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Kang M, Wang H, Chen C, Suo R, Sun J, Yue Q, Liu Y. Analytical strategies based on untargeted and targeted metabolomics for the accurate authentication of organic milk from Jersey and Yak. Food Chem X 2023; 19:100786. [PMID: 37780248 PMCID: PMC10534096 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic milk has a high risk of food fraud as it can easily be adulterated with non-organic milk. This study aimed to identify metabolite markers for assessing the authenticity of organic milk from Jersey and Yak. In the untargeted strategy, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-Q Exactive HF-X mass spectrometer coupled with chemometrics analysis was used to screen and identify tentative markers of organic milk from Jersey and Yak. In the targeted strategy, a quick and easy method of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed to quantify three markers. The peptide of Thr-Ala-Val and D-biotin were determined to be metabolite markers for distinguishing organic and non-organic Jersey milk, whereas trimethylamine N-oxide was determined to be a metabolite marker for distinguishing organic and non-organic Yak milk. These findings provide critical information to facilitate assessments of organic milk authenticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, 289th Lingyusi Street, Lianchi District, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, 289th Lingyusi Street, Lianchi District, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Chuxin Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, 289th Lingyusi Street, Lianchi District, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Ran Suo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, 289th Lingyusi Street, Lianchi District, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jianfeng Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, 289th Lingyusi Street, Lianchi District, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Quanhong Yue
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, 289th Lingyusi Street, Lianchi District, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yaqiong Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, 289th Lingyusi Street, Lianchi District, Baoding 071000, China
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Varrà MO, Zanardi E, Serra M, Conter M, Ianieri A, Ghidini S. Isotope Fingerprinting as a Backup for Modern Safety and Traceability Systems in the Animal-Derived Food Chain. Molecules 2023; 28:4300. [PMID: 37298773 PMCID: PMC10254398 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, due to the globalization of food trade and certified agro-food products, the authenticity and traceability of food have received increasing attention. As a result, opportunities for fraudulent practices arise, highlighting the need to protect consumers from economic and health damages. In this regard, specific analytical techniques have been optimized and implemented to support the integrity of the food chain, such as those targeting different isotopes and their ratios. This review article explores the scientific progress of the last decade in the study of the isotopic identity card of food of animal origin, provides the reader with an overview of its application, and focuses on whether the combination of isotopes with other markers increases confidence and robustness in food authenticity testing. To this purpose, a total of 135 studies analyzing fish and seafood, meat, eggs, milk, and dairy products, and aiming to examine the relation between isotopic ratios and the geographical provenance, feeding regime, production method, and seasonality were reviewed. Current trends and major research achievements in the field were discussed and commented on in detail, pointing out advantages and drawbacks typically associated with this analytical approach and arguing future improvements and changes that need to be made to recognize it as a standard and validated method for fraud mitigation and safety control in the sector of food of animal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Olga Varrà
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Emanuela Zanardi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Serra
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Mauro Conter
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Adriana Ianieri
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Sergio Ghidini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
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3
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Dou X, Zhang L, Yang R, Wang X, Yu L, Yue X, Ma F, Mao J, Wang X, Zhang W, Li P. Mass spectrometry in food authentication and origin traceability. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022:e21779. [PMID: 35532212 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Food authentication and origin traceability are popular research topics, especially as concerns about food quality continue to increase. Mass spectrometry (MS) plays an indispensable role in food authentication and origin traceability. In this review, the applications of MS in food authentication and origin traceability by analyzing the main components and chemical fingerprints or profiles are summarized. In addition, the characteristic markers for food authentication are also reviewed, and the advantages and disadvantages of MS-based techniques for food authentication, as well as the current trends and challenges, are discussed. The fingerprinting and profiling methods, in combination with multivariate statistical analysis, are more suitable for the authentication of high-value foods, while characteristic marker-based methods are more suitable for adulteration detection. Several new techniques have been introduced to the field, such as proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry, ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AIMS), and ion mobility mass spectrometry, for the determination of food adulteration due to their fast and convenient analysis. As an important trend, the miniaturization of MS offers advantages, such as small and portable instrumentation and fast and nondestructive analysis. Moreover, many applications in food authentication are using AIMS, which can help food authentication in food inspection/field analysis. This review provides a reference and guide for food authentication and traceability based on MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjing Dou
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Liangxiao Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruinan Yang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Yu
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yue
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Mao
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiupin Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
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Schipilliti L, Bonaccorsi I, Consolo G, Mondello L. Isotopic and Statistical Methods for the Traceability of Milk and Dairy Products. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02258-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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O'Sullivan R, Schmidt O, Monahan FJ. Stable isotope ratio analysis for the authentication of milk and dairy ingredients: A review. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Liu N, Pustjens AM, Erasmus SW, Yang Y, Hettinga K, van Ruth SM. Dairy farming system markers: The correlation of forage and milk fatty acid profiles from organic, pasture and conventional systems in the Netherlands. Food Chem 2020; 314:126153. [PMID: 31986340 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.126153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The relationships between the fatty acid (FA) composition in forage and milk (F&M) from different dairy systems were investigated. Eighty milk samples and 91 forage samples were collected from 40 farms (19 organic, 11 pasture and 10 conventional) in the Netherlands, during winter and summer. The FA profiles of F&M samples were measured with gas chromatography. The results showed that the F&M of organic farms were significantly differentiated from the F&M of other farms, both in summer and winter. The differences are likely due to the different grazing strategies in summer and different forage composition in winter. The Pearson's correlation results showed the specific relationship between individual FAs in forages and related milk. A PLS-DA model was applied to classify all milks samples, resulting in 87.5% and 83.3% correct classifications of training set and validation set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjing Liu
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands; Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke M Pustjens
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sara W Erasmus
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yuzheng Yang
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands; Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kasper Hettinga
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia M van Ruth
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands; Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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8
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Application of isotopic and elemental fingerprints in identifying the geographical origin of goat milk in China. Food Chem 2019; 277:448-454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Chung IM, Kim JK, Yarnes CT, An YJ, Kwon C, Kim SY, Yang YJ, Chi HY, Kim SH. Fatty Acid- and Amino Acid-Specific Isotope Analysis for Accurate Authentication and Traceability in Organic Milk. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:711-722. [PMID: 30543294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes compound-specific δ13C and δ15N analyses of fatty acids and amino acids for improving the accurate authentication of organic milk (OM) against conventional milk (CM) collected in Korea. Most δ13Cfatty-acid and δ13Camino-acid values were lower in OM than in CM ( P < 0.05); however, most δ15Namino-acid values displayed weak discriminative power for OM authentication. Higher isotopic fractionation was observed in δ13Cfatty-acid than in δ13Camino-acid and δ15Namino-acid, with fractionation trends differing with individual amino acids. In particular, δ13Clinoleic-acid of -33.5‰ and δ13Cmyristic-acid of -28‰ were determined to be promising year-round threshold values for Korean OM authentication. The δ13Cbulk was highly correlated with δ13CAla ( r = 0.92) and δ13Coleic-acid, trans ( r = 0.77), and strong positive correlations were observed between δ13CVal and δ13CIle ( r = 0.98) and between δ15NThr and δ15NSer ( r = 0.90). Chemometric modeling for OM authentication produced a high quality model ( R2 X = 0.547, R2 Y = 0.865, and Q2 = 0.689) with reliable chemical markers, notably δ13Cmyristic-acid, δ13Clinoleic-acid, and δ13Cstearic-acid. Furthermore, the models developed for seasonal separation in OM ( Q2 = 0.954) and CM ( Q2 = 0.791) were of good quality. Our findings, based on compound-specific isotope data, improve the reliability of OM authentication in cases where bulk stable isotope ratio analysis alone is insufficient. They also provide valuable insight into the control of fraudulent OM labeling in Korea, with potential application in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering , Incheon National University , Incheon 406-772 , Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher T Yarnes
- UC Davis Stable Isotope Facility , University of California, Davis , 1 Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Yeon-Ju An
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Kwon
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yeon Kim
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Yang
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Youn Chi
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Republic of Korea
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Alewijn M, Wehrens R, van Ruth SM. Robust detection methodology of milk heat treatment in cheese based on volatile profile fingerprinting. Int Dairy J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Creydt M, Fischer M. Omics approaches for food authentication. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1569-1581. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Creydt
- Hamburg School of Food Science; Institute of Food Chemistry; University of Hamburg; Hamburg Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science; Institute of Food Chemistry; University of Hamburg; Hamburg Germany
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12
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Bostic JN, Hagopian WM, Jahren AH. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in U.S. milk: Insight into production process. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:561-566. [PMID: 29380915 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Stable isotope analysis (SIA), a potential method of verifying the geographic origin and production method of dairy products, has not been applied to United States (U.S.) dairy samples on a national scale. To determine the potential of carbon and nitrogen SIA in authenticity assessment of U.S. dairy products, we analyzed a geographically representative collection of conventional milk samples to determine isotopic variations with (1) Purchase Location and (2) Macronutrient Content. METHODS A total of 136 milk samples spanning five commercially available varieties (3.25% [i.e., 'whole'], 2%, 1%, 0% [i.e., 'skim'] and 1% chocolate) were collected from randomly selected counties across the U.S. as part of the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA's) National Food and Nutrient Analysis program. δ13 C and δ15 N values of bulk samples determined via elemental analysis/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA/IRMS) were used to assess the contribution of fat content, added sugar content and census-designated region of collection to isotopic variations within the dataset. RESULTS There was a negative linear relationship between fat content and δ13 C values, with average milk δ13 C values decreasing by 0.33‰ for each 8.75% increase in dry weight (1% wet weight) fat content. The average δ13 C value of flavored 1% chocolate milk samples, which contain an additional 12 g of added sugar, was 2.05‰ higher than that of 1% unflavored milk (-16.47‰ for chocolate milk vs -18.52‰ for unflavored milk). When controlling for macronutrient content, milk samples collected in West region supermarkets possessed significantly lower δ13 C values than samples collected from Midwest, South, and Northeast regions. δ15 N values did not vary with macronutrient content or region of collection. CONCLUSIONS Carbon stable isotope ratios in U.S. milk samples varied with macronutrient content and region of purchase, suggesting that SIA can provide insight into production processes within the U.S. dairy industry, with potential applications in national food adulteration and authentication efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua N Bostic
- Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics, University of Oslo, N-0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - William M Hagopian
- Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics, University of Oslo, N-0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Hope Jahren
- Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics, University of Oslo, N-0315, Oslo, Norway
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Discrimination of organic milk by stable isotope ratio, vitamin E, and fatty acid profiling combined with multivariate analysis: A case study of monthly and seasonal variation in Korea for 2016-2017. Food Chem 2018; 261:112-123. [PMID: 29739571 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the monthly and seasonal variations of δ13C, δ15N, fatty acids (FAs), and vitamin E in organic milk (OM) and conventional milk (CM) collected in Korea during 2016-2017, discriminating OM authenticity with chemometric approaches. Compared to CM, the mean δ13C and δ15N values were lower in OM, whereas the mean α-tocopherol and nutritionally desirable FA contents were higher in OM. Furthermore, δ13C, δ15N, and FA contents vary significantly with the season in OM, whereas α-tocopherol does not show a specific seasonal trend in either OM or CM. Chemometric approaches provided reliable chemical markers, notably C18:3n-3, C18:2n-6, and δ13Cbulk-milk, for accurate OM discrimination according to sampling season. Our findings elucidate milk nutritional quality issues and also provide valuable insight into the control of fraudulent OM labeling in Korea, with potential application in other countries.
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Pustjens AM, Boerrigter-Eenling R, Koot AH, Rozijn M, van Ruth SM. Characterization of Retail Conventional, Organic, and Grass Full-Fat Butters by Their Fat Contents, Free Fatty Acid Contents, and Triglyceride and Fatty Acid Profiling. Foods 2017; 6:foods6040026. [PMID: 28362343 PMCID: PMC5409314 DOI: 10.3390/foods6040026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Netherlands, butter is produced from milk originating from three different production systems: conventional, organic, and grass-fed cows. The aim of the current study was to characterize these types of butters, and pinpoint distinct compositional differences. Retail conventional (n = 28), organic (n = 14), and grass (n = 12) full-fat butters were collected during the winter and summer seasons. Samples were analyzed for their fat content, free fatty acid (FFA) content, and triglyceride (TG) and fatty acid (FA) profiles. The fat content was significantly lower in conventional butters than in organic butters and the FFA content was significantly lower in conventional butters compared with grass butters. Also, organic butters differed significantly from their conventional counterparts with regard to their TG and FA profiles. The TG profiles of the organic and grass butters did not differ significantly. The FA profiles of grass butters were less distinct, since only a few FAs differed significantly from conventional (six FAs) and organic (eight FAs) butters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke M Pustjens
- RIKILT Wageningen Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Rita Boerrigter-Eenling
- RIKILT Wageningen Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Alex H Koot
- RIKILT Wageningen Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Maikel Rozijn
- RIKILT Wageningen Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Saskia M van Ruth
- RIKILT Wageningen Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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15
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Effect of organic and conventional rearing system on the mineral content of pork. Meat Sci 2016; 118:103-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Camin F, Bontempo L, Perini M, Piasentier E. Stable Isotope Ratio Analysis for Assessing the Authenticity of Food of Animal Origin. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2016; 15:868-877. [PMID: 33401802 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The main elemental constituents (H, C, N, O, and S) of bio-organic material have different stable isotopes (2 H, 1 H; 13 C,12 C; 15 N,14 N; 18 O,17 O,16 O; 36 S, 34 S, 33 S, and 32 S). Isotopic ratios can be measured precisely and accurately using dedicated analytical techniques such as isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Analysis of these ratios shows potential for assessing the authenticity of food of animal origin. In this review, IRMS analysis of food of animal origin and variability factors related to stable isotope ratios in animals are described. The study also lists examples of application of stable isotope ratio analysis to meat, dairy products, fish, and shellfish and emphasizes the strengths and weaknesses of the technique. Geographical, climatic, pedological, geological, botanical, and agricultural factors affect the stable isotope ratios (SIR) of bio-elements, and SIR variations are ultimately incorporated into animal tissue through eating, drinking, breathing, and exchange with the environment, being recorded in the resulting foods. SIR analysis was capable of determining geographical origin, animal diet, and the production system (such as organic/conventional or wild/farmed) for pork, beef, lamb, poultry, milk, butter, cheese, fish, and shellfish. In the case of the hard PDO (protected designations of origin) cheeses Grana Padano and Parmigiano Reggiano it is also used in real-life situations to assess the authenticity of grated and shredded cheese on the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Camin
- Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, I-38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Luana Bontempo
- Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, I-38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Matteo Perini
- Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, I-38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Edi Piasentier
- Dept. of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, Univ. of Udine, Via Sondrio 2A, 33100, Udine, Italy
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Schwarzenbolz U, Hofmann T, Sparmann N, Henle T. Free Maillard Reaction Products in Milk Reflect Nutritional Intake of Glycated Proteins and Can Be Used to Distinguish "Organic" and "Conventionally" Produced Milk. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5071-5078. [PMID: 27213835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Using LC-MS/MS and isotopically labeled standard substances, quantitation of free Maillard reaction products (MRPs), namely, N(ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), 5-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde (pyrraline, PYR), N(δ)-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl)-ornithine (MG-H), and N(ε)-fructosyllysine (FL), in bovine milk was achieved. Considerable variations in the amounts of the individual MRPs were found, most likely as a consequence of the nutritional uptake of glycated proteins. When comparing commercial milk samples labeled as originating from "organic" or "conventional" farming, respectively, significant differences in the content of free PYR (organic milk, 20-300 pmol/mL; conventional milk, 400-1000 pmol/mL) were observed. An analysis of feed samples indicated that rapeseed and sugar beet are the main sources for MRPs in conventional farming. Furthermore, milk of different dairy animals (cow, buffalo, donkey, goat, ewe, mare, camel) as well as for the first time human milk was analyzed for free MRPs. The distribution of their concentrations, with FL and PYR as the most abundant in human milk and with a high individual variability, also points to a nutritional influence. As the components of concentrated feed do not belong to the natural food sources of ruminants and equidae, free MRPs in milk might serve as indicators for an adequate animal feeding in near-natural farming and can be suitable parameters to distinguish between an "organic" and "conventional" production method of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Schwarzenbolz
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden , D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden , D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nina Sparmann
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden , D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Henle
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden , D-01062 Dresden, Germany
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Chung IM, Kim JK, Park I, Oh JY, Kim SH. Effects of milk type, production month, and brand on fatty acid composition: A case study in Korea. Food Chem 2016; 196:138-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Multi-Element (C, N, H, O) Stable Isotope Ratio Analysis for Determining the Geographical Origin of Pure Milk from Different Regions. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Inácio CT, Chalk PM. Principles and limitations of stable isotopes in differentiating organic and conventional foodstuffs: 2. Animal products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 57:181-196. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.887056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Charlebois S, Haratifar S. The perceived value of dairy product traceability in modern society: An exploratory study. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:3514-25. [PMID: 25722000 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-9247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The current study assessed the perceived value of food traceability in modern society by young consumers. After experiencing numerous recalls and food safety-related incidences, consumers are increasingly aware of the tools available to mitigate risks. Food traceability has been associated with food safety procedures for many years, but recent high-profile cases of food fraud around the world have given traceability a different strategic purpose. Focusing solely on dairy products, our survey results offer a glimpse of consumer perceptions of traceability as a means to preserve food integrity and authenticity. This study explored the various influences that market-oriented traceability has had on dairy consumers. For example, results show that if the dairy sector could guarantee that their product is in fact organic, 53.8% of respondents who often purchase organic milk would consider always purchasing traceable organic milk. This research produced a quantitative set of information related to the perceived value of food traceability, which could be useful for the creation and development of improved guidelines and better education for consumers. We discuss limitations and suggest areas for new research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Charlebois
- College of Business and Economics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
| | - Sanaz Haratifar
- Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
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Chung IM, Park I, Yoon JY, Yang YS, Kim SH. Determination of organic milk authenticity using carbon and nitrogen natural isotopes. Food Chem 2014; 160:214-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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δ13C values and phytanic acid diastereomer ratios: combined evaluation of two markers suggested for authentication of organic milk and dairy products. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Özdestan Ö, van Ruth SM, Alewijn M, Koot A, Romano A, Cappellin L, Biasioli F. Differentiation of specialty coffees by proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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