1
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Zhang P, Gong JS, Xie ZH, Su C, Zhang XM, Rao ZM, Xu ZH, Shi JS. Efficient secretory expression of phospholipase D for the high-yield production of phosphatidylserine and phospholipid derivates from soybean lecithin. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2023; 8:273-280. [PMID: 37033293 PMCID: PMC10073938 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) is an essential biocatalyst for the biological production of phosphatidylserine and phospholipid modification. However, the efficient heterologous expression of PLD is limited by its cell toxicity. In this study, a PLD was secretory expressed efficiently in Bacillus subtilis with an activity around 100 U/mL. A secretory expression system containing the signal peptide SPEstA and the dual-promoter PHpaII-SrfA was established, and the extracellular PLD activity further reached 119.22 U/mL through scale-up fermentation, 191.30-fold higher than that of the control. Under optimum reaction conditions, a 61.61% conversion ratio and 21.07 g/L of phosphatidylserine production were achieved. Finally, the synthesis system of PL derivates was established, which could efficiently synthesis novel PL derivates. The results highlight that the secretory expression system constructed in this study provides a promising PLD producing strain in industrial application, and laid the foundation for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylserine and other PL derivates. As far as we know, this work reports the highest level of extracellular PLD expression to date and the enzymatic production of several PL derivates for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Jin-Song Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing, 214200, PR China
- Corresponding author. Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Hao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Chang Su
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing, 214200, PR China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing, 214200, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ming Rao
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing, 214200, PR China
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing, 214200, PR China
- Corresponding author. Lihu Avenue No. 1800, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China.
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2
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Yin C, Zhang H, Mao X. Cellulose nanofibril-stabilized Pickering emulsion as a high-performance interfacial biocatalysis system for the synthesis of phosphatidylserine. Food Chem 2023; 399:133865. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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3
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Zhang H, Secundo F, Sun J, Mao X. Advances in enzyme biocatalysis for the preparation of functional lipids. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 61:108036. [PMID: 36130694 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Functional lipids, mainly ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA; 22:6n-3), are known to have a variety of health benefits. Lipases and phospholipases are widely used to prepare different forms of structured lipids, since biocatalytic methods can be carried out under mild conditions, preserving the quality of the products. On the other hand, many processes still are conducted at high temperatures and with organic solvents, which are conditions unfavorable for the production of nutritional products. This article gives an updated overview of enzyme biocatalysis methods for the preparation of different derivatives containing n-3 PUFAs, including specific reactions, enzyme immobilization research for high-efficiency catalysis, and enzyme engineering technologies (higher selectivity, stability, and activity). Furthermore, advanced control strategies of biocatalytic processes and reactors are presented. The future prospect and opportunities for marine functional lipids are also discussed. Therefore, the obtainment of enzymes endowed with superior properties and the development of optimized processes, still have to be pursued to achieve greener bio-catalyzed processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Francesco Secundo
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, v. Mario Bianco 9, Milan 20131, Italy
| | - Jianan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Abstract
In recent years, structured phospholipids (SPLs), which are modified phospholipids (PLs), have attracted more attention due to their great potential for application in the field of pharmacy, food, cosmetics, and health. SPLs not only possess enhanced chemical, physical and nutritional properties, but also present superior bioavailability in comparison with other lipid forms, such as triacylglycerols, which make SPLs become more competitive carriers to increase the absorption of the specific fatty acids in the body. Compared with chemical-mediated SPLs, the process of enzyme-mediated SPLs has the advantages of high product variety, high substrate selectivity, and mild operation conditions. Both lipases and phospholipases can be used in the enzymatic production of SPLs, and the main reaction type contains esterification, acidolysis, and transesterification. During the preparation, reaction medium, acyl migration, water content/activity, substrates and enzymes, and some other parameters have significant effects on the production and purity of the desired PLs products. In this paper, the progress in enzymatic modification of PLs over the last 20 years is reviewed. Reaction types and characteristic parameters are summarized in detail and the parameters affecting acyl migration are first discussed to give the inspiration to optimize the enzyme-mediated SPLs preparation. To expand the application of enzyme-mediated SPLs in the future, the prospect of further study on SPLs is also proposed at the end of the paper.
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5
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Designer phospholipids – structural retrieval, chemo-/bio- synthesis and isotopic labeling. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108025. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Chen S, Xiong W, Zhao X, Luo W, Yan X, Lu Y, Chen C, Ling X. Study on the mechanism of efficient extracellular expression of toxic streptomyces phospholipase D in Brevibacillus choshinensis under Mg2+ stress. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:41. [PMID: 35305639 PMCID: PMC8933894 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01770-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Phospholipase D (PLD) has significant advantages in the food and medicine industries due to its unique transphosphatidylation. However, the high heterologous expression of PLD is limited by its cytotoxicity. The present study sought to develop an efficient and extracellular expression system of PLD in the non-pathogenic Brevibacillus choshinensis (B. choshinensis).
Results
The extracellular PLD was effectively expressed by the strong promoter (P2) under Mg2+ stress, with the highest activity of 10 U/mL. The inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) results elucidated that the over-expression of PLD by P2 promoter without Mg2+ stress induced the ionic homeostasis perturbation caused by the highly enhanced Ca2+ influx, leading to cell injury or death. Under Mg2+ stress, Ca2+ influx was significantly inhibited, and the strengths of P2 promoter and HWP gene expression were weakened. The study results revealed that the mechanism of Mg2+ induced cell growth protection and PLD expression might be related to the lowered strength of PLD expression by P2 promoter repression to meet with the secretion efficiency of B. choshinensis, and the redistribution of intracellular ions accompanied by decreased Ca2+ influx.
Conclusions
The PLD production was highly improved under Mg2+ stress. By ICP-MS and qPCR analysis combined with other results, the mechanism of the efficient extracellular PLD expression under Mg2+ stress was demonstrated. The relatively low-speed PLD expression during cell growth alleviated cell growth inhibition and profoundly improved PLD production. These results provided a potential approach for the large-scale production of extracellular PLD and novel insights into PLD function.
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Zhang P, Gong JS, Qin J, Li H, Hou HJ, Zhang XM, Xu ZH, Shi JS. Phospholipids (PLs) know-how: exploring and exploiting phospholipase D for its industrial dissemination. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:1257-1278. [PMID: 33985392 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1921690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their numerous nutritional and bioactive functions, phospholipids (PLs), which are major components of biological membranes in all living organisms, have been widely applied as nutraceuticals, food supplements, and cosmetic ingredients. To date, PLs are extracted solely from soybean or egg yolk, despite the diverse market demands and high cost, owing to a tedious and inefficient manufacturing process. A microbial-based manufacturing process, specifically phospholipase D (PLD)-based biocatalysis and biotransformation process for PLs, has the potential to address several challenges associated with the soybean- or egg yolk-based supply chain. However, poor enzyme properties and inefficient microbial expression systems for PLD limit their wide industrial dissemination. Therefore, sourcing new enzyme variants with improved properties and developing advanced PLD expression systems are important. In the present review, we systematically summarize recent achievements and trends in the discovery, their structural properties, catalytic mechanisms, expression strategies for enhancing PLD production, and its multiple applications in the context of PLs. This review is expected to assist researchers to understand current advances in this field and provide insights for further molecular engineering efforts toward PLD-mediated bioprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Song Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Jiufu Qin
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Juan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
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8
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Zhang H, Li X, Liu Q, Sun J, Secundo F, Mao X. Construction of a Super-Folder Fluorescent Protein-Guided Secretory Expression System for the Production of Phospholipase D in Bacillus subtilis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6842-6849. [PMID: 34124889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipids (PLs) are one of the main ingredients in food and nutraceutical, cosmetics, agriculture, and pharmaceutical products. Phospholipase D (PLD) is a crucial enzyme for the biocatalytic synthesis or modification of PLs. Here, to prepare PLD more efficiently, we constructed a PLD expression and secretion system in Bacillus subtilis and developed an environmentally friendly reaction system. A nonclassical secretory pathway where a super-folder green fluorescent protein plays as an N-terminal guide protein was introduced. This expression system can not only achieve rapid screening of high-level expression strains but can also achieve the secretion of the target proteins. Under optimal fermentation conditions, the enzyme activity of the culture medium was 0.35 U/mL, which was 2.05-fold that of the Sec secretion pathway strains. Meanwhile, the effects of several organic solvents in the biphasic reaction media were compared. The results showed that when using cyclopentyl methyl ether as the organic phase, the final conversion rate reached 96.9%. It has shown good application potential in the synthesis of phosphatidylserine, laid the foundation for the synthesis and application of other rare and high-value PLs, and provided a reference for the production of other biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xuehan Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jianan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Francesco Secundo
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, v. Mario Bianco 9, Milan 20131, Italy
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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Zhang Y, Wu G, Zhang Y, Wang X, Jin Q, Zhang H. Advances in exogenous docosahexaenoic acid-containing phospholipids: Sources, positional isomerism, biological activities, and advantages. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1420-1448. [PMID: 33337094 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, docosahexaenoic acid-containing phospholipids (DHA-PLs) have attracted much attention because of theirs unique health benefits. Compared with other forms of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), DHA-PLs possess superior biological effects (e.g., anticancer, lipid metabolism regulation, visual development, and brain and nervous system biochemical reactions), more intricate metabolism mechanisms, and a stronger attraction to consumer. The production of DHA-PLs is hampered by several challenges associated with the limited content of DHA-PLs in natural sources, incomplete utilization of by-products, few microorganisms for DHA-PLs production, high cost, and complex process of artificial preparation of DHA-PLs. In this article, the sources, biological activities, and commercial applications of DHA-PLs were summarized, with intensive discussions on advantages of DHA-PLs over DHA, isomerism of DHA in phospholipids (PLs), and brain health. The excellent biological characteristics of DHA-PLs are primarily concerned with DHA and PLs. The metabolic fate of different DHA-PLs varies from the position of DHA in PLs to polar groups in DHA-PLs. Overall, well understanding of DHA-PLs about their sources and characteristics is critical to accelerate the production of DHA-PLs, economically enhance the value of DHA-PLs, and improve the applicability of DHA-PLs and the acceptance of consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Gangcheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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10
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Zhang Z, Chen M, Xu W, Zhang W, Zhang T, Guang C, Mu W. Microbial phospholipase D: Identification, modification and application. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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11
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Zhang H, Chu W, Sun J, Liu Z, Huang WC, Xue C, Mao X. A novel autolysis system for extracellular production and direct immobilization of a phospholipase D fused with cellulose binding domain. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:29. [PMID: 31118018 PMCID: PMC6530184 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0519-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several types of phospholipases have been described in phospholipids modification. The majority of phospholipase D (PLD) superfamily members can catalyze two separate reactions: the hydrolysis of phospholipids to produce phosphatidic acid (PA) and the transphosphatidylation of phosphatidyl groups into various phosphatidyl alcohols to produce modified phospholipids. Transphosphatidylation is a useful biocatalytic method for the synthesis of functional phospholipids from lecithin or phosphatidylcholine (PC), which are both easily accessible. Different PLD coding genes have been cloned from various sources from viral, prokaryotic, and eukaryotic organisms. Despite the catalytic potential of PLD, their low productivity has hampered their practical applications, probably because PLD, which is highly toxic to the host cells, when transformation of the PLD genes into the host cells, degrade PLs in the cell membrane. In this study, we designed a novel two-step expression system to produce and secrete recombinant PLD in extracellular medium, cellulose-binding domains as an affinity fused with PLD for immobilization and purification proteins. Results The engineered BL21 (DE3) host strain, which harbored the final expression vector pET28a-PLD-CBD-araC-ESN, was induced by IPTG and L-arabinose, the cell density decreased rapidly over a 2 h period and the enzymes released into the extracellular medium accounts owned 81.75% hydrolytic activity. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that there were obvious structural changes on the cell surface. The extracellularly secreted PLD-CBD powder was used to catalyze the transphosphatidylation reaction synthesis of phosphatidylserine, 2.3 U enzymes reacted for 12 h, during which the conversion rate reached 99% with very few by-products being produced. When the fused protein PLD-CBD immobilized on microcrystalline cellulose, the enzymes can be cycle used five times with 26% conversion rate was preserved. Conclusions This study introduced an effective method for use in the expression of recombinant proteins and their extracellular secretion that simplifies the steps of sonication and purification and demonstrates great potential in the industrial application of enzymes. Cellulose as the most abundant renewable biomass resources in nature, and the cost is low, used for PLD immobilization make it more simple, effective and sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wenqin Chu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jianan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Zhen Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wen-Can Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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12
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Immobilization of Phospholipase D on Silica-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles for the Synthesis of Functional Phosphatidylserine. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9040361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4/SiO2) were synthesized and applied in the immobilization of phospholipase D (PLDa2) via physical adsorption and covalent attachment. The immobilized PLDa2 was applied in the synthesis of functional phosphatidylserine (PS) through a transphophatidylation reaction. The synthesis process and characterizations of the carriers were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The optimum immobilization conditions were evaluated, and the thermal and pH stability of immobilized and free PLDa2 were measured and compared. The tolerance to high temperature of immobilized PLDa2 increased remarkably by 10°C. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of the immobilized PLDa2 remained at 40% after eight recycles, which revealed that silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles have potential application for immobilization and catalytic reactions in a biphasic system.
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13
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Liu Y, Huang L, Fu Y, Zheng D, Ma J, Li Y, Xu Z, Lu F. A novel process for phosphatidylserine production using a Pichia pastoris whole-cell biocatalyst with overexpression of phospholipase D from Streptomyces halstedii in a purely aqueous system. Food Chem 2019; 274:535-542. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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14
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Cao K, Liu Y, Tian Y, Zhang Q, Cong P, Li H, Xu J, Li Z, Wang J, Mao X, Xue C. Reaction Specificity of Phospholipase D Prepared from Acinetobacter radioresistens a2 in Transphosphatidylation. Lipids 2018; 53:517-526. [PMID: 30071133 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) can react with phospholipids as substrates, generally phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), and the PLD-substrate intermediate can be cleaved by another alcohol, resulting in transphosphatidylation of the substrate, which can be used in the production of special lipids. In this study, the reaction conditions affecting the transphosphatidylation of PtdCho with serine were optimized and the reaction specificity of a novel PLD prepared from Acinetobacter radioresistens a2 was evaluated for transphosphatidylation with a variety of phospholipid substrates and head group donors. Based on the yield of phosphatidylserine, experimental kinetic data, maximum transphosphatidylation rate, and kinetic constant, the specificity of PLD in transphosphatidylation was found to be affected by unsaturated fatty-acid phospholipid substrates. The catalytic efficiency of PLD prepared from A. radioresistens a2 on the synthesis of natural phospholipids is on the order of l-serine > ethanolamine and glycerol ≫ inositol. Moreover, it was found that the transphosphatidylation of PtdCho with saccharides was related to the length of the carbon chain and the number of saccharide units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yingying Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, National Laboratory Marine Science and Technology, 23 Hong Kong east Road, 266071, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Peixu Cong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhaojie Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, National Laboratory Marine Science and Technology, 23 Hong Kong east Road, 266071, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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Identification of a novel phospholipase D with high transphosphatidylation activity and its application in synthesis of phosphatidylserine and DHA-phosphatidylserine. J Biotechnol 2017; 249:51-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Inoue A, Adachi M, Damnjanović J, Nakano H, Iwasaki Y. Direct Enzymatic Synthesis of 1-Phosphatidyl-β-D-glucose by Engineered Phospholipase D. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arisa Inoue
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology; Department of Bioengineering Sciences; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Masaatsu Adachi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Jasmina Damnjanović
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology; Department of Bioengineering Sciences; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Hideo Nakano
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology; Department of Bioengineering Sciences; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Yugo Iwasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology; Department of Bioengineering Sciences; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
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17
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Hama S, Ogino C, Kondo A. Enzymatic synthesis and modification of structured phospholipids: recent advances in enzyme preparation and biocatalytic processes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:7879-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Song S, Cheong LZ, Falkeborg M, Liu L, Dong M, Jensen HM, Bertelsen K, Thorsen M, Tan T, Xu X, Guo Z. Facile synthesis of phosphatidyl saccharides for preparation of anionic nanoliposomes with enhanced stability. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73891. [PMID: 24069243 PMCID: PMC3771975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical stability during storage and against processing such as dehyration/rehydration are the cornerstone in designing delivery vehicles. In this work, mono-, di- and tri-saccharides were enzymatically conjugated to phosphatidyl group through a facile approach namely phospholipase D (PLD) mediated transphosphatidylation in a biphasic reaction system. The purified products were structurally identified and the connectivities of carbohydrate to phosphatidyl moiety precisely mapped by (1)H, (31)P, (13)C NMR pulse sequences and LC-ESI-FTMS. The synthetic phosphatidyl saccharides were employed as the sole biomimetic component for preparation of nanoliposomes. It was found that the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of phosphatidyl saccharides increases as more bulky sugar moiety (mono- to tri-) is introduced. Phosphatidyl di-saccharide had the largest membrane curvature. In comparison to the zwitterionic phosphatidylcholine liposome, all phosphatidyl saccharides liposomes are anionic and demonstrated significantly enhanced stability during storage. According to the confocal laser scan microscopy (CLSM) and atom force microscopy (AFM) analyses, the nanoliposomes formed by the synthetic phosphatidyl saccharides also show excellent stability against dehydration/rehydration process in which most of the liposomal structures remained intact. The abundance hydroxyl groups in the saccharide moieties might provide sufficient H-bondings for stabilization. This work demonstrated the synthesized phosphatidyl saccharides are capable of functioning as enzymatically liable materials which can form stable nanoliposomes without addition of stabilizing excipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Song
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Cheong
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mia Falkeborg
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lei Liu
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mingdong Dong
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Michael Thorsen
- Advanced Analysis, DuPont Nutrition & Health, Brabrand, Denmark
| | - Tianwei Tan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (ZG); (TT)
| | - Xuebing Xu
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- * E-mail: (ZG); (TT)
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Phospholipase D as a catalyst: application in phospholipid synthesis, molecular structure and protein engineering. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 116:271-80. [PMID: 23639419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) is a useful enzyme for its transphosphatidylation activity, which enables the enzymatic synthesis of various phospholipids (PLs). Many reports exist on PLD-mediated synthesis of natural and tailor-made PLs with functional head groups, from easily available lecithin or phosphatidylcholine. Early studies on PLD-mediated synthesis mainly employed enzymes of plant origin, which were later supplanted by ones from microorganisms, especially actinomycetes. Many PLDs are members of the PLD superfamily, having one or two copies of a signature sequence, HxKxxxxD or HKD motif, in the primary structures. PLD superfamily members share a common core structure, and thereby, a common catalytic mechanism. The catalysis proceeds via two-step reaction with the formation of phosphatidyl-enzyme intermediate. Both of the two catalytic His residues are critical in the reaction course, where one acts as a nucleophile, while the other functions as a general acid/base. PLD is being engineered to improve its activity and stability, alter head group specificity and further identify catalytically important residues. Since the knowledge on PLD enzymology is constantly expanding, this review focuses on recent advances in the field, regarding PLD-catalyzed synthesis of bioactive PLs, deeper understanding of substrate recognition and binding mechanism, altering substrate specificity, and improving thermostability. We introduced some of our recent results in combination with existing facts to further deepen the story on the nature of this useful enzyme.
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