1
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Harikai N, Takada Y, Saito M, Zaima K, Shinomiya K. Relationship Between Amplicon Size and Heat Conditions in Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of DNA Degraded by Autoclaving. Biopreserv Biobank 2024; 22:268-274. [PMID: 37870764 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2023.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the influence of heat exposure on DNA samples during polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection. In this study, λDNA samples, as model DNA, were exposed to 105°C for 3-90 minutes or to 105°C-115°C for 15 minutes by autoclaving. The exposed samples were subjected to real-time PCR using nine primer sets with amplicon sizes of 45-504 bp. Regarding DNA samples exposed to 105°C by autoclaving, the data showed negative correlations between the logarithm of λDNA concentration (log λDNA) calculated using real-time PCR and exposure duration and a good relationship between the slope of the regression line and amplicon size. Regarding λDNA samples exposed to heat for 15 minutes, the data showed negative correlations between the log λDNA and exposure temperature and a good relationship between the slope of the regression line and amplicon size. These results showed that the equations used in this study could predict the degree of degradation in λDNA samples by autoclaving, and the PCR detection levels of the DNA at each amplicon size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Harikai
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Japan
| | - Yuki Takada
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Japan
| | - Misaki Saito
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Japan
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Pearce DL, Edson JE, Jennelle CS, Walter WD. Evaluation of DNA yield from various tissue and sampling sources for use in single nucleotide polymorphism panels. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11340. [PMID: 38760358 PMCID: PMC11101418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56128-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetics studies are used by wildlife managers and researchers to gain inference into a population of a species of interest. To gain these insights, microsatellites have been the primary method; however, there currently is a shift from microsatellites to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). With the different DNA requirements between microsatellites and SNPs, an investigation into which samples can provide adequate DNA yield is warranted. Using samples that were collected from previous genetic projects from regions in the USA from 2014 to 2021, we investigated the DNA yield of eight sample categories to gain insights into which provided adequate DNA to be used in ddRADseq or already developed high- or medium-density SNP panels. We found seven sample categories that met the DNA requirements for use in all three panels, and one sample category that did not meet any of the three panels requirements; however, DNA integrity was highly variable and not all sample categories that met panel DNA requirements could be considered high quality DNA. Additionally, we used linear random-effects models to determine which covariates would have the greatest influence on DNA yield. We determined that all covariates (tissue type, storage method, preservative, DNA quality, time until DNA extraction and time after DNA extraction) could influence DNA yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Pearce
- Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, The Pennsylvania State University, 413 Forest Resources Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Rangeland, Wildlife and Fisheries Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jessie E Edson
- Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, The Pennsylvania State University, 413 Forest Resources Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Chris S Jennelle
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, 5463 West Broadway Ave., Forest Lake, MN, 55025, USA
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Division of Ecological and Water Resources, Nongame Wildlife Program, St Paul, MN, 55155, USA
| | - W David Walter
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, The Pennsylvania State University, 403 Forest Resources Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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3
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Ma C, Li Y, Zuo D, Huang X, Tian X, Wang W. Advances in the authentication of collagen products based on DNA technology. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37983141 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2283278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Collagenous products are making their way into consumer markets such as foods, nutraceuticals, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals increasingly. Collagen in a large family of proteins is ubiquitous in metazoan. The most effective way to identify biological samples including collagen is DNA technology indisputably. However, the DNA content of collagen mostly derived from connective tissue is relatively less, and commercial collagen products are usually subjected to some harsh treatments in the production process, which makes DNA damage more serious, thus tracing their origin becomes a huge challenge. At present, DNA enrichment mainly relies on silica based centrifugal columns after extraction by classical phenol chloroform method. For improving the amplification of DNA fragments, small amplicons are designed based on more stable mitochondrial genes, such as cytochrome b gene (cytb). In addition to conventional PCR for DNA amplification, some new PCR techniques have also been developed, such as DNA barcoding techniques, PCR-Southern hybridization and fluorescent PCR. These PCR techniques have their pros and cons, and are mainly used in the identification of gelatin at present. The development of a complete set of DNA authentication is of great significance for the control of collagen products quality and will contribute to sustainable development of collagen industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenwei Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yangshuai Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Doudou Zuo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaojing Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenhang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- RandD Centre of Collagen Products, Xingjia Biotechnology Co. LTD, Tianjin, China
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4
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Wang G, Nie X, Yang L, Liao H. A comparative analysis of quantitative detection methods for viable food-borne pathogens using RT-qPCR and PMA-qPCR. Lett Appl Microbiol 2023; 76:ovad120. [PMID: 37793793 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovad120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The accurate quantification of viable pathogens in food is crucial for ensuring food safety. This study mainly aimed to investigate the quantification of viable pathogens using PMA-qPCR and RT-qPCR, taking into account bacterial species, food matrices, and inactivation methods. The detection limit of PMA-qPCR for Salmonella serovars in simple matrices, such as culture broth, lake, or tap water, was found to be 102 cells per ml. Regarding the detection of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in culture broth, as well as Salmonella in more complex matrices, such as juices and lab-made broth, both methods exhibited a detection limit of 103 cells per ml. Besides that, in adverse situations, there was a risk of overestimating the number of viable pathogens using PMA-qPCR. In addition, a conspicuous discrepancy between the results of PMA-qPCR/RT-qPCR and those of the plate counting assay was observed when Salmonella was exposed to isopropanol, H2O2, NaClO, sonication, or thermosonication. This suggests that it may survive in a viable but non-culturable state and poses a challenge for accurate quantification of viable cells using plate counting assay. Therefore, the results obtained by RT-qPCR were more objective compared to PMA-qPCR due to potential influences from bacteria species, surrounding media, and inactivation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiong Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Xinyin Nie
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Lihong Yang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Hongmei Liao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
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Loret S, Habib B, Romain P, Roba A, Reboul A. Prevention of horizontal transfer of laboratory plasmids to environmental bacteria: comparison of the effectiveness of a few disinfection approaches to degrade DNA. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:89369-89380. [PMID: 37450185 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28733-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The routine work of any molecular biology laboratory includes the daily use of microorganisms, including strains of E. coli, transformed with a variety of plasmids expressing at least one antibiotic resistance gene (ARG). Therefore, to avoid the accidental release of ARGs into environmental water, methods for disinfection of liquid laboratory waste must be effective in destroying nucleic acids. In support of this recommendation, the origin of replication of Enterobacteriaceae plasmids has been detected in strains of non-Enterobacteriaceae bacteria isolated from wastewater from laboratories and research institutes, suggesting that interspecific transfer of laboratory plasmids had occurred. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we determined the decimal reduction value (D value, expressed as concentration of disinfectant or length of physical treatment) of several decontamination methods for their DNA degradation effect on cultures of E. coli Top10 transformed with a kanamycin resistant plasmid (pET28A + or pEGFP-C2). The estimated D values were 0.7 M for sulfuric acid, 6.3% for a commercial P3 disinfectant, 25 min for steam sterilization at 121 °C, and 49 min for disinfection by UVC. A 20-min treatment of bacteria cultures with a final concentration of 1-10% sodium hypochlorite was found to be ineffective in completely destroying a bacteria plasmid gene marker (coding for the pBR322 origin of replication). Residual DNA from NaClO-treated cells was 60%, while it decreased under 10% using the commercial disinfectant P3 diluted at 5%. As the degradation was incomplete in both cases, we recommend avoiding discharge of disinfected liquid waste to wastewater (even after chemical neutralization) without additional plasmid destruction treatment, to prevent horizontal transfer of laboratory ARGs to environmental bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Loret
- Health and Safety Department, Namur Research Institute for Life Science (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Biosafety Office, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B 5000, Namur, Belgium.
| | - Boutaina Habib
- Science Faculty, University Mohammed V, Avenue Ibn Batouta, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Pierre Romain
- Research Unit in Biology of Microorganisms (URBM), Namur Research Institute for Life Science (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B 5000 , Namur, Belgium
| | - Agnès Roba
- Research Unit in Biology of Microorganisms (URBM), Namur Research Institute for Life Science (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B 5000 , Namur, Belgium
| | - Angéline Reboul
- Research Unit in Biology of Microorganisms (URBM), Namur Research Institute for Life Science (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B 5000 , Namur, Belgium
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6
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Du Y, Chen F, Liu K, Chen C. Effect of Soybean Protein Concentrate Preparation on Copy Numbers and Structural Characteristics of DNA from Genetically Modified Soybean. Foods 2023; 12:foods12102031. [PMID: 37238848 DOI: 10.3390/foods12102031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To regulate the degradation of transgenic DNA and lay theoretical foundations for the rational utilization of genetically modified (GM) products, variations in copy numbers and structural characteristics of DNA from GM soybean event GTS 40-3-2 during soybean protein concentrate (SPC) preparation were evaluated. Results showed that defatting and the first ethanol extraction were key procedures inducing DNA degradation. After these two procedures, copy numbers of the lectin and cp4 epsps targets decreased by more than 4 × 108, occupying 36.88-49.30% of the total copy numbers from raw soybean. Atomic force microscopy images visually revealed the degradation of DNA that thinned and shortened during SPC preparation. Circular dichroism spectra suggested a lower helicity of DNA from defatted soybean kernel flour and a conformation transition of DNA from B-type to A-type after ethanol extraction. The fluorescence intensity of DNA decreased during SPC preparation, verifying the DNA damage along this preparation chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Fusheng Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Kunlun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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7
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Gao X, Fu X, Xie M, Wang L. Environmental risks of antibiotic resistance genes released from biological laboratories and its control measure. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:636. [PMID: 37133624 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are a growing global threat to public health. Biological laboratory wastewater contains large amounts of free ARGs. It is important to assess the risk of free ARGs from biological laboratories and to find appropriate treatments to control their spread. The fate of plasmids in the environment and the effect of different thermal treatments on their persistence activity were tested. The results showed that untreated resistance plasmids could exist in water for more than 24 h (the special 245 bp fragment). Gel electrophoresis and transformation assays showed that the plasmids boiled for 20 min retained 3.65% ± 0.31% transformation activity of the intact plasmids, while autoclaving for 20 min at 121 °C could effectively degrade the plasmids and that NaCl, bovine serum albumin, and EDTA-2Na affected the degradation efficiency of the plasmids during boiling. In the simulated aquatic system, using 106 copy/μL of plasmids after autoclaving, only 102 copies/μL of the fragment after only 1-2 h could be detected. By contrast, boiled plasmids for 20 min were still detectable after plunging them into water for 24 h. These findings suggest that untreated and boiled plasmids can remain in the aquatic environment for a certain time resulting in the risk of disseminating ARGs. However, autoclaving is an effective way of degrading waste free resistance plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Research Institute for Shanghai Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaohua Fu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Research Institute for Shanghai Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Mengdi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Research Institute for Shanghai Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Research Institute for Shanghai Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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8
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Peng C, Wang Y, Chen X, Wang X, Ding L, Xu X, Wei W, Yang L, Wu J, Sun M, Xu J. A Localized CRISPR Assay that Detects Short Nucleic Acid Fragments in Unamplified Genetically Modified Samples. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1054-1063. [PMID: 36802509 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Detecting short genetically modified (GM) nucleic acid fragments in GM crops and associated products is critically important for the global agriculture industry. Although nucleic acid amplification-based technologies have been widely used for genetically modified organism (GMO) detection, they still struggle to amplify and detect these ultra-short nucleic acid fragments in highly processed products. Here, we used a multiple-CRISPR-derived RNA (crRNA) strategy to detect ultra-short nucleic acid fragments. By combining confinement effects on local concentrations, an amplification-free CRISPR-based short nucleic acid (CRISPRsna) system was established to detect the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter in GM samples. Moreover, we demonstrated assay sensitivity, specificity, and reliability by directly detecting nucleic acid samples from GM crops with a wide genomic range. The CRISPRsna assay avoided possible aerosol contamination from nucleic acid amplification and saved time due to an amplification-free approach. Given that our assay displayed distinct advantages over other technologies in detecting ultra-short nucleic acid fragments, it may have wide applications for detecting GM in highly processed products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yuling Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xiaofu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Lin Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jian Wu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Meihao Sun
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Junfeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
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Li S, Lin J, Hao H, Jin H, Song D, Zhu B. Validation of a 6-Dye Short Tandem Repeat System: A Dry Kit With Lyophilized Amplification Reagent. Front Genet 2021; 12:705819. [PMID: 34552616 PMCID: PMC8451954 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.705819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The SureID®S6 system used a lyophilized pellet as the amplification reagent to enable multiplexing of sex-determining marker Amelogenin, 21 autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs), and one Y-STR. To assess the performance, reliability, and limitation of the dry amplification system, the validation studies including PCR condition, reproducibility, sizing and precision, analytical threshold calculation, sensitivity and stochastic threshold calculation, species specificity, stability, mixture, case sample, and population and concordance were conducted according to the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM) Validation Guidelines. Experimental data suggested that the optimal range of total input DNA was from 125 to 500 pg; the appropriate analytical threshold was 80 relative fluorescence units (RFUs) while the stochastic threshold was 260 RFUs; for the stability studies, SureID®S6 system could resist against less than 500 μmol/L of hematin, 100 ng/μl of humic acid, 4 mM of indigotin, 800 mM of tannic acid, and 800 mM of calcium ion. Population and concordance studies using 500 unrelated individuals showed that the combined probability of discrimination (CPD) and cumulative probability of exclusion (CPE) values were 0.999999999999 and 0.999999998416, respectively. The genotypes for the same sample were concordant with the previously validated HUAXIA™ Platinum kit. The validation results demonstrated that the SureID®S6 system could be used for forensic applifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanglin Li
- Department of Forensic Genetics, Multi-Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Lin
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Honglei Hao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiying Jin
- Ningbo Health Gene Technologies Co., Ltd, Ningbo, China
| | - Danlu Song
- Ningbo Health Gene Technologies Co., Ltd, Ningbo, China
| | - Bofeng Zhu
- Department of Forensic Genetics, Multi-Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Demeke T, Beecher B, Eng M. Assessment of genetically engineered events in heat-treated and non-treated samples using droplet digital PCR and real-time quantitative PCR. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Influence of Heat Processing on DNA Degradation and PCR-Based Detection of Wild-Type and Transgenic Maize. J FOOD QUALITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/5657640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable detection of genetically modified (GM) maize is significant for food authenticity, labelling, quality, and safety assessment. This study aims to evaluate the factors influencing degradation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of DNA from the wild type and transgenic maize (events Bt-176 and MON810) during thermal treatment at 100°C and 121°C. A new PCR method was developed targeting the Cry1Ab gene to detect insect-resistant GM plants. The yield of genomic DNAs extracted by the DNeasy plant mini kit dramatically decreased while DNAs obtained by cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide- (CTAB-) based method did not show any visible changes in the yield by the time of processing. Treatment at 100°C did not significantly affect either genomic DNAs or amplicons. Heating at 121°C induced time-dependent degradation of genomic DNAs and exogenous Cry1Ab gene; however, it did not have any considerable influence on the exogenous 141 bp amplicons or endogenous amplicons in the range of 102 bp to 226 bp with the exception of the event MON810 extracted by the DNeasy plant mini kit. More yield was observed at 226 bp than 140 bp fragment of the invertase gene. The 141 bp fragment of the transgenic CaMV 35S promoter exhibited the highest thermal stability of all the examined amplicons. Analysis of foodstuffs demonstrated 102 bp amplicons specific for the zein gene as the effective marker to detect maize in the processed foods. The obtained results demonstrate that PCR-based detection of the wild type and transgenic maize is dependent on the combination of different parameters of crucial factors such as temperature and duration of exposure, transgenic event, DNA extraction method, DNA marker, and size and location of amplicons.
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12
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Venturelli GL, Bischoff JL, Scariot MC, Rossi GB, Arisi ACM. Applicability of quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( qPCR) assays for common bean authentication in processed food. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Luiz Venturelli
- CAL CCA UFSC, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Food Science and Technology Department Federal University of Santa Catarina Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346 88034‐001 Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Joana Laura Bischoff
- CAL CCA UFSC, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Food Science and Technology Department Federal University of Santa Catarina Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346 88034‐001 Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Mirella Christine Scariot
- CAL CCA UFSC, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Food Science and Technology Department Federal University of Santa Catarina Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346 88034‐001 Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Gabriela Barbosa Rossi
- CAL CCA UFSC, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Food Science and Technology Department Federal University of Santa Catarina Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346 88034‐001 Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Maisonnave Arisi
- CAL CCA UFSC, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Food Science and Technology Department Federal University of Santa Catarina Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346 88034‐001 Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
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13
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Linacero R, Sanchiz A, Ballesteros I, Cuadrado C. Application of real-time PCR for tree nut allergen detection in processed foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1077-1093. [PMID: 30638046 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1557103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Currently, food allergies are an important health concern worldwide. The presence of undeclared allergenic ingredients or the presence of traces of allergens due to accidental contamination during food processing poses a great health risk to sensitized individuals. Therefore, reliable analytical methods are required to detect and identify allergenic ingredients in food products. Real-time PCR allowed a specific and accurate amplification of allergen sequences. Some processing methods could induce the fragmentation and/or degradation of genomic DNA and some studies have been performed to analyze the effect of processing on the detection of different targets, as thermal treatment, with and without applying pressure. In this review, we give an updated overview of the applications of real-time PCR for the detection of allergens of tree nut in processed food products. The different variables that contribute to the performance of PCR methodology for allergen detection are also review and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Linacero
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Africa Sanchiz
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, SGIT-INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Ballesteros
- Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carmen Cuadrado
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, SGIT-INIA, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Speranskaya AS, Krinitsina AA, Shipulin GA, Khafizov KF, Logacheva MD. High-Throughput Sequencing for the Authentication of Food Products: Problems and Perspectives. RUSS J GENET+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795418090132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Liao J, Gao J, Ku T, Liu Y. Assessment of milk quality during storage based on DNA extracted from milk. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2018.1474265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liao
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Junling Gao
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ting Ku
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
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16
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Ahmed N, Sangale D, Tiknaik A, Prakash B, Hange R, Sanil R, Khan S, Khedkar G. Authentication of origin of meat species processed under various Indian culinary procedures using DNA barcoding. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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17
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Sanchiz Á, Ballesteros I, Marqués E, Dieguez MC, Rueda J, Cuadrado C, Linacero R. Evaluation of locked nucleic acid and TaqMan probes for specific detection of cashew nut in processed food by real time PCR. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Vondrakova L, Turonova H, Scholtz V, Pazlarova J, Demnerova K. Impact of various killing methods on EMA/PMA-qPCR efficacy. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Liao J, Yang L, Sheppard A, Liu Y. Comparison of DNA quality in raw and reconstituted milk during sterilization. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:147-153. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Nikolić Z, Petrović G, Panković D, Ignjatov M, Marinković D, Stojanović M, Đorđević V. Threshold Level and Traceability of Roundup Ready® Soybeans in Tofu Production. Food Technol Biotechnol 2017; 55:439-444. [PMID: 29540978 PMCID: PMC5848198 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.55.04.17.5192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess DNA degradation, DNA amplification, and GMO quantity during tofu production. Soybean seeds were spiked with Roundup Ready® soybeans (RRS) at 0.9, 2, 3 and 5% (by mass), to assess the level of RSS that would be of practical interest for threshold labelling. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was more effective than conventional PCR in the analysis of raw soymilk, okara, boiled soymilk and tofu. The negative effect of grinding and mechanical manipulation was obvious in the okara sample prepared with 3 and 5% RRS, where GMO content was reduced to (2.28±0.23) and (2.74±0.26) %, respectively. However, heating at 100 °C for 10 min did not cause significant degradation of DNA in all samples. The content of RRS in the final product, tofu, was reduced tenfold during processing, ranging from 0.07 to 0.46%, which was below the labelling threshold level. The results are discussed in terms of global harmonization of GMO standards, which could have the positive effect on the trade of lightly processed foodstuffs such as tofu, especially regarding the labelling policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorica Nikolić
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, RS-21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Gordana Petrović
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, RS-21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dejana Panković
- Educons University, Vojvode putnika 85-87, RS-21208 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
| | - Maja Ignjatov
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, RS-21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dragana Marinković
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, RS-21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Milan Stojanović
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, RS-21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vuk Đorđević
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, RS-21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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21
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Targeting the middle region of CP4-EPSPS protein for its traceability in highly processed soy-related products. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2017; 54:3142-3151. [PMID: 28974799 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2750-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic components in genetically modified organisms consist not only of the transgenic genes, but also the transgenic protein. However, compared with transgenic DNA, less attention has been paid to the detection of expressed protein, especially those degraded from genetically modified soybean after food processing. In this study, the full length 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (CP4-EPSPS, 47.6 kD) protein was probed with the SC-16 (S19-R33) and the DC-16 (D219-K233) polyclonal antibodies in immunoblots. Both antibodies were able to detect the full length CP4-EPSPS and its residues in soy powder made from Roundup-Ready soybeans after heating and microwaving treatments which also reduced the molecular weight of the protein to 45.8 and 38.7 kD, respectively. Taken together the immunoblot results suggest that the middle region of the CP4-EPSPS protein possessed better stability than its N-terminal during thermal processing. This deduction was further validated by autoclave treatment, where a 37.4 kD residue of the protein was recognized by DC-16. A similar result was obtained in processed smoked sausage containing Roundup Ready soybean protein isolate (as an extender). The additional use of a further polyclonal antibody CK-17 (C372-K388), showed that compared with only the one signal for CP4-EPSPS detected by the SC-16 and CK-17 antibodies, the DC-16 middle region antibody detected four signals for CP4-EPSPS from five market sourced soy protein concentrates. Taken together, the study suggested that the middle region of CP4-EPSPS was more useful than the N- and C-terminal for tracing transgenic CP4-EPSPS protein and its remnants in highly processed soy-related products.
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22
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Meat species identification by two direct-triplex real-time PCR assays using low resolution melting. Food Chem 2017; 233:144-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Detection of pistachio allergen coding sequences in food products: A comparison of two real time PCR approaches. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Detection by real time PCR of walnut allergen coding sequences in processed foods. Food Chem 2016; 202:334-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.01.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Toner E, Adalja A, Gronvall GK, Cicero A, Inglesby TV. Antimicrobial resistance is a global health emergency. Health Secur 2016; 13:153-5. [PMID: 26042858 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2014.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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26
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Wang X, Chen X, Xu J, Dai C, Shen W. Degradation and detection of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis DNA and proteins in flour of three genetically modified rice events submitted to a set of thermal processes. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 84:89-98. [PMID: 26277627 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the degradation of three transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) genes (Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, and Cry1Ab/Ac) and the corresponding encoded Bt proteins in KMD1, KF6, and TT51-1 rice powder, respectively, following autoclaving, cooking, baking, or microwaving. Exogenous Bt genes were more stable than the endogenous sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) gene, and short DNA fragments were detected more frequently than long DNA fragments in both the Bt and SPS genes. Autoclaving, cooking (boiling in water, 30 min), and baking (200 °C, 30 min) induced the most severe Bt protein degradation effects, and Cry1Ab protein was more stable than Cry1Ac and Cry1Ab/Ac protein, which was further confirmed by baking samples at 180 °C for different periods of time. Microwaving induced mild degradation of the Bt and SPS genes, and Bt proteins, whereas baking (180 °C, 15 min), cooking and autoclaving led to further degradation, and baking (200 °C, 30 min) induced the most severe degradation. The findings of the study indicated that degradation of the Bt genes and proteins somewhat correlated with the treatment intensity. Polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and lateral flow tests were used to detect the corresponding transgenic components. Strategies for detecting transgenic ingredients in highly processed foods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofu Wang
- Institute of Agriculture Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- Institute of Agriculture Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Junfeng Xu
- Institute of Agriculture Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Chen Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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27
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McCauslin CS, Gunn KE, Pirone D, Staiger J. qPCR for second year undergraduates: A short, structured inquiry to illustrate differential gene expression. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 43:273-282. [PMID: 26148025 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.20870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe a structured inquiry laboratory exercise that examines transcriptional regulation of the NOS2 gene under conditions that simulate the inflammatory response in macrophages. Using quantitative PCR and the comparative CT method, students are able determine whether transcriptional activation of NOS2 occurs and to what degree. The exercise is aimed at second year undergraduates who possess basic knowledge of gene expression events. It requires only 4-5 hr of dedicated laboratory time and focuses on use of the primary literature, data analysis, and interpretation. Importantly, this exercise provides a mechanism to introduce the concept of differential gene expression and provides a starting point for development of more complex guided or open inquiry projects for students moving into upper level molecular biology, immunology, and biochemistry course work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dana Pirone
- Department of Science, Mount St. Mary's University, Emmitsburg, Maryland
| | - Jennifer Staiger
- Department of Science, Mount St. Mary's University, Emmitsburg, Maryland
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28
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Xing F, Zhang W, Selvaraj JN, Liu Y. DNA degradation in genetically modified rice with Cry1Ab by food processing methods: Implications for the quantification of genetically modified organisms. Food Chem 2015; 174:132-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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29
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Fraiture MA, Herman P, Taverniers I, De Loose M, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Deforce D, Roosens NH. Validation of a sensitive DNA walking strategy to characterise unauthorised GMOs using model food matrices mimicking common rice products. Food Chem 2014; 173:1259-65. [PMID: 25466152 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To identify unauthorised GMOs in food and feed matrices, an integrated approach has recently been developed targeting pCAMBIA family vectors, highly present in transgenic plants. Their presence is first assessed by qPCR screening and is subsequently confirmed by characterising the transgene flanking regions, using DNA walking. Here, the DNA walking performance has been thoroughly tested for the first time, regarding the targeted DNA quality and quantity. Several assays, on model food matrices mimicking common rice products, have allowed to determine the limit of detection as well as the potential effects of food mixture and processing. This detection system allows the identification of transgenic insertions as low as 10 HGEs and was not affected by the presence of untargeted DNA. Moreover, despite the clear impact of food processing on DNA quality, this method was able to cope with degraded DNA. Given its specificity, sensitivity, reliability, applicability and practicability, the proposed approach is a key detection tool, easily implementable in enforcement laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Alice Fraiture
- Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Platform of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology (PBB) and Biosafety and Biotechnology Unit (SBB), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology and Food Sciences Unit, Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 115 Bus 1, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; University of Gent (UGent), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philippe Herman
- Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Platform of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology (PBB) and Biosafety and Biotechnology Unit (SBB), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabel Taverniers
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology and Food Sciences Unit, Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 115 Bus 1, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Marc De Loose
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology and Food Sciences Unit, Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 115 Bus 1, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; University of Gent (UGent), Faculty of Sciences, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Nieuwerburgh
- University of Gent (UGent), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dieter Deforce
- University of Gent (UGent), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nancy H Roosens
- Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Platform of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology (PBB) and Biosafety and Biotechnology Unit (SBB), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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30
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Zhang W, Xing F, Selvaraj JN, Liu Y. Degradation of endogenous and exogenous genes of genetically modified rice with Cry1Ab during food processing. J Food Sci 2014; 79:T1055-65. [PMID: 24758488 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In order to assess the degradation of endogenous and exogenous genes during food processing, genetically modified rice with Cry1Ab was used as raw material to produce 4 processed foods: steamed rice, rice noodles, rice crackers, and sweet rice wine. The results showed various processing procedures caused different degrees of degradation of both endogenous and exogenous genes. During the processing of steamed rice and rice noodles, the procedures were so mild that only genes larger than 1500 bp were degraded, and no degradation of NOS terminator and Hpt gene was detected. For rice crackers, frying was the most severe procedure, followed by microwaving, baking, boiling, 1st drying, and 2nd drying. For sweet rice wine, fermentation had more impact on degradation of genes than the other processing procedures. All procedures in this study did not lead to degradation of genes to below 200 bp, except for NOS terminator. In the case of stability of the genes studied during processing of rice crackers and sweet rice wine, SPS gene was the most, followed by the Cry1Ab gene, Hpt gene, Pubi promoter, and NOS terminator. PRACTICAL APPLICATION In our study, we gained some information about the degradation of endogenous and exogenous genes during 4 foods processing, compared the different stabilities between endogenous and exogenous genes, and analyzed different effects of procedure on degradation of genes. In addition, the fragments of endogenous and exogenous genes about 200 bp could be detected in final products, except NOS terminator. As a result, we provided some base information about risk assessment of genetically modified (GM) food and appropriate length of fragment to detect GM component in processed foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Inst. of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193, China
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