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Mo L, Fang L, Yao W, Nie J, Dai J, Liang Y, Qin L. LC-QTOF/MS-based non-targeted metabolomics to explore the toxic effects of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on Brassica chinensis L. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170817. [PMID: 38340818 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used plasticizer known to pose health risks to humans upon exposure. Recognizing the toxic nature of DEHP, our study aimed to elucidate the response mechanisms in Brassica chinensis L. (Shanghai Qing) when subjected to varying concentrations of DEHP (2 mg kg-1, 20 mg kg-1, and 50 mg kg-1), particularly under tissue stress. The findings underscored the substantial impact of DEHP treatment on the growth of Brassica chinensis L., with increased DEHP concentration leading to a notable decrease in chlorophyll levels and alterations in the content of antioxidant enzyme activities, particularly superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD). Moreover, elevated DEHP concentrations correlated with increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Our analysis detected a total of 507 metabolites in Brassica chinensis L., with 331 in shoots and 176 in roots, following DEHP exposure. There was a significant difference in the number of metabolites in shoots and roots, with 79 and 64 identified, respectively (VIP > 1, p < 0.05). Metabolic pathway enrichment in Brassica chinensis L. shoots revealed significant perturbations in valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis and degradation, aminoacyl-tRNA, and glucosinolate biosynthesis. In the roots of Brassica chinensis L., varying DEHP levels exerted a substantial impact on the biosynthesis of zeatin, ubiquinone terpenoids, propane, piperidine, and pyridine alkaloids, as well as glutathione metabolic pathways. Notably, DEHP's influence was more pronounced in the roots than in the shoots, with higher DEHP concentrations affecting a greater number of metabolic pathways. This experimental study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying DEHP-induced stress in Brassica chinensis L., with potential implications for human health and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Mo
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin 541006, China.
| | - Liusen Fang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Weihao Yao
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Jinfang Nie
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China.
| | - Junfeng Dai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
| | - YanPeng Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Litang Qin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China.
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Koistinen VM, Haldar S, Tuomainen M, Lehtonen M, Klåvus A, Draper J, Lloyd A, Beckmann M, Bal W, Ross AB, Brandt K, Fawcett L, Seal C, Hanhineva K. Metabolic changes in response to varying whole-grain wheat and rye intake. NPJ Sci Food 2024; 8:8. [PMID: 38291073 PMCID: PMC10828387 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-024-00247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown associations between whole-grain intake and lowered disease risk. A sufficient level of whole-grain intake to reach the health benefits has not been established, and there is limited knowledge about the impact of whole-grain intake on metabolite levels. In this clinical intervention study, we aimed to identify plasma and urine metabolites associated with two different intake levels of whole-grain wheat and rye and to correlate them with clinical plasma biomarkers. Healthy volunteers (N = 68) were divided into two groups receiving either whole-grain wheat or whole-grain rye in two four-week interventions with 48 and 96 g/d of whole grains consumed. The metabolomics of the plasma samples was performed with UPLC-QTOF-MS. Plasma alkylresorcinols were quantified with GC-MS and plasma and urinary mammalian lignans with HPLC-ECD. The high-dose intervention impacted the metabolite profile, including microbial metabolites, more in the rye-enriched diet compared with wheat. Among the increased metabolites were alkylresorcinol glucuronides, sinapyl alcohol, and pipecolic acid betaine, while the decreased metabolites included acylcarnitines and ether lipids. Plasma alkylresorcinols, urinary enterolactone, and total mammalian lignans reflected the study diets in a dose-dependent manner. Several key metabolites linked with whole-grain consumption and gut microbial metabolism increased in a linear manner between the two interventions. The results reveal that an increase in whole-grain intake, particularly rye, is strongly reflected in the metabolite profile, is correlated with clinical variables, and suggests that a diet rich in whole grains promotes the growth and/or metabolism of microbes producing potentially beneficial microbial metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville M Koistinen
- Food Sciences Unit, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Sumanto Haldar
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovations (SIFBI), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Marjo Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marko Lehtonen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anton Klåvus
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - John Draper
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK
| | - Amanda Lloyd
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK
| | - Manfred Beckmann
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK
| | - Wendy Bal
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Kirsten Brandt
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Lee Fawcett
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Chris Seal
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Food Sciences Unit, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Food and Nutrition Science Division, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Su D, Chen J, Du S, Kim H, Yu B, Wong KE, Boerwinkle E, Rebholz CM. Metabolomic Markers of Ultra-Processed Food and Incident CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 18:327-336. [PMID: 36735499 PMCID: PMC10103271 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.0000000000000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High ultra-processed food consumption is associated with higher risk of CKD. However, there is no biomarker for ultra-processed food, and the mechanism through which ultra-processed food is associated with CKD is not clear. Metabolomics can provide objective biomarkers of ultra-processed food and provide important insights into the mechanisms by which ultra-processed food is associated with risk of incident CKD. Our objective was to identify serum metabolites associated with ultra-processed food consumption and investigate whether ultra-processed food-associated metabolites are prospectively associated with incident CKD. METHODS We used data from 3751 Black and White men and women (aged 45-64 years) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Dietary intake was assessed using a semiquantitative 66-item food frequency questionnaire, and ultra-processed food was classified using the NOVA classification system. Multivariable linear regression models were used to identify the association between 359 metabolites and ultra-processed food consumption. Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate the prospective association of ultra-processed food-associated metabolites with incident CKD. RESULTS Twelve metabolites (saccharine, homostachydrine, stachydrine, N2, N2-dimethylguanosine, catechol sulfate, caffeine, 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate, theobromine, docosahexaenoate, glucose, mannose, and bradykinin) were significantly associated with ultra-processed food consumption after controlling for false discovery rate <0.05 and adjusting for sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, eGFR, and total energy intake. The 12 ultra-processed food-related metabolites significantly improved the prediction of ultra-processed food consumption (difference in C statistics: 0.069, P <1×10 -16 ). Higher levels of mannose, glucose, and N2, N2-dimethylguanosine were associated with higher risk of incident CKD after a median follow-up of 23 years. CONCLUSIONS We identified 12 serum metabolites associated with ultra-processed food consumption and three of them were positively associated with incident CKD. Mannose and N2, N2-dimethylguanosine are novel markers of CKD that may explain observed associations between ultra-processed food and CKD. PODCAST This article contains a podcast at https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2023_03_08_CJN08480722.mp3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghan Su
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jingsha Chen
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shutong Du
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hyunju Kim
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Casey M. Rebholz
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Huang S, Ying Lim S, Lau H, Ni W, Fong Yau Li S. Effect of glycinebetaine on metabolite profiles of cold-stored strawberry revealed by 1H NMR-based metabolomics. Food Chem 2022; 393:133452. [PMID: 35751219 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycinebetaine (GB) has long been used as a preservative for refrigerated fruits, but the effect of GB on the global metabolites of cold-stored strawberries is still unclear. In this study, the effects of exogenous application of GB on quality-related metabolites of cold-stored strawberries were investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomic analysis. The results showed that the application of GB (especially at the concentration of 10 mM) on cold-stored strawberries effectively stabilized the sugars (d-xylose and d-glucose) and amino acids (tyrosine, leucine, and tryptophan) content, and lowered the acid (acetic acid) content as well. Additionally, the GB content in strawberries also increased. This implies that the appropriate concentration of GB is a natural and safe treatment, which could maintain the quality of cold-stored strawberries by regulating levels of quality-related metabolites, and the ingestion of GB-preserved strawberries may serve as a source of methyl-donor supplementation in our daily diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Si Ying Lim
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hazel Lau
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Wuzhong Ni
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Sam Fong Yau Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), #02-01, T-Lab Building (TL), 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore.
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5
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Haikonen R, Kärkkäinen O, Koistinen V, Hanhineva K. Diet- and microbiota-related metabolite, 5-aminovaleric acid betaine (5-AVAB), in health and disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:463-480. [PMID: 35508517 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
5-Aminovaleric acid betaine (5-AVAB) is a trimethylated compound associated with the gut microbiota, potentially produced endogenously, and related to the dietary intake of certain foods such as whole grains. 5-AVAB accumulates within the metabolically active tissues and has been typically found in higher concentrations in the heart, muscle, and brown adipose tissue. Furthermore, 5-AVAB has been associated with positive health effects such as fetal brain development, insulin secretion, and reduced cancer risk. However, it also has been linked with some negative health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease and fatty liver disease. At the cellular level, 5-AVAB can influence cellular energy metabolism by reducing β-oxidation of fatty acids. This review will focus on the metabolic role of 5-AVAB with respect to both physiology and pathology. Moreover, the analytics and origin of 5-AVAB and related compounds will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Retu Haikonen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Olli Kärkkäinen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville Koistinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Life Technologies, Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Life Technologies, Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Cangussu LB, Fronza P, Franca AS, Oliveira LS. Chemical Characterization and Bioaccessibility Assessment of Bioactive Compounds from Umbu ( Spondias tuberosa A.) Fruit Peel and Pulp Flours. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112597. [PMID: 34828884 PMCID: PMC8617674 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Umbu, a common fruit from the northeastern region of Brazil, contains many bioactive compounds not yet exploited. Thus, this study evaluated the potential of pulps and peels of mature and semi-mature umbu as a source of bioactive compounds. Trigonelline contents ranged from 1.75 to 6.14 mg/100 g, values higher than those of many vegetables described in the literature, such as corn and barley. The contents of extractable and non-extractable phenolic compounds were also higher than those of other vegetables. Bioaccessibility of total extractable phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins was determined (15.67–37.73%, 31.87–39.10% and 18.81–114.27%, respectively). The constituent polysaccharides of the pulp and peel were tentatively chemically characterized as arabinoxylans, arabinogalactans, rhamnoarabinogalactans, xyloglucans, and pectin of the rhamnogalacturonan type. The technological potential of peel flours was evaluated. The maturation advancement showed no significant changes in the technological properties of the flours, except for color and water solubility index. Results indicated excellent prospects for future research on umbu pulps and peels as potential sources of natural bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís B. Cangussu
- PPGCA, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.B.C.); (P.F.); (L.S.O.)
| | - Pãmella Fronza
- PPGCA, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.B.C.); (P.F.); (L.S.O.)
| | - Adriana S. Franca
- PPGCA, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.B.C.); (P.F.); (L.S.O.)
- DEMEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-31-34093512
| | - Leandro S. Oliveira
- PPGCA, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.B.C.); (P.F.); (L.S.O.)
- DEMEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
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7
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Huang S, Zuo T, Zheng X, Zhuo C, Hou Q, Yao L, Wang X, Wang J, Ni W. Foliar application of glycinebetaine and Zn fertilizer improves both the apparent and functional qualities of albino tea [ Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze]. Food Funct 2021; 12:9476-9485. [PMID: 34476427 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01398j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With Zn deficiency increasing in the global population, functional plant food (including tea) can help to fill the nutrition gap that the main crops cannot meet. Glycinebetaine (GB), an important bioactive substance with a wide range of natural sources, has received limited attention towards its effects on Zn biofortification and the quality of tea. The Zn enrichment and metabolite responses of albino tea [cv. White leaf No. 1 (WL-1)] to the foliar application of GB, Zn, and their combination (Zn + GB) were investigated in a field experiment. The result indicated that the 100-buds weight, total N, Zn, Thea, and total amino acid content in the young leaves of WL-1 with Zn2 + GB2 treatment were significantly increased, whereas the Chla contents were decreased (p < 0.05). The total catechins and CAF contents of Zn2 + GB2 treatment were lower than those of other treatments, with significance (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis and general quantitative analysis returned complementary results, revealing that Zn2 + GB2 treatment was better for the apparent and functional quality of WL-1. The more theanine and Zn, limited chlorophyll, catechin, and caffeine contributed to the quality improvement, as well as to maintaining the leaf albinistic characteristics, inhibiting astringency and bitterness, exerting flavor and umami, and improving the ultimate beneficial functions. The combined application of Zn and GB is a promising practice for Zn biofortification and for the quality improvement of tea, with spraying 750 L ha-1 of 2.0 g L-1 Zn fertilizer and 3.2 g L-1 GB mixture recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Ting Zuo
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Xin Zheng
- Zhejiang Environment Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311100, China
| | - Chao Zhuo
- Zhejiang Anji Summit Angeltea Co., Ltd, Anji, Zhejiang, 313300, China
| | - Qiong Hou
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Longren Yao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Wuzhong Ni
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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Huang S, Ma Q, Hou Q, Zuo T, Zhang Z, Ni W. Identification and quantitative chemical analysis of betaines in different organic wastes and their bioconversion composts. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 328:124857. [PMID: 33631462 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global organic waste is increasing, bioconversion of organic waste arises because it can recover valuable nutrients and produce bioactive substances. Betaines are important bioactive substances in plants under environmental stress, but have received limited attention in vermicompost/larvae bioconversion compost. In this study, betaines in organic waste and vermicompost/larvae bioconversion compost were identified and quantified by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. We observed the existence of glutamine betaine in all samples, which was first found in natural sources recently. Valine betaine was the highest among all detected betaines followed by GABA betaine, and both were rare in plants. The existence of tyrosine betaine in cow dung (CD) and vermicompost (CDV) was found, which was previously shown to be in fungi. Most importantly, we found larvae bioconversion could increase betaines by 5.56-99.75%, while vermicomposting decreased them. Bioconversion of larvae can effectively increase betaines in compost and can be used to produce potential novel functional organic fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qingxu Ma
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiong Hou
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ting Zuo
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhijian Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wuzhong Ni
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Huang S, Zuo T, Xu W, Zhang Y, Ni W. Improving Albino Tea Quality by Foliar Application of Glycinebetaine as a Green Regulator under Lower Temperature Conditions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:1242-1250. [PMID: 33472359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
White leaf No.1 (WL-1) is a low temperature-induced albino tea cultivar, which sticks out from tea plants with rich amino acids. Because harmonization of chloroplast ultrastructure integrity and lower chlorophyll contents during the albinism processes is much crucial for WL-1 production under extreme weather conditions, we carried out a field experiment to investigate the regulating effects of exogenous glycinebetaine (GB) on the chloroplast ultrastructure and quality constituents in young leaves of WL-1 at different albinism stages. The internal structure of chloroplasts degenerated at the albinistic stage, and chlorophyll contents were significantly lower than those at pre-albinistic and regreening stages. Spraying GB regulated etioplast-chloroplast transition, significantly increased epigallocatechin gallate, theanine, and caffeine contents, and lowered chlorophyll content in albinistic young leaves of WL-1, thus improving its quality in some aspects, maintaining special leaf color, exerting flavor and umami, and improving antioxidant and refreshing effects. Foliar application of GB is an efficient technical measure in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ting Zuo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wanfu Xu
- Zhejiang Anji Summit Angeltea Co., Ltd., Anji, Zhejiang313300, China
| | - Yaxiong Zhang
- Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Anji County, Zhejiang Province, Anji Zhejiang 313300, China
| | - Wuzhong Ni
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Tais L, Schulz H, Böttcher C. Comprehensive profiling of semi-polar phytochemicals in whole wheat grains (Triticum aestivum) using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Metabolomics 2021; 17:18. [PMID: 33502591 PMCID: PMC7840630 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01761-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Wheat (Triticum aestivum) it is one of the most important staple food crops worldwide and represents an important resource for human nutrition. Besides starch, proteins and micronutrients wheat grains accumulate a highly diverse set of phytochemicals. OBJECTIVES This work aimed at the development and validation of an analytical workflow for comprehensive profiling of semi-polar phytochemicals in whole wheat grains. METHOD Reversed-phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/ESI-QTOFMS) was used as analytical platform. For annotation of metabolites accurate mass collision-induced dissociation mass spectra were acquired and interpreted in conjunction with literature data, database queries and analyses of reference compounds. RESULTS Based on reversed-phase UHPLC/ESI-QTOFMS an analytical workflow for comprehensive profiling of semi-polar phytochemicals in whole wheat grains was developed. For method development the extraction procedure and the chromatographic separation were optimized. Using whole grains of eight wheat cultivars a total of 248 metabolites were annotated and characterized by chromatographic and tandem mass spectral data. Annotated metabolites comprise hydroquinones, hydroxycinnamic acid amides, flavonoids, benzoxazinoids, lignans and other phenolics as well as numerous primary metabolites such as nucleosides, amino acids and derivatives, organic acids, saccharides and B vitamin derivatives. For method validation, recovery rates and matrix effects were determined for ten exogenous model compounds. Repeatability and linearity were assessed for 39 representative endogenous metabolites. In addition, the accuracy of relative quantification was evaluated for six exogenous model compounds. CONCLUSIONS In conjunction with non-targeted and targeted data analysis strategies the developed analytical workflow was successfully applied to discern differences in the profiles of semi-polar phytochemicals accumulating in whole grains of eight wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Tais
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kühn-Institute, Königin-Luise-Strasse 19, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartwig Schulz
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kühn-Institute, Königin-Luise-Strasse 19, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Consulting & Project Management for Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Waltraudstrasse 4, 14532 Stahnsdorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Böttcher
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kühn-Institute, Königin-Luise-Strasse 19, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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11
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Sun X, Pradeepkumar P, Rajendran NK, Shakila H, Houreld NN, Al Farraj DA, Elnahas YM, Elumalai N, Rajan M. Natural deep eutectic solvent supported targeted solid-liquid polymer carrier for breast cancer therapy. RSC Adv 2020; 10:36989-37004. [PMID: 35521273 PMCID: PMC9057073 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03790g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid–liquid nanocarriers (SLNs) are at the front of the rapidly emerging field of medicinal applications with a potential role in the delivery of bioactive agents. Here, we report a new SLN of natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) and biotin-conjugated lysine–polyethylene glycol copolymer. The SLN system was analyzed for its functional groups, thermal stability, crystalline nature, particle size, and surface morphology through the instrumental analysis of FT-IR, TGA, XRD, DLS, SEM, and TEM. Encapsulation of PTX (paclitaxel) and 7-HC (7-hydroxycoumarin) with the SLN was carried out by dialysis, and UV-visible spectra evidenced the drug loading capacity and higher encapsulation efficiency obtained. The enhanced anticancer potential of PTX- and 7-HC-loaded SLN was assessed in vitro, and the system reduces the cell viability of MDA-MB-231 cells. The PTX- and 7-HC-loaded SLN system was investigated in a breast cancer-induced rat model via in vivo studies. It shows decreased lysosomal enzymes and increased levels of caspase to cure breast tumors. It very well may be reasoned that the designed PTX- and 7-HC-loaded SLN system has strong anticancer properties and exhibits potential for delivery of drug molecules in cancer treatment. Solid–liquid nanocarriers (SLNs) are at the front of the rapidly emerging field of medicinal applications with a potential role in the delivery of bioactive agents.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfu Sun
- Department of Breast, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450008 China
| | - Periyakaruppan Pradeepkumar
- Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University Madurai-625021 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Naresh Kumar Rajendran
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg PO Box 17011 Doornfontein 2028 South Africa
| | - Harshavardhan Shakila
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University Madurai-625021 India
| | - Nicolette Nadene Houreld
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg PO Box 17011 Doornfontein 2028 South Africa
| | - Dunia A Al Farraj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousif M Elnahas
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Nandhakumar Elumalai
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Muthukumaran Medical College and Research Institute Chennai-600069 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Mariappan Rajan
- Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University Madurai-625021 Tamil Nadu India
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12
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Simultaneous determination of betaines and other quaternary ammonium related compounds in bee pollen by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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13
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Nishiyama M, Nakamichi N, Yoshimura T, Masuo Y, Komori T, Ishimoto T, Matsuo JI, Kato Y. Homostachydrine is a Xenobiotic Substrate of OCTN1/SLC22A4 and Potentially Sensitizes Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures in Mice. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2664-2678. [PMID: 32844295 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of the underlying mechanism of epilepsy is desired since some patients fail to control their seizures. The carnitine/organic cation transporter OCTN1/SLC22A4 is expressed in brain neurons and transports food-derived antioxidant ergothioneine (ERGO), L-carnitine, and spermine, all of which may be associated with epilepsy. This study aimed to clarify the possible association of this transporter with epileptic seizures. In both pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced acute seizure and kindling models, ocnt1 gene knockout mice (octn1-/-) showed lower seizure scores compared with wild-type mice. Up-regulation of the epilepsy-related genes, c-fos and Arc, and the neurotrophic factor BDNF following PTZ administration was observed in the hippocampus of wild-type, but not octn1-/- mice. To find the OCTN1 substrate associated with the seizure, untargeted metabolomics analysis using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was conducted on extracts from the hippocampus, frontal cortex, and plasma of both strains, leading to the identification of a plant alkaloid homostachydrine as a compound present in a lower concentration in octn1-/- mice. OCTN1-mediated uptake of deuterium-labeled homostachydrine was confirmed in OCTN1-transfected HEK293 cells, suggesting that this compound is a substrate of OCTN1. Homostachydrine administration increased PTZ-induced acute seizure scores and the expression of Arc in the hippocampus and that of Arc, Egr1, and BDNF in the frontal cortex. Conversely, administration of the OCTN1 substrate/inhibitor ERGO inhibited PTZ-induced kindling and reduced the plasma homostachydrine concentration. Thus, these results suggest that OCTN1 is at least partially associated with PTZ-induced seizures, which is potentially deteriorated by treatment with homostachydrine, a newly identified food-derived OCTN1 substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Nishiyama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Noritaka Nakamichi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan. .,Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Yoshimura
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yusuke Masuo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tomoe Komori
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishimoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Matsuo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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14
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Huang S, Zuo T, Ni W. Important roles of glycinebetaine in stabilizing the structure and function of the photosystem II complex under abiotic stresses. PLANTA 2020; 251:36. [PMID: 31903497 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03330-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The molecular and physiological mechanisms of glycinebetaine stabilizing photosystem II complex under abiotic stresses are discussed, helping to address food shortage problems threatening the survival of growing population. In the backdrop of climate change, the frequency, dimensions and duration of extreme events have increased sharply, which may have unintended consequences for agricultural. The acclimation of plants to a constantly changing environment involves the accumulation of compatible solutes. Various compatible solutes enable plants to tolerate abiotic stresses, and glycinebetaine (GB) is one of the most-studied. The biosynthesis and accumulation of GB appear in numerous plant species, especially under environmental stresses. The exogenous application of GB and GB-accumulating transgenic plants have been proven to further promote plant development under stresses. Early research on GB focused on the maintenance of osmotic potential in plants. Subsequent experimental evidence demonstrated that it also protects proteins including the photosystem II complex (PSII) from denaturation and deactivation. As reviewed here, multiple experimental evidences have indicated considerable progress in the roles of GB in stabilizing PSII under abiotic stresses. Based on these advances, we've concluded two effects of GB on PSII: (1) it stabilizes the structure of PSII by protecting extrinsic proteins from dissociation or by promoting protein synthesize; (2) it enhances the oxygen-evolving activity of PSII or promotes the repair of the photosynthetic damage of PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Environment of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ting Zuo
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Environment of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wuzhong Ni
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Environment of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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15
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Tuomainen M, Kärkkäinen O, Leppänen J, Auriola S, Lehtonen M, Savolainen MJ, Hermansen K, Risérus U, Åkesson B, Thorsdottir I, Kolehmainen M, Uusitupa M, Poutanen K, Schwab U, Hanhineva K. Quantitative assessment of betainized compounds and associations with dietary and metabolic biomarkers in the randomized study of the healthy Nordic diet (SYSDIET). Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:1108-1118. [PMID: 31504116 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, a group of betainized compounds have been suggested to play a role in health effects in relation to a whole-grain-rich diet. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to develop a quantitative mass spectrometric method for selected betainized compounds in human plasma, and to investigate their association with nutrient intake and measures of metabolic health in participants of the SYSDIET study. METHODS The SYSDIET study was a controlled randomized intervention including individuals with metabolic syndrome, where the healthy Nordic diet (HND) group increased intakes of whole grains, canola oil, berries, and fish, whereas the control diet (CD) group consumed low-fiber cereal products, milk fat, and restricted amounts of fish and berries. A quantitative LC combined with triple quadrupole MS method for betainized compounds was developed and applied to fasting plasma samples from baseline (week 0) and the end of the intervention (week 18 or 24). Concentrations of betainized compounds were correlated with intakes of selected nutrients and fiber and measures of metabolic health. RESULTS Pipecolic acid betaine (PAB) concentrations were significantly higher in the HND group than in the CD group (P = 0.00032) at the end of the intervention and correlated directly (P < 0.0001) with intakes of dietary fiber (r = 0.376) and a biomarker related to whole-grain rye intake, namely the ratio of alkylresorcinol C17:0 to C21:0 (r = 0.442). PAB was associated inversely with fasting plasma insulin consistently at the beginning and at the end of the intervention (P < 0.001, r = -0.300; P < 0.01, r = -0.250, respectively), as well as IL-1 receptor antagonist (P < 0.01, r = -0.232 at the beginning; P < 0.01, r = -0.236 at the end) and serum LDL/HDL cholesterol (P < 0.01, r = -0.239 at the beginning; P < 0.01, r = -0.241 at the end). CONCLUSIONS Among adults with the metabolic syndrome, PAB plasma concentrations were associated with fasting insulin, inflammation, and lipids and were significantly increased with adoption of the HND. Further studies are needed to clarify the biological functions of betainized compounds. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00992641.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjo Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Kärkkäinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Leppänen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Auriola
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,LC-MS Metabolomics Center, Biocenter Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marko Lehtonen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,LC-MS Metabolomics Center, Biocenter Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Medical Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kjeld Hermansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Åkesson
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Inga Thorsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kaisa Poutanen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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16
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Weston PA, Gurusinghe S, Birckhead E, Skoneczny D, Quinn JC, Weston LA. Chemometric analysis of Amaranthus retroflexus in relation to livestock toxicity in southern Australia. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 161:1-10. [PMID: 30776591 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Amaranthus retroflexus L., an introduced invasive weed in southern Australia, has been associated with acute renal failure and/or mortality in a number of livestock species. While its leaves, flowers and stems are generally reported to contain high levels of nitrogen, few studies have fully characterised the chemical composition of A. retroflexus foliage with respect to mammalian toxicity. We performed extensive metabolic profiling of stems, leaves, roots and inflorescence tissues of A. retroflexus collected from three spatially and/or temporally distinct toxicity outbreaks, and report on the 1) composition of primary and secondary metabolites in methanolic extracts of A. retroflexus tissues using HPLC and HPLC-MS QToF and 2) chemometric analysis of A. retroflexus extracts in relation to the associated toxin(s). All tissues of A. retroflexus possessed an abundance of N-containing metabolites, particularly quaternary ammonium compounds which were identified as betaines, two of which (valine betaine and isoleucine betaine) are rarely encountered in plants. Cytotoxicity to murine fibroblasts was highest in extracts of leaf tissue and was associated with a single, a small modified peptide with high similarity to N-acetyl-L-α-aspartyl-L-alanyl-L-α-aspartyl-L-α-glutamyl-O-(carboxymethyl)-L-tyrosyl-L-leucinamide, a synthetic phosphotyrosyl mimic involved in cell signaling processes. One possible mode of action leading to acute renal failure in grazing livestock by a modified peptide such as this is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Weston
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (Charles Sturt University and NSW Department of Primary Industries), Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia; Charles Sturt University, School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia.
| | - Saliya Gurusinghe
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (Charles Sturt University and NSW Department of Primary Industries), Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia.
| | - Emily Birckhead
- Charles Sturt University, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | - Dominik Skoneczny
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (Charles Sturt University and NSW Department of Primary Industries), Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia
| | - Jane C Quinn
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (Charles Sturt University and NSW Department of Primary Industries), Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia; Charles Sturt University, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | - Leslie A Weston
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (Charles Sturt University and NSW Department of Primary Industries), Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia; Charles Sturt University, School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
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17
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D'Onofrio N, Balestrieri A, Neglia G, Monaco A, Tatullo M, Casale R, Limone A, Balestrieri ML, Campanile G. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Buffalo Milk δ-Valerobetaine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1702-1710. [PMID: 30661355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
δ-Valerobetaine (δVB), a constitutive metabolite of ruminant milk, is produced in the rumen from free dietary Nε- trimethyllysine occurring ubiquitously in vegetable kingdom. The biological role of δVB is poorly known. Here, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of buffalo milk δVB was tested in vitro during high-glucose (HG)-induced endothelial damage. Results indicated that δVB (0.5 mM) ameliorated the HG cytotoxicity (0.57 ± 0.02 vs 0.41 ± 0.018 O.D. ( P < 0.01). Interestingly, buffalo milk extracts enriched with δVB showed improved significant efficacy in decreasing reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and cytokine release during HG treatment compared to milk extracts alone ( P < 0.05). It is noteworthy that δVB reduced the HG-activated inflammatory signal by modulating SIRT1 (0.96 ± 0.05 vs 0.85 ± 0.04 AU), SIRT6 (0.82 ± 0.04 vs 0.61 ± 0.03 AU), and NF-κB (0.85 ± 0.03 vs 1.23 ± 0.03 AU) ( P < 0.05). On the whole, our data show the first evidence of δVB efficacy in reducing endothelial oxidative stress and inflammation, suggesting a potential role of this betaine as a novel dietary compound with health-promoting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia D'Onofrio
- Department of Precision Medicine , University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" , L. De Crecchio 7 , 80138 Naples , Italy
| | - Anna Balestrieri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno , 80055 Portici, Naples , Italy
| | - Gianluca Neglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production , Federico II University , 80137 Naples , Italy
| | - Alessandra Monaco
- Department of Precision Medicine , University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" , L. De Crecchio 7 , 80138 Naples , Italy
| | - Marco Tatullo
- Tecnologica Research Institute , Biomedical Section , 88900 Crotone , Italy
| | - Rosario Casale
- Department of Precision Medicine , University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" , L. De Crecchio 7 , 80138 Naples , Italy
| | - Antonio Limone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno , 80055 Portici, Naples , Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Precision Medicine , University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" , L. De Crecchio 7 , 80138 Naples , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production , Federico II University , 80137 Naples , Italy
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18
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Kojić JS, Ilić NM, Kojić PS, Pezo LL, Banjac VV, Krulj JA, Bodroža Solarov MI. Multiobjective process optimization for betaine enriched spelt flour based extrudates. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jovana S. Kojić
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Nebojša M. Ilić
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | | | - Lato L. Pezo
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade; Beograd Serbia
| | | | - Jelena A. Krulj
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
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19
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Kärkkäinen O, Lankinen MA, Vitale M, Jokkala J, Leppänen J, Koistinen V, Lehtonen M, Giacco R, Rosa-Sibakov N, Micard V, Rivellese AAA, Schwab U, Mykkänen H, Uusitupa M, Kolehmainen M, Riccardi G, Poutanen K, Auriola S, Hanhineva K. Diets rich in whole grains increase betainized compounds associated with glucose metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:971-979. [PMID: 30256894 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiologic evidence suggests that diets rich in whole grains are associated with a reduced risk of developing chronic diseases and all-cause mortality. However, the molecular mechanisms behind these beneficial metabolic effects are poorly understood. Objective Our aim was to investigate novel trimethylated (betainized) compounds from mice and humans, and their association with whole grain-rich diets and insulin resistance and insulin secretion. Design Fasting plasma samples were obtained in a mouse (C57BL/6J male) feeding trial and a controlled dietary intervention. The mouse trial involved feeding the mice a rye and wheat bran-enriched feed which was compared with a high-fat diet. In the human trial, participants recruited from Kuopio, Finland (n = 69) and Naples, Italy (n = 54) with characteristics of the metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned to either a whole grain-enriched diet or a control diet for 12 wk. Plasma concentrations of betainized compounds were analyzed with the use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Insulin resistance and insulin secretion were assessed in an oral-glucose-tolerance test and a meal-glucose-tolerance test. Results The betaines that were increased in mouse plasma after bran-enriched feeding were identified de novo via chemical synthesis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and confirmed to be associated with an increased intake of whole-grain products in humans. In particular, the concentrations of pipecolic acid betaine were increased at the end of the whole-grain intervention in both the Kuopio cohort (P < 0.001) and the Naples cohort (P < 0.05), and these concentrations inversely correlated with the postprandial glucose concentration. Furthermore, the concentration of valine betaine was substantially increased during the intervention in Naples (P < 0.001) with an inverse correlation with the postprandial insulin concentration. In addition, the concentrations of other betaines, e.g., glycine betaine and proline betaine, correlated with glucose and insulin concentrations at the end of the intervention. Conclusions Novel betainized compounds in humans are associated with diets rich in whole grains, and they improve insulin resistance and insulin secretion. These results suggest that these novel compounds may contribute to the beneficial effects of whole grain-rich diets. The studies were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00945854 (Naples) and NCT00573781 (Kuopio).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marilena Vitale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Jukka Leppänen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Marko Lehtonen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,LC-MS Metabolomics Center, Biocenter Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rosalba Giacco
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Natalia Rosa-Sibakov
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland.,Joint Research Unit 1208, Agropolymers and Emerging Technologies (IATE), Montpellier SupAgro-INRA-UM-CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Micard
- Joint Research Unit 1208, Agropolymers and Emerging Technologies (IATE), Montpellier SupAgro-INRA-UM-CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Angela A A Rivellese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Kaisa Poutanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition.,VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Seppo Auriola
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition.,LC-MS Metabolomics Center, Biocenter Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
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20
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Servillo L, D'Onofrio N, Giovane A, Casale R, Cautela D, Castaldo D, Iannaccone F, Neglia G, Campanile G, Balestrieri ML. Ruminant meat and milk contain δ-valerobetaine, another precursor of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) like γ-butyrobetaine. Food Chem 2018; 260:193-199. [PMID: 29699662 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium compounds containing N-trimethylamino moiety, such as choline derivatives and carnitine, abundant in meat and dairy products, are metabolic precursors of trimethylamine (TMA). A similar fate is reported for Nε-trimethyllysine and γ-butyrobetaine. With the aim at investigating the metabolic profile of such metabolites in most employed animal dietary sources, HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analyses on ruminant and non-ruminant milk and meat were performed. Results demonstrate, for the first time, the presence of δ-valerobetaine, occurring at levels higher than γ-butyrobetaine in all ruminant samples compared to non-ruminants. Demonstration of δ-valerobetaine metabolic origin, surprisingly, showed that it originates from rumen through the transformation of dietary Nε-trimethyllysine. These results highlight our previous findings showing the ubiquity of free Nε-trimethyllysine in vegetable kingdom. Furthermore, δ-valerobetaine, similarly to γ-butyrobetaine, can be degraded by host gut microbiota producing TMA, precursor of the proatherogenic trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), unveiling its possible role in the biosynthetic route of TMAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Servillo
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Nunzia D'Onofrio
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alfonso Giovane
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosario Casale
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Domenico Cautela
- Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Essenze e dei derivati dagli Agrumi, Azienda Speciale della Camera di Commercio di Reggio Calabria, Via Generale Tommasini 2, 89127 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Domenico Castaldo
- Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Essenze e dei derivati dagli Agrumi, Azienda Speciale della Camera di Commercio di Reggio Calabria, Via Generale Tommasini 2, 89127 Reggio Calabria, Italy; Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico, Via Molise 2, Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e ProdALscarl, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo 1, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesco Iannaccone
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gianluca Neglia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy
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Filipčev B, Kojić J, Krulj J, Bodroža-Solarov M, Ilić N. Betaine in Cereal Grains and Grain-Based Products. Foods 2018; 7:foods7040049. [PMID: 29596314 PMCID: PMC5920414 DOI: 10.3390/foods7040049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Betaine is a non-essential nutrient which performs several important physiological functions in organisms. Abundant data exist to suggest that betaine has a potential for prevention of chronic diseases and that its dietary intake may contribute to overall health enhancement. Several studies have pointed out that the betaine status of the general population is inadequate and have suggested nutritional strategies to improve dietary intake of betaine. Cereal-based food has been implicated as the major source of betaine in the Western diet. This review summarizes the results on the betaine content in various cereals and related products. Attention has been given to the betaine content in gluten-free grains and products. It also discusses the stability of betaine during processing (cooking, baking, extrusion) and possibilities to increase betaine content by fortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Filipčev
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Jovana Kojić
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Krulj
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | | | - Nebojša Ilić
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
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