1
|
Perrotta M, Zampino L, Geampana A, Bhide P. Analysing adherence to guidelines for time-lapse imaging information on UK fertility clinic websites. HUM FERTIL 2024; 27:2346595. [PMID: 38769878 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2024.2346595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to systematically analyze the provision of information on Time-lapse Imaging (TLI) by UK fertility clinic websites. We conducted an analysis of 106 clinic websites that offer fertility treatment to self-funded patients. The analysis aimed to examine whether these clinics offer TLI, the associated cost for patients, and the clarity and quality of the provided information. Out of the 106 websites analysed, 71 (67%) claimed to offer TLI. Among these websites, 25 (35.2%) mentioned charging patients between £300 and £850, 25 (35.8%) claimed not to charge patients, and 21 (29.6%) did not provide any cost information for TLI. Furthermore, 64 (90.1%) websites made claims or implied that TLI leads to improved clinical outcomes by enhancing embryo selection. Notably, 34 (47.9%) websites did not mention or provide any links to the HFEA rating system. It is crucial to provide patients with clear and accurate information to enable them to make fully informed decisions about TLI, particularly when they are responsible for the associated costs. The findings of this study raise concerns about the reliability and accuracy of the information available on fertility clinic websites, which are typically the primary source of information for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Perrotta
- Department of People and Organisation, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Letizia Zampino
- Department of People and Organisation, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Social Sciences and Economics, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Priya Bhide
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Si Y, Chen C, Tang Y, Zhang M, Tang J, Pu K. Economic evaluation of GnRH-agonist long protocol and GnRH-antagonist protocol in IVT/ICSI among the Chinese population: using pharmacoeconomic models. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e079715. [PMID: 39153788 PMCID: PMC11331823 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper uses health economics methods to discuss the cost-effectiveness value of long protocol and antagonist protocol for in vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer (ET) in the Chinese population. DESIGN Health economic evaluation study. SETTING The data needed to construct the model for this study were derived from published studies and other secondary sources in China. PARTICIPANTS No patients participated in the study. MEASURES The main outcomes were live birth rate (LBR) and cost. From the societal perspective, we considered the direct and indirect costs over the course of the treatment cycles. A cost-effectiveness was measured using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio and the probability that a protocol has higher net monetary benefit. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to verify the reliability of the simulation results. RESULTS For the Chinese population, the long protocol resulted in a higher LBR than the antagonist protocol (29.33% vs 20.39%), but at the same time, it was more expensive (¥29 146.26 (US$4333.17) vs ¥23 343.70 (US$3470.51)), in the case of considering only one fresh ET cycle. It was the same when considering subsequent frozen ET (FET) cycles (51.78% vs 42.81%; ¥30 703.02 (US$4564.62) vs ¥24 740.95 (US$3678.24)). The results of most subgroups were consistent with the results of the basic analysis. However, for certain populations, the long protocol was the inferior protocol (less effective and more expensive). CONCLUSION For the Chinese population, when the monetary value per live birth was greater than ¥65 420 (US$9726) and ¥66 400 (US$9872), respectively, considering only one fresh cycle and considering subsequent frozen cycles, the long protocol is the preferred protocol. This threshold also varies for women of different ages and ovarian response capacities. For women in POSEIDON (Patient-Oriented Strategies Encompassing IndividualizeD Oocyte Number) group 2, group 3 and group 4, antagonist protocol is recommended as the preferred protocol. The results of this study need to be verified by further large-scale randomised controlled trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Si
- School of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunlan Chen
- School of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yalan Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junying Tang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kexue Pu
- School of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Si Y, Tan T, Pu K. Systematic review of the economic evaluation model of assisted reproductive technology. HEALTH ECONOMICS REVIEW 2024; 14:34. [PMID: 38767759 PMCID: PMC11103951 DOI: 10.1186/s13561-024-00509-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increasing demand for fertility services, it is urgent to select the most cost-effective assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment plan and include it in medical insurance. Economic evaluation reports are an important reference for medical insurance negotiation. The aim of this study is to systematically evaluate the economic evaluation research of ART, analyze the existing shortcomings, and provide a reference for the economic evaluation of ART. METHODS PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and ScienceDirect databases were searched for relevant articles on the economic evaluation of ART. These articles were screened, and their quality was evaluated based on the Comprehensive Health Economics Evaluation Report Standard (CHEERS 2022), and the data on the basic characteristics, model characteristics and other aspects of the included studies were summarized. RESULTS One hundred and two related articles were obtained in the preliminary search, but based on the inclusion criteria, 12 studies were used for the analysis, of which nine used the decision tree model. The model parameters were mainly derived from published literature and included retrospective clinical data of patients. Only two studies included direct non-medical and indirect costs in the cost measurement. Live birth rate was used as an outcome indicator in half of the studies. CONCLUSION Suggesting the setting of the threshold range in the field of fertility should be actively discussed, and the monetary value of each live birth is assumed to be in a certain range when the WTP threshold for fertility is uncertain. The range of the parameter sources should be expanded. Direct non-medical and indirect costs should be included in the calculation of costs, and the analysis should be carried out from the perspective of the whole society. In the evaluation of clinical effect, the effectiveness and safety indexes should be selected for a comprehensive evaluation, thereby making the evaluation more comprehensive and reliable. At least subgroup analysis based on age stratification should be considered in the relevant economic evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Si
- School of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Tao Tan
- Chongqing Health Statistics Information Center, Chongqing, 401120, China.
| | - Kexue Pu
- School of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ong C, Li AD, Marino JL, Peate M. Interventions to improve oncofertility knowledge and decision-making in patients with low health literacy: A systematic review. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2024; 119:108096. [PMID: 38070299 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2023.108096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review of interventions that improve knowledge, health and decision-related outcomes in cancer, fertility or the intersection of both among low health literacy (LHL) patients. METHODS Articles published from 2000 to March 2022 in English were identified through searching MEDLINE, PsycInfo, and Embase databases on 29/03/2022. Studies were independently screened against eligibility criteria and appraised for quality. A narrative synthesis of data was presented. RESULTS Of 235 citations, 11 studies (2585 participants) investigating three categories were included: decision-support tools (n = 8), mobile health applications (n = 2) and communication tools (n = 1). No eligible study was identified for fertility or oncofertility. All interventions integrated multimedia or interactivity to supplement plain-language text. Decision aids and mobile health applications improved knowledge, reduced decisional conflict and increased clarity around cancer-related choices. Overall, findings favoured the use of online interventions tailored for LHL patients. CONCLUSION There is a lack of data on LHL interventions in fertility and oncofertility. In cancer, LHL interventions improved knowledge and decision-making outcomes. The ideal intervention remains inconclusive. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Lack of engagement with LHL needs in oncofertility and fertility settings have implications for informed treatment decision-making. In cancer, further research is required to ascertain most effective intervention format.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Ong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Anna D Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Marino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle Peate
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Choucair F, Atilan O, Almohammadi A, Younis N, Al Hourani A, Curchoe CL, Raad G. Low E-visibility of embryologists on fertility clinic websites: a web-based cross-sectional study. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023; 40:2619-2626. [PMID: 37715874 PMCID: PMC10643726 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02938-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study assessed the visibility of embryologists on fertility clinic websites among Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART) and the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) member clinics. METHODS During a 1-month interval (March 2022), all Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART) and the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) member fertility clinic websites were evaluated. The professional representation of the primary care team was examined including specialties, the presence of headshots, and biographies. RESULTS A total of 446 fertility clinic websites were scanned in the search. The embryology team has the least common professional identification by their names (53.58%) compared to gynecology clinicians (96.21%, p < 0.001) and nurses (55.58%, p < 0.001). This trend also applies to other types of professional identifiers, such as headshots and biographies. Professional headshots of embryologists (50.34%) were less prominent than those of gynecology clinicians (93.51%, p < 0.001). A similar trend was observed in the biographies of the embryology team (47.20%) compared to gynecology clinicians (95.08%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The present study revealed that embryologists have low professional visibility on fertility clinic websites. Fertility clinics may prioritize enhancing the online visibility of their embryology laboratory team. This approach could potentially enhance the recognition of their team, foster transparency, and provide accessible information about the skills and expertise of healthcare professionals involved in the treatment process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Choucair
- Middle East Fertility Society Embryology Special Interest Group, Beirut, Lebanon
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Okan Atilan
- Middle East Fertility Society Embryology Special Interest Group, Beirut, Lebanon
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdulla Almohammadi
- Middle East Fertility Society Embryology Special Interest Group, Beirut, Lebanon
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nagham Younis
- Middle East Fertility Society Embryology Special Interest Group, Beirut, Lebanon
- Ovation Fertility, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Alia Al Hourani
- Middle East Fertility Society Embryology Special Interest Group, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of IVF and Fertility, International Hospital, Al Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - Carol Lynn Curchoe
- Middle East Fertility Society Embryology Special Interest Group, Beirut, Lebanon.
- ART Compass, Newport Beach, CA, USA.
| | - Georges Raad
- Middle East Fertility Society Embryology Special Interest Group, Beirut, Lebanon
- IVF Department, Al Hadi Laboratory and Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aderaldo JF, Rodrigues de Albuquerque BHD, Câmara de Oliveira MTF, de Medeiros Garcia Torres M, Lanza DCF. Main topics in assisted reproductive market: A scoping review. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284099. [PMID: 37527215 PMCID: PMC10393141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infertility affects around 12% of couples, and this proportion has been gradually increasing. In this context, the global assisted reproductive technologies (ART) market shows significant expansion, hovering around USD 26 billion in 2019 and is expected to reach USD 45 billion by 2025. OBJECTIVES We realized a scoping review of the ART market from academic publications, market reports, and specialized media news, to identify the main terms and characterize them into the main topics in the area. DESIGN We apply an LDA topic modeling process to identify the main terms, and clustered them into semantic synonymous topics. We extracted the patterns and information to these topics and purposed a factor/consequence correlation to them. RESULTS We found 2,232 academic papers and selected 632 to include in the automatic term detection. We also included 34 market reports and seven notices produced by specialized enterprises. Were identified 121 most relevant cited terms covering 7,806 citations. These terms were manually aggregated into 10 topics based on semantic similarity: neutral terms (37.2%), economic aspects (17.6%), in vitro fertilization (IVF) commodities & cross-border reproductive care (CBRC) (10.6%), geographic distribution (9.5%), social aspects (7%), regulation (6%), trends & concerns (3.9%), accessibility (3.4%), internet influence (2.9%), and fertility preservation for non-medical reasons (2%). DISCUSSION The analysis indicates a market with expressive complexity. Most terms were associated with more than one topic, indicating the synergism of this market's behavior. Only seven terms related to economic aspects, surrogacy and donation represent around 50% of the citations. Except for the topic formed by generic terms, the topic of the economic aspects was the most represented, reflecting macro perspectives such as a-la-carte standard of treatments, many clinics operating on a small/medium scale, and the recent formation of conglomerates. The IVF commodities & CBRC topic brings an overview of gametes pricing and transnational surrogacy, and its regulation. The topic of geographic distribution indicates that that the Asia-Pacific (APAC) market has the most significant growth potential in all fields. Despite the increase in supply and demand for infertility treatments and technological advances in recent decades, the success rate of IVF cycles remains at around 30%. Terms referring to research and development or technical improvement were not identified in a significant way in this review. CONCLUSIONS The formation of topics by semantic similarity proved to be an initial path for the elaboration of in-depth studies on the dynamics between several factors, for this, we present the panel classifying main terms into factors (demand, pent-up demand, or distributive) or ART market consequences. Through this approach, it was possible to observe that most of the works addresses economic aspects, regulation and geographic aspects and that topics related to research and improvement have not been addressed. In this way, we highlight the need to deepen the analysis of market elements that may be related to increased efficiency of IVF in the technical field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janaina Ferreira Aderaldo
- Applied Molecular Biology Lab (LAPLIC), Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Januário Cicco´s University Hospital (MEJC), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mychelle de Medeiros Garcia Torres
- Applied Molecular Biology Lab (LAPLIC), Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Januário Cicco´s University Hospital (MEJC), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Daniel Carlos Ferreira Lanza
- Applied Molecular Biology Lab (LAPLIC), Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sauerbrun-Cutler MT, Reshef E, Has P, Frishman GN. Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology advertising guidelines: How likely are member clinics to maintain compliance after resolving their violations? F S Rep 2021; 2:327-331. [PMID: 34553159 PMCID: PMC8441565 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfre.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART) member in vitro fertilization centers' compliance with SART’s advertising guidelines after delayed correction of previous violations. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Internet. Patient(s) None. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Clinics that were cited for noncompliance with SART advertising guidelines in 2019 and exceeded the two-week grace period in correcting their violations were studied. These clinics were rereviewed in 2020, at least 6 months after their initial citation, for violations of SART advertising guidelines in all six categories: supplemental data noncompliance, link to SART Clinical Summary Report and disclaimer statement missing, unsubstantiated claims, statements denigrating other clinics, and claims of superiority. Result(s) In 2019, 44 (27%) of 161 of clinics reviewed by the SART advertising committee had at least one violation that was eventually resolved but not within the two-week grace period. On rereview in 2020, one clinic had not renewed its SART membership and 10 (23%) of the remaining 43 clinics were noted to have violations at the subsequent review. Improper presentation of supplemental data was the most common violation category in both the initial review, 32 (73%) of 44 clinics, and on rereview, 7 (70%) of 10 clinics cited a second time for violations. Conclusion(s) Of the in vitro fertilization clinics with previous violations with delayed correction in 2019, 77% were subsequently compliant when reevaluated in 2020, indicating that advertising committee disciplinary and educational measures were largely effective. The most common citation for both years was maintaining consistent and transparent supplemental data on their websites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- May-Tal Sauerbrun-Cutler
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, and Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Eli Reshef
- INTEGRIS Bennett Fertility Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Phinnara Has
- Division of Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, and Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Gary N Frishman
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, and Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lv X, Guan C, Li Y, Su X, Zhang L, Wang X, Xia HF, Ma X. Effects of single and multiple transplantations of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on the recovery of ovarian function in the treatment of premature ovarian failure in mice. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:119. [PMID: 34526090 PMCID: PMC8442267 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00871-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there is no effective treatment for premature ovarian failure (POF), and stem cell therapy is considered the most promising treatment. Human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) have shown good regenerative ability in various diseases, including POF; however, their underlying mechanism and dosage for POF treatment remain unclear. This study aimed to compare the effect of single and multiple injections of hUC-MSCs on ovarian function repair in chemotherapy-induced POF. METHODS Female mice were intraperitoneally injected with 30 mg/kg busulfan and 120 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (CTX) to induce POF. In the single hUC-MSC injection group, hUC-MSCs were transplanted into mice D7 after CTX and busulfan administration, while in the multiple injection group, hUC-MSCs were transplanted on D7, D14, and D21 after CTX and busulfan administration. We evaluated the ovarian morphology, fertility, follicle-stimulating hormone and estradiol concentrations, follicle count, POF model, and cell transplantation results. In addition, real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and miRNA and mRNA chips were used to evaluate the effect of the cell therapy. RESULTS Ovary size, number of follicle at all developmental stages, and fertility were significantly reduced in the POF group compared with the control. Under hUC-MSC treatment, the ovarian morphology and follicle count were significantly restored, and fertility was significantly increased. By comparing the single and multiple hUC-MSC injection groups, we found that the anti-Müllerian hormone and Ki-67 levels were significantly increased in the multiple hUC-MSC group on D60 after chemotherapy. The expression of stimulating hormone receptors, inhibin α, and inhibin β was significantly restored, and the therapeutic effect was superior to that of the single hUC-MSC injection group. CONCLUSION These results indicate that hUC-MSCs can restore the structure of injured ovarian tissue and its function in chemotherapy-induced POF mice and ameliorate fertility. Multiple hUC-MSC transplantations have a better effect on the recovery of ovarian function than single hUC-MSC transplantation in POF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Lv
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of the National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Chunyi Guan
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of the National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ying Li
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of the National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xing Su
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of the National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of the National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xueqin Wang
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of the National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hong-Fei Xia
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of the National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, China. .,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Xu Ma
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of the National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, China. .,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jain T, Reshef E, Lin PC. Fertility clinic advertising in the United States: Is the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology oversight of advertising policy effective? Fertil Steril 2020; 115:72-73. [PMID: 33054979 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Jain
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Eli Reshef
- Bennett Fertility Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and
| | - Paul C Lin
- Seattle Reproductive Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| |
Collapse
|