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Salamatullah AM. Convolvulus arvensis: Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Properties of Chemically Profiled Essential Oils: An Approach against Nosocomial Infections. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12122138. [PMID: 36556503 PMCID: PMC9788032 DOI: 10.3390/life12122138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Convolvulus arvensis is a medicinal plant in the family Convolvulaceae, which is used in traditional phytotherapy. The objective of this work was conducted to valorize essential oils of Convolvulus arvensis (EOCA) in terms of chemical composition, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. To achieve this objective, the chemical composition was performed by the use of GC-SM. Antioxidant power was effectuated by the use of DPPH, FRAP, and TAC assays. Evaluation of the antimicrobial power was conducted against clinically important pathogenic bacteria (E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae, and S. aureus) and fungi (A. niger, C. albicans, and A. flavus) by the use of disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) assays. The results showed that the yield of recovered EOs from Convolvulus arvensis was 0.34% of the total mass of leaves and mainly was rich in cuprenne (34%), thymol (20%), himachalene (16%), and longifolene (10%). Notably, EOCA exhibited important antioxidant effects, wherein IC50 (DPPH) and EC50 (FRAP) were determined to be 30 µg/mL and 120 µg/mL, respectively, while the total antioxidant power was determined to be 508.0 ± 6.0 µg EAA/mg. An important antibacterial effect was noted for EOCA as an excellent inhibition zone was recorded against all bacterial strains, particularly K. pneumoniae and S. aureus with 14.27 ± 0.42 and 21.35 ± 0.76 mm, respectively. Similarly, MICs of K. pneumoniae and S. aureus were 21.35 ± 0.76 mm and 28.62 ± 1.65 µg/mL, respectively. Noticeably, important antifungal activity was shown by EOCA against all fungal strains wherein the inhibition zone diameters against all fungal species ranged from 19.44 ± 1.10 to 20.41 ± 1.81 mm. Notably, MICs of EOCA against F. oxysporum and C. albicans were 18.65 ± 0.94 and 19.38 ± 0.58 g/mL, respectively. The outcome of the present work showed that EOs from Convolvulus arvensis can be used to conceptualize drugs to manage diseases relative to free radicals and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11 P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Antimicrobial Bioactivity and GC-MS Analysis of Different Extracts of Corchorus olitorius L Leaves. ScientificWorldJournal 2022; 2022:3382302. [PMID: 36177438 PMCID: PMC9514938 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3382302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Results Crude extracts of Corchorus olitorius L leaves and their TLC-separated components demonstrated bioactivity against Staphylococcus aureus (14 mm), Streptococcus pneumoniae (16 mm), and Escherichia coli (11 mm) but neither against Candida albicans nor Mycobacteria tuberculosis. However, the overall zones of inhibition were smaller compared to the positive control (≥18 mm). GC-MS analysis of the active components revealed the presence of methyl esters. Conclusion Corchorus olitorius L is bioactive against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria but neither against fungi nor mycobacteria. The bioactivity is attributable to the presence of methyl esters. Since methyl esters already have proven bioactivity in some studies, they could be further studied and optimized for possible pharmaceutical use. Further, to provide a more comprehensive antimicrobial spectrum of Corchorus olitorius L in Uganda, purified active components could be investigated using a wider range of organisms.
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A Comprehensive Review of C. capsularis and C. olitorious: A Source of Nutrition, Essential Phytoconstituents and Pharmacological Activities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071358. [PMID: 35883849 PMCID: PMC9311623 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant bioactive compounds have gained global significance in terms of both medicinal and economic ramifications due to being easily accessible and are believed to be effective with fewer side effects. Growing relevant clinical and scientific evidence has become an important criterion for accepting traditional health claims of medicinal plants and also supports the traditional uses of Corchorus as folk medicine. C. capsularis and C. olitorius have broad applications ranging from textile to biocomposite, and young leaves and shoots are used as healthy vegetables and have long been used as traditional remedies for fever, ascites, algesia, liver disorders, piles, and tumors in many cultures. This review systematically summarized and emphasized the nutritional attributes, mostly available bioactive compounds, and biological and potential pharmaceutical properties of C. capsularis and C. olitorius, disclosed to users and non-users. Results suggest that various phytochemicals such as cardiac glycosides, phenols, flavonoids, sterols, lipids, and fatty acids were found or analytically identified in different plant parts (leaf, stem, seed, and root), and many of them are responsible for pharmacological properties and their antitumor, anticancer, antioxidant, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antiviral, antibacterial, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic and antiobesity, and cardiovascular properties help to prevent and cure many chronic diseases. In addition to their use in traditional food and medicine, their leaves have also been developed for skin care products, and some other possible uses are described. From this review, it is clear that the isolated compounds of both species have great potential to prevent and treat various diseases and be used as functional foods. In conclusion, this comprehensive review establishes a significant reference base for future research into various medical and functional food applications.
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Capturing Dioclea Reflexa Seed Bioactives on Halloysite Nanotubes and pH Dependent Release of Cargo against Breast (MCF-7) Cancers In Vitro. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, optimization parameters were developed to capture plant metabolites from Dioclea Reflexa (DR) seed ex-tracts onto halloysites nanotubes (HNTs). A one-step pool of the crude extracts at neutral pH from the HNT lumen failed to elicit a reduction in breast cancer, Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cell viability. However, the pH-dependent elution of metabolites revealed that the acidic pH samples exhibited profound antiproliferative effects on the cancer cells compared to the basic pH metabolites using both trypan blue dye exclusion assay and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) viability test. pH~5.2 samples demonstrated by half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.8 mg and a cyclic voltammetry oxidation peak potential and current of 234 mV and 0.45 µA, respectively. This indicates that the cancer cells death could be attributed to membrane polarization/depolarization effects of the sample. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) studies confirmed that the plant metabolites affected breast cancer apoptotic signaling pathways of cell death. The studies proved that plant metabolites could be captured using simplified screening procedures for rapid drug discovery purposes. Such procedures, however, would require the integration of affordable analytical tools to test and isolate individual metabolites. Our approach could be an important strategy to create a library and database of bioactive plant metabolites based on pH values.
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Ahmed F. Nutraceutical potential of molokhia ( Corchorus olitorius l.): A versatile green leafy vegetable. Pharmacognosy Res 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_100_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Liposomal drug delivery of Corchorus olitorius leaf extract containing phytol using design of experiment (DoE): In-vitro anticancer and in-vivo anti-inflammatory studies. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 199:111543. [PMID: 33360927 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytol, a pharmacologically active compound present in Corchorus olitorius leaf exhibit a range of activity including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, hepatoprotective etc. However, phytol is poorly soluble and absorbed through the intestine wall, therefore the aim of this study is to develop liposomal drug delivery of Corchorus olitorius leaf extract with an average particle size below 150 nm and drug loading efficiency of ≥ 85 %. The impact of different process parameters and material attributes were studied on the average particle size and polydispersity of liposomal batches using design of experiment (DoE). Corchorus olitorius leaf extraction was performed using maceration method and characterised using GC-MS. Liposomal batches of Corchorus olitorius leaf extract were characterized using Malvern zetasizer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV spectroscopy. The in-vivo anti-inflammatory study of the liposomal preparation of phytol was evaluated using a rat model and in-vitro cancer cell line study was performed on AML and Leukamia cell lines. GC-MS study data showed that phytol is present in C. olitorius leaf extract. Process parameters and material attributes perspective processing temperature, buffer pH and drug: lipid ratio is found as major parameters affecting the average particle size and PDI value of liposomes. Liposomes were prepared in the range of 80-250 nm and optimized batches of liposomes showed drug entrapment efficiency of 60-88 %. In-vivo anti-inflammatory study showed significant activity for C. olitorius leaf extract against carrageenan induced paw edema, which is significantly increased while delivered through liposomes. In-vitro cancer cell line study data suggests that liposomal delivery of phytol was more active at lower concentration compared to pure phytol, for specific cell lines.
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Unveiling Pharmacological Responses and Potential Targets Insights of Identified Bioactive Constituents of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Leaves through In Vivo and In Silico Approaches. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13030050. [PMID: 32245131 PMCID: PMC7151675 DOI: 10.3390/ph13030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. is traditionally used by the indigenous communities of Bangladesh to treat different diseases, such as pain, edema, tumor, jaundice, and skin infections. This study tested neuro-pharmacological, anti-nociceptive, and antidiarrheal activities by in vivo and in silico experiments for the metabolites extracted (methanol) from the leaves of Cuscuta reflexa (MECR). During the anxiolytic evaluation analyzed by elevated plus maze and hole board tests, MECR (200 and 400 mg/kg) exhibited a significant dose-dependent reduction of anxiety-like behavior in mice. Similarly, mice treated with MECR demonstrated a dose-dependent decrease in the time of immobility in both forced swimming and tail suspension tests. In addition, anti-nociceptive activity was assessed by the chemical-induced (acetic acid and formalin) pain models. In both cases, 400 mg/kg was found to be most effective and significantly (p < 0.001) inhibited acetic acid stimulated writhing and formalin-induced licking (pain response) in mice. Furthermore, antidiarrheal efficacy determined by the castor-oil induced diarrheal model manifested an evident inhibition of diarrheal stool frequency. In parallel, previously isolated bioactive compounds were documented based on the biological activities and subjected to in silico studies to correlate with the current pharmacological outcomes. The selected isolated compounds (15) displayed favorable binding affinities to potassium channels, human serotonin receptor, COX-1, COX-2, M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, and 5-HT3 receptor proteins. Additionally, the ADME/T and toxicological properties were justified to unveil their drug-like properties and toxicity level. Overall, Cuscuta reflexa is bioactive and could be a potential source for the development of alternative medicine.
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Nugraha AS, Triatmoko B, Wangchuk P, Keller PA. Vascular Epiphytic Medicinal Plants as Sources of Therapeutic Agents: Their Ethnopharmacological Uses, Chemical Composition, and Biological Activities. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020181. [PMID: 31991657 PMCID: PMC7072150 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This is an extensive review on epiphytic plants that have been used traditionally as medicines. It provides information on 185 epiphytes and their traditional medicinal uses, regions where Indigenous people use the plants, parts of the plants used as medicines and their preparation, and their reported phytochemical properties and pharmacological properties aligned with their traditional uses. These epiphytic medicinal plants are able to produce a range of secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, and a total of 842 phytochemicals have been identified to date. As many as 71 epiphytic medicinal plants were studied for their biological activities, showing promising pharmacological activities, including as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents. There are several species that were not investigated for their activities and are worthy of exploration. These epipythes have the potential to furnish drug lead compounds, especially for treating cancers, and thus warrant indepth investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Satia Nugraha
- Drug Utilisation and Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jember, Jember, Jawa Timur 68121, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: (A.S.N.); (P.A.K.); Tel.: +62-3-3132-4736 (A.S.N.); +61-2-4221-4692 (P.A.K.)
| | - Bawon Triatmoko
- Drug Utilisation and Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jember, Jember, Jawa Timur 68121, Indonesia;
| | - Phurpa Wangchuk
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia;
| | - Paul A. Keller
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, and Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
- Correspondence: (A.S.N.); (P.A.K.); Tel.: +62-3-3132-4736 (A.S.N.); +61-2-4221-4692 (P.A.K.)
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Noureen S, Noreen S, Ghumman SA, Batool F, Bukhari SNA. The genus Cuscuta (Convolvolaceac): An updated review on indigenous uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:1225-1252. [PMID: 32128087 PMCID: PMC7038433 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.35296.8407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cuscuta, commonly known as dodder, is a genus of family convolvolaceace. Approximately 170 species of Cuscuta are extensively distributed in temperate and subtropical areas of the world. Species of this genus are widely used as essential constituents in functional foods and traditional medicinal systems. Various parts of many members of Cuscuta have been found efficacious against a variety of diseases. Phytochemical investigations have confirmed presence of biologically active moieties such as flavonoids, alkaloids, lignans, saponines, phenolics, tannins, and fatty acids. Pharmacological studies and traditional uses of these plants have proved that they are effective antibacterial, antioxidant, antiostioporotic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antipyretic, antihypertensive, analgesic, anti hair fall, and antisteriogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Noureen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Noreen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan
| | | | - Fozia Batool
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan
| | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf, Sakaka2014, Saudi Arabia
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Nooreen Z, Tandon S, Yadav NP, Ahmad A. New chemical constituent from the stem of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. and its biological activities. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:2429-2432. [PMID: 31578883 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1669033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chemical investigations on the stem of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. (Convolvulaceae) led to the isolation of one new compound characterised as 3',4'-dimethoxy-1-phenyl-1α, 2-ethanediol (1), along with eight known compounds as tridecanyl palmitate, palmitic acid, n-pentatriacontane, n-triacont-21, 27-dien-1-ol, kaempherol, chlorogenic acid, 5,7-dimethoxyapigenin and quercitin. The chemical structures were established with the help of physical, chemical and spectroscopic methods. The antimicrobial potential of the new compound (1) was evaluated against three bacterial and three fungal pathogenic strain and showed significant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfa Nooreen
- Process Chemistry and Technology Department, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Sudeep Tandon
- Process Chemistry and Technology Department, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Narayan Prasad Yadav
- Herbal Medicinal Product Department, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Ateeque Ahmad
- Process Chemistry and Technology Department, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
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Youssef AF, Younes NA, Youssef M. Genetic diversity in Corchorus olitorius L. revealed by morphophysiological and molecular analyses. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:2933-2940. [PMID: 30887258 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04754-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of genetic diversity has an efficient role in plant breeding and improvement programs. There is a limit number of investigations dealing with the evaluation of genetic diversity in Jew's mallow (Corchorus olitorius L.), despite its valuable importance as a leafy vegetable and a delicious dish rich in vitamins and antioxidants. Therefore, in this study, 18 landraces of Jew's mallow-collected from different locations in Egypt-were used for genetic diversity assessment based on morphophysiological and molecular evaluations. A high degree of variability was found among the evaluated landraces at both levels, indicating the appropriateness of such collection to be involved in breeding approaches. Some morphophysiological traits offered a high level of diversity and effectively discriminated the landraces. Thus, they are recommended to be used in successive morphological evaluation studies. On the other hand, molecular evaluation using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and the sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) efficiently supported the morphological results by exposing a clear genetic relationship among the landraces. In addition, the principal coordinate analysis based on combined data of RAPD and SRAP divided the landraces into two main groups, reflecting their relationship molecularly. The first group included nine landraces related to Upper Egypt and the second gathered three landraces from Delta, while the other six landraces were distinctly distributed around these two groups. The two groups may have two distinct ancestors in addition to the different ancestors of the scattered landraces. Findings of this study are valuable and could assist in Jew's mallow breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fathy Youssef
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University-Assiut - Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nabil Ahmed Younes
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University-Assiut - Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Youssef
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
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Kumari N, Choudhary SB, Sharma HK, Singh BK, Kumar AA. Health-promoting properties of Corchorus leaves: A review. J Herb Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Azad AK, Laboni FR, Rashid H, Ferdous S, Rashid SS, Kamal N, Labu ZK, Islam MS, Islam Sarker Z. In vitro evaluation of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. for thrombolytic, antioxidant, membrane stabilizing and antimicrobial activities. Nat Prod Res 2018; 34:2394-2397. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1538216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abul Kalam Azad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | | | - Harun Rashid
- Department of Pharmacy, World University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sahena Ferdous
- Faculty of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Shah Samiur Rashid
- Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Nurkhalida Kamal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Cyberjaya University College of Medical Sciences, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zubair Khalid Labu
- Department of Pharmacy, World University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M. S. Islam
- Faculty of Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zaidul Islam Sarker
- Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
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Ahmad A, Tandon S, Xuan TD, Nooreen Z. A Review on Phytoconstituents and Biological activities of Cuscuta species. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 92:772-795. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Tanruean K, Kaewnarin K, Suwannarach N, Lumyong S. Comparative Evaluation of Phytochemicals, and Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activities of Cuscuta reflexa Grown on Different Hosts in Northern Thailand. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time, total phytochemical profiles of methanol crude extracts of Cuscuta reflexa grown on three different hosts, Coccinia grandis, Ficus racemosa and Samanea saman, that were cultivated in northern Thailand were examined, along with their antidiabetic and antioxidant activities. The highest level of total flavonoids (114.4 mg QE/ g extract) and total phenolic content (90.8 mg GAE/ g extract) were observed in the extract of Cu. reflexa that was grown on Co. grandis. The GC-MS results showed that various types of phenolic compounds, hydrocarbons, saturated fatty acids and methyl ester of fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids and methyl ester of fatty acids, vitamin E, terpenes and sterol contained in the extracts of Cu. reflexa were capable of being grown on three hosts. Moreover, the HPLC results showed the presence of gallic acid, catechin, vanillic acid, rutin and quercetin in all Cu. reflexa samples. The extract of Cu. reflexa that was grown on Co. grandis represented the highest antidiabetic activity with a percent inhibition of 51.2. Moreover, the extract also possessed the greatest antioxidant activity (DPPH; IC50 168.6 μg/mL, FRAP; 40.5 mg GAE/ g extract).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerati Tanruean
- Biology Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Muang District, Phitsanulok, Thailand, 65000
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Muang District, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200
| | - Khwanta Kaewnarin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Muang District, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Muang District, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Muang District, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200
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Riaz M, Bilal A, Ali MS, Fatima I, Faisal A, Sherkheli MA, Asghar A. Natural products from Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. with antiproliferation activities in HCT116 colorectal cell lines. Nat Prod Res 2016; 31:583-587. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1198349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of AJK, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Aishah Bilal
- Department of Biology, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shaiq Ali
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Itrat Fatima
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Amir Faisal
- Department of Biology, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Adnan Asghar
- Department of Chemistry, University of AJK, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
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Kuete V, Djeussi DE, Mbaveng AT, Zeino M, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of 15 Cameroonian medicinal plants against drug sensitive and multi-drug resistant cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 186:196-204. [PMID: 27063984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cameroonian medicinal plants are traditionally used to treat many ailments, including cancer and related diseases. Cancer is characterized as a condition with complex signs and symptoms. It has been recommended that ethnopharmacological usages such as immune and skin disorders, inflammatory, infectious, parasitic and viral diseases should be taken into account when selecting plants for anticancer screenings, since these reflect disease states bearing relevance to cancer or cancer-like symptoms. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aims at investigating 20 methanol extracts from 15 Cameroonian medicinal plants on a panel of human cancer cell lines, including various drug-resistant phenotypes. Possible modes of action of the of the most active plant were analyzed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Methanol extracts from different plant parts (leaves, bark, roots, fruits or whole plant) were evaluated for their cytotoxicity using resazurin reduction assay on a panel of nine sensitive and multi-drug resistant (MDR) cancer cell lines. Cell cycle, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS Prescreening of extracts at 80µg/mL showed that 6 extracts out of 20 inhibited more than 50% proliferation of leukemia CCRF-CEM cells; these include extracts from Anthocleista schweinfurthii fruits (ASF; 48.28%), Morus mesozygia bark (MMB; 42.76%), Nauclea latifolia bark (NLB; 38.75%), Tridesmostemon omphalocarpoides bark (TOB; 38.53%), Nauclea latifolia leaves (NLL; 35.17%) and Erythrina sigmoidea bark (ESB; 33.77%). Subsequent investigations revealed IC50 values below or around 20µg/mL for extracts from MMB, NLB, NLL and ESB towards sensitive CCRF-CEM cells and its resistant P-glycoprotein over-expressing subline CEM/ADR5000. The best extract, ESB also displayed IC50 values below 20µg/mL colon carcinoma HCT116 (p53(+/+)) cells with an IC50 value of 19.63µg/mL and it resistant p53 knockout subline HCT116 (p53(-)(/-)) with an IC50 value of 16.22µg/mL. CONCLUSION Erythrina sigmoidea, Anthocleista schweinfurthii, Morus mesozygia, Nauclea latifolia, Tridesmostemon omphalocarpoides used in African traditional medicine are good cytotoxic plants that can be exploited to develop phytomedicine to fight cancers including MDR phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Doriane E Djeussi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Maen Zeino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Islam R, Rahman MS, Rahman SM. GC-MS analysis and antibacterial activity of Cuscuta reflexa against bacterial pathogens. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60804-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zahoor AL, Yaqoob L, Shaukat SK, Aijaz AW, Mohd IR. Hepatoprotective medicinal plants used by the Gond and Bhill tribals of District Raisen Madhya Pradesh, India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/jmpr2015.5764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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20
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Paudel P, Satyal P, Maharjan S, Shrestha N, Setzer WN. Volatile analysis and antimicrobial screening of the parasitic plant Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. from Nepal. Nat Prod Res 2013; 28:106-10. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2013.847440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prajwal Paudel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Prabodh Satyal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Samjhana Maharjan
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Nawal Shrestha
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
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Al Batran R, Al-Bayaty F, Ameen Abdulla M, Jamil Al-Obaidi MM, Hajrezaei M, Hassandarvish P, Fouad M, Golbabapour S, Talaee S. Gastroprotective effects of Corchorus olitorius leaf extract against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal hemorrhagic lesions in rats. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 28:1321-9. [PMID: 23611708 PMCID: PMC3842111 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Corchorus olitorius is a medicinal plant traditionally utilized as an antifertility, anti-convulsive, and purgative agent. This study aimed to evaluate the gastroprotective effect of an ethanolic extract of C. olitorius against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in adult Sprague Dawley rats. METHODS The rats were divided into seven groups according to their pretreatment: an untreated control group, an ulcer control group, a reference control group (20 mg/kg omeprazole), and four experimental groups (50, 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg of extract). Carboxymethyl cellulose was the vehicle for the agents. Prior to the induction of gastric ulcers with absolute ethanol, the rats in each group were pretreated orally. An hour later, the rats were sacrificed, and gastric tissues were collected to evaluate the ulcers and to measure enzymatic activity. The tissues were subjected to histological and immunohistochemical evaluations. RESULTS Compared with the extensive mucosal damage in the ulcer control group, gross evaluation revealed a marked protection of the gastric mucosa in the experimental groups, with significantly preserved gastric wall mucus. In these groups, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05) and reduced (P < 0.05), respectively. In addition to the histologic analyses (HE and periodic acid-Schiff staining), immunohistochemistry confirmed the protection through the upregulation of Hsp70 and the downregulation of Bax proteins. The gastroprotection of the experimental groups was comparable to that of the reference control medicine omeprazole. CONCLUSIONS Our study reports the gastroprotective property of an ethanolic extract of C. olitorius against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal hemorrhagic lesions in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Al Batran
- Center of Studies for Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University Technology MaraShah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fouad Al-Bayaty
- Center of Studies for Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University Technology MaraShah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mahmood Ameen Abdulla
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mazen M Jamil Al-Obaidi
- Center of Studies for Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University Technology MaraShah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maryam Hajrezaei
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pouya Hassandarvish
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mustafa Fouad
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shahram Golbabapour
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Samaneh Talaee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Seukep JA, Fankam AG, Djeussi DE, Voukeng IK, Tankeo SB, Noumdem JAK, Kuete AHLN, Kuete V. Antibacterial activities of the methanol extracts of seven Cameroonian dietary plants against bacteria expressing MDR phenotypes. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:363. [PMID: 23961425 PMCID: PMC3738912 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality caused by bacterial infections significantly increased with resistance to commonly used antibiotics. This is partially due to the activation of efflux pumps in Gram-negative bacteria. The present work designed to assess the in vitro antibacterial activities of seven Cameroonian dietary plants (Sesamum indicum, Sesamum radiatum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Corchous olitorius, Cyperus esculentus, Adansonia digitata, Aframomum kayserianum), against multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria over expressing active efflux pumps. The standard phytochemical methods were used to detect the main classes of secondary metabolites in the extracts. The antibacterial activities of the studied extracts in the absence or presence of an efflux pump inhibitor (PAβN) were evaluated using liquid microbroth dilution method. The results obtained indicated that apart from the extract of C. esculentus, all other samples contained alkaloids, phenols and polyphenols meanwhile other classes of chemicals were selectively present. The studied extracts displayed antibacterial activities with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) values ranged from 64 to 1024 μg/mL on the majority of the 27 tested microbial strains. The extract of S. indicum was active against 77.77% of the tested microorganisms whilst the lowest MIC value (64 μg/mL) was recorded with that of A. kayserianum against E. aerogenes EA294. The results of the present work provide baseline information on the possible used of the tested Cameroonian dietary plants in the treatment of bacterial infections including multi-drug resistant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson A Seukep
- />Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Aimé G Fankam
- />Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Doriane E Djeussi
- />Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Igor K Voukeng
- />Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Simplice B Tankeo
- />Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Jaurès AK Noumdem
- />Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Antoine HLN Kuete
- />Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Victor Kuete
- />Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
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Ullah MO, Haque M, Urmi KF, Zulfiker AHM, Anita ES, Begum M, Hamid K. Anti-bacterial activity and brine shrimp lethality bioassay of methanolic extracts of fourteen different edible vegetables from Bangladesh. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2013; 3:1-7. [PMID: 23570009 PMCID: PMC3609385 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(13)60015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of fourteen different edible vegetables methanolic extract from Bangladesh. METHODS The antibacterial activity was evaluated using disc diffusion assay method against 12 bacteria (both gram positive and gram negative). The plant extracts were also screened for cytotoxic activity using the brine shrimp lethality bioassay method and the lethal concentrations (LC50) were determined at 95% confidence intervals by analyzing the data on a computer loaded with "Finney Programme". RESULTS All the vegetable extracts showed low to elevated levels of antibacterial activity against most of the tested strains (zone of inhibition=5-28 mm). The most active extract against all bacterial strains was from Xanthium indicum which showed remarkable antibacterial activity having the diameter of growth inhibition zone ranging from 12 to 28 mm followed by Alternanthera sessilis (zone of inhibition=6-21 mm). All extracts exhibited considerable general toxicity towards brine shrimps. The LC50 value of the tested extracts was within the range of 8.447 to 60.323 µg/mL with respect to the positive control (vincristine sulphate) which was 0.91 µg/mL. Among all studied extracts, Xanthium indicum displayed the highest cytotoxic effect with LC50 value of 8.447 µg/mL. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present investigation suggest that most of the studied plants are potentially good source of antibacterial and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Obayed Ullah
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Mahmuda Haque
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Momtaj Begum
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Bangladesh
| | - Kaiser Hamid
- Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Bangladesh
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Patel S, Sharma V, Chauhan NS, Dixit VK. An updated review on the parasitic herb of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 10:249-55. [PMID: 22409913 DOI: 10.3736/jcim20120302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. is a golden yellow, leafless, perennial, parasitic herb of the family Convolvulaceae. C. reflexa has been investigated for antispasmodic, hemodynamic, anticonvulsant, anti steroidogenic, antihypertensive, muscle relaxant, cardiotonic, antiviral, antibacterial, antioxidant, cholinergic, diuretic and hair growth activities. Many chemical constituents have been isolated from C. reflexa such as cuscutin, amarbelin, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, kaempferol, dulcitol, myricetin, quercetin, coumarin and oleanolic acid. This review presents a detailed survey of the literature on pharmacognosy, phytochemistry and traditional and biological medicinal uses of C. reflexa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar 470003, India
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Pal D, Mishra P, Sachan N, Ghosh AK. Biological activities and medicinal properties of Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2012; 2:207-14. [PMID: 22247887 PMCID: PMC3255353 DOI: 10.4103/2231-4040.90874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp. (Sanskrit: Adhaki, Hindi: Arhar, English: Pigeon pea, Bengali: Tur) (family: Fabaceae) is the most important grain legume crop of rain-fed agriculture in semi-arid tropics. It is both a food crop and a cover/forage crop with high levels of proteins and important amino acids like methionine, lysine and tryptophan. During the last few decades extensive studies have been carried out regarding the chemistry of C. cajan and considerable progress has been achieved regarding its biological activities and medicinal applications. This review article gives an overview on the biological activities of the compounds isolated, pharmacological actions and clinical studies of C. cajan extracts apart from its general details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilipkumar Pal
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Lodhipur Rajput, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Koca U, Küpeli-Akkol E, Sekeroglu N. Evaluation of in vivo and in vitro Biological Activities of Different Extracts of Cuscuta arvensis. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100601005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the potential effects of extracts from the whole plant of Cuscuta arvensis were studied in mice using the carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model for anti-inflammatory activity and the p-benzoquinone-induced writhing reflex for the assessment of antinociceptive activity. In order to obtain the extracts, the whole plant of C. arvensis was extracted with different solvents such as n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and distilled water. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. The methanolic and water extracts inhibited the carrageenan-induced paw edema and p-benzoquinone-induced writhing reflex, whereas the other extracts showed only mild inhibitory antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in these in vivo models. Additionally, the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts had higher scavenging ability then the non polar extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Koca
- Department of Pharmocognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Etiler-Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Küpeli-Akkol
- Department of Pharmocognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Etiler-Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nazim Sekeroglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Art & Science, Kilis 7 Aralik University, 79000, Kilis, Turkey
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Ogunkanmi L, Okunowo W, Oyelakin O, Oboh B, Adesina O, Adekoya K, Ogundipe O. Assessment of Genetic Relationships Between Two Species of Jute Plants Using Phenotypic and RAPD Markers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/ijb.2010.107.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Rahmatullah M, Sultan S, Toma TT, Lucky SAS, Chowdhury MH, Haque WM, Annay EA, Jahan R. Effect of Cuscuta reflexa stem and Calotropis procera leaf extracts on glucose tolerance in glucose-induced hyperglycemic rats and mice. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2009; 7:109-12. [PMID: 21304621 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v7i2.50864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cuscuta reflexa (whole plant) and Calotropis procera (leaves) are used in folk medicine of Bangladesh to control blood sugar in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus. The hypoglycemic effects of methanol and chloroform extracts of whole plants of Cuscuta reflexa, and methanol extract of leaves of Calotropis procera were investigated in oral glucose tolerance tests in Long Evans rats and Swiss albino mice, respectively. Both methanol and chloroform extracts of Cuscuta reflexa whole plant demonstrated significant oral hypoglycemic activity in glucose-loaded rats at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. The methanol extract of leaves of Calotropis procera, when tested at doses of 100 and 250 mg/kg body weight did not demonstrate any oral hypoglycemic effect when tested in glucose-loaded mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi R/A, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.
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