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Ye J, Bao H, Zheng M, Liu H, Chen J, Wang S, Ma H, Zhang Y. Development of a Novel Magnetic-Bead-Based Automated Strategy for Efficient and Low-Cost Sample Preparation for Ochratoxin A Detection Using Mycotoxin–Albumin Interaction. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15040270. [PMID: 37104208 PMCID: PMC10145472 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15040270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) is toxic to humans and frequently contaminates wine and beer. Antibodies are essential recognition probes for the detection of OTA. However, they have several drawbacks, such as high costs and difficulty in preparation. In this study, a novel magnetic-bead-based automated strategy for efficient and low-cost OTA sample preparation was developed. Human serum albumin, which is an economical and stable receptor based on the mycotoxin–albumin interaction, was adapted and validated to replace conventional antibodies to capture OTA in the sample. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography–fluorescence detection was used in combination with this preparation method for efficient detection. The effects of different conditions on this method were investigated. The recovery of OTA samples spiked at three different concentrations ranged from 91.2% to 102.1%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 1.2%–8.2% in wine and beer. For red wine and beer samples, the LODs were 0.37 and 0.15 µg/L, respectively. This reliable method overcomes the drawbacks of conventional methods and offers significant application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing and Control, Henan University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Hui Bao
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing and Control, Henan University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mengyao Zheng
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 102600, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Jinnan Chen
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Songxue Wang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 102600, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Haihua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing and Control, Henan University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing and Control, Henan University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Probing Serum Albumins and Cyclodextrins as Binders of the Mycotoxin Metabolites Alternariol-3-Glucoside, Alternariol-9-Monomethylether-3-Glucoside, and Zearalenone-14-Glucuronide. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030446. [PMID: 36984886 PMCID: PMC10059066 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites of molds. Chronic exposure to alternariol, zearalenone, and their metabolites may cause the development of endocrine-disrupting and carcinogenic effects. Alternariol-3-glucoside (AG) and alternariol-9-monomethylether-3-glucoside (AMG) are masked derivatives of alternariol. Furthermore, in mammals, zearalenone-14-glucuronide (Z14Glr) is one of the most dominant metabolites of zearalenone. In this study, we examined serum albumins and cyclodextrins (CDs) as potential binders of AG, AMG, and Z14Glr. The most important results/conclusions were as follows: AG and AMG formed moderately strong complexes with human, bovine, porcine, and rat albumins. Rat albumin bound Z14Glr approximately 4.5-fold stronger than human albumin. AG–albumin and Z14Glr–albumin interactions were barely influenced by the environmental pH, while the formation of AMG–albumin complexes was strongly favored by alkaline conditions. Among the mycotoxin–CD complexes examined, AMG–sugammadex interaction proved to be the most stable. CD bead polymers decreased the mycotoxin content of aqueous solutions, with moderate removal of AG and AMG, while weak extraction of Z14Glr was observed. In conclusion, rat albumin is a relatively strong binder of Z14Glr, and albumin can form highly stable complexes with AMG at pH 8.5. Therefore, albumins can be considered as affinity proteins with regard to the latter mycotoxin metabolites.
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Construction of MOF@COF composite-based electrochemical aptasensor for detection of Staphylococcus aureus. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:901-909. [PMID: 36811185 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a biological metal-organic framework@conductive covalent organic framework composite (bio-MOF@con-COF, denoted as Zn-Glu@PTBD-COF, here, Glu indicates L-glutamic acid, PT indicates 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarbaldehyde, and BD indicates benzene-1,4-diamine) was prepared and used as sensing material to fabricate aptasensor for trace detection of Staphylococcus aureus (SA). The Zn-Glu@PTBD-COF integrates the mesoporous structure and abundant defects of the MOF framework, the excellent conductivity of the COF framework, and high stability of the composite, providing abundant active sites to effectively anchor aptamers. As a result, the Zn-Glu@PTBD-COF-based aptasensor shows high sensitivity to detect SA via specific recognition between aptamer and SA, as well as the formation of aptamer-SA complex. Low detection limits of 2.0 and 1.0 CFU·mL-1 are deduced from the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and differential pulse voltammetry within a wide linear range of 10-108 CFU·mL-1 for SA, respectively. The Zn-Glu@PTBD-COF-based aptasensor also shows good selectivity, reproducibility, stability, regenerability, and applicability for real milk and honey samples. Therefore, the Zn-Glu@PTBD-COF-based aptasensor will be promising for fast screening of foodborne bacteria in food service industry. Zn-Glu@PTBD-COF composite was prepared and used as sensing material to fabricate aptasensor for trace detection of Staphylococcus aureus (SA). Low detection limits of 2.0 and 1.0 CFU·mL-1 are deduced from the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and differential pulse voltammetry within a wide linear range of 10-108 CFU·mL-1 for SA, respectively. The Zn-Glu@PTBD-COF-based aptasensor also shows good selectivity, reproducibility, stability, regenerability, and applicability for real milk and honey samples.
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Owolabi IO, Kolawole O, Jantarabut P, Elliott CT, Petchkongkaew A. The importance and mitigation of mycotoxins and plant toxins in Southeast Asian fermented foods. NPJ Sci Food 2022; 6:39. [PMID: 36045143 PMCID: PMC9433409 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-022-00152-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermented foods (ffs) and beverages are widely consumed in Southeast Asia (SEA) for their nutritional balance, flavor, and food security. They serve as vehicles for beneficial microorganisms performing a significant role in human health. However, there are still major challenges concerning the safety of ffs and beverages due to the presence of natural toxins. In this review, the common toxins found in traditional ffs in SEA are discussed with special reference to mycotoxins and plant toxins. Also, mitigation measures for preventing risks associated with their consumption are outlined. Ochratoxin, citrinin, aflatoxins were reported to be major mycotoxins present in SEA ffs. In addition, soybean-based ff food products were more vulnerable to mycotoxin contaminations. Common plant toxins recorded in ffs include cyanogenic glycosides, oxalates, phytates and saponins. Combined management strategies such as pre-harvest, harvest and post-harvest control and decontamination, through the integration of different control methods such as the use of clean seeds, biological control methods, fermentation, appropriate packaging systems, and controlled processing conditions are needed for the safe consumption of indigenous ffs in SEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyiola O Owolabi
- School of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, 99 Mhu 18, Phahonyothin Road, Khong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.,International Joint Research Center on Food Security (IJC-FOODSEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Oluwatobi Kolawole
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Science, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens Belfast, BT9 5DL, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Phantakan Jantarabut
- School of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, 99 Mhu 18, Phahonyothin Road, Khong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.,International Joint Research Center on Food Security (IJC-FOODSEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Christopher T Elliott
- International Joint Research Center on Food Security (IJC-FOODSEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.,Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Science, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens Belfast, BT9 5DL, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Awanwee Petchkongkaew
- School of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, 99 Mhu 18, Phahonyothin Road, Khong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand. .,International Joint Research Center on Food Security (IJC-FOODSEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand. .,Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Science, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens Belfast, BT9 5DL, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
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Liu H, Xuan Z, Ye J, Chen J, Wang M, Freitag S, Krska R, Liu Z, Li L, Wu Y, Wang S. An Automatic Immunoaffinity Pretreatment of Deoxynivalenol Coupled with UPLC-UV Analysis. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:93. [PMID: 35202122 PMCID: PMC8879917 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An immunoaffinity magnetic beads (IMBs) based automatic pretreatment method was developed for the quantitative analysis of deoxynivalenol (DON) by ultra-performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detector (UPLC-UV). First, N-hydroxysuccinimide-terminated magnetic beads (NHS-MBs) with good magnetic responsivity and dispersibility were synthesized and characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and laser diffraction-based particle size analyzer. Then, the amino groups of anti-DON monoclonal antibody (mAb) and the NHS groups of NHS-MBs were linked by covalent bonds to prepare IMB, without any activation reagent. The essential factors affecting the binding and elution of DON were meticulously tuned. Under optimal conditions, DON could be extracted from a real sample and eluted from IMB by water, enabling environmentally friendly and green analysis. Hence, there was no need for dilution or evaporation prior to UPLC-UV analysis. DON in 20 samples could be purified and concentrated within 30 min by the mycotoxin automated purification instrument (MAPI), allowing for automated, green, high-throughput and simple clean-up. Recoveries at four distinct spiking levels in corn and wheat ranged from 92.0% to 109.5% with good relative standard deviations (RSD, 2.1-7.0%). Comparing the test results of IAC and IMB in commercial samples demonstrated the reliability and superiority of IMB for quantitatively analyzing massive samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Liu
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, No. 11 Baiwanzhuang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China; (H.L.); (Z.X.); (J.C.); (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Zhihong Xuan
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, No. 11 Baiwanzhuang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China; (H.L.); (Z.X.); (J.C.); (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jin Ye
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, No. 11 Baiwanzhuang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China; (H.L.); (Z.X.); (J.C.); (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jinnan Chen
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, No. 11 Baiwanzhuang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China; (H.L.); (Z.X.); (J.C.); (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China;
| | - Stephan Freitag
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 3430 Tulln, Austria; (S.F.); (R.K.)
| | - Rudolf Krska
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 3430 Tulln, Austria; (S.F.); (R.K.)
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Zehuan Liu
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, No. 11 Baiwanzhuang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China; (H.L.); (Z.X.); (J.C.); (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Y.W.)
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Li Li
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, No. 11 Baiwanzhuang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China; (H.L.); (Z.X.); (J.C.); (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yu Wu
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, No. 11 Baiwanzhuang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China; (H.L.); (Z.X.); (J.C.); (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Songxue Wang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, No. 11 Baiwanzhuang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China; (H.L.); (Z.X.); (J.C.); (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Y.W.)
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Ortiz-Villeda B, Lobos O, Aguilar-Zuniga K, Carrasco-Sánchez V. Ochratoxins in Wines: A Review of Their Occurrence in the Last Decade, Toxicity, and Exposure Risk in Humans. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13070478. [PMID: 34357950 PMCID: PMC8310159 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13070478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxins (OTs) are mycotoxins frequently found in wines, and their contamination can occur during any stage of the winemaking process. Ochratoxin A (OTA) has been the most widely reported and the only one whose concentrations are legislated in this beverage. However, ochratoxin B, ochratoxin A methyl ester, ochratoxin B methyl ester, ochratoxin A ethyl ester, ochratoxin B ethyl ester, ochratoxin α, ochratoxin β, OTα methyl ester, OTA ethyl amide, and OTA glucose ester have also been reported in wines. Thus, detecting only OTA would lead to the underestimation of ochratoxin levels, which is a risk to human health. Considering the threat represented by the presence of ochratoxins in wines and the long-term health problems that they can cause in wine drinkers, this paper aims to review reports of the last 10 years regarding the presence of different ochratoxins in wines and how the winemaking process influences the degree of contamination, mainly by OTA. Additionally, toxicity from human exposure due to the consumption of contaminated wines is addressed.
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Li X, Ma W, Ma Z, Zhang Q, Li H. Recent progress in determination of ochratoxin a in foods by chromatographic and mass spectrometry methods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5444-5461. [PMID: 33583259 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1885340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A is a highly toxic mycotoxin and has posed great threat to human health. Due to its serious toxicity and wide contamination, great efforts have been made to develop reliable determination methods. In this review, analytical methods are comprehensively summarized in terms of sample preparation strategy and instrumental analysis. Detailed method is described according to the food commodities in the order of cereal, wine, coffee, beer, cocoa, dried fruit and spice. This review mainly focuses on the recent advances, especially reported in the last decade. At last, challenges and perspectives are also discussed to achieve better advancement and promote practical application in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjiang Li
- Food Safety Laboratory, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Beijing State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghe Zhang
- Food Safety Laboratory, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Food Safety Laboratory, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
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Current role of modern chromatography and mass spectrometry in the analysis of mycotoxins in food. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Fliszár-Nyúl E, Szabó Á, Szente L, Poór M. Extraction of mycotoxin alternariol from red wine and from tomato juice with beta-cyclodextrin bead polymer. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Faisal Z, Vörös V, Fliszár-Nyúl E, Lemli B, Kunsági-Máté S, Poór M. Interactions of zearalanone, α-zearalanol, β-zearalanol, zearalenone-14-sulfate, and zearalenone-14-glucoside with serum albumin. Mycotoxin Res 2020; 36:389-397. [PMID: 32740802 PMCID: PMC7536148 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-020-00404-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The xenoestrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone is a Fusarium-derived food and feed contaminant. In mammals, the reduced (e.g., zearalanone, α-zearalanol, and β-zearalanol) and conjugated (e.g., zearalenone-14-sulfate) metabolites of zearalenone are formed. Furthermore, filamentous fungi and plants are also able to convert zearalenone to conjugated derivatives, including zearalenone-14-sulfate and zearalenone-14-glucoside, respectively. Serum albumin is the dominant plasma protein in the circulation; it interacts with certain mycotoxins, affecting their toxicokinetics. In a previous investigation, we demonstrated the remarkable species differences regarding the albumin binding of zearalenone and zearalenols. In the current study, the interactions of zearalanone, α-zearalanol, β-zearalanol, zearalenone-14-sulfate, and zearalenone-14-glucoside with human, bovine, porcine, and rat serum albumins were examined, employing fluorescence spectroscopy and affinity chromatography. Zearalanone, zearalanols, and zearalenone-14-sulfate form stable complexes with albumins tested (K = 9.3 × 103 to 8.5 × 105 L/mol), while the albumin binding of zearalenone-14-glucoside seems to be weak. Zearalenone-14-sulfate formed the most stable complexes with albumins examined. Considerable species differences were observed in the albumin binding of zearalenone metabolites, which may have a role in the interspecies differences regarding the toxicity of zearalenone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelma Faisal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, Ifjúság útja 20, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Virág Vörös
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, Ifjúság útja 20, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Eszter Fliszár-Nyúl
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, Ifjúság útja 20, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Beáta Lemli
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, Ifjúság útja 20, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kunsági-Máté
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, Ifjúság útja 20, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Miklós Poór
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary.
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, Ifjúság útja 20, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary.
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Agriopoulou S, Stamatelopoulou E, Varzakas T. Advances in Analysis and Detection of Major Mycotoxins in Foods. Foods 2020; 9:E518. [PMID: 32326063 PMCID: PMC7230321 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are the most widely studied biological toxins, which contaminate foods at very low concentrations. This review describes the emerging extraction techniques and the current and alternatives analytical techniques and methods that have been used to successfully detect and identify important mycotoxins. Some of them have proven to be particularly effective in not only the detection of mycotoxins, but also in detecting mycotoxin-producing fungi. Chromatographic techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with various detectors like fluorescence, diode array, UV, liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, have been powerful tools for analyzing and detecting major mycotoxins. Recent progress of the development of rapid immunoaffinity-based detection techniques such as immunoassays and biosensors, as well as emerging technologies like proteomic and genomic methods, molecular techniques, electronic nose, aggregation-induced emission dye, quantitative NMR and hyperspectral imaging for the detection of mycotoxins in foods, have also been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Theodoros Varzakas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece; (S.A.); (E.S.)
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Determination of Multi-Class Mycotoxins in Apples and Tomatoes by Combined Use of QuEChERS Method and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01753-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Peng S, Bai L, Wang L, Sun F, Liu H, Yan H. Fabrication of a cycloalkyl-monolith for on-line solid-phase extraction and determination of four polyphyllins in plasma. Anal Biochem 2020; 591:113555. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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