Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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14
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Xiong L, Edwards CK, Zhou L. The biological function and clinical utilization of CD147 in human diseases: a review of the current scientific literature. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:17411-41. [PMID: 25268615 PMCID: PMC4227170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151017411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CD147 or EMMPRIN is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily in humans. It is widely expressed in human tumors and plays a central role in the progression of many cancers by stimulating the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cytokines. CD147 regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, and tumor cell migration, metastasis and differentiation, especially under hypoxic conditions. CD147 is also important to many organ systems. This review will provide a detailed overview of the discovery, characterization, molecular structure, diverse biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of CD147 in human physiological and pathological processes. In particular, recent studies have demonstrated the potential application of CD147 not only as a phenotypic marker of activated regulatory T cells but also as a potential diagnostic marker for early-stage disease. Moreover, CD147 is recognized as an effective therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and other cancers, and exciting clinical progress has been made in HCC treatment using CD147-directed monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Xiong
- Central Laboratory, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Carl K Edwards
- National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Research (NKLB), West China Hospital and Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Lijun Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China.
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