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Posadino AM, Maccioccu P, Eid AH, Giordo R, Pintus G, Fenu G. Citrus limon var. pompia Camarda var. nova: A Comprehensive Review of Its Botanical Characteristics, Traditional Uses, Phytochemical Profile, and Potential Health Benefits. Nutrients 2024; 16:2619. [PMID: 39203756 PMCID: PMC11357429 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Citrus limon var. pompia Camarda var. nova, commonly known as pompia, is a distinctive citrus ecotype native to Sardinia, notable for its unique botanical, phytochemical, and potential health benefits. It holds cultural significance as a traditional food product of Sardinia, recognized by the Italian Ministry of Agricultural Food and Forestry Policies. This comprehensive review examines pompia's traditional uses, taxonomic classification, pomological characteristics, phytochemical profile, and potential health benefits. Pompia phytochemical analyses reveal a rich composition of flavonoids and terpenoids, with notable concentrations of limonene, myrcene, and various oxygenated monoterpenes. Pompia essential oils are primarily extracted from its peel and leaves. Peel essential oils exhibit a high concentration of the monoterpene limonene (82%) and significantly lower quantities of myrcene (1.8%), geranial (1.7%), geraniol (1.5%), and neral (1.4%). In its rind extract, flavanones such as naringin (23.77 µg/mg), neoeriocitrin (46.53 µg/mg), and neohesperidin (44.57 µg/mg) have been found, along with gallic acid (128.3 µg/mg) and quinic acid (219.67 µg/mg). The main compounds detected in the essential oils from pompia leaves are oxygenated monoterpenes (53.5%), with limonene (28.64%), α-terpineol (41.18%), geranial (24.44%), (E)-β-ocimene (10.5%), linalool (0.56%), and neryl acetate (13.56%) being particularly prominent. In pompia juice, the presence of phenolic compounds has been discovered, with a composition more similar to lemon juice than orange juice. The primary flavonoid identified in pompia juice is chrysoeriol-6,8-di-C-glucoside (stellarin-2) (109.2 mg/L), which has not been found in other citrus juices. The compound rhoifolin-4-glucoside (17.5 mg/L) is unique to pompia juice, whereas its aglycone, rhoifolin, is found in lemon juice. Other flavonoids identified in pompia juice include diosmetin 6,8-C-diglucoside (54.5 mg/L) and isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside (79.4 mg/L). These findings support the potential of pompia in developing nutraceuticals and natural health products, further confirmed by its compounds' antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Future research should focus on optimizing extraction methods, conducting clinical trials to evaluate efficacy and safety, and exploring sustainable cultivation practices. The potential applications of pompia extracts in food preservation, functional foods, and cosmetic formulations also warrant further investigation. Addressing these areas could significantly enhance pompia's contribution to natural medicine, food science, and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Posadino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.P.); (P.M.); (G.F.)
| | - Paola Maccioccu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.P.); (P.M.); (G.F.)
| | - Ali H. Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Roberta Giordo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.P.); (P.M.); (G.F.)
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.P.); (P.M.); (G.F.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Grazia Fenu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.P.); (P.M.); (G.F.)
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Wu MR, Tang LH, Chen YY, Shu LX, Xu YY, Yao YQ, Li YB. Systematic characterization of the chemical constituents in vitro and in vivo of Qianghuo by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Fitoterapia 2024; 172:105758. [PMID: 38042507 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
The Chinese herb Qianghuo is an antiphlogistic herb with many effects and complex components. In this study, the chemical composition of Qianghuo and its components in rat plasma after oral administration were investigated using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). The extracts, blank plasma, and plasma containing the drug were analyzed by mass spectrometry, and data collected in both positive and negative ion modes were analyzed using Masslynx software, and the structures were confirmed by combining the compound fragment ions and mass spectrometry cleavage pathways. A total of 62 in vitro chemical components were identified, including 27 coumarins, 18 organic acids, 5 amino acids, 5 glycosides, 2 flavonoids, 4 nucleotides, and 1 ester, which were summarized from the obtained compounds in terms of their possible cleavage patterns. Among the identified 31 compounds in rat plasma, 21 were prototypes, mostly coumarins, organic acids, and flavonoids, and 10 were metabolites, which were mainly generated via hydroxylation and methylation pathways. Based on these, this study provides a theoretical foundation for quality control and basic research on Qianghuo medicinal substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ru Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu-Huan Tang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Yan Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Le-Xin Shu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Yan Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ya-Qi Yao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yu-Bo Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Cao X, Shi K, Xu Y, Zhang P, Zhang H, Pan S. Integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology to reveal antioxidant mechanisms and potential pharmacological ingredients of citrus herbs. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113514. [PMID: 37986422 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The benefits of citrus herbs are strongly associated with their secondary metabolites. In the study, we conducted widely-targeted metabolomics and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) to compare the variability of ingredients in four citrus herbs. In total, we discovered 1126 secondary metabolites, primarily comprising flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans and coumarins, and alkaloids. Differential metabolites of citrus herbs were searched by multivariate statistical analysis. Notably, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium contained higher levels of flavonoids, while Zhique and Huajuhong demonstrated a greater abundance of coumarins. Among the flavonoids determined by UPLC, Guangchenpi demonstrated significantly elevated levels of polymethoxyflavones (tangeretin and nobiletin) compared to other citrus herbs. Additionally, we determined their antioxidant capacity (Chenpi > Guangchenpi > Huajuhong > Zhique) using in vitro assays. Finally, we utilized network pharmacology to explore the antioxidant mechanisms and potential pharmacological ingredients, providing a basis for future preventive and therapeutic applications of these metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Kaixin Shi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Yang Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Siyi Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
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Wang C, Huang J, Zhou Z, Xu P, Shi J, Yang Y, Tong S, Hu H. Coumarins from Jinhua Finger Citron: Separation by Liquid-Liquid Chromatography and Potential Antitumor Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:6917. [PMID: 37836760 PMCID: PMC10574065 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, liquid-liquid chromatography was introduced for the first time for the separation of fingered citron (Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis Swingle). The fingered citron cultivated in Jinhua is of significant industrial and medicinal value, with several major coumarin compounds detected in its extract. Therefore, further separation for higher purity was of necessity. A preparative liquid-liquid chromatographic method was developed by combining two elution modes (isocratic and step-gradient) with selection according to different polarities of the target sample. Five coumarin derivatives-5,7-dimethoxycoumarin (52.6 mg, 99.6%), phellopterin (4.9 mg, 97.1%), 5-prenyloxy-7-methoxycoumarin (6.7 mg, 98.7%), 6-hydroxy-7-methoxycoumarin (7.1 mg, 82.2%), and byakangelicol (10.5 mg, 90.1%)-with similar structures and properties were isolated on a large scale from 100 mg of petroleum ether (PE) extract and 100 mg of ethyl acetate (EA) extract in Jinhua fingered citron. The productivity was much improved. The anti-growth activity of the isolated coumarins was evaluated against three cancer cell lines (HeLa, A549, and MCF7) with an MTT assay. The coumarins demonstrated potential anti-tumor activity on the HeLa cell line, with 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin in particular exhibiting the best anti-growth activity (IC50 = 10.57 ± 0.24 μM) by inhibiting proliferation. It inhibited colony formation and reduced the size of the tumor sphere in a concentration-dependent manner. The main mechanism was confirmed as inducing apoptosis. This work was informative for further studies aimed at exploring new natural-product-based antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyue Wang
- Jinhua Advanced Research Institute, Jinhua 321015, China (Y.Y.)
- Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Lanxi 321100, China
| | - Jiangang Huang
- Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Lanxi 321100, China
| | - Zhiling Zhou
- Jinhua Advanced Research Institute, Jinhua 321015, China (Y.Y.)
| | - Ping Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jingyi Shi
- Jinhua Advanced Research Institute, Jinhua 321015, China (Y.Y.)
| | - Yushun Yang
- Jinhua Advanced Research Institute, Jinhua 321015, China (Y.Y.)
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hongyu Hu
- Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Lanxi 321100, China
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Benedetto N, Carlucci V, Faraone I, Lela L, Ponticelli M, Russo D, Mangieri C, Tzvetkov NT, Milella L. An Insight into Citrus medica Linn.: A Systematic Review on Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2267. [PMID: 37375892 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant species are a reservoir of natural compounds that can potentially be used to treat different diseases. Citrus medica Linn. belonging to the Rutaceae family, has been used for centuries in medicine for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, and antihyperglycemic properties. These activities are ascribable not only to the presence of health-promoting macronutrients and micronutrients, such as carbohydrates, minerals, amino acids, and vitamins, but also to specialized metabolites, such as flavonoids (apigenin, hesperetin, hesperidin, naringin, naringenin, rutin, quercetin, and diosmin), coumarins (citropten, scoparone, and bergapten), terpenes (limonene, γ-terpinene, limonin, and nomilin), and phenolic acids (p-coumaric acid, trans-ferulic acid, and chlorogenic acid). In recent years, particular attention has been focused on the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial activity, antidiabetic, anticancer, and neuroprotective activity of C. medica. However, although many studies have reported this species' chemical and biological properties, the literature has never been analyzed via a systematic approach. For this reason, using PubMed and Scopus as databases, we performed a systematic review of C. medica's chemical composition and biological properties to inspire new research approaches and increase its curative application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Benedetto
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, V.le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Vittorio Carlucci
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, V.le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Immacolata Faraone
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, V.le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
- Innovative Startup Farmis s.r.l., Via Nicola Vaccaro 40, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Ludovica Lela
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, V.le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Maria Ponticelli
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, V.le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Daniela Russo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, V.le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
- Spinoff Bioactiplant, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Claudia Mangieri
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, V.le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Nikolay T Tzvetkov
- Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev", Department of Biochemical Pharmacology & Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Luigi Milella
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, V.le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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Zhu C, Chen J, Zhao C, Liu X, Chen Y, Liang J, Cao J, Wang Y, Sun C. Advances in extraction and purification of citrus flavonoids. FOOD FRONTIERS 2023; 4:750-781. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
AbstractFlavonoids are the representative active substances of citrus with various biological activities and high nutritional value. In order to evaluate and utilize citrus flavonoids, isolation and purification are necessary steps. This manuscript reviewed the research advances in the extraction and purification of citrus flavonoids. The structure classification, the plant and nutritional functions, and the biosynthesis of citrus flavonoids were summarized. The characteristics of citrus flavonoids and the selection of separation strategies were explained. The technical system of extraction and purification of citrus flavonoids was systematically described. Finally, outlook and research directions were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang‐Qing Zhu
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Fruit Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Jie‐Biao Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Fruit Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Chen‐Ning Zhao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Fruit Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Xiao‐Juan Liu
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Fruit Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Yun‐Yi Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Fruit Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Jiao‐Jiao Liang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Fruit Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Jin‐Ping Cao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Fruit Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Fruit Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Chong‐De Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Fruit Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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Zhang W, Shen H, Li Y, Yang K, Lei P, Gu Y, Sun L, Xu H, Wang R. Preparation of Type-A Gelatin/Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid Nanoparticles for Enhancing the Stability and Bioavailability of (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091748. [PMID: 37174287 PMCID: PMC10178256 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has gained considerable attention owing to its beneficial properties. However, its application as a functional food is restricted due to its instability and low bioavailability. In the present study, a food-derived nanoparticle system based on type A gelatin/γ-PGA was developed to preserve and deliver EGCG. The EGCG/gelatin/γ-PGA nanoparticles had a particle size of 155.1 ± 7.3 nm with a zeta potential of -23.9 ± 0.9 mV. Moreover, the EGCG/gelatin/γ-PGA nanoparticles enhanced the long-term storage stability and sustained antioxidant activity of EGCG compared to EGCG/gelatin nanoparticles. The nanoparticles protected EGCG in simulated gastric fluid containing pepsin while releasing it in simulated intestinal fluid. Additionally, the amount of EGCG transported in the Caco-2 monolayers treated with EGCG/gelatin/γ-PGA nanoparticles was three times higher than that of free EGCG, which might be related to the paracellular pathway and endocytosis. These results suggest that EGCG/gelatin/γ-PGA nanoparticles might be an effective delivery vehicle for EGCG, enhancing its potential applications in the functional food field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Huangchen Shen
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kai Yang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Peng Lei
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yian Gu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Liang Sun
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hong Xu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
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Yang R, Dong Y, Gao F, Li J, Stevanovic ZD, Li H, Shi L. Comprehensive Analysis of Secondary Metabolites of Four Medicinal Thyme Species Used in Folk Medicine and Their Antioxidant Activities In Vitro. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062582. [PMID: 36985554 PMCID: PMC10052123 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyme is a colloquial term for number of aromatic species belonging to the genus Thymus L., known for their expressed biological activities and therefore used worldwide for seasoning and in folk medicine. In the present paper, the content of the total polyphenols (TP), total flavonoids (TF), and antioxidant capacity were assessed in the extracts of four traditionally used thyme species. Moreover, a comprehensive metabolomic study of thyme bioactive compounds was performed, and the obtained data were processed using multivariate statistical tests. The results clearly demonstrated the positive correlation between the content of the TP, TF, and antioxidant activity, and TF was more significant than TP. The findings revealed that four selected thyme species contained 528 secondary metabolites, including 289 flavonoids and 146 phenolic acids. Thymus marschallianus had a higher concentration of active ingredients, which improve its antioxidant capacity. Differentially accumulated metabolites were formed by complex pathways such as flavonoid, flavone, flavonol, isoflavonoid, and anthocyanin biosynthesis. Correlation analysis showed that 59 metabolites (including 28 flavonoids, 18 phenolic acids, and 7 terpenoid compounds) were significantly correlated with obtained values of the antioxidant capacity. The results suggested that selected thyme species exhibit a great diversity in antioxidant-related components, whereas flavonoids may be responsible for the high antioxidant capacity of all studied thyme species. The present study greatly expands our understanding of the complex phytochemical profiles and related applications of selected medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (R.Y.); (Y.D.); (F.G.); (J.L.)
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanmei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (R.Y.); (Y.D.); (F.G.); (J.L.)
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (R.Y.); (Y.D.); (F.G.); (J.L.)
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (R.Y.); (Y.D.); (F.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Zora Dajic Stevanovic
- Department of Agrobotany, University of Belgrade Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Zemun, Serbia;
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (R.Y.); (Y.D.); (F.G.); (J.L.)
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (L.S.)
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (R.Y.); (Y.D.); (F.G.); (J.L.)
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (L.S.)
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Zhang Y, Yan Y, Li W, Huang K, Li S, Cao H, Guan X. Microwaving released more polyphenols from black quinoa grains with hypoglycemic effects compared with traditional cooking methods. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:5948-5956. [PMID: 35442520 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyphenols were reported to exhibit inhibitory effects on digestive enzymes to regulate carbohydrates and lipid digestion. However, different cooking methods might cause differences in the composition of polyphenols in cereal grains and thus further affect their activities. RESULTS The present study used boiling, roasting and microwaving to cook black quinoa and extracted polyphenols from them. Their total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoids content were determined, and phenolic composition was analyzed via high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Compared with other cooking methods, phenolic extract from microwaved black quinoa (PEM) showed the highest TPC value (about 2.64 mg GAE g-1 ). Microwaving released more phenolic acids (ferulic acid and gallic acid) from black quinoa grains. PEM also exhibited the strongest antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Lineweaver-Burk plots showed that PEM inhibited α-glucosidase in an uncompetitive mode, which was supported by circular dichroism analysis. PEM further reduced about 20.04% of digested starch in an in vitro digestion model and suppressed postprandial blood glucose increases (about 16.91% reduction) in vivo. CONCLUSION Collectively, our data suggested that microwaving could be an ideal method to cook quinoa in regards of its polyphenols in management of postprandial blood glucose. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Yan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanqi Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Huang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Cao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Guan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
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10
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Dadwal V, Joshi R, Gupta M. A comparative metabolomic investigation in fruit sections of Citrus medica L. and Citrus maxima L. detecting potential bioactive metabolites using UHPLC-QTOF-IMS. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111486. [PMID: 35761710 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The current study focused on targeted and non-targeted metabolomics of Citrus fruit parts (exocarp, mesocarp, endocarp, and seeds) to gain a comprehensive metabolomic insight. Sections of the Citrus fruit were preliminarily examined for proximate compositions (moisture, ash, fibre, fat, and protein). Whereas ultrasonication-assisted solvent extraction revealed a higher phenolic and flavonoid content at 80% (v/v) ethanolic medium, with the highest amount in the exocarp. Using targeted metabolomics, hesperidin (3307.25 mg/100 g), naringin (4803.73 mg/100 g) were detected in C. medica and C. maxima at greater levels, respectively. Further quantitative analysis revealed the presence of phenolic acids (gallic acid, trans-ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, trans-cinnamic acid), and polymethoxyflavones (nobiletin, and tangeretin) and detected in the order of exocarp > mesocarp > endocarp > seeds. Using an untargeted metabolomics approach, metabolite discriminations among Citrus fruit sections were illustrated by Venn-diagram, heatmap, PCA, o-PLSDA, correlation matrices, and S-plot. UHPLC-QTOF-IMS revealed 48 metabolites including phenolics, vitamins, and amino acids. Furthermore, the METLIN database leads to the identification of 202 unknown metabolites. The metabolite biosynthesis and corresponding metabolite presence in Citrus fruit sections were confirmed using pathway enrichment and mass fragmentation analysis. Finally, potential biological activities were determined using in silico PASS software approach, and free radical scavenging potential was confirmed using in vitro assays for future preventive and therapeutic applications of the identified metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Dadwal
- Food and Nutraceutical Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh-201002, India
| | - Robin Joshi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Mahesh Gupta
- Food and Nutraceutical Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh-201002, India.
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11
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Csuti A, Sik B, Ajtony Z. Measurement of Naringin from Citrus Fruits by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography - a Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 54:473-486. [PMID: 35658668 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2082241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Naringin is a flavonoid found primarily in citrus species with especially high concentrations being present in grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), bitter orange (Citrus aurantium), and pomelo (Citrus grandis). Because of its many positive effects on human health, naringin has been the focus of increasing attention in recent years. Recently, conventional extraction methods have been commonly replaced with unconventional methods, such as ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and other, more eco-friendly extraction methods requiring little-to-no environmentally harmful solvents or significantly less energy. Naringin analysis is most commonly done via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with a mass spectrometer (MS) or a photodiode array (DAD) detector. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of recent trends developments in the extraction, sample preparation, and liquid chromatographic analysis of the compound originating from citrus fruits or their products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron Csuti
- Department of Food Science, Széchenyi István University, 15 Lucsony Str, Mosonmagyaróvár, 9200, Hungary
| | - Beatrix Sik
- Department of Food Science, Széchenyi István University, 15 Lucsony Str, Mosonmagyaróvár, 9200, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Ajtony
- Department of Food Science, Széchenyi István University, 15 Lucsony Str, Mosonmagyaróvár, 9200, Hungary
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12
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Phytochemical profile of Tibetan native fruit "Medog lemon" and its comparison with other cultivated species in China. Food Chem 2022; 372:131255. [PMID: 34627084 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tibet's native fruit resources have not been explored and remain underutilized due to geographical isolation. "Medog lemon" (ML), an ethno-species of wild citron, is an important functional food and dietary resource for the local people in southeastern Tibet. Herein comprehensive characterization of components of ML were firstly performed with an integrated strategy based on UHPLC-QE Orbitrap MS. A total of 196 components were characterized, among which 33 were detected from Citrus genus for the first time, and 55 were identified as potential new phytochemicals. The chemical comparison of ML with cultivated citron and fingered citron based on partial least squares-discriminant analysis model and univariate analysis revealed the distinct chemical composition of ML and in which more than 30 differentiated components were identified. The distinct morphological and chemical characters, as well as its good antioxidant properties, indicated ML as a potential new food resource that can be beneficial for human health.
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13
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Yang M, Jiang Z, Wen M, Wu Z, Zha M, Xu W, Zhang L. Chemical Variation of Chenpi (Citrus Peels) and Corresponding Correlated Bioactive Compounds by LC-MS Metabolomics and Multibioassay Analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:825381. [PMID: 35284442 PMCID: PMC8905505 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.825381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The peel of Citrus reticulata “Chachi” (CP) possesses various health-promoting benefits and is not only one of the most famous Chinese herbal medicine, but also an ingredient in fermented foods. In the present study, the effects of storage years (1-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, and 11-years) on the chemical profiling and potential bioactive compounds of CP were compared by metabolomics and in vitro bioactivity analysis. With the increase of storage time, the content of hesperidin significantly decreased, but nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-heptamethoxyflavone, and tangeretin were increased. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity of CP was enhanced. Phenolic acids, flavonol glycosides, fatty acids, and alkyl glycosides were marker compounds that were responsible for distinguishing the storage time of CP. Correlation analysis suggested that some polyphenols including quercetin-glucoside, quinic acid, trihydroxydimethoxyflavone, and rutin were potential antioxidant compounds in CP. The dichloromethane and n-butanol fractions showed the better antioxidant capacity and inhibitory effects on glucose-hydrolysis enzymes. They mainly contained ferulic acid, nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-heptamethoxyflavone, kaempferol, and hesperidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zongde Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Mingchun Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhenfeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- Zhenfeng Wu
| | - Minyu Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wen Xu
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Zhang
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14
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Bound Polyphenols from Red Quinoa Prevailed over Free Polyphenols in Reducing Postprandial Blood Glucose Rises by Inhibiting α-Glucosidase Activity and Starch Digestion. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040728. [PMID: 35215378 PMCID: PMC8875175 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting α-glucosidase activity is important in controlling postprandial hyperglycemia and, thus, helping to manage type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the present study, free polyphenols (FPE) and bound polyphenols (BPE) were extracted from red quinoa and their inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and postprandial glucose, as well as related mechanisms, were investigated. HPLC-MS analysis showed that the components of FPE and BPE were different. FPE was mainly composed of hydroxybenzoic acid and its derivatives, while BPE was mainly composed of ferulic acid and its derivatives. BPE exhibited stronger DPPH and ABTS antioxidant activities, and had a lower IC50 (10.295 mg/mL) value in inhibiting α-glucosidase activity. The inhibition kinetic mode analysis revealed that FPE and BPE inhibited α-glucosidase in a non-competitive mode and an uncompetitive mode, respectively. Furthermore, compared to FPE, BPE delayed starch digestion more effectively. BPE at 50 mg/kg reduced postprandial glucose increases comparably to acarbose at 20 mg/kg in ICR mice. These results could provide perspectives on the potential of BPE from red quinoa, as a functional food, to inhibit α-glucosidase activity, delay postprandial glucose increases and manage T2DM.
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15
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Su W, Jiang Z, Wang C, Xu B, Lu Z, Wang F, Zong X, Jin M, Wang Y. Dynamics of defatted rice bran in physicochemical characteristics, microbiota and metabolic functions during two-stage co-fermentation. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 362:109489. [PMID: 34823081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Defatted rice bran (DFRB) is an inexpensive and easily available agricultural byproduct. Existence of anti-nutritional factors (ANFs), high fiber and low protein content, susceptible to oxidation and rancidity make DFRB currently underutilized. In this study, Bacillus subtilis with high enzyme activities, Saccharomyces cerevisiae with high single-cell proteins concentration and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum with excellent acid secreting capacity were screened to co-fermented DFRB with phytase, and multiple physicochemical analyses combined with high-throughput sequencing were applied to provide insights into the dynamics of the physicochemical characteristics and the complex microbiome during the two-stage co-fermentation of DFRB. The results showed that co-fermentation effectively improved the nutritional value by degrading ANFs (trypsin inhibitors and phytic acid), fiber (acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber) and allergenic protein, and increasing the trichloroacetic acid soluble protein, amino acids and organic acid. In addition, co-fermentation prevented lipid oxidation by enhancing antioxidant activity and reducing the activity of lipase and lipoxygenase. High-throughput sequencing results suggested that co-fermentation optimized microbial community of DFRB by increasing desirable Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Saccharomyces and Talaromyces and reducing undesirable bacteria (Enterobacter and Pseudomonas) and animal and plant-pathogenic fungi (Blumeria, Alternaria, Fusarium, etc.). Furthermore, high-throughput sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were adopted to predict microbial metabolic functions and metabolic pathways during whole DFRB co-fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifa Su
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Zipeng Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Cheng Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Bocheng Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Zeqing Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
| | - Fengqin Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Xin Zong
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
| | - Yizhen Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
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16
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Gao L, Mei S, Ma H, Chen X. Ultrasound-assisted green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using citrus peel extract and their enhanced anti-inflammatory activity. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 83:105940. [PMID: 35149377 PMCID: PMC8841883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound and plant extract are two green approaches that have been used to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs); however, how the combination of ultrasound and citrus peel extract (CPE) affects the structure characteristics and the bioactivity of AuNPs remains unknown. Here we investigated the effects of ultrasound conditions on the particle size, stability, yield, phenolic encapsulation efficacy, and the anti-inflammatory activity of AuNPs. The results showed that temperature was positively correlated to the particle size and the anti-inflammatory activity of synthesized AuNPs. Increasing the power intensity significantly decreased the particle size, while increased the change of total phenolic content (ΔTPC) in the reaction mixture. The increase of ΔTPC caused the enhanced anti-inflammatory activity of AuNPs. The AuNPs synthesized with or without ultrasound treatment were characterized using UV-Vis, DLS, SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD, and FT-IR. The result verified the formation of negatively charged, spherical, stable, and monodispersed AuNPs. AuNPs synthesized with ultrasound (AuNPs-U) has smaller particle size (13.65 nm vs 16.80 nm), greater yield and anti-inflammatory activity (IC50, 82.91 vs 157.71 μg/mL) than its non-ultrasound counterpart (AuNPs-NU). HPLC analysis showed that hesperidin was the key reductant for the synthesis of AuNPs. AuNPs-U also inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of iNOS and COX-2 in the LPS-induced Raw 264.7 cells. Our research elucidates the relationship between the reaction conditions and the structure characteristics and the anti-inflammatory activity of AuNPs synthesized using CPE with the help of ultrasound, thereafter, provides a feasible and economic way to synthesize AuNPs that can be used to ameliorate inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China.
| | - Suhuan Mei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China.
| | - Xiumin Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
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17
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Xu C, Liang L, Yang T, Feng L, Mao X, Wang Y. In-vitro bioactivity evaluation and non-targeted metabolomic analysis of green tea processed from different tea shoot maturity. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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18
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Wang Y, Guo H, Wu A, Ju C, Jiang J, Chen J. Multiple‐strain
Lactobacillus
‐fermented soymilk with antioxidant capacity and delicate flavour. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- YiWen Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Haocheng Guo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Andi Wu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Changxin Ju
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Jing Jiang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - JianChu Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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19
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Yan H, Pu ZJ, Zhang ZY, Zhou GS, Zou DQ, Guo S, Li C, Zhan ZL, Duan JA. Research on Biomarkers of Different Growth Periods and Different Drying Processes of Citrus wilsonii Tanaka Based on Plant Metabolomics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:700367. [PMID: 34335665 PMCID: PMC8317225 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.700367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Fruit of Citrus wilsonii Tanaka called as "Xiang yuan" in Chinese, which means fragrant and round. It was widely used in the pharmaceutical and food industries. This fruit has well-known health benefits such as antioxidant, radical scavenging, and anti-inflammatory. Naringin, deacetylnomilin, citric acid, limonin, and nomilin were the characteristic components of Citrus wilsonii Tanaka. Although the fruit of Citrus wilsonii Tanaka possessed many applications, there was a lack of research on the growth period and drying process. In this study, plant metabolomics was used to analyze the biomarkers of the growth period, and appearance indicators and metabolites abundance were combined for the analysis of change regularities of the growth period. The representative differential metabolites of naringin, citric acid, and limonin were screened out, and the abundance of these components was relatively highest in the middle of the growth period. Therefore, the fruit of Citrus wilsonii Tanaka should be harvested before it turned yellow completely, which could effectively ensure the content of potential active ingredients. In the comparison of different drying methods, citric acid and naringin were considered to be representative differential components, but limonoids were relatively stable and not easily affected by drying methods. Naringin was an index component that could not only be reflected the maturity but also related to different drying methods. Considering its physical and chemical properties and its position, naringin had the potential to be a biomarker of Citrus wilsonii Tanaka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zong-Jin Pu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Gui-Sheng Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong-Qian Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Li
- Jumpcan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Taizhou, China
| | - Zhi-Lai Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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20
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Comparison of anti-inflammatory effects of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos based on network pharmacology. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2021; 13:332-341. [PMID: 36118930 PMCID: PMC9476724 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Methods Results Conclusion
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21
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The Beneficial Effects of Edible Kynurenic Acid from Marine Horseshoe Crab ( Tachypleus tridentatus) on Obesity, Hyperlipidemia, and Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8874503. [PMID: 34055199 PMCID: PMC8112934 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8874503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The marine horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus) has been considered as food and traditional medicine for many years. Kynurenic acid (KA) was isolated from horseshoe crab in this study for the first time in the world. A previous study in 2018 reported that intraperitoneal administration of KA prevented high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced body weight gain. Now, we investigated the effects of intragastric gavage of KA on HFD mice and found that KA (5 mg/kg/day) inhibited both the body weight gain and the increase of average daily energy intake. KA reduced serum triglyceride and increased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. KA inhibited HFD-induced the increases of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, coronary artery risk index, and atherosclerosis index. KA also suppressed HFD-induced the increase of the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (two dominant gut microbial phyla). KA partially reversed HFD-induced the changes in the composition of gut microbial genera. These overall effects of KA on HFD mice were similar to that of simvastatin (positive control). But the effects of 1.25 mg/kg/day KA on HFD-caused hyperlipidemia were similar to the effects of 5 mg/kg/day simvastatin. The pattern of relative abundance in 40 key genera of gut microbiota from KA group was closer to that from the normal group than that from the simvastatin group. In addition, our in vitro results showed the potential antioxidant activity of KA, which suggests that the improvement effects of KA on HFD mice may be partially associated with antioxidant activity of KA. Our findings demonstrate the potential role of KA as a functional food ingredient for the treatment of obesity and hyperlipidemia as well as the modulation of gut microbiota.
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22
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Du C, Lv T, Liu Q, Cheng Y, Liu C, Han M, Zhang W, Qian H. Carotenoids in Sporidiobolus pararoseus ameliorate diabetic nephropathy in mice through attenuating oxidative stress. Biol Chem 2021; 402:785-794. [PMID: 33713590 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the major life-threatening complication of diabetes, and oxidative stress takes part in its initiation and development. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of carotenoids from Sporidiobolus pararoseus (CSP) on the renal function and oxidative stress status of mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN. The results indicated that CSP significantly attenuated symptoms of STZ-induced DN shown by decreased fasting blood glucose, reduced urine volume, urine albumin, serum creatinine and serum urea nitrogen, and improved kidney histological morphology. Furthermore, biochemical analysis of serum and kidney revealed a marked increase in oxidative stress of DN mice as evidenced by reduced total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), decreased activity of antioxidant enzyme -superoxide dismutase (SOD) and increased level of malondialdehyde (MDA). However, treatment with CSP improved oxidative stress status in DN mice as compared with the mice in model group. Exploration of the potential mechanism validated that CSP ameliorated the oxidative stress status in DN mice by activating the expressions of Nrf2, NQO-1, HO-1, GST and CAT in kidney. These data revealed that CSP may retard the progression of DN by ameliorating renal function, improving the oxidative stress status and activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Du
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai264025, Shandong Province, P. R. China.,BioNanotechnology Institute, Ludong University, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai264025, Shandong Province, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Tianqi Lv
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Quanwen Liu
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai264025, Shandong Province, P. R. China.,BioNanotechnology Institute, Ludong University, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai264025, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Mei Han
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - He Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi214122, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
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23
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Zhang L, Sun J, Qi Y, Song Y, Yang Z, Li Z, Liu L, Wang P, Xu X, Zhou G. Forming nanoconjugates or inducing macroaggregates, curcumin dose effect on myosin assembling revealed by molecular dynamics simulation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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24
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Zibaee E, Kamalian S, Tajvar M, Amiri MS, Ramezani M, Moghadam AT, Emami SA, Sahebkar A. Citrus species: A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:44-97. [PMID: 31775593 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191127115601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Citrus species from family Rutaceae has worldwide applications such as cardiovascular and gastrointestinal problems. Phytochemical investigations have shown that these plants have constituents including flavonoids, limonoids and carotenoids. There are many reports on a wide range of activities such as antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory, metabolic, cardiovascular and neuroprotective effects. In the current review, we discuss information regarding botany, phytochemistry, ethnobotany uses, traditional knowledge and pharmacological aspects of the Citrus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Zibaee
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Safa Kamalian
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrangiz Tajvar
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mahin Ramezani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali T Moghadam
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed A Emami
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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25
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Lyu C, Yang J, Wang T, Kang C, Wang S, Wang H, Wan X, Zhou L, Zhang W, Huang L, Guo L. A field trials-based authentication study of conventionally and organically grown Chinese yams using light stable isotopes and multi-elemental analysis combined with machine learning algorithms. Food Chem 2020; 343:128506. [PMID: 33153811 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, stable isotopes and multi-element signatures combined with chemometrics were used to distinguish conventional and organic Chinese yams based on field trials. Four light stable isotopes δD, δ13C, δ15N, δ18O, and 20 elements (e.g. Li, Na, Mn) were determined, then evaluated using significance analysis and correlation analysis, and modeling of various chemometrics methods. Consequently, the RandomForest model showed the best performance with AUC value of 0.972 and predictive accuracy of 97.3%, and Mn, Cr, Se, Na, δD, As, and δ15N were screened as significant variables. Moreover, many chemical components and antioxidant activity of yam samples were determined spectrophotometrically. The results indicated that organic yams had advantages in secondary metabolites such as polyphenol, flavonoid and saponin; conversely, conventional samples had more primary metabolites like protein and amino acids. Above all, this work provides a beneficial case in the authentication and quality evaluation of conventional and organic yams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaogeng Lyu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Tielin Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Chuanzhi Kang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Xiufu Wan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Wenjin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China.
| | - Lanping Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China.
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26
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Xu R, Bu YG, Zhao ML, Tao R, Luo J, Li Y. Studies on antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory constituents of Chinese toon bud (Toona sinensis). J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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27
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Barberis A, Deiana M, Spissu Y, Azara E, Fadda A, Serra PA, D’hallewin G, Pisano M, Serreli G, Orrù G, Scano A, Steri D, Sanjust E. Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Other Biological Properties of Pompia Juice. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143186. [PMID: 32668641 PMCID: PMC7397052 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pompia is a Citrus species belonging to Sardinian endemic biodiversity. Health benefits were attributed to its flavedo rind extracts and essential oils while the juice qualities have never been investigated. In this paper, the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and other biological properties of Pompia juice were studied. A combined LCMS/electrochemical/biological approach was used to clarify a still debated phylogeny of this species and to explain the role of its juice phenolic compounds. A closer phylogenetic relationship with lemon and citron, rather than oranges was suggested. Sensors-based electrochemical measures, together with LCMS qualitative and quantitative analyses, revealed a high contribution of ascorbic acid and phenolics with low redox potential, isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside, diosmin, and diosmetin 6,8-diglucoside, to antioxidant capacity. The biological assays demonstrated a marked effect of low concentration of Pompia juice against reactive oxygen species (ROS) starting from 50 µg mL−1, and a moderate capacity to reduce ROS damages on cell membrane. Treatments with Pompia juice also resulted in a significant reduction (20%) of the metabolic activity of SW48 colon cancer cells. Lastly, MIC, MBC, and MBIC antimicrobial assays demonstrated that Pompia and lemon juices have inhibitory and antibiofilm effects against the pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Barberis
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (Y.S.); (A.F.); (P.A.S.); (G.D.); (G.O.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (E.S.); Tel.: +39-079-2841710 (A.B.)
| | - Monica Deiana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (M.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Ylenia Spissu
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (Y.S.); (A.F.); (P.A.S.); (G.D.); (G.O.)
| | - Emanuela Azara
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Angela Fadda
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (Y.S.); (A.F.); (P.A.S.); (G.D.); (G.O.)
| | - Pier Andrea Serra
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (Y.S.); (A.F.); (P.A.S.); (G.D.); (G.O.)
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Guy D’hallewin
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (Y.S.); (A.F.); (P.A.S.); (G.D.); (G.O.)
| | - Marina Pisano
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Gabriele Serreli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (M.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Germano Orrù
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (Y.S.); (A.F.); (P.A.S.); (G.D.); (G.O.)
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Molecular Biology Service, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Scano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Molecular Biology Service, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy;
| | | | - Enrico Sanjust
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (M.D.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (E.S.); Tel.: +39-079-2841710 (A.B.)
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28
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Ma X, Wu Y, Li Y, Huang Y, Liu Y, Luo P, Zhang Z. Rapid discrimination of Notopterygium incisum and Notopterygium franchetii based on characteristic compound profiles detected by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS coupled with multivariate analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2020; 31:355-365. [PMID: 31908072 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The herbs Notopterygium incisum (NI) and N. franchetii (NF) are referred to as "Qianghuo" in the Chinese Pharmacopeia and are popular for treatment of certain conditions, including headaches, rheumatoid arthritis and the common cold. Recently, several adulterations of NI and NF have been found in the Chinese herbal market. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to rapidly identify the unique characteristic compounds of NI and NF, to discriminate Qianghuo from its adulterations. METHODOLOGY Twenty-four batches of NI and NF samples with different origins were collected and extracted with methanol. The extracts were analysed using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS). Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial squared discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were then used to distinguish between NI and NF and to identify their potential characteristic markers. RESULTS Fifty compounds were identified or tentatively characterised according to the retention time, m/z value and MS/MS fragment analysis. Six compounds were selected as potential markers of NI and NF by PCA and OPLS-DA. They were successfully applied to authenticate 17 kinds of Chinese patent medicines containing Qianghuo. The markers could not be detected in three of the Chinese patent medicines, indicating that they were counterfeit products. CONCLUSION The UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS coupled with the multivariate analysis method could discriminate NI and NF from their adulterations. Moreover, the data clearly demonstrated significant differences in the chemical compositions of NI and NF. Further research is needed to examine the relationship between therapeutic efficacy and the chemical constituents of NI and NF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Ma
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Youjiao Wu
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yanfei Huang
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Pei Luo
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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Li J, Huang SY, Deng Q, Li G, Su G, Liu J, David Wang HM. Extraction and characterization of phenolic compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities from pickled radish. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 136:111050. [PMID: 31843533 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.111050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The pickled radish can be kept at room temperature for years without spoilage. 2,6-dihydroxyacetophenone (DHAP), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (HBA), and 4-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol (4-HPEA) were first found from the pickled radish. The structures of three phenolic compounds were elucidated by analysis of their nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution electro-spray ionization mass spectrometry data. All these phenolic compounds showed good free radical scavenging capacity except HBA. Both DHAP and 4-HPEA also showed high ferric reducing ability. DHAP showed good antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Canidia albicans. HBA demonstrated antimicrobial activity against E. coli and C. albicans but not B. subtilis. Based on the results of MTT assay, these compounds did not show cytotoxicity to LO2 cell line. All results indicated the pickled radish had antioxidant and antimicrobial phenolic compounds. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first to answer partially the question of why pickled foods can be kept at room temperature for years without spoilage based on the evidence of three phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Shi-Ying Huang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Qianying Deng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Guiling Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Guocheng Su
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Hui-Min David Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
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30
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Su X, Wu Y, Li Y, Huang Y, Liu Y, Luo P, Zhang Z. Effect of Different Post-Harvest Processing Methods on the Chemical Constituents of Notopterygium franchetii by an UHPLC-QTOF-MS-MS Metabolomics Approach. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173188. [PMID: 31480764 PMCID: PMC6749590 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Notopterygium franchetii is a herb used in traditional Chinese medicine, where it is known as qianghuo. Its bioactive qualities are influenced by the post-harvest processing methods used (such as drying). However, changes in chemical components according to the drying method are unknown. Fresh roots and rhizomes of N. franchetii were subjected to seven drying methods. Chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with targeted and untargeted analyses were used to investigate relationships between drying methods and chemical concentrations. According to targeted evaluations of the six main bioactive constituents, their total contents decreased significantly in all drying methods. Hierarchical clustering analysis of the drying methods and total metabolome detected 30 chemical constituents, for which heap maps were obtained. Hot air drying was the best processing method, producing the least chemical changes at the lowest cost, while shade drying caused the greatest chemical changes. In conclusion, the wide range of chemical changes in N. franchetii caused by drying was investigated. Such changes potentially affect the quality of herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Su
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Youjiao Wu
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 853, China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yanfei Huang
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Pei Luo
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 853, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 853, China.
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Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Natural Yellow Pigment from Physalis pubescens L. and Its Antioxidant Activities. J CHEM-NY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/7861639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Physalis pubescens L. is rich in natural pigments but has not yet been fully utilized. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of yellow pigment from Physalis pubescens L. was investigated by response surface methodology in this study. Optimal parameters were ultrasonic power of 29.21%, ultrasonic time of 14.41 min, and ultrasonic interval time of 10.55 s. The yield was 0.193% under optimal parameters. FRAP, ABTS, and superoxide radical scavenging activity of the yellow pigment were 6.11 ± 0.22 mmol/g, 2.80 ± 0.27 mmol/g, and 57281.5 ± 2749.5 U/g, respectively. The results showed that the yield of yellow pigment could be improved by ultrasonic-assisted extraction and the yellow pigment extracted by ultrasound had antioxidant activity.
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Zhao XJ, Xing TT, Li YF, Jiao BN, Jiang D. Efficient analysis of phytochemical constituents in the peel of Chinese wild citrus Mangshanju (Citrus reticulata
Blanco) by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:1947-1959. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Juan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture; Southwest University; Chongqing P. R. China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Citrus Research Institute; Southwest University; Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Tian Tian Xing
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Yuan Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Bi Ning Jiao
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Citrus Research Institute; Southwest University; Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Citrus Research Institute; Southwest University; Chongqing P. R. China
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Rapid Residue Determination of Cyenopyrafen in Citrus Peel, Pulp, and Whole Fruit Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1197-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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34
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Optimization of aqueous pectin extraction from Citrus medica peel. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 178:27-33. [PMID: 29050593 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.08.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of aqueous extraction conditions (temperature of 70-90°C, time of 60-180min, and liquid/solid ratio (LSR) of 20-40v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE) of Citrus medica peel pectin was studied using a Box-Behnken design. The highest production yield of pectin (21.85±0.35%) was obtained at temperature of 90°C, extraction time of 180min and LSR of 40v/w as optimum extraction conditions which was close to the predicted value (24.13%). In these extraction conditions, the DE and the emulsifying activity were 77.2 and 46.5%, respectively. Also, the emulsions were 90.30 and 90% stable at 4°C, and 83.87 and 83.50% at 25°C after 1 and 30days, respectively. The determination of flow behavior showed that the pectin solutions had a Newtonian behavior at low concentrations (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0%w/v), while in higher concentration (2.0%w/v), the pseudoplastic flow behavior became dominant.
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Cheng L, Ren Y, Lin D, Peng S, Zhong B, Ma Z. The Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Citrus wilsonii Tanaka Extract in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 and Primary Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071213. [PMID: 28753918 PMCID: PMC6152223 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
‘Zhique’ (Citrus wilsonii Tanaka) is a traditional Chinese medicine. Its fruits have been used to treat inflammation-related symptoms, such as cough and sputum, though the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of ‘Zhique’ pulp extract (ZQE) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and primary mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). The flavonoid profiles of the ZQE were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in LPS-induced inflammatory RAW 264.7 macrophages and BMDCs through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot assays. Naringin was a predominant flavonoid occurring in ZQE, followed by eriocitrin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, rhoifolin, naringenin, and poncirin. ZQE exhibited a very low cytotoxicity in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Meanwhile, ZQE significantly inhibited the production of prostaglandins E2 and secretion of cyclooxygenase-2 protein in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, and markedly suppressed the mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and IL-6 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and/or primary BMDCs. The ZQE inhibited the inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophages and BMDCs triggered by LPS. The results suggested that ‘Zhique’ has a high potential as a novel therapeutic agent to treat chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Cheng
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yujie Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Dingbo Lin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 419 Human Sciences, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - Shu'ang Peng
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Bo Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Zhaocheng Ma
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Gargouri B, Ammar S, Verardo V, Besbes S, Segura-Carretero A, Bouaziz M. RP-HPLC–DAD-ESI-TOF–MS based strategy for new insights into the qualitative and quantitative phenolic profile in Tunisian industrial Citrus Limon by-product and their antioxidant activity. Eur Food Res Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-017-2904-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhang Y, Chen S, Wei C, Gong H, Li L, Ye X. Chemical and Cellular Assays Combined with In Vitro Digestion to Determine the Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids from Chinese Bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.) Leaves. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167484. [PMID: 27911932 PMCID: PMC5135101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is highly associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases and cancer and has drawn great attention. Natural products suggest a potential role in prevention of these disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and anti-cancer properties of Chinese bayberry leaves (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.) flavonoids (BLF) comprehensively through the combination of in vitro digestion, chemical and cellular antioxidant assays. Based on the LC/MS data, the major flavonoids of BLF were myricitrin and quercetin 3-rhamnoside. BLF owned strong chemical and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) with its CAA value at 4253.884 ± 435.366 μmol of QE/100 g DW. After the in vitro digestion, the total flavonoids content, myricitrin and quercetin 3-rhamnoside decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Lower levels of the total flavonoid content and cellular uptake of myricitrin and quercetin 3-rhamnoside might contribute to the lower CAA value of digested BLF (DBLF). However, DBLF still owns considerable chemical antioxidant activities and CAA compared with many plants. Furthermore, both BLF and DBLF exhibited dose-dependent relationship against HepG2 proliferation. Taken together, BLF has a great potential to be developed as a natural antioxidant for promoting public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Zhejiang University, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiguo Chen
- Zhejiang University, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaoyang Wei
- Zhejiang University, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Zhejiang University, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanqi Li
- Zhejiang University, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- Zhejiang University, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
CONTEXT Naringin is a natural flavanone glycoside that is found in the Chinese herbal medicines and citrus fruits. Studies have demonstrated that naringin possesses numerous biological and pharmacological properties, but few reviews of these studies have been performed. OBJECTIVE The present review gathers the fragmented information available in the literature describing the extraction of naringin, its pharmacology and its controlled release formulations. Current research progress and the therapeutic potential of naringin are also discussed. METHODS A literature survey for relevant information regarding the biological and pharmacological properties of naringin was conducted using Pubmed, Sciencedirect, MEDLINE, Springerlink and Google Scholar electronic databases from the year 2007-2015. RESULTS Naringin modulates signalling pathways and interacts with signalling molecules and thus has a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer activities, as well as effects on bone regeneration, metabolic syndrome, oxidative stress, genetic damage and central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Information was gathered that showed the extraction of naringin can be improved using several modifications. There has been some progress in the development of controlled release formulations of naringin. CONCLUSION Naringin is a promising candidate for further in vivo studies and clinical use. More detailed studies regarding its mechanism of action are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- a Medical Faculty , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan Province , China
- b The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province , Kunming , Yunnan Province , China
- c Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan Province , China
| | - Qiao-Ling Qi
- d Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D , Dali University , Dali , Yunnan Province , China
| | - Meng-Ting Wang
- a Medical Faculty , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan Province , China
- b The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province , Kunming , Yunnan Province , China
- c Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan Province , China
| | - Qi-Yan Li
- a Medical Faculty , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan Province , China
- b The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province , Kunming , Yunnan Province , China
- c Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan Province , China
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Gualdani R, Cavalluzzi MM, Lentini G, Habtemariam S. The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Citrus Limonoids. Molecules 2016; 21:E1530. [PMID: 27845763 PMCID: PMC6273274 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus limonoids (CLs) are a group of highly oxygenated terpenoid secondary metabolites found mostly in the seeds, fruits and peel tissues of citrus fruits such as lemons, limes, oranges, pumellos, grapefruits, bergamots, and mandarins. Represented by limonin, the aglycones and glycosides of CLs have shown to display numerous pharmacological activities including anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic and insecticidal among others. In this review, the chemistry and pharmacology of CLs are systematically scrutinised through the use of medicinal chemistry tools and structure-activity relationship approach. Synthetic derivatives and other structurally-related limonoids from other sources are include in the analysis. With the focus on literature in the past decade, the chemical classification of CLs, their physico-chemical properties as drugs, their biosynthesis and enzymatic modifications, possible ways of enhancing their biological activities through structural modifications, their ligand efficiency metrics and systematic graphical radar plot analysis to assess their developability as drugs are among those discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Gualdani
- Department of Chemistry "U. Shiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Florence 50019, Italy.
| | - Maria Maddalena Cavalluzzi
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Studies of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona n. 4, Bari 70126, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Lentini
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Studies of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona n. 4, Bari 70126, Italy.
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories & Herbal Analysis Services, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Charham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
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Liu X, Jia Y, Hu Y, Xia X, Li Y, Zhou J, Liu Y. Effect of Citrus wilsonii Tanaka extract combined with alginate-calcium coating on quality maintenance of white shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone). Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sun D, Zhu Y, Pang J, Zhou Z, Jiao B. Residue level, persistence and safety of spirodiclofen–pyridaben mixture in citrus fruits. Food Chem 2016; 194:805-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wang ST, Gao W, Fan YX, Liu XG, Liu K, Du Y, Wang LL, Li HJ, Li P, Yang H. Phenol profiles and antioxidant capacities of Bistort Rhizoma (Polygonum bistorta L.) extracts. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00687f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work demonstrated that the crude Bistort Rhizoma (BR) extracts exhibit an antioxidant effectiveness, which significantly correlated with the content of TP, showing that TP may be responsible for the antioxidant activity of BR extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Teng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-Xi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling-Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People’s Republic of China
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Menichini F, Tundis R, Loizzo MR, Bonesi M, D’Angelo D, Lombardi P, Mastellone V. Citrus medica L. cv Diamante (Rutaceae) peel extract improves glycaemic status of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats and protects against oxidative stress. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:1270-6. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1115400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Menichini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy and
| | - Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy and
| | - Monica R. Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy and
| | - Marco Bonesi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy and
| | - Danila D’Angelo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Lombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mastellone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Zhao J, Ge LY, Xiong W, Leong F, Huang LQ, Li SP. Advanced development in phytochemicals analysis of medicine and food dual purposes plants used in China (2011-2014). J Chromatogr A 2015; 1428:39-54. [PMID: 26385085 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In 2011, we wrote a review for summarizing the phytochemical analysis (2006-2010) of medicine and food dual purposes plants used in China (Zhao et al., J. Chromatogr. A 1218 (2011) 7453-7475). Since then, more than 750 articles related to their phytochemical analysis have been published. Therefore, an updated review for the advanced development (2011-2014) in this topic is necessary for well understanding the quality control and health beneficial phytochemicals in these materials, as well as their research trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Li-Ya Ge
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Wei Xiong
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Fong Leong
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Shao-Ping Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao.
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