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Yan YD, Ji WX, Zhao N, Zhang JJ, Du J, Lu T, Gu WQ. Association between ACE1 and missed abortion: ACE1 promotes H2O2-induced trophoblast cell injury in vitro†. Biol Reprod 2024; 111:406-413. [PMID: 38582608 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioae049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1) in H2O2-induced trophoblast cell injury and the potential molecular mechanisms. Oxidative stress was modeled by exposing HTR-8/SVneo cells to 200 μM H2O2. Western blot and real-time quantitative PCR methods were used to detect protein and mRNA expression level of ACE1 in chorionic villus tissue and trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo cell. Inhibition of ACE1 expression was achieved by transfection with small interfering RNA. Then flow cytometry, Cell Counting Kit-8, and Transwell assay was used to assess apoptosis, viability, and migration ability of the cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by fluorescent probes, and malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH) activities were determined by corresponding detection kits. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 expression was upregulated in chorionic villus tissue of patients with missed abortion (MA) compared with individuals with normal early pregnancy abortion. H2O2 induced elevated ACE1 expression in HTR-8/SVneo cells, promoted apoptosis, and inhibited cell viability and migration. Knockdown of ACE1 expression inhibited H2O2-induced effects to enhance cell viability and migration and suppress apoptosis. Additionally, H2O2 stimulation caused increased levels of ROS and MDA and decreased SOD and GSH activity in the cells, whereas knockdown of ACE1 expression led to opposite changes of these oxidative stress indicators. Moreover, knockdown of ACE1 attenuated the inhibitory effect of H2O2 on the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 was associated with MA, and it promoted H2O2-induced injury of trophoblast cells through inhibiting the Nrf2 pathway. Therefore, ACE1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Dan Yan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changshu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changshu, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Xia Ji
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changshu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changshu, Jiangsu, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changshu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changshu, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-Juan Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changshu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changshu, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Du
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changshu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changshu, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Lu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changshu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changshu, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-Qun Gu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changshu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changshu, Jiangsu, China
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Yang L, Yang Y, Han X, Huang C, Wang Y, Jiang D, Chao L. GRIM19 deficiency aggravates metabolic disorder and ovarian dysfunction in PCOS. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167063. [PMID: 38360073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women. Retinoid-interferon-induced mortality 19 (GRIM19) is a functional component of mitochondrial complex I that plays a role in cellular energy metabolism. However, the role of GRIM19 in the pathogenesis of PCOS is still unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of GRIM19 in the pathogenesis of PCOS. DESIGN We first measured the expression of GRIM19 in human granulosa cells (hGCs) from patients with and without PCOS (n = 16 per group), and then established a PCOS mouse model with WT and Grim19+/- mice for in vivo experiments. Glucose uptake-related genes RAC1 and GLUT4 and energy metabolism levels in KGN cells were examined in vitro by knocking down GRIM19 in the cell lines. Additionally, ovulation-related genes such as p-ERK1/2, HAS2, and PTX3 were also studied to determine their expression levels. RESULTS GRIM19 expression was reduced in hGCs of PCOS patients, which was negatively correlated with BMI and serum testosterone level. Grim19+/- mice with PCOS exhibited a markedly anovulatory phenotype and disturbed glycolipid metabolism. In vitro experiments, GRIM19 deficiency inhibited the RAC1/GLUT4 pathway, reducing insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in KGN cells. Moreover, GRIM19 deficiency induced mitochondrial dysfunction, defective glucose metabolism, and apoptosis. In addition, GRIM19 deficiency suppressed the expression of ovulation-related genes in KGN cells, which was regulated by dihydrotestosterone mediated androgen receptor. CONCLUSIONS GRIM19 deficiency may mediate ovulation and glucose metabolism disorders in PCOS patients. Our results suggest that GRIM19 may be a new target for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Han
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Chengzi Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Danni Jiang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Lan Chao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
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SKAP2 is downregulated in the villous tissues of patients with missed abortion and regulates growth and migration in trophoblasts through the WAVE2-ARP2/3 signaling pathway. Placenta 2022; 128:100-111. [PMID: 36126383 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abnormal placental trophoblast function is the main cause of missed abortion (MA). Src kinase-associated phosphoprotein 2 (SKAP2) indirectly affects actin reunion, which is significantly associated with cell migration. METHODS Twenty women with MA and 20 healthy women who underwent voluntarily induced abortion were included in this study. Immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, and western blotting were used to determine SKAP2, WAVE2, and ARP2 expression in the villous tissues. We investigated the effects of SKAP2 and the W336K mutant (blocked SKAP2 Src homology 3 function) on growth and migration in HTR8/SVneo cells using the CCK8 assay, flow cytometry, and transwell assay. The effects of SKAP2 on the WAVE2-ARP2/3 signaling pathway in HTR8/SVneo cells were evaluated by western blotting and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Compared to the women in the voluntary abortion group, SKAP2 and WAVE2 expression levels were downregulated in the villous of patients with MA. In HTR8/SVneo cells, SKAP2 siRNA silencing regulated the growth and migration, while SKAP2 overexpression promoted growth and migration, and inhibited apoptosis. Additionally, SKAP2 regulated the expression of WAVE2 and ARP2, as well as the colocalization of actin with WAVE2. The SKAP2 W336K mutant could not alter WAVE2 and ARP2 expression, nor HTR8/SVneo cell growth and migration, with or without SKAP2 siRNA transfection. DISCUSSION SKAP2 could activate the WAVE2-ARP2/3 pathway resulting in an increase of growth and migration in trophoblasts. SKAP2 probably played an important role in MA by affecting the growth and migration of trophoblasts.
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Qi Y, Hou Y, Ma M, Li X, Wu J. Circulating levels of Elabela in pregnant women with missed abortion. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38:693-696. [PMID: 35758889 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2022.2090539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThis study aimed to detect Elabela concentrations in the serum of Missed abortion (MA) and compare them with the healthy pregnancies.Materials and methodsThis retrospective case-control study was performed in the second affiliated hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University March 2019 to September 2019. A total of 108 healthy (35 early, 36 middle and 37 late) pregnant women and 25 (early gestational stage) MA patients were involved. Demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. The concentration of plasma Elabela was examined using ELISA.ResultsThe level of plasma Elabela was increased in early and middle stages and decreased in late stage of healthy pregnant women. Maternal serum Elabela levels were significantly lower in MA patients (4.59 ± 1.23 ng/mL) compared to healthy pregnant women (5.77 ± 1.21 ng/mL, p < 0.01).ConclusionMaternal circulating levels of Elabela were significantly lower in MA patients than in healthy pregnant women. We consider that Elabela might be a crucial biomarker of the pathophysiologic process in MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Qi
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuemin Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Miaoyan Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jinfang Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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El Idrissi F, Fruchart M, Belarbi K, Lamer A, Dubois-Deruy E, Lemdani M, N’Guessan AL, Guinhouya BC, Zitouni D. Exploration of the core protein network under endometriosis symptomatology using a computational approach. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:869053. [PMID: 36120440 PMCID: PMC9478376 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.869053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is defined by implantation and invasive growth of endometrial tissue in extra-uterine locations causing heterogeneous symptoms, and a unique clinical picture for each patient. Understanding the complex biological mechanisms underlying these symptoms and the protein networks involved may be useful for early diagnosis and identification of pharmacological targets. METHODS In the present study, we combined three approaches (i) a text-mining analysis to perform a systematic search of proteins over existing literature, (ii) a functional enrichment analysis to identify the biological pathways in which proteins are most involved, and (iii) a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to identify which proteins modulate the most strongly the symptomatology of endometriosis. RESULTS Two hundred seventy-eight proteins associated with endometriosis symptomatology in the scientific literature were extracted. Thirty-five proteins were selected according to degree and betweenness scores criteria. The most enriched biological pathways associated with these symptoms were (i) Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling (p = 1.11 x 10-16), (ii) Signaling by Interleukins (p = 1.11 x 10-16), (iii) Cytokine signaling in Immune system (p = 1.11 x 10-16), and (iv) Interleukin-10 signaling (p = 5.66 x 10-15). CONCLUSION Our study identified some key proteins with the ability to modulate endometriosis symptomatology. Our findings indicate that both pro- and anti-inflammatory biological pathways may play important roles in the symptomatology of endometriosis. This approach represents a genuine systemic method that may complement traditional experimental studies. The current data can be used to identify promising biomarkers for early diagnosis and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima El Idrissi
- Univ. Lille, UFR 3S, Faculté Ingénierie et Management de la Santé, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, UFR 3S, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lille, France
| | - Mathilde Fruchart
- Univ. Lille, UFR 3S, Faculté Ingénierie et Management de la Santé, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694 - METRICS, Lille, France
| | - Karim Belarbi
- Univ. Lille, UFR 3S, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Antoine Lamer
- Univ. Lille, UFR 3S, Faculté Ingénierie et Management de la Santé, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694 - METRICS, Lille, France
| | - Emilie Dubois-Deruy
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France
| | - Mohamed Lemdani
- Univ. Lille, UFR 3S, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694 - METRICS, Lille, France
| | - Assi L. N’Guessan
- Univ. Lille, UMR CNRS 8524, Laboratoire Paul Painlevé, Villeneuve d’Ascq, Cedex, France
| | - Benjamin C. Guinhouya
- Univ. Lille, UFR 3S, Faculté Ingénierie et Management de la Santé, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694 - METRICS, Lille, France
- *Correspondence: Benjamin C. Guinhouya,
| | - Djamel Zitouni
- Univ. Lille, UFR 3S, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694 - METRICS, Lille, France
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Yang Y, Liu H, Zhao Y, Geng C, Chao L, Hao A. Grim-19 deficiency promotes decidual macrophage autophagy in recurrent spontaneous abortion. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1023194. [PMID: 36387896 PMCID: PMC9641028 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1023194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of decidual macrophages leads to the occurrence of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). However, the role of macrophages in RSA occurrence remains unclear. In this study, we found that the expression of Grim-19 was decreased, and the expression of autophagy related proteins Beclin1, LC3B II/I and BNIP3 was markedly upregulated in decidual macrophages of RSA patients compared with the normal pregnancy group. Furthermore, we demonstrated that downregulation of GRIM-19 increased the expression of autophagy related proteins Beclin1, LC3B II/I, BNIP3 and the proinflammatory cytokines IL1B, IL6 and TNFa in uterine mononuclear cells of GRIM-19+/- mice. The proportion of CD45+CD11b+F4/80+LC3B+ cells in GRIM-19+/- mouse uteri was significantly higher than that in WT mouse uteri. In addition, we confirmed that inhibition of Grim-19 by siRNA enhanced the expression of autophagy related proteins in RAW264.7 cells and THP-1 cells. More importantly, downregulation of Grim-19 in RAW264.7 cells promoted the release of proinflammatory cytokines and promoted phagocytic activity, which could be reversed by autophagy blockade. For THP-1-derived macrophages, the results of RNA-seq suggested that Grim-19 mainly modulates immune and inflammatory-related pathways, leading to cytokine production, and thus contributing to inflammation. Therefore, our data reveal that Grim-19 deficiency influences macrophage function, characterized by enhanced proinflammatory cytokines and phagocytic activity, and this might be regulated by autophagy. This may represent a novel mechanism for the occurrence of RSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Haoran Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chen Geng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lan Chao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Aijun Hao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Aijun Hao,
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Liu T, Ma Y, Yin Q, Zhou H, Fang Y. Association of β-arrestin1 and p53-Mdm2 signaling in the development of missed abortion. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47:1675-1685. [PMID: 33611816 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Missed abortion is a peculiar form of spontaneous abortion before 20 weeks' gestation. The definite etiology and pathogenesis are not fully understood. Recent studies have demonstrated that p53/Mdm2-mediated ubiquitination of the IGF-1R may be closely related to G-protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRK)/β-arrestin1 system. Our previous studies have confirmed that the elevated expression of p53 and Mdm2 may be responsible for apoptosis during missed abortion. However, there was no information surrounding β-arrestin1 in missed abortion. METHODS The mRNA levels of β-arrestin1 in villous samples of 30 missed abortion patients and 31 healthy controls were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Immunohistochemistry was used to explore the expression and location of β-arrestin1, p53, Mdm2, VEGF and HIF-lα in trophoblasts. Transwell assays were performed to examine the influences of β-arrestin1 expression on cell invasion. Furthermore, we tested the effect of β-arrestin1 on the expression of p53, Mdm2, ERK, AKT and NF-κB. RESULTS The expression of β-arrestin1 in the villous samples of missed abortion group was dramatically lower than control group by quantitative real-time-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the patients with missed abortion showed significantly higher levels of p53, Mdm2, HIF-lα and lower level of VEGF than healthy controls by immunohistochemistry. Functional studies showed that suppression of β-arrestin1 in HTR-8 cells inhibited cell invasion. The protein expressions of ERK and AKT in HTR-8 cells were significantly downregulated by reducing the expression of β-arrestin1, while the expressions of p53, Mdm2, NF-κB were enhanced. Overexpression of β-arrestin1 exhibited the adverse effect. CONCLUSION Our data indicated that β-arrestin1 play an important role in maintaining the maternal-fetal tolerance, the decreased expression of β-arrestin1 in the villous samples may be related with the development of missed abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuyan Ma
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qihui Yin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huanyu Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Fang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Moon J, Lee SH, Lee SY, Ryu J, Jhun J, Choi J, Kim GN, Roh S, Park SH, Cho ML. GRIM-19 Ameliorates Multiple Sclerosis in a Mouse Model of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis with Reciprocal Regulation of IFNγ/Th1 and IL-17A/Th17 Cells. Immune Netw 2020; 20:e40. [PMID: 33163248 PMCID: PMC7609166 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein encoded by the Gene Associated with Retinoid-Interferon-Induced Mortality-19 (GRIM-19) is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is homologous to the NADH dehydrogenase 1-alpha subcomplex subunit 13 of the electron transport chain. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease that damages the brain and spinal cord. Although both the cause and mechanism of MS progression remain unclear, it is accepted that an immune disorder is involved. We explored whether GRIM-19 ameliorated MS by increasing the levels of inflammatory cytokines and immune cells; we used a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) to this end. Six-to-eight-week-old male C57BL/6, IFNγ-knockout (KO), and GRIM-19 transgenic mice were used; EAE was induced in all strains. A GRIM-19 overexpression vector (GRIM19 OVN) was electrophoretically injected intravenously. The levels of Th1 and Th17 cells were measured via flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemical analysis. IL-17A and IFNγ expression levels were assessed via ELISA and quantitative PCR. IL-17A expression decreased and IFNγ expression increased in EAE mice that received injections of the GRIM19 OVN. GRIM-19 transgenic mice expressed more IFNγ than did wild-type mice; this inhibited EAE development. However, the effect of GRIM-19 overexpression on the EAE of IFNγ-KO mice did not differ from that of the empty vector. GRIM-19 expression was therapeutic for EAE mice, elevating the IFNγ level. GRIM-19 regulated the Th17/Treg cell balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyeon Moon
- Laboratory of Immune Network, Conversant Research Consortium in Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Dental Life Science, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Lee
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Seon-Yeong Lee
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Jaeyoon Ryu
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Jooyeon Jhun
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - JeongWon Choi
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Gyoung Nyun Kim
- College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Sangho Roh
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Dental Life Science, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Mi-La Cho
- Laboratory of Immune Network, Conversant Research Consortium in Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
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Ye M, Shi W, Hao Y, Zhang L, Chen S, Wang L, He X, Li S, Xu C. Associations of mitochondrial DNA copy number and deletion rate with early pregnancy loss. Mitochondrion 2020; 55:48-53. [PMID: 32738357 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Early pregnancy loss (EPL) is a common event worldwide. Previous studies show that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number (CN) is associated with semen parameters and preimplantation embryo viability, indicating the predictive potential of mtDNA CN for ongoing pregnancy outcomes. However, no relevant study has assessed the relationship between mtDNA CN and EPL. Thus, we aimed to determine whether mtDNA CN and mtDNA 4977-bp deletion rate (DR) in chorionic villous tissue are associated with EPL. Chorionic villous tissue total DNA was extracted from 75 EPL cases and 75 healthy controls. Chromosomal analysis was conducted using copy number variation (CNV) sequencing. The mtDNA CN and DR were measured in samples without pathogenic CNVs. The association between mtDNA CN or DR and EPL risk were estimated using logistic regression. The EPL group had a significantly different mtDNA CN (P < 0.001) and DR (P = 0.005) compared to the control group. Both biomarkers were independent risk factors for EPL (CN odds ratio 1.71, 95% confidence interval 1.17 to 2.49, P = 0.005; DR odds ratio 1.07, 95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.12, P = 0.006). These results suggest that higher mtDNA CN and DR levels are strongly associated with EPL and represent independent risk factors for EPL. Further studies validating these findings and exploring the underlying biological mechanisms are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujin Ye
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihui Shi
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhui Hao
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Songchang Chen
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Liya Wang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaoying He
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shuyuan Li
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenming Xu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
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Wang Q, Liu F, Zhao Y, Cui B, Ban Y. Can neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratios be useful markers for predicting missed abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy? J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 46:1702-1710. [PMID: 32588480 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore whether neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) could predict missed abortion (MA) at 7-13 week's gestation. METHODS A total of 363 women with a diagnosis of MA and 232 women with normal pregnancy at 7-13 week's gestation, who visited our hospital from June 2012 to May 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. At 7 week's gestation, total and differential leukocyte counts, NLR and MLR were compared between women with MA (n = 69) and normal controls (n = 53). The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to select the optimal indicator and its cut-off point. The role of the optimal indicator was further assessed at 8-13 week's gestation. RESULTS The mean white blood cell counts, the mean neutrophil counts, the median monocyte counts, the mean NLR and the median MLR in women with MA were significantly lower than those in normal controls (P < 0.05, respectively).The neutrophil counts had the highest area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.772 (95% confidence interval 0.675-0.869) with a cut-off value of 4.870 × 109 /L, and the sensitivity was 72.46%, the specificity was 69.81%, positive predictive value was 75.76%, and negative predictive value was 66.07%. In addition, the neutrophil counts were also significantly lower in MA groups than those in normal controls at 8-13 week's gestation, and all had the highest AUC values. CONCLUSION Neutrophil counts may predict MA in the first trimester of pregnancy, which may provide a promising marker to diagnose missed abortion as early as 7 week's gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjie Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Baoxia Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanli Ban
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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11
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Harmsen MJ, Wong CFC, Mijatovic V, Griffioen AW, Groenman F, Hehenkamp WJK, Huirne JAF. Role of angiogenesis in adenomyosis-associated abnormal uterine bleeding and subfertility: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 25:647-671. [PMID: 31504506 PMCID: PMC6737562 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmz024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenomyosis commonly occurs with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and is associated with subfertility and a higher miscarriage rate. Recent evidence showed abnormal vascularization in the endometrium in patients with adenomyosis, suggesting a role of angiogenesis in the pathophysiology of AUB and subfertility in adenomyosis and providing a possible treatment target. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE We hypothesized that the level of abnormal vascularization and expression of angiogenic markers is increased in the ectopic and eutopic endometrium of adenomyosis patients in comparison with the endometrium of control patients. This was investigated through a search of the literature. SEARCH METHODS A systematic search was performed in PubMed and Embase until February 2019. Combinations of terms for angiogenesis and adenomyosis were applied as well as AUB, subfertility or anti-angiogenic therapy. The main search was limited to clinical studies carried out on premenopausal women. Original research articles focusing on markers of angiogenesis in the endometrium of patients with adenomyosis were included. Studies in which no comparison was made to control patients or which were not published in a peer-reviewed journal were excluded. A second search was performed to explore the therapeutic potential of targeting angiogenesis in adenomyosis. This search also included preclinical studies. OUTCOMES A total of 20 articles out of 1669 hits met our selection criteria. The mean vascular density (MVD) was studied by quantification of CD31, CD34, von Willebrand Factor (vWF) or factor-VIII-antibody-stained microvessels in seven studies. All these studies reported a significantly increased MVD in ectopic endometrium, and out of the six articles that took it into account, four studies reported a significantly increased MVD in eutopic endometrium compared with control endometrium. Five articles showed a significantly higher vascular endothelial growth factor expression in ectopic endometrium and three articles in eutopic endometrium compared with control endometrium. The vascular and pro-angiogenic markers α-smooth muscle actin, endoglin, S100A13, vimentin, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), nuclear factor (NF)-kB, tissue factor (TF), DJ-1, phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin, activin A, folli- and myostatin, CD41, SLIT, roundabout 1 (ROBO1), cyclooxygenase-2, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) 1,4-5, phospho signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-22 and transforming growth factor-β1 were increased in ectopic endometrium, and the markers S100A13, MMP-2 and -9, TF, follistatin, myostatin, ROBO1, LPA1 and 4-5, pSTAT3, IL-6 and IL-22 were increased in eutopic endometrium, compared with control endometrium. The anti-angiogenic markers E-cadherin, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit and gene associated with retinoic-interferon-induced mortality 19 were decreased in ectopic endometrium and IL-10 in eutopic endometrium, compared with control endometrium. The staining level of vWF and two pro-angiogenic markers (NF-κB nuclear p65 and TF) correlated with AUB in patients with adenomyosis. We found no studies that investigated the possible relationship between markers of angiogenesis and subfertility in adenomyosis patients. Nine articles reported on direct or indirect targeting of angiogenesis in adenomyosis-either by testing hormonal therapy or herbal compounds in clinical studies or by testing angiogenesis inhibitors in preclinical studies. However, there are no clinical studies on the effectiveness of such therapy for adenomyosis-related AUB or subfertility. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The results are in agreement with our hypothesis that increased angiogenesis is present in the endometrium of patients with adenomyosis compared with the endometrium of control patients. It is likely that increased angiogenesis leads to fragile and more permeable vessels resulting in adenomyosis-related AUB and possibly subfertility. While this association has not sufficiently been studied yet, our results encourage future studies to investigate the exact role of angiogenesis in the etiology of adenomyosis and related AUB or subfertility in women with adenomyosis in order to design curative or preventive therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa J Harmsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Angiogenesis Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline F C Wong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Angiogenesis Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Velja Mijatovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Freek Groenman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J K Hehenkamp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith A F Huirne
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Zhang X, Zhang K, Zhang Y. Pigment epithelium‑derived factor facilitates NLRP3 inflammasome activation through downregulating cytidine monophosphate kinase 2: A potential treatment strategy for missed abortion. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1436-1446. [PMID: 32323732 PMCID: PMC7138263 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of conditions may underlie the occurrence of missed abortion (MA), including inflammation. Pigment epithelium‑derived factor (PEDF) is a novel mediator of the inflammation‑related nucleotide‑binding oligomerization domain‑like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which is associated with several human diseases. However, the association between MA and NLRP3 inflammasome, and whether PEDF is reduced in MA, remain unknown. In the present study, the decidua and chorion tissues of patients who had suffered a MA were examined, and a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced human chorionic trophoblast HTR8/SVneo cell model was established to mimic MA in vitro. The results revealed that cytidine monophosphate kinase 2 (CMPK2) expression and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, downstream pro‑IL‑18 and pro‑IL‑1β expression, and IL‑18 and IL‑1β release, were all significantly increased in MA tissues or LPS‑induced HTR8/SVneo cells. PEDF reversed the increase in CMPK2 expression and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome axis and, thus, downregulated the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial DNA release, resulting in reduced lactate dehydrogenase release, and a resultant decrease in cell viability. Recovery of CMPK2 expression abolished all the effects of PEDF, indicating that CMPK2 may be an effector downstream of PEDF. PEDF reduced CMPK2 protein levels but did not affect the mRNA levels, and treatment with the proteasomal inhibitor MG132 significantly reversed this reduction in CMPK2 protein levels. Furthermore, a ubiquitination assay of immunoprecipitation demonstrated that CMPK2 was polyubiquitinated in the presence of LPS, PEDF and MG132. These results indicated that the NLRP3 inflammasome is implicated in the pathogenesis of MA, and PEDF may reduce MA through ubiquitin‑dependent proteasomal degradation of CMPK2 to inhibit NLRP3 activation, which may serve as a novel strategy for preventing or reducing the risk of MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai 200050, P.R. China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai 200050, P.R. China
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13
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Tian QX, Xia SH, Wu YH, Zhang JH, Wang LY, Zhu WP. Comprehensive analysis of the differential expression profile of microRNAs in missed abortion. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2019; 36:114-121. [PMID: 31688986 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To screen the key circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in missed abortion (MA) and explore their role in MA process. We examined the miRNA profile from the serum of three MA patients and three early pregnancy induced abortion patients (controls) by next-generation sequencing. We analyzed the target genes of the differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs to analyze the function and pathway enrichment using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, respectively. We validated five candidate miRNAs by real time-qPCR. Integrated miRNA-mRNA-pathway network analysis was performed to show the interaction network of the candidate miRNAs and their target genes of interest with the involved pathways. It was observed that 227 miRNAs were differently expressed between the MA group and the early pregnancy control group, with 58 miRNAs downregulated and 169 miRNAs upregulated in the MA group. Real-time qPCR results revealed that expression of the five candidate miRNAs, namely hsa-miR-22-3p, hsa-miR-145-3p, hsa-miR-107, hsa-miR-361-3p, and hsa-miR-378c, was consistent with the miRNA data obtained by sequencing. Integrated miRNA-mRNA-pathway network analysis illustrated that target genes of the candidate miRNAs were mainly involved in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and VEGF signaling pathway, which would have potential significance in pregnancy and MA. We are the first to reveal the DE miRNAs involved in MA and illustrate their functional interaction network. These results might provide potential circulating biomarkers and new therapeutic targets for MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Xian Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fengcheng Hospital, Fengxian District, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Hua Xia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fengcheng Hospital, Fengxian District, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Hua Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fengcheng Hospital, Fengxian District, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fengcheng Hospital, Fengxian District, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Yun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fengcheng Hospital, Fengxian District, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Pei Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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14
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Yang Y, Cheng L, Deng X, Yu H, Chao L. Expression of GRIM-19 in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion and possible pathogenesis. Mol Hum Reprod 2019; 24:366-374. [PMID: 29741731 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gay020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is aberrant expression of gene associated with retinoid-interferon-induced mortality-19 (GRIM-19) associated with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA)? SUMMARY ANSWER GRIM-19 deficiency may regulate regulatory T cell/T helper 17 cell (Treg/Th17) balance partly through reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling axis in URSA. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Immunological disorders may cause impaired maternal immune tolerance to the fetus and result in fetal rejection. The differentiation of Treg and Th17 cells is controlled by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. GRIM-19 participates in the immune response, but its role in URSA is largely unknown. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The current study included 28 URSA patients and 30 non-pregnant healthy women. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The proportion of Treg and Th17 cells in peripheral blood of URSA patients and control subjects were assessed with flow cytometry. The expression of GRIM-19 in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) was measured with quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis. Furthermore, the ROS level in the PBLs of URSA patients and control subjects were assessed by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining. Then, Akt/mTOR expression in the PBLs was measured. Downregulation of GRIM-19 in Jurkat cells was performed by specific siRNA. Then, intracellular ROS production and the expression of p-mTOR, which is known to enhance Th17 differentiation and decrease Treg cell differentiation, were detected. Finally, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was used to decrease the intracellular ROS level, and the expression of p-mTOR was measured. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The proportion of Treg cells was reduced in URSA patients, whereas the proportion of Th17 cells was increased. The expression of GRIM-19 was significantly lower in PBLs of URSA patients. Furthermore, there is a considerable increase in intracellular ROS production and a high level of p-Akt and p-mTOR expression in the PBLs of URSA patients compared with the control subjects. In parallel to this, downregulation of GRIM-19 in the Jurkat cells by siRNA results in an increased ROS production and an increased expression of p-mTOR. Importantly, the upregulation of p-mTOR resulting from GRIM-19 loss was significantly reversed in the cells treatment with ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), indicating that ROS was indeed required for GRIM-19 depletion induced p-mTOR expression. LARGE SCALE DATA None. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION A large number of researches have confirmed that the differentiation of Treg and Th17 cells is controlled by PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. We have not shown the regulatory role of ROS and PI3K/Akt/mTOR in Treg and Th17 differentiation in this study. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our study has demonstrated that GRIM-19 deficiency may play a role in regulating Treg/Th17 balance partly through ROS-mTOR signaling axis in URSA. The present study offers a new perspective to the roles of GRIM-19 in immunoregulation. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant numbers 81571511, 81701528, 81370711 and 30901603), the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Grant numbers ZR2017PH052 and ZR2013HM090) and the Science Foundation of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University (Grant numbers 2015QLQN50 and 2015QLMS24). The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest that could prejudice the impartiality of the present research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, PR China
| | - Laiyang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, PR China
| | - Hongling Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, PR China
| | - Lan Chao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, PR China
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15
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Xiao Q, Zeng FL, Tang GY, Lei CY, Zou XX, Liu XL, Peng BL, Qin S, Li HX. Expression of galectin-3 and apoptosis in placental villi from patients with missed abortion during early pregnancy. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:2623-2631. [PMID: 30906454 PMCID: PMC6425259 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of a pregnancy relies on moderate trophoblast apoptosis. If the 'inhibition-induction' balance of apoptosis is broken, a pathological pregnancy may occur. Galectin-3 has an important role in numerous biological processes, including tumor cell apoptosis. However, the association between galectin-3 and missed abortion (MA) has remained elusive. In the present study, the mRNA and protein expression levels of galectin-3 in placental villi, and the apoptotic index of placental cells from patients with MA were assessed and compared with those in a normal spontaneous abortion group. The present study investigated the function of galectin-3 in the process of MA and the possible association between placental apoptosis and galectin-3 expression in MA patients. Furthermore, the role of galetin-3 in patients with MA at different times (<4 and >4 weeks) was explored. The present study provided a potential mechanism of MA from a perspective of apoptosis and also provided potential therapeutic approaches to prevent MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China.,Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510627, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Ling Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510627, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Yi Tang
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510627, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Yan Lei
- Department of Research and Development, Guangdong Longsee Biomedical Corporation, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510663, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Xiang Zou
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510627, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Le Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Bi-Ling Peng
- Department of Obstetrics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Qin
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510627, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Xian Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510889, P.R. China
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16
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Yu H, Liu J, Guo H, Chen C, Han Y, Cui Y. Prognostic value of repeated serum kisspeptin measurements in early first trimester pregnancy: a preliminary study. Reprod Biomed Online 2018; 38:465-471. [PMID: 30718048 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION What is the diagnostic value of maternal kisspeptin in patients with asymptomatic first-trimester pregnancies, and what is the prognostic significance of kisspeptin versus beta-HCG in early pregnancies. DESIGN Case-control study in academic medical centres. Patients with no confounding co-morbidities who conceived by IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection were analysed. Maternal serum samples were assessed at the time of pregnancy testing. Women who achieved a positive pregnancy test were asked to take serum samples 4 days later. According to the follow-up results, patients who experienced biochemical pregnancy loss (n = 24) and early miscarriage (n = 21), and women who achieved a viable pregnancy (n = 28), were included in this study. Serum samples were collected to detect kisspeptin and beta-HCG, respectively. RESULTS Single serum determinations of kisspeptin and beta-HCG were correlated with the different pregnancy outcomes. Women who experienced biochemical pregnancy loss showed lower kisspeptin levels than those in groups B and C. No significant difference, however, was observed at the time of pregnancy testing in women who had experienced early miscarriage and those who had achieved viable pregnancy. Sequential measurements of serum kisspeptin are not as effective as beta-HCG in determining pregnancy outcome. Increased kisspeptin level was associated with reduced miscarriage risk. CONCLUSION Single serum measurement of kisspeptin is significantly altered in pregnant and non-pregnant women. However, it failed to discriminate between miscarriage and ongoing pregnancies in first-trimester pregnancy. Neither single nor sequential kisspeptin have higher diagnostic performance for miscarriage than beta-HCG in early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Haipeng Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilong Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqian Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Fang J, Xie B, Chen B, Qiao C, Zheng B, Luan X, Liu J, Yan Y, Zheng Q, Wang M, Chen W, He Z, Shen C, Li H, Chen X, Yu J. Biochemical clinical factors associated with missed abortion independent of maternal age: A retrospective study of 795 cases with missed abortion and 694 cases with normal pregnancy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13573. [PMID: 30558023 PMCID: PMC6320114 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of fertile women with missed abortion dramatically increased in recent years, while very few serum indices have been identified for the diagnosis of missed abortion. The aim of this study was to identify related factors for missed abortion through a retrospective study of serum indices.A total of 795 cases of women with missed abortion and 694 cases of women with normal pregnancy between March 2014 and March 2017 were included in the present study. The diagnosis of missed abortion was based on clinical history, clinical examination, and transvaginal ultrasound findings. The final diagnosis of missed abortion was based on assessment of pregnancy structures (i.e., a gestational sac without fetal heart rate) via transvaginal ultrasound. We evaluated the clinical values of 4 serum indices and their relationship to missed abortion: gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), adenosine deaminase (ADA), and fibrinogen (FIB).The serum levels of GGT, ADA, and FIB showed statistically significant differences comparing women who experienced missed abortion with women who had normal pregnancies (controls). Among women with missed abortion, the levels of GGT and ADA were dramatically increased (GGT: P < .0001; ADA: P = .0459), while FIB levels were slightly lower (P = .0084) compared to controls. The LDH levels exhibited a non-significant trend toward lower levels in the missed abortion group (P = .3951). Interestingly, the observed significant increase in serum GTT levels among women with missed abortion was not affected by maternal age.This study found that GTT may be a useful marker which was associated with missed abortion, indicating its potential clinical roles in missed abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fang
- Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang
| | - Bing Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Fourth People's Hospital of Zhenjiang, Zhenjiang
| | - Binghai Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang
| | - Chen Qiao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang
| | - Bo Zheng
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou
| | - Xiaojin Luan
- Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang
| | - Yidan Yan
- Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang
| | - Qianwen Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang
- Reproductive Sciences Institute of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang
| | - Wanyin Chen
- Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang
| | - Zeyu He
- Department of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang
| | - Cong Shen
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou
| | - Hong Li
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang
- Reproductive Sciences Institute of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang
- Reproductive Sciences Institute of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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18
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Zhi Z, Yang W, Liu L, Jiang X, Pang L. Early missed abortion is associated with villous angiogenesis via the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2018; 298:537-543. [PMID: 29951709 PMCID: PMC6096576 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-018-4802-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To analyze the effects of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway on villous angiogenesis in early missed abortion. Methods Immunohistochemical assays were performed to detect the expression of micro-vessel density (MVD), HIF-1α, and VEGF in villous tissue samples from 30 missed abortions and 30 elective abortions in early pregnancy. We further analyzed the correlation between HIF-1α/VEGF and MVD. HTR8/SVneo cells were cultured under hypoxic (1%) or normoxic (20%) conditions, tube formation was investigated, and protein and mRNA level of HIF-1α/VEGF were determined using western blot and qRT-PCR. Finally, HIF-1α was knocked down with siRNA introduced into HTR8/SVneo cell line under hypoxia, and HIF-1α/VEGF expression and HTR8/SVneo tube formation were investigated. Results The expression of HIF-1α, VEGF, and MVD was lower in the missed abortion than in the elective abortion group. Correlational analysis showed that the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF was positively correlated with MVD in both groups. The levels of HIF-1α/VEGF mRNA and protein in HTR8/SVneo cells were significantly enhanced under hypoxia. HIF-1α knockdown with siRNA inhibited HIF-1α/VEGF mRNA and protein levels of HTR8/SVneo cells induced by hypoxia. Tube formation of HTR8/SVneo cells was significantly enhanced in hypoxic culture and was inhibited by HIF-1α knockdown with siRNA. Conclusions Our results reveal a novel role for HIF-1α/VEGF in regulating villous angiogenesis in early pregnancy and suggest that it may be a novel biomarker for missed abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifu Zhi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenmei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liling Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - XiaoLi Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lihong Pang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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Xia S, Zhen Y, Ma H, Wang A. Abnormal expression of microRNA-575 leads to missed abortion through regulating apoptosis and angiogenesis. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:3993-4000. [PMID: 29104621 PMCID: PMC5658693 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous microRNA (miR) are important for placental development and function. miR-575 has been demonstrated to be upregulated in maternal placenta in patients who have experienced a miscarriage. The present study aimed to explore the role of abnormal expression of miR-575 in missed abortion (MA) and to further analyze the potential molecular mechanisms. Embryo villus tissue samples were extracted from 10 childless women with MA and 10 fertile women without a history of MA. Additionally, human choriocarcinoma cells, JEG-3, were used in the present study, which were transfected with miR-575 mimic, inhibitor and scramble. The expression of miR-575 in embryo villus tissues and in JEG-3 cells was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Apoptosis in villus tissues of patients with MA and in JEG-3 cells of miR-575 mimic, inhibitor and scramble groups were detected by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins, including B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and phosphorylated (p)-p53, and angiogenesis-related proteins, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin 2 (Ang-2), were measured by RT-qPCR and western blotting. Additionally, the target of miR-575 was predicted and clarified by luciferase reporter assay. miR-575 was significantly overexpressed in MA villus tissue compared with normal tissue (P<0.05). The percentage of apoptotic cells in MA embryo villus tissue was significantly higher than that in normal tissue (P<0.05). After JEG-3 cells were transfected with miR-575 inhibitor, the expression of miR-575 and the percentage of apoptotic cells decreased significantly compared with the control (P<0.05). MiR-575 suppression significantly increased the expression of Bcl-2 (P<0.05), and decreased the expressions of Bax (P<0.05) and p-p53 (P<0.01) compared with the control. Furthermore, miR-575 suppression significantly increased the expressions of angiogenesis-related proteins, Ang-2 and VEGF (P<0.01). Superoxide dismutase 2 was identified as the target of miR-575. Therefore, abnormal expression of miR-575 may lead to MA through regulating apoptosis and angiogenesis. Inhibition of miR-575 may inhibit apoptosis and promote angiogenesis in MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqin Xia
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010017, P.R. China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Navy General Hospital PLA China, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Yihui Zhen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Navy General Hospital PLA China, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Hongsheng Ma
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Navy General Hospital PLA China, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Aiming Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010017, P.R. China
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Li Y, Liu X, Sun Y, Liu Y, Wan L, Zhang L, Fang Z, Wei Z, Wang X. The Expression of PDCD4 in Patients With Missed Abortion and Its Clinical Significance. Reprod Sci 2017; 24:1512-1519. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719117692044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xihong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingshun Sun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Medical School, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Wan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lining Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenghui Fang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zengtao Wei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Medical School, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
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Expression of NDUFA13 in asthenozoospermia and possible pathogenesis. Reprod Biomed Online 2016; 34:66-74. [PMID: 27789183 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Asthenozoospermia is a common cause of male infertility, which is characterized by reduced forward motility of spermatozoa. The cause and pathogenesis of asthenozoospermia are not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 13 (NDUFA13) in the spermatozoa of men with asthenozoospermia and its possible pathogenesis. Protein content of NDUFA13 in spermatozoa was measured by Western blot analysis. The results showed that NDUFA13 expression in spermatozoa was significantly lower in men with asthenozoospermic than in men with normozoospermia (P < 0.01). Immunofluorescence experiments showed that NDUFA13 was expressed predominantly in the sperm mid-piece. A lower mitochondrial membrane potential, a higher intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and more apoptotic cells were also detected in men with asthenozoospermia. NDUFA13-specific small interfering RNA was used in the mouse spermatocyte GC2-spd cell line to down-regulate the expression of NDUFA13. The knockdown of NDUFA13 in the GC2-spd cells caused a collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, an increase in ROS level and more apoptotic cells. Our study showed that NDUFA13 deficiency may be associated with asthenozoospermia through the disturbance of spermatozoa mitochondrial membrane potential and by increasing apoptosis and intracellular ROS.
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Peng W, Chen Y, Luo X, Shan N, Lan X, Olson D, Zhang H, Ding YB, Qi HB. DNA methylation-associated repression of MEST/PEG1 expression contributes to the invasion of extravillous trophoblast cells. Placenta 2016; 46:92-101. [PMID: 27697227 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.08.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The invasion of extravillous cytotrophoblasts (EVTs) into the maternal uterine decidua and vasculature is critical for human placenta development and pregnancy maintenance. The imprinted gene MEST/PEG1 has been implicated in trophoblast development; however, the role of MEST in EVT invasion and the accompanying early pregnancy complications are not fully understood. METHODS Western blot, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to detect MEST protein expression and localization by using antibodies recognize 2 reported isoforms. Specific small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting both of the MEST isoforms was applied to silence MEST expression in extravillous explants and HTR8/SVneo cells. Cell invasion and migration were assessed using the Matrigel invasion, Transwell migration assay and the xCELLigence system. Promoter DNA methylation was examined using bisulfite-sequencing polymerase chain reaction (BSP). RESULTS MEST protein was highly expressed in EVTs in the first trimester placenta and in the invasive EVT cell lines HTR-8/Svneo and HPT-8. Weak MEST expression was found in cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) and the choriocarcinoma-derived CTB cell line JEG-3. The specific siRNA knockdown of MEST expression significantly reduced HTR-8/Svneo cell invasion and migration as well as extravillous explant outgrowth, which were associated with the downregulation of Twist, N-cadherin and Vimentin. Decreased MEST protein expression with isoform 2 promoter hypermethylation was observed in the placentas of missed abortions, suggesting a possible pathological mechanism of missed abortion. CONCLUSIONS Suppressed expression of MEST was associated with its isoform 2 promoter hypermethylation ex vivo placenta tissues and in vitro cultured EVT cell lines. The present results provide a possible pathological mechanism of missed abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Canada-China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Canada-China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Canada-China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Nan Shan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Canada-China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xi Lan
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - David Olson
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada; Canada-China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Canada-China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yu-Bin Ding
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Canada-China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Hong-Bo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Canada-China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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