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Tene ST, Adebo OA, Ndinteh DT, Olusegun Obilana A, Foffe HAK, Kenfack JO, Kamdem MHK, Klang JM, Womeni HM. Effect of variety and malting conditions on proteolytic activity, free amino nitrogen, and soluble protein contents of two maize varieties ( Atp-Y and Coca-sr): amylolytic activity and physico-chemical and functional properties of optimal sample. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1163915. [PMID: 37609486 PMCID: PMC10440425 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1163915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The utilization of sprouted meals in beer production and enhancing the physicochemical properties of supplementary foods is widespread in Africa. This work aimed to determine the influence of soaking, germination, maturation and variety conditions on the physicochemical properties, proteolytic activity, free amino nitrogen (FAN) and soluble protein contents of Coca-sr and Atp-Y maize varieties. Methods To achieve this, the central composite design (CCD) was used for the optimization of five parameters, namely soaking time (18-42 h), plant salt concentration (0.5-1.2%), soaking temperature (25-41°C), sprouting time (80-195 h) and ripening time (17.50-42 h), and following dependent variables were investigated: proteolytic activity, FAN content and soluble protein. Optimal samples flours obtained were then subsequently subjected to physicochemical and functional analysis. Results The analysis of results showed that the linear, interactive and quadratic effects of the factors significantly (p<0.05) affected the proteolytic activity, FAN and soluble protein contents of both varieties. The direction of each factor's variation and its effects were not similar in the two varieties. The optimal malting conditions were 7.31 h soaking with 1.678% vegetable salt at a temperature of 34.65°C followed by sprouting for 245.59 h and maturation for 0.765 h for the Atp-Y variety. For the Coca-sr variety, it requires 1.608 h of soaking with 1.678% vegetable salt at a temperature of 51.93°C followed by 273.94 h and 58.73 h for sprouting and ripening time respectively. The meals of Coca-sr produces using these optimal conditions showed a significantly (p<0.05) higher proteolytic activity, FAN and soluble protein content. The amylolytic activity was more pronounced in the Atp-Y variety, as was the content of essential amino acids. The above optimal conditions reduced the content of anti-nutrients (phytates, saponins, oxalates, condensed and hydrolysable tannins), improved the availability of minerals (Ca and Mg), reduced the pH, mass density, water retention capacity and swelling rate. Conclusion As a result, the optimal flours of these two maize varieties could be applied in the formulation of supplementary foods, bakery products and beer by industrialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephano Tambo Tene
- Research Unit of Biochemistry of Medicinal Plants, Food Sciences and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Oluwafemi Ayodeji Adebo
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Derek Tantoh Ndinteh
- Centre for Natural Products Research, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Anthony Olusegun Obilana
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Hermann Arantes Kohole Foffe
- Research Unit of Biochemistry of Medicinal Plants, Food Sciences and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Justine Odelonne Kenfack
- Research Unit of Biochemistry of Medicinal Plants, Food Sciences and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Michael Hermann Kengne Kamdem
- Centre for Natural Products Research, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Julie Mathilde Klang
- Research Unit of Biochemistry of Medicinal Plants, Food Sciences and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Hilaire Macaire Womeni
- Research Unit of Biochemistry of Medicinal Plants, Food Sciences and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
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Liang X, Kong Y, Sun H, Zhao R, Jiao L, Zhang W, Liu B. Study on the Interaction Mechanism of Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol Maleimide with Sweet Potato β-Amylase. Molecules 2023; 28:2188. [PMID: 36903434 PMCID: PMC10005407 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, sweet potato β-amylase (SPA) was modified by methoxy polyethylene glycol maleimide (molecular weight 5000, Mal-mPEG5000) to obtain the Mal-mPEG5000-SPA modified β-amylase and the interaction mechanism between SPA and Mal-mPEG5000 was investigated. the changes in the functional groups of different amide bands and modifications in the secondary structure of enzyme protein were analyzed using infrared spectroscopy and circular dichroism spectroscopy. The addition of Mal-mPEG5000 transformed the random curl in the SPA secondary structure into a helix structure, forming a folded structure. The Mal-mPEG5000 improved the thermal stability of SPA and protected the structure of the protein from breaking by the surrounding. The thermodynamic analysis further implied that the intermolecular forces between SPA and Mal-mPEG5000 were hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds due to the positive values of ΔHθ and ΔSθ. Furthermore, the calorie titration data showed that the binding stoichiometry for the complexation of Mal-mPEG5000 to SPA was 1.26, and the binding constant was 1.256 × 107 mol/L. The binding reaction resulted from negative enthalpy, indicating that the interaction of SPA and Mal-mPEG5000 was induced by the van der Waals force and hydrogen bonding. The UV results showed the formation of non-luminescent material during the interaction, the Fluorescence results confirmed that the mechanism between SPA and Mal-mPEG5000 was static quenching. According to the fluorescence quenching measurement, the binding constant (KA) values were 4.65 × 104 L·mol-1 (298K), 5.56 × 104 L·mol-1 (308K), and 6.91 × 104 L·mol-1 (318K), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Liang
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, School of Food Science, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Yaxin Kong
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, School of Food Science, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Huadi Sun
- Xinxiang Institute of Engineering, School of Food Engineering, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Ruixiang Zhao
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, School of Food Science, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Lingxia Jiao
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, School of Food Science, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Wanli Zhang
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, School of Food Science, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Xinxiang Institute of Engineering, School of Food Engineering, Xinxiang 453003, China
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Boateng ID, Kuehnel L, Daubert CR, Agliata J, Zhang W, Kumar R, Flint-Garcia S, Azlin M, Somavat P, Wan C. Updating the status quo on the extraction of bioactive compounds in agro-products using a two-pot multivariate design. A comprehensive review. Food Funct 2023; 14:569-601. [PMID: 36537225 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02520e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extraction is regarded as the most crucial stage in analyzing bioactive compounds. Nonetheless, due to the intricacy of the matrix, numerous aspects must be optimized during the extraction of bioactive components. Although one variable at a time (OVAT) is mainly used, this is time-consuming and laborious. As a result, using an experimental design in the optimization process is beneficial with few experiments and low costs. This article critically reviewed two-pot multivariate techniques employed in extracting bioactive compounds in food in the last decade. First, a comparison of the parametric screening methods (factorial design, Taguchi, and Plackett-Burman design) was delved into, and its advantages and limitations in helping to select the critical extraction parameters were discussed. This was followed by a discussion of the response surface methodologies (central composite (CCD), Doehlert (DD), orthogonal array (OAD), mixture, D-optimal, and Box-Behnken designs (BBD), etc.), which are used to optimize the most critical variables in the extraction of bioactive compounds in food, providing a sequential comprehension of the linear and complex interactions and multiple responses and robustness tests. Next, the benefits, drawbacks, and possibilities of various response surface methodologies (RSM) and some of their usages were discussed, with food chemistry, analysis, and processing from the literature. Finally, extraction of food bioactive compounds using RSM was compared to artificial neural network modeling with their drawbacks discussed. We recommended that future experiments could compare these designs (BBD vs. CCD vs. DD, etc.) in the extraction of food-bioactive compounds. Besides, more research should be done comparing response surface methodologies and artificial neural networks regarding their practicality and limitations in extracting food-bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Duah Boateng
- Food Science Program, Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Science, University of Missouri, 1406 E Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Lucas Kuehnel
- Department of Biomedical, Biological, and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Christopher R Daubert
- College of Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Joseph Agliata
- Food Science Program, Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Science, University of Missouri, 1406 E Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Wenxue Zhang
- Food Science Program, Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Science, University of Missouri, 1406 E Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Food Science Program, Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Science, University of Missouri, 1406 E Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Sherry Flint-Garcia
- US Department of Agriculture, Plant Genetics Research Unit, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Mustapha Azlin
- Food Science Program, Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Science, University of Missouri, 1406 E Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Pavel Somavat
- Food Science Program, Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Science, University of Missouri, 1406 E Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Department of Biomedical, Biological, and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Caixia Wan
- Department of Biomedical, Biological, and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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Saini R, Adhikary A, Juneja S, Kumar R, Singh I, Nayyar H, Kumar S. Drought priming triggers diverse metabolic adjustments and induces chilling tolerance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:418-439. [PMID: 36493590 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) suffers from chilling stress at the reproductive stage (<15 °C) which leads to significant yield loss. This study presents a comprehensive plant response to drought priming and its effect on chilling tolerance during the reproductive stage in two chickpea cultivars PBG1 and PBG5. Lipidome profiling (Fatty acid methyl esters analysis), metabolome profiling (GC-MS based untargeted analysis), fatty acid desaturases and antioxidative gene expression (qRT-PCR) were analyzed to monitor physiological and biochemical events after priming during flowering, podding and seed filling stages. Drought priming alleviated membrane damage and chlorophyll degradation by increasing membrane unsaturated fatty acids (18:3) along with up-regulation of various fatty acid desaturases (CaFADs) genes and antioxidative machinery during flowering and improved seed yield in PBG5. PCA, HCA, and KEGG pathway analysis of 87 identified metabolites showed that metabolites were regulated differently in both cultivars under non-primed and primed conditions. The plant response was more apparent at flowering and podding stages which coincided with chilling temperature (<15 °C). Drought priming stimulated many important genes, especially FADs, antioxidative proteins and accumulation of key metabolites (proline and TCA intermediates) required for defense especially in PBG5. This explains that plant's response to drought priming not only depends on developmental stage, and temperature regime (<15 °C) but also on the genotypic-specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Saini
- Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Arindam Adhikary
- Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Sumandeep Juneja
- Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Rashpal Kumar
- Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Inderjit Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Harsh Nayyar
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India; Department of Botany, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India.
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Murakami M, Osanai T. Biochemical Properties of β-Amylase from Red Algae and Improvement of Its Thermostability through Immobilization. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:36195-36205. [PMID: 36278071 PMCID: PMC9583313 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
β-Amylase hydrolyzes polysaccharides, such as starch, into maltose. It is used as an industrial enzyme in the production of food and pharmaceuticals. The eukaryotic red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae is a unicellular alga that grows at an optimum pH of 2.0-3.0 and an optimum temperature of 40-50 °C. By focusing on the thermostability and acid resistance of the proteins of C. merolae, we investigated the properties of β-amylase from C. merolae (hereafter CmBAM) and explored the possibility of using CmBAM as an industrial enzyme. CmBAM showed the highest activity at 47 °C and pH 6.0. CmBAM had a relatively higher specificity for amylose as a substrate than for starch. Immobilization of CmBAM on a silica gel carrier improved storage stability and thermostability, allowing the enzyme to be reused. The optimum temperature and pH of CmBAM were comparable to those of existing β-amylases from barley and wheat. C. merolae does not use amylose, but CmBAM has a substrate specificity for both amylose and amylopectin but not for glycogen. Among the several β-amylases reported, CmBAM was unique, with a higher specificity for amylose than for starch. The high specificity of CmBAM for amylose suggests that isoamylase and pullulanase, which cleave the α-1,6 bonds of starch, may act together in vivo. Compared with several reported immobilized plant-derived β-amylases, immobilized CmBAM was comparable to β-amylase, with the highest reusability and the third-highest storage stability at 30 days of storage. In addition, immobilized CmBAM has improved thermostability by 15-20 °C, which can lead to wider applications and easier handling.
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Adhikary A, Saini R, Kumar R, Singh I, Ramakrishna W, Kumar S. Pseudomonas citronellolis alleviates arsenic toxicity and maintains cellular homeostasis in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 184:26-39. [PMID: 35623111 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a hazardous metalloid that causes detrimental effects on plant growth and metabolism. Plants accumulate arsenic in edible parts that consequently enter the food chain leading to many health problems. Metal tolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) ameliorate heavy metal toxicity. In this study, the effect of arsenic (As5+) and the role of PGPB Pseudomonas citronellolis (PC) in mitigating As5+ toxicity and associated metabolic alterations in chickpea were assessed. Five chickpea varieties (PBG1, GPF2, PDG3, PDG4 and PBG5) were evaluated for arsenic accumulation, translocation, and its interference with metabolic and defense processes. As5+ (40 mg kg-1) interfered with plant metabolism and enhanced the antioxidative and carbohydrate metabolizing enzyme's activity but PC treatment maintained the activity at par with control. PC also facilitated the accumulation of As5+ in the root system and restricted its translocation to the shoot. Further, to map the metabolic changes, Gas chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) based metabolite profiling and gene expression analysis (qRT-PCR) were performed in the best and worst-performing chickpea varieties (PBG1 and PBG5). 48 metabolites of various metabolic pathways (amino acid, carbohydrate, and fatty acid) were altered in As5+ and PC treatment. Gene expressions showed correlation with biochemical analysis of the antioxidative enzymes and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes while PC treatment improved chlorophyll biosynthesis enzyme CaDALA expression in As5+ treated plants. Therefore, PC mitigates As5+ toxicity by restricting it in the roots thereby maintaining the cellular homeostasis under As5+ stress in chickpeas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Adhikary
- Centre for Biosciences, Central University of Punjab, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Rashmi Saini
- Centre for Biosciences, Central University of Punjab, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Rashpal Kumar
- Centre for Biosciences, Central University of Punjab, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Inderjit Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141027, India
| | - Wusirika Ramakrishna
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, School of Basic Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Centre for Biosciences, Central University of Punjab, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India; Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, School of Basic Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India.
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Li G, Wei X, Wu R, Zhou W, Li Y, Zhu Z, You C. Stoichiometric Conversion of Maltose for Biomanufacturing by In Vitro Synthetic Enzymatic Biosystems. BIODESIGN RESEARCH 2022; 2022:9806749. [PMID: 37850132 PMCID: PMC10521662 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9806749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Maltose is a natural α-(1,4)-linked disaccharide with wide applications in food industries and microbial fermentation. However, maltose has scarcely been used for in vitro biosynthesis, possibly because its phosphorylation by maltose phosphorylase (MP) yields β-glucose 1-phosphate (β-G1P) that cannot be utilized by α-phosphoglucomutase (α-PGM) commonly found in in vitro synthetic enzymatic biosystems previously constructed by our group. Herein, we designed an in vitro synthetic enzymatic reaction module comprised of MP, β-phosphoglucomutase (β-PGM), and polyphosphate glucokinase (PPGK) for the stoichiometric conversion of each maltose molecule to two glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) molecules. Based on this synthetic module, we further constructed two in vitro synthetic biosystems to produce bioelectricity and fructose 1,6-diphosphate (FDP), respectively. The 14-enzyme biobattery achieved a Faraday efficiency of 96.4% and a maximal power density of 0.6 mW/cm2, whereas the 5-enzyme in vitro FDP-producing biosystem yielded 187.0 mM FDP from 50 g/L (139 mM) maltose by adopting a fed-batch substrate feeding strategy. Our study not only suggests new application scenarios for maltose but also provides novel strategies for the high-efficient production of bioelectricity and value-added biochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 1038 Dagu Nanlu, Hexi District, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xinlei Wei
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Ranran Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yunjie Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308China
| | - Chun You
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308China
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Azzane A, Amssayef A, Eddouks M. Antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic Effect of Moricandia suffruticosa in Normal and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:CHDDT-EPUB-123526. [PMID: 35570561 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x22666220513124452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS OF THE STUDY The present work aimed to assess the antihyperglycemic and antohyperlipidemic effects ofMoricandia suffruticosa. BACKGROUND Moricandia suffruticosa (M. suffruticosa) is used in traditional medicine. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic effects of M. suffruticosa and its effect on glycogen content in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic rats. METHODS The effect of the aqueous extract of M. suffruticosa (AEMS) at a two doses of 100 and 140 mg/kg on blood glucose levels, lipid, lipoprotein profile, and glycogen content was examined in normal and streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. On the other hand, a preliminary phytochemical screening and quantification of phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents were carried out. RESULTS The results demonstrated that AEMS exhibits antihyperglycemic activity in diabetic rats during both acute and subchronic essays. Furthermore, AEMS revealed an antidyslipidemic effect concerning the level of triglycerides, total cholesterol, very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and non-high density lipoproteins (Non-HDL). In contrast, AEMS has not affected the value of glycemia, lipids, and lipoproteins in normal rats. In addition, AEMS is rich in several phytochemical compounds. Furthermore, AEMS revealed an important in vitro antioxidant activity. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the study demonstrates that M. suffruticosa exhibits an important antihyperglycemic effect in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Azzane
- Team of Ethnopharmacology & Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 509, Boutalamine, 52000. Errachidia. Morocco
| | - Ayoub Amssayef
- Team of Ethnopharmacology & Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 509, Boutalamine, 52000. Errachidia. Morocco
| | - Mohamed Eddouks
- Team of Ethnopharmacology & Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 509, Boutalamine, 52000. Errachidia. Morocco
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Biochemical Insights into the functionality of a novel thermostable β-amylase from Dioclea reflexa. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Wang Z, Ma S, Huang J, Li L, Sun B, Tian X, Wang X. Biochemical properties of type I sourdough affected by wheat bran dietary fibre during fermentation. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Sen Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Jihong Huang
- College of Biological Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Li Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Binghua Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Xiaoling Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Xiaoxi Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
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Batista BN, Matias RR, Oliveira RLE, Albuquerque PM. Hydrolytic enzyme production from açai palm (Euterpe precatoria) endophytic fungi and characterization of the amylolytic and cellulolytic extracts. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:30. [PMID: 34989888 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03217-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are biocatalysts that are widely used in different industries and generate billions of dollars annually. With the advancement of biotechnology, new enzymatic sources are being evaluated, especially microbial ones, in order to find efficient producers. Endophytic fungi are promising sources of biomolecules; however, Amazonian species are still poorly studied as to their enzymatic production potential. In this sense, the production of hydrolases (amylases, lipases, cellulases and pectinases) was evaluated in endophytic fungi isolated from the leaves, roots and stems of açai palms (Euterpe precatoria). A qualitative test was carried out to detect the enzymatic synthesis in each isolate, and the most promising ones were cultivated using submerged fermentation. The enzyme extracts were quantified to determine those with the greatest activity. Cellulolytic and amylolytic extracts showed the highest enzymatic activities and were partially characterized. Among 50 isolates, 82.9% produced pectinase, 58.5% produced cellulase, 31.7% produced amylase, and 12.2% produced lipase. Penicillium sp. L3 was the best producer of amylase and Colletotrichum sp. S1 was the best producer of cellulase in liquid medium cultivation. The amylolytic extract showed the highest enzymatic activity at pH 8.0 and 45 °C, and the cellulolytic extract at pH 5.0 and 35 °C. The cellulase and amylase produced by the endophytes had their molecular masses estimated between 38 and 76 kDa. These results indicate that endophytic fungi from the açai palm can be used as a new source of hydrolytic enzymes, which can be applied in numerous biotechnological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Nunes Batista
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Rede Bionorte, Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, 69050-020, Brazil.,Laboratório de Química Aplicada à Tecnologia, Escola Superior de Tecnologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, 69065-001, Brazil
| | - Rosiane Rodrigues Matias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Rede Bionorte, Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, 69050-020, Brazil.,Laboratório de Química Aplicada à Tecnologia, Escola Superior de Tecnologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, 69065-001, Brazil
| | - Rafael Lopes E Oliveira
- Laboratório de Química Aplicada à Tecnologia, Escola Superior de Tecnologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, 69065-001, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Melchionna Albuquerque
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Rede Bionorte, Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, 69050-020, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Química Aplicada à Tecnologia, Escola Superior de Tecnologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, 69065-001, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Recursos Naturais da Amazônia, Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, 69065-001, Brazil.
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Cai C, Chen X, Li F, Tan Z. Three-phase partitioning based on CO2-responsive deep eutectic solvents for the green and sustainable extraction of lipid from Nannochloropsis sp. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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13
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Yusree FIFM, Peter AP, Mohd Nor MZ, Show PL, Mokhtar MN. Latest Advances in Protein-Recovery Technologies from Agricultural Waste. Foods 2021; 10:2748. [PMID: 34829028 PMCID: PMC8618363 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, downstream bioprocessing industries are venturing into less tedious, simple, and high-efficiency separation by implementing advanced purification and extraction methods. This review discusses the separation of proteins, with the main focus on amylase as an enzyme from agricultural waste using conventional and advanced techniques of extraction and purification via a liquid biphasic system (LBS). In comparison to other methods, such as membrane extraction, precipitation, ultrasonication, and chromatography, the LBS stands out as an efficient, cost-effective, and adaptable developing method for protein recovery. The two-phase separation method can be water-soluble polymers, or polymer and salt, or alcohol and salt, which is a simpler and lower-cost method that can be used at a larger purification scale. The comparison of different approaches in LBS for amylase purification from agricultural waste is also included. Current technology has evolved from a simple LBS into microwave-assisted LBS, liquid biphasic flotation (LBF), thermoseparation (TMP), three-phase partitioning (TPP), ultrasound-assisted LBS, and electrically assisted LBS. pH, time, temperature, and concentration are some of the significant research parameters considered in the review of advanced techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Iylia Fatinee Mohd Yusree
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (F.I.F.M.Y.); (M.N.M.)
| | - Angela Paul Peter
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Zuhair Mohd Nor
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (F.I.F.M.Y.); (M.N.M.)
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Putra Infoport, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Noriznan Mokhtar
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (F.I.F.M.Y.); (M.N.M.)
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Sagu ST, Huschek G, Homann T, Rawel HM. Effect of Sample Preparation on the Detection and Quantification of Selected Nuts Allergenic Proteins by LC-MS/MS. Molecules 2021; 26:4698. [PMID: 34361856 PMCID: PMC8348345 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection and quantification of nut allergens remains a major challenge. The liquid chroma-tography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is emerging as one of the most widely used methods, but sample preparation prior to the analysis is still a key issue. The objective of this work was to establish optimized protocols for extraction, tryptic digestion and LC-MS analysis of almond, cashew, hazelnut, peanut, pistachio and walnut samples. Ammonium bicar-bonate/urea extraction (Ambi/urea), SDS buffer extraction (SDS), polyvinylpolypyrroli-done (PVPP) extraction, trichloroacetic acid/acetone extraction (TCA/acetone) and chloro-form/methanol/sodium chloride precipitation (CM/NaCl) as well as the performances of con-ventional tryptic digestion and microwave-assisted breakdown were investigated. Overall, the protein extraction yields ranged from 14.9 ± 0.5 (almond extract from CM/NaCl) to 76.5 ± 1.3% (hazelnut extract from Ambi/urea). Electrophoretic profiling showed that the SDS extraction method clearly presented a high amount of extracted proteins in the range of 0-15 kDa, 15-35 kDa, 35-70 kDa and 70-250 kDa compared to the other methods. The linearity of the LC-MS methods in the range of 0 to 0.4 µg equivalent defatted nut flour was assessed and recovery of internal standards GWGG and DPLNV(d8)LKPR ranged from 80 to 120%. The identified bi-omarkers peptides were used to relatively quantifier selected allergenic protein form the inves-tigated nut samples. Considering the overall results, it can be concluded that SDS buffer allows a better protein extraction from almond, peanut and walnut samples while PVPP buffer is more appropriate for cashew, pistachio and hazelnut samples. It was also found that conventional overnight digestion is indicated for cashew, pistachio and hazelnut samples, while microwave assisted tryptic digestion is recommended for almond, hazelnut and peanut extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorel Tchewonpi Sagu
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (S.T.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Gerd Huschek
- GV-Institut für Getreideverarbeitung GmbH, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 40/41, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
| | - Thomas Homann
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (S.T.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Harshadrai M. Rawel
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (S.T.S.); (T.H.)
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15
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Microbial amylolytic enzymes in foods: Technological importance of the Bacillus genus. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cerqueira UMFM, Bezerra MA, Ferreira SLC, de Jesus Araújo R, da Silva BN, Novaes CG. Doehlert design in the optimization of procedures aiming food analysis - A review. Food Chem 2021; 364:130429. [PMID: 34284258 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present paper is presented a review on the application of Doehlert design in the optimization of some of the steps of analytical procedures aimed the analysis of food samples. The theoretical principles and the main characteristics of this type of design are described. In addition, the main advantages and limitations of Doehlert design over other designs (Central Composite Design and Box-Behnken) and its application in the area of food analysis are discussed. Finally, to illustrate its potential, some examples of Doehlert design application in other areas of food chemistry without the purpose of analytical determination will be briefly presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos Almeida Bezerra
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Campus da Federação/Ondina, Rua Barão de Geremoabo s/n, 40.170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Campus de Jequié, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologias, Rua José Moreira Sobrinho s/n, 45.206-190 Jequié, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Sérgio Luís Costa Ferreira
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Campus da Federação/Ondina, Rua Barão de Geremoabo s/n, 40.170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo de Jesus Araújo
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Campus da Federação/Ondina, Rua Barão de Geremoabo s/n, 40.170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Bruno Novaes da Silva
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Campus de Jequié, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologias, Rua José Moreira Sobrinho s/n, 45.206-190 Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Cleber Galvão Novaes
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Campus de Jequié, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologias, Rua José Moreira Sobrinho s/n, 45.206-190 Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
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17
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Effect of Cereal α-Amylase/Trypsin Inhibitors on Developmental Characteristics and Abundance of Digestive Enzymes of Mealworm Larvae ( Tenebrio molitor L.). INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12050454. [PMID: 34069260 PMCID: PMC8156395 DOI: 10.3390/insects12050454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The main nutritionally relevant proteins of Tenebrio molitor L. larvae are cereal proteins. Cereals contain α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) that interact with digestive enzymes and which may impair the growth of the larvae. Despite the existing work on the subject, there is still a lack of information regarding the effects of ATIs on the relative abundance of various enzymes in larvae. Our aim was therefore to undertake an assessment of the potential effects of ATIs on the growth parameters and digestive enzyme contents of T. molitor. The larvae were fed with cereal meals containing different levels of ATIs. The developmental characteristics were evaluated and finally an analytical method based on liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed to quantify the relative abundance of enzymes in the larvae. The results indicated an increase in pupation and significantly higher protein concentrations in larvae fed with wheat meals compared to those fed with sorghum meals. Patterns of specific α-amylase activity (in mM maltose/min/mg protein) were similar to those of amylase activity (in mM maltose/min) and the larvae fed on high-ATI-content meals exhibited an increased death rate, although the results were not always significantly consistent. The results of the LC-MS/MS analysis showed a decrease of about half of the relative content of α-amylase among the three proteases monitored, as well as an increase in dipeptidylpeptidase I and chymotrypsin, whereas trypsin remained constant. Therefore, these results indicate that meal composition has an effect on the expression of T. molitor digestive enzymes. Abstract The objective of this work was to investigate the potential effect of cereal α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) on growth parameters and selective digestive enzymes of Tenebrio molitor L. larvae. The approach consisted of feeding the larvae with wheat, sorghum and rice meals containing different levels and composition of α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors. The developmental and biochemical characteristics of the larvae were assessed over feeding periods of 5 h, 5 days and 10 days, and the relative abundance of α-amylase and selected proteases in larvae were determined using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Overall, weight gains ranged from 21% to 42% after five days of feeding. The larval death rate significantly increased in all groups after 10 days of feeding (p < 0.05), whereas the pupation rate was about 25% among larvae fed with rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Siyazan/Esperya wheat meals, and only 8% and 14% among those fed with Damougari and S35 sorghum meals. As determined using the Lowry method, the protein contents of the sodium phosphate extracts ranged from 7.80 ± 0.09 to 9.42 ± 0.19 mg/mL and those of the ammonium bicarbonate/urea reached 19.78 ± 0.16 to 37.47 ± 1.38 mg/mL. The total protein contents of the larvae according to the Kjeldahl method ranged from 44.0 and 49.9 g/100 g. The relative abundance of α-amylase, CLIP domain-containing serine protease, modular serine protease zymogen and C1 family cathepsin significantly decreased in the larvae, whereas dipeptidylpeptidase I and chymotrypsin increased within the first hours after feeding (p < 0.05). Trypsin content was found to be constant independently of time or feed material. Finally, based on the results we obtained, it was difficult to substantively draw conclusions on the likely effects of meal ATI composition on larval developmental characteristics, but their effects on the digestive enzyme expression remain relevant.
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Sagu ST, Zimmermann L, Landgräber E, Homann T, Huschek G, Özpinar H, Schweigert FJ, Rawel HM. Comprehensive Characterization and Relative Quantification of α-Amylase/Trypsin Inhibitors from Wheat Cultivars by Targeted HPLC-MS/MS. Foods 2020; 9:foods9101448. [PMID: 33066015 PMCID: PMC7600490 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) are discussed as being responsible for non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS), besides being known as allergenic components for baker’s asthma. Different approaches for characterization and quantification including proteomics-based methods for wheat ATIs have been documented. In these studies generally the major ATIs have been addressed. The challenge of current study was then to develop a more comprehensive workflow encompassing all reviewed wheat-ATI entries in UniProt database. To substantially test proof of concept, 46 German and Turkish wheat samples were used. Two extractions systems based on chloroform/methanol mixture (CM) and under buffered denaturing conditions were evaluated. Three aspects were optimized, tryptic digestion, chromatographic separation, and targeted tandem mass spectrometric analysis (HPLC-MS/MS). Preliminary characterization with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) documented the purity of the extracted ATIs with CM mixture and the amylase (60–80%)/trypsin (10–20%) inhibition demonstrated the bifunctional activity of ATIs. Thirteen (individual/common) biomarkers were established. Major ATIs (7–34%) were differently represented in samples. Finally, to our knowledge, the proposed HPLC-MS/MS method allowed for the first time so far the analysis of all 14 reviewed wheat ATI entries reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorel Tchewonpi Sagu
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Potsdam, Germany; (S.T.S.); (L.Z.); (E.L.); (T.H.); (F.J.S.)
| | - Lynn Zimmermann
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Potsdam, Germany; (S.T.S.); (L.Z.); (E.L.); (T.H.); (F.J.S.)
| | - Eva Landgräber
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Potsdam, Germany; (S.T.S.); (L.Z.); (E.L.); (T.H.); (F.J.S.)
| | - Thomas Homann
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Potsdam, Germany; (S.T.S.); (L.Z.); (E.L.); (T.H.); (F.J.S.)
| | - Gerd Huschek
- IGV-Institut für Getreideverarbeitung GmbH, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 40/41, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
| | - Haydar Özpinar
- Department of Gastronomy, Faculty of Applied Science, University of Altınbaş, Büyükdere Cad. No 147, 34394 Esentepe-İstanbul, Turkey;
| | - Florian J. Schweigert
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Potsdam, Germany; (S.T.S.); (L.Z.); (E.L.); (T.H.); (F.J.S.)
| | - Harshadrai M. Rawel
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Potsdam, Germany; (S.T.S.); (L.Z.); (E.L.); (T.H.); (F.J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-33200-88-5525 (ext. 5578)
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Boye A, Acheampong DO, Gyamerah EO, Asiamah EA, Addo JK, Mensah DA, Brah AS, Ayiku PJ. Glucose lowering and pancreato-protective effects of Abrus Precatorius (L.) leaf extract in normoglycemic and STZ/Nicotinamide - Induced diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 258:112918. [PMID: 32360561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Abrus precatorius (L.) leaves are used as folk medicine by the local communities in the western region of Ghana to treat diabetes mellitus; however, this health claim remains unverified scientifically. OBJECTIVE The study investigated glucose lowering and pancreato-protective effects of Abrus precatorius leaf extract (APLE) in normoglycemic and STZ/nicotinamide (NIC)-induced diabetic rats. METHOD after preparation of APLE, it was subjected to phytochemical screening, proximate composition and elemental assessments by using standard methods. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and maltose, lactose and sucrose oral challenge were assessed in normoglycemic rats post-APLE. Morphological characteristics of glucose response curve (time of glucose peak and shape of glucose response curve) were determined. Subsequently, diabetes mellitus was experimentally established in normoglycaemic adult Sprague-Dawley rats (weighing 150-250 g) of both sexes by sequential injection of Streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg ip)-reconstituted in sodium citrate buffer and NIC (110 mg/kg ip)-reconstituted in normal saline (1:1 v/v) for 16 weeks. Except control rats (normal saline 5 ml/kg ip; baseline fasting blood glucose [FBG] of 6.48 mmol/L), rats having FBG (stable at 11.1 mmol/L or ≥ 250 mg/dL) 3 days post-STZ/NIC injection were randomly re-assigned to one of the following groups: model (STZ/NIC-induced diabetic rats), APLE (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively po) and metformin (300 mg/kg po) and treated daily for 28 days. Bodyweight and FBG were measured on weekly basis. FBG was measured by using standard glucometers. On day 28, rats were sacrificed under chloroform anesthesia, blood collected via cardiac puncture; kidney, liver and pancreas surgically harvested. While the pancreas was processed, sectioned and H&E-stained for histological examination, fresh kidney and liver were homogenized for assessment of total anti-oxidant capacity. Median cross-sectional area of pancreatic islets of Langerhans was determined for each group by using Amscope. RESULTS Cumulatively, APLE (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively) dose-dependently decreased the initial FBG by 55.22, 76.15 and 77.77% respectively compared to model (-1.04%) and metformin (72.29%) groups. APLE treatment recovered damaged pancreatic β-cells and also increased median cross-sectional area (x106 μm2) of pancreatic islets compared to that of model group. APLE significantly (P < 0.05) increased total anti-oxidant capacity (5.21 ± 0.02 AscAE μg/mL) of plasma, kidney and liver compared to model (4.06 ± 0.04 AscAE μg/mL) and metformin (4.87 ± 0.03 AscAE μg/mL) groups. CONCLUSION APLE has demonstrated glucose lowering and pancreato-protective effects in rats and arrested the characteristic loss in bodyweight associated with diabetes mellitus. This finding preliminarily confirms folk use of APLE as an anti-diabetic herbal medicine, whiles providing a rationale for further translational studies on APLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Boye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
| | - Desmond Omane Acheampong
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Eric Ofori Gyamerah
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Ernest Amponsah Asiamah
- Departments of Forensic Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Justice Kwaku Addo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Derrick Addae Mensah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Augustine Suurinobah Brah
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Philippa Jennifer Ayiku
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Three phase partitioning as a rapid and efficient method for purification of plant-esterase from wheat flour. POLISH JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/pjct-2020-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Three-phase partitioning (TPP) was used to purify plant-esterase from wheat flour. Effect of various process parameters has been evaluated and plant-esterase was purified to 11.35-fold by optimized single step TPP system (50%, (w/v) (NH4)2SO4 saturation, 1:1 (v/v) ratio of crude extract: t-butanol at pH 4).The enzyme was found to be exclusively partitioned in the aqueous phase. Using TPP system, plant-esterase quickly purified to homogeneity with very high purity and activity. On the basis of single factor research, purification process was optimized by using response surface method, established a new type of high efficient purification plant-esterase method. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report for purification and characterization of plant-esterase by using three phase partitioning (TPP). The results indicated that, TPP is a simple, quick, economical and very attractive process for purification of plant-esterase compared to conventional chromatographic protocols.
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21
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TPP Combined with DGUC as an Economic and Universal Process for Large-Scale Purification of AAV Vectors. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2019; 17:34-48. [PMID: 31890739 PMCID: PMC6926265 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have been commonly purified through density gradient ultracentrifugation (DGUC) or column chromatography methods. Although the DGUC method can efficiently separate the empty from the full virus particles, its application in large-scale AAV purification is hindered due to its limitation in volume of each centrifuge tube. Alternatively, column chromatography is serotype-dependent, expensive, and complicated, which co-purifies both empty and full virus particles. In this study, we describe an economical and universal process using three-phase partitioning (TPP) combined with DGUC to purify large quantities of AAV vectors. First, TPP is used to remove up to 90% of the cellular impurities in the cell lysate and at the same time condense the AAV vectors into ∼10% of their original lysate volume. Second, two rounds of DGUC are employed to separate the empty from the full virus particles and at the same time remove the remaining cellular impurities. This combined process increases the capacity of ultracentrifugation by a factor of 5- to 10-fold depending on the yields of AAV serotypes. A variety of AAV serotypes such as AAV2, AAV5, AAV6, AAV9, and AAVDJ have been successfully purified with this process. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that TPP has no detrimental impact on AAV infectivity. In a proof of concept, we performed several purification runs ranging from 3 to 25 L of Sf9 culture volume. We were able to purify more than 3e+15 viral genomes (vg) of AAV vectors from 3 L of cell culture volume with just two SW28 centrifuge tubes in a Beckman Coulter ultracentrifuge. Our data indicate that this TPP-DGUC process is economic, universal, and can be used to purify a large quantity of AAV vectors for clinical applications with just a few ultracentrifuges.
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Tchewonpi Sagu S, Huschek G, Bönick J, Homann T, Rawel HM. A New Approach of Extraction of α-Amylase/trypsin Inhibitors from Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), Based on Optimization Using Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken Designs. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193589. [PMID: 31590396 PMCID: PMC6803881 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat is one of the most consumed foods in the world and unfortunately causes allergic reactions which have important health effects. The α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) have been identified as potentially allergen components of wheat. Due to a lack of data on optimization of ATI extraction, a new wheat ATIs extraction approach combining solvent extraction and selective precipitation is proposed in this work. Two types of wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.), Julius and Ponticus were used and parameters such as solvent type, extraction time, temperature, stirring speed, salt type, salt concentration, buffer pH and centrifugation speed were analyzed using the Plackett-Burman design. Salt concentration, extraction time and pH appeared to have significant effects on the recovery of ATIs (p < 0.01). In both wheat cultivars, Julius and Ponticus, ammonium sulfate substantially reduced protein concentration and inhibition of amylase activity (IAA) compared to sodium chloride. The optimal conditions with desirability levels of 0.94 and 0.91 according to the Doehlert design were: salt concentrations of 1.67 and 1.22 M, extraction times of 53 and 118 min, and pHs of 7.1 and 7.9 for Julius and Ponticus, respectively. The corresponding responses were: protein concentrations of 0.31 and 0.35 mg and IAAs of 91.6 and 83.3%. Electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/MS analysis showed that the extracted ATIs masses were between 10 and 20 kDa. Based on the initial LC-MS/MS analysis, up to 10 individual ATIs were identified in the extracted proteins under the optimal conditions. The positive implication of the present study lies in the quick assessment of their content in different varieties especially while considering their allergenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorel Tchewonpi Sagu
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Gerd Huschek
- IGV-Institut für Getreideverarbeitung GmbH, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 40/41, D-14558 Nuthetal OT Bergholz-Rehbrücke, Germany.
| | - Josephine Bönick
- IGV-Institut für Getreideverarbeitung GmbH, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 40/41, D-14558 Nuthetal OT Bergholz-Rehbrücke, Germany.
| | - Thomas Homann
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Harshadrai M Rawel
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Potsdam, Germany.
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23
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Leng MS, Tobit P, Demasse AM, Wolf K, Gouado I, Ndjouenkeu R, Rawel HM, Schweigert FJ. Nutritional and anti-oxidant properties of yam (Dioscorea schimperiana) based complementary food formulation. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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24
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Agrawal DC, Dwevedi A, Kayastha AM. Biochemical and thermodynamic characterization of de novo synthesized β-amylase from fenugreek. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:786-797. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Chemical Modification of Sweet Potato β-amylase by Mal-mPEG to Improve Its Enzymatic Characteristics. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112754. [PMID: 30356009 PMCID: PMC6278334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The sweet potato β-amylase (SPA) was modified by 6 types of methoxy polyethylene glycol to enhance its specific activity and thermal stability. The aims of the study were to select the optimum modifier, optimize the modification parameters, and further investigate the characterization of the modified SPA. The results showed that methoxy polyethylene glycol maleimide (molecular weight 5000, Mal-mPEG5000) was the optimum modifier of SPA; Under the optimal modification conditions, the specific activity of Mal-mPEG5000-SPA was 24.06% higher than that of the untreated SPA. Mal-mPEG5000-SPA was monomeric with a molecular weight of about 67 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The characteristics of Mal-mPEG5000-SPA were significantly improved. The Km value, Vmax and Ea in Mal-mPEG5000-SPA for sweet potato starch showed that Mal-mPEG5000-SPA had greater affinity for sweet potato starch and higher speed of hydrolysis than SPA. There was no significant difference of the metal ions’ effect on Mal-mPEG5000-SPA and SPA.
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26
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Chew KW, Ling TC, Show PL. Recent Developments and Applications of Three-Phase Partitioning for the Recovery of Proteins. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2018.1427596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kit Wayne Chew
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Bioseparation Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43500, Malaysia
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Bioseparation Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43500, Malaysia
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27
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Das R, Kayastha AM. An antioxidant rich novel β-amylase from peanuts (Arachis hypogaea): Its purification, biochemical characterization and potential applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:148-157. [PMID: 29305882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
β-Amylase from un-germinated seeds of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) was purified to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity with final purification fold of 205 and specific activity of 361μmol/min/mg protein. The enzyme was purified employing simple purification techniques for biochemical characterization. The purified enzyme was identified as β-amylase with Mr of 31kDa. The enzyme displayed its optimum catalytic activity at pH5.0 and 60°C with activation energy of 4.5kcal/mol and Q10 1.2. The enzyme displayed Km and Vmax values, for soluble potato starch of 1.28mg/mL and 363.63μmol/min/mg, respectively. Thermal inactivation of β-amylase at 65°C resulted into first-order kinetics with rate constant 0.0126min-1 and t½ 55min. The enzyme was observed to act on native granular potato starch, which could minimize the high cost occurring from solubilization of starch in industries. Enzyme fractions scavenge 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, indicating its antioxidative nature. In addition, the purified β-amylase was successfully utilized for the improvement of antioxidant potential of wheat. These findings suggest that β-amylase from peanuts have potential application in food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Das
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Arvind M Kayastha
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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28
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Yan JK, Wang YY, Qiu WY, Ma H, Wang ZB, Wu JY. Three-phase partitioning as an elegant and versatile platform applied to nonchromatographic bioseparation processes. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:2416-2431. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1327418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Haile Ma
- Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | | | - Jian-Yong Wu
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology in Shenzhen, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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29
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He L, Park SH, Hai Dang ND, Duong HX, Duong TPC, Tran PL, Park JT, Ni L, Park KH. Characterization and thermal inactivation kinetics of highly thermostable ramie leaf β-amylase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 101:17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Direct immobilization of laccase on titania nanoparticles from crude enzyme extracts of P. ostreatus culture for micro-pollutant degradation. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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31
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Kulkarni NG, Kar JR, Singhal RS. Extraction of Flaxseed Oil: A Comparative Study of Three-Phase Partitioning and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Using Response Surface Methodology. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-017-1877-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Ait Kaki El-Hadef El-Okki A, Gagaoua M, Bourekoua H, Hafid K, Bennamoun L, Djekrif-Dakhmouche S, El-Hadef El-Okki M, Meraihi Z. Improving Bread Quality with the Application of a Newly Purified Thermostable α-Amylase from Rhizopus oryzae FSIS4. Foods 2017; 6:foods6010001. [PMID: 28231081 PMCID: PMC5296670 DOI: 10.3390/foods6010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A new thermostable α-amylase from Rhizopus oryzae FSIS4 was purified for first time and recovered in a single step using a three-phase partitioning (TPP) system. The fungal α-amylase, at a concentration of 1.936 U per kg of flour, was used in bread-making and compared to the commercial enzyme. The results showed a significant effect of the recovered α-amylase in the prepared bread and allowed us to improve the quality of the bread. The study indicated clearly that the recovered α-amylase is a potential candidate for future applications in the bread-making industry and in other food biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Ait Kaki El-Hadef El-Okki
- Institut de la Nutrition, de l'Alimentation et des Technologies Agro-Alimentaires (INATAA), Université des Frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Route de Ain El-Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algeria.
- Laboratoire de Génie Microbiologique et Applications, Université des Frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Route de Ain El-Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Mohammed Gagaoua
- Institut de la Nutrition, de l'Alimentation et des Technologies Agro-Alimentaires (INATAA), Université des Frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Route de Ain El-Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algeria.
- Equipe MaQuaV, INATAA, Université des Frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Route de Ain El-Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Hayat Bourekoua
- Institut de la Nutrition, de l'Alimentation et des Technologies Agro-Alimentaires (INATAA), Université des Frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Route de Ain El-Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Kahina Hafid
- Institut de la Nutrition, de l'Alimentation et des Technologies Agro-Alimentaires (INATAA), Université des Frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Route de Ain El-Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algeria.
- Equipe MaQuaV, INATAA, Université des Frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Route de Ain El-Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Leila Bennamoun
- Laboratoire de Génie Microbiologique et Applications, Université des Frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Route de Ain El-Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Shahrazed Djekrif-Dakhmouche
- Laboratoire de Génie Microbiologique et Applications, Université des Frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Route de Ain El-Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Mohamed El-Hadef El-Okki
- Institut de la Nutrition, de l'Alimentation et des Technologies Agro-Alimentaires (INATAA), Université des Frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Route de Ain El-Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algeria.
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Environnement, Université des Frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Route de Ain El Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Zahia Meraihi
- Laboratoire de Génie Microbiologique et Applications, Université des Frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Route de Ain El-Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algeria.
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33
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Kocabay S, Çetinkaya S, Akkaya B, Yenidünya AF. Characterization of thermostable β-amylase isozymes from Lactobacillus fermentum. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:195-202. [PMID: 27581558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A strain of Lactobacillus fermentum producing two isozymes of a 20kDa β-amylase was isolated from the faecal sample of a newborn. The starin was identified by sequencing its 16S rRNA gene. The two β-amylase isozymes were resolved and visualized by two dimensional protein gel electrophoresis (2-D gel electrophoresis). Some of the physical and biochemical properties of the enzymes were characterized. The β-amylase displayed two optimum pH s, 5.0 and 10.0 and two optimum temperatures, 45°C and 37°C, respectively. The isozymes hydrolyzed different substrates: glycogen at pH 5.0, and corn starch at pH 10.0. The activity did not require Ca2+, though the activity at pH 10.0 was enhanced in the presence of 5.0mM and 10.0mM CaCl2, 110% and 130%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samet Kocabay
- Inönü University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Serap Çetinkaya
- Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Birnur Akkaya
- Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Ali Fazil Yenidünya
- Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Sivas, Turkey
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34
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da Silva B, Vinhal GLRR, Barcia MT, Pertuzatti PB. Influence of Acerola (M
alpighia
ssp.) and Flaxseed (L
inum usitatissimum
L.) Addition on the Content of Bioactive Compounds, Proximate and Sensory Composition of Whey Beverages. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana da Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra; Engenharia de Alimento; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso; Barra do Garças Mato Grosso 78600-000 Brazil
| | | | - Milene Teixeira Barcia
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900 Brazil
| | - Paula Becker Pertuzatti
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra; Engenharia de Alimento; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso; Barra do Garças Mato Grosso 78600-000 Brazil
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35
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Rao PR, Rathod VK. Rapid extraction of andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata Nees by three phase partitioning and determination of its antioxidant activity. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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