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Zhao WY, Zhang QQ, Zhao YF, Chang C, Wang X, Geng AL. Orychophragmus violaceus and/or chicory forage affects performance, egg quality, sensory evaluation and antioxidative properties in native laying hens. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2286610. [PMID: 38006583 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2286610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Orychophragmus violaceus (OV) and chicory (Cichorium intybus L., CC) can be used as fresh or dry forage for animals. To determine whether OV and/or CC have beneficial effects on performance and egg quality, a total of 1212 28-wk-old Beijing You Chicken (BYC) laying hens with similar performance were randomly allocated to 4 groups with 3 replicate pens per group, and 101 birds per pen. The birds were fed a basal diet (control), the basal diet + OV (3.507 kg/d/pen), the basal diet + CC (2.525 kg/d/pen), and the basal diet + OV + CC (OVC, 1.7535 kg/d/pen OV + 1.2625 kg/d/pen CC) for 3 wks after one wk of adaptation. The results showed that egg-laying rate was not affected by OV, CC and OVC (p > 0.05), but weekly average egg mass was significantly increased by OV and CC (p < 0.05). The feed egg ratio in the CC group (2.82) was significantly lower than that in the other three groups (p < 0.05). The eggshell thickness (EST), albumen height (AH) and Haugh unit (HU) were decreased by OV and CC (p < 0.05); while yolk color (YC) was increased in the CC and OVC groups (p < 0.05). Egg grade was decreased by OV (p < 0.05). Sensory evaluation showed that there was a trend for increased YC in OV, CC and OVC (p = 0.089). Serum total protein was significantly lower in OV group than those in the control and CC group (p < 0.05); serum albumin content was significantly decreased in OV, CC and OVC groups (p = 0.006). Serum glutathione peroxidase activity in CC and OVC groups was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the present study suggests that CC had a better effect on the performance of the native laying hens than OV. The OV and CC affected egg quality, while YC was increased in CC and OVC groups. The OVC improved YC and serum antioxidative properties of native laying hens without affecting the performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Zhao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P. R. China
| | - Q Q Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P. R. China
| | - Y F Zhao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - C Chang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - X Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - A L Geng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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Alonso-Allende J, Milagro FI, Aranaz P. Health Effects and Mechanisms of Inulin Action in Human Metabolism. Nutrients 2024; 16:2935. [PMID: 39275251 PMCID: PMC11397174 DOI: 10.3390/nu16172935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Inulin is a plant polysaccharide which, due to its chemical structure, is not digestible by human gut enzymes but by some bacteria of the human microbiota, acting as a prebiotic. Consequently, inulin consumption has been associated with changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota related to an improvement of the metabolic state, counteracting different obesity-related disturbances. However, the specific mechanisms of action, including bacterial changes, are not exactly known. Here, a bibliographic review was carried out to study the main effects of inulin on human metabolic health, with a special focus on the mechanisms of action of this prebiotic. Inulin supplementation contributes to body weight and BMI control, reduces blood glucose levels, improves insulin sensitivity, and reduces inflammation markers, mainly through the selective favoring of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producer species from the genera Bifidobacterium and Anaerostipes. These SCFAs have been shown to ameliorate glucose metabolism and decrease hepatic lipogenesis, reduce inflammation, modulate immune activity, and improve anthropometric parameters such as body weight or BMI. In conclusion, the studies collected suggest that inulin intake produces positive metabolic effects through the improvement of the intestinal microbiota and through the metabolites produced by its fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Alonso-Allende
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fermín I Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31009 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Aranaz
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31009 Pamplona, Spain
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Micheloni OB, Ramallo IA, Farroni AE, Furlan RLE. A simple thin-layer chromatography autography for the detection of peroxidase inhibitors. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 61:1722-1732. [PMID: 39049920 PMCID: PMC11263322 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-024-05946-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Thin layer chromatography bioautographic assays facilitate the acquisition of activity-profile chromatograms and assist in pinpointing active constituents within complex mixtures by observing the inhibition halos they produce. Peroxidase is an enzyme implicated in the browning of different fresh cut vegetables and in several diseases. A peroxidase bioautographic assay was developed, based on enzyme agarose immobilization and the 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt/radical cation (ABTS/ABTS·+) reporter system. Peroxidase was purified from potatoes with the aim to detect specific inhibitors. To reduce false positives, a non-enzymatic assay was also employed. The best results are obtained when a solution containing agarose, ABTS, hydrogen peroxide, and peroxidase in phosphate buffer is poured over the TLC plate (final concentrations: 0.031 mmoles/cm2, 0.239 µmoles/cm2, and 84.04 U/cm2) and incubated for 70 min. Limit of detection and quantification for quercetin is 0.16 µg and 0.54 µg, respectively. The developed system is able to detect quercetin in a Solidago chilensis Meyen extract and a peroxidase inhibitor in a Cichorium intybus L. extract. Therefore, the assay can detect inhibitory constituents in complex mixtures and differentiate between peroxidase inhibitors and ABTS·+ radical scavengers before any preparative fractionation, helping to take early operational decisions that can save time and resources. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-024-05946-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Bernardo Micheloni
- Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias, Naturales y Ambientales, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Pergamino, Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Ivana Ayelen Ramallo
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Abel Eduardo Farroni
- Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias, Naturales y Ambientales, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Pergamino, Buenos Aires Argentina
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Pergamino, Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Ricardo Luis Eugenio Furlan
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
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Meng XH, Pan YA, Lv H, Ding XQ, Yin DQ, Gai YN, Niu GT, Ren BR, Qian XG, Chen J. One new 12, 8-guaianolide sesquiterpene lactone with antihyperglycemic activity from the roots of Cichorium intybus. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:3244-3252. [PMID: 37395502 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2230606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Three 12, 8-guaianolide sesquiterpene lactones, including a new compound intybusin F (1), and a new natural product cichoriolide I (2), along with six known 12, 6-guaianolide compounds (4-9) were isolated from the roots of Cichorium intybus L. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of new compounds were elucidated based on analysis of the experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. Compounds 1, 2, 4, 7, 8 showed significant effects on facilitating the glucose uptake in oleic acid plus high glucose-stimulated HepG2 cells at 50 μM. In addition, compounds 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 exhibited obvious inhibitory effects against NO production, of them, compounds 1, 2, 7 can significantly decrease the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and COX-2) levels in this hyperglycemic HepG2 cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Hua Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin-An Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - De-Quan Yin
- Fengning PingAn High-Tech Industrial Co., Ltd, Chengde, China
| | - Ya-Nan Gai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Guan-Ting Niu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing-Ru Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Guo Qian
- Fengning PingAn High-Tech Industrial Co., Ltd, Chengde, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
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Ren J, Ren X, Ma L, Liu J, Yuan S, Wang G. Pharmacokinetics and antioxidant activity of dihydrocaffeic acid grafted chitosan nanomicelles loaded with chicoric acid in broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103776. [PMID: 38688136 PMCID: PMC11077034 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Chicoric acid (CA) is a natural nutrient found in plants, showcasing diverse biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Despite its valuable properties, CA faces limitations in bioavailability and susceptibility to oxidative breakdown during utilization. Previous research introduced synthesized dihydrocaffeic acid grafted chitosan self-assembled nanomicelles (DA-g-CS), demonstrating its potential to enhance CA absorption. This study aims to investigate the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and antioxidant activity of both CA and DA-g-CS loaded CA (DA-g-CS/CA) in broilers. An IPEC-J2 cell model was established and evaluated to delve deeper into the transport mechanism and antioxidant potential. The in vivo pharmacokinetic analysis in broilers highlighted a substantial difference: the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of DA-g-CS/CA exceeded CA by 2.6-fold, yielding a notable increased relative bioavailability to 214%. This evidence underscores the significant enhancement in CA's oral absorption, facilitated by DA-g-CS. The collective evaluation outcomes affirm the successful development of the cell model, indicating its suitability for drug transporter experiments. The findings from the intestinal transit analysis revealed that both CA and DA-g-CS/CA underwent passive entry into IPEC-J2 cells. Notably, the cellular uptake rate of DA-g-CS loaded with CA was significantly amplified, reaching 2.1 times higher than that of CA alone. Intracellular transport mechanisms involved microtubules, lysosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum, with an additional pathway involving the endoplasmic reticulum observed specifically for DA-g-CS/CA, distinguishing it from CA. Moreover, the results from both in vivo and in vitro antioxidant assessments highlight the potent antioxidant activity of DA-g-CS/CA, showcasing its efficacy in preventing and treating cellular damage induced by oxidative stress. In summary, these findings underscore the significant enhancement of CA's efficacy facilitated by DA-g-CS, establishing a robust theoretical foundation for the prospective application of CA within livestock and poultry farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Leying Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Juxiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Sikun Yuan
- Baoding Institute for Food and Drug Control, Baoding, Hebei 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Gengnan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, People's Republic of China.
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Tian Y, Jian T, Li J, Huang L, Li S, Lu H, Niu G, Meng X, Ren B, Liao H, Ding X, Chen J. Phenolic acids from Chicory roots ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice by targeting TRP signaling pathways and the gut microbiota. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155378. [PMID: 38507851 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a type of immune-mediated condition associated with intestinal homeostasis. Our preliminary studies disclosed that Cichorium intybus L., a traditional medicinal plant, also known as Chicory in Western countries, contained substantial phenolic acids displaying significant anti-inflammatory activities. We recognized the potential of harnessing Chicory for the treatment of IBD, prompting a need for in-depth investigation into the underlying mechanisms. METHODS On the third day, mice were given 100, 200 mg/kg of total phenolic acids (PA) from Chicory and 200 mg/kg of sulfasalazine (SASP) via gavage, while dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) concentration was 2.5 % for one week. The study measured and evaluated various health markers including body weight, disease activity index (DAI), colon length, spleen index, histological score, serum concentrations of myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid oxidation (MDA), and inflammatory factors. We evaluated the TRP family and the NLRP3 inflammatory signaling pathways by Western blot, while 16S rDNA sequencing was used to track the effects of PA on gut microbes. RESULTS It was shown that PA ameliorated the weight loss trend, attenuated inflammatory damage, regulated oxidative stress levels, and repaired the intestinal barrier in DSS mice. Analyses of Western blots demonstrated that PA suppressed what was expressed of transient receptor potential family TRPV4, TRPA1, and the expression of NLRP3 inflammatory signaling pathway, NLRP3 and GSDMD. In addition, PA exerted therapeutic effects on IBD by regulating gut microbiota richness and diversity. Meanwhile, the result of the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway enrichment analysis showed that gut microbiota was mainly related to Membrane Transport, Replication and Repair, Carbohydrate Metabolism and Amino Acid Metabolism. CONCLUSION PA derived from Chicory may have therapeutic effects on IBD by regulating the TRPV4/NLRP3 signaling pathway and gut microbiome. This study provides new insights into the effects of phenolic acids from Chicory on TRP ion channels and gut microbiota, revealing previously unexplored modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Tian
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Tunyu Jian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Painology, Hainan Cancer Hospital, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Lushi Huang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shen Li
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guanting Niu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiuhua Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Bingru Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Huarong Liao
- Pharmaceutical Affairs Department, Hubei Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital HuBei Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine, WuHan 430061, China
| | - Xiaoqin Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
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Odriozola A, González A, Odriozola I, Álvarez-Herms J, Corbi F. Microbiome-based precision nutrition: Prebiotics, probiotics and postbiotics. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2024; 111:237-310. [PMID: 38908901 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms have been used in nutrition and medicine for thousands of years worldwide, long before humanity knew of their existence. It is now known that the gut microbiota plays a key role in regulating inflammatory, metabolic, immune and neurobiological processes. This text discusses the importance of microbiota-based precision nutrition in gut permeability, as well as the main advances and current limitations of traditional probiotics, new-generation probiotics, psychobiotic probiotics with an effect on emotional health, probiotic foods, prebiotics, and postbiotics such as short-chain fatty acids, neurotransmitters and vitamins. The aim is to provide a theoretical context built on current scientific evidence for the practical application of microbiota-based precision nutrition in specific health fields and in improving health, quality of life and physiological performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Odriozola
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
| | - Adriana González
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Iñaki Odriozola
- Health Department of Basque Government, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jesús Álvarez-Herms
- Phymo® Lab, Physiology, and Molecular Laboratory, Collado Hermoso, Segovia, Spain
| | - Francesc Corbi
- Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Centre de Lleida, Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
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Petrova M, Miladinova-Georgieva K, Geneva M. Influence of Abiotic and Biotic Elicitors on Organogenesis, Biomass Accumulation, and Production of Key Secondary Metabolites in Asteraceae Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4197. [PMID: 38673783 PMCID: PMC11050642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The medicinal plants of the Asteraceae family are a valuable source of bioactive secondary metabolites, including polyphenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, acetylenes, sesquiterpene lactones, triterpenes, etc. Under stressful conditions, the plants develop these secondary substances to carry out physiological tasks in plant cells. Secondary Asteraceae metabolites that are of the greatest interest to consumers are artemisinin (an anti-malarial drug from Artemisia annua L.-sweet wormwood), steviol glycosides (an intense sweetener from Stevia rebaudiana Bert.-stevia), caffeic acid derivatives (with a broad spectrum of biological activities synthesized from Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench-echinacea and Cichorium intybus L.-chicory), helenalin and dihydrohelenalin (anti-inflammatory drug from Arnica montana L.-mountain arnica), parthenolide ("medieval aspirin" from Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch.Bip.-feverfew), and silymarin (liver-protective medicine from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.-milk thistle). The necessity to enhance secondary metabolite synthesis has arisen due to the widespread use of these metabolites in numerous industrial sectors. Elicitation is an effective strategy to enhance the production of secondary metabolites in in vitro cultures. Suitable technological platforms for the production of phytochemicals are cell suspension, shoots, and hairy root cultures. Numerous reports describe an enhanced accumulation of desired metabolites after the application of various abiotic and biotic elicitors. Elicitors induce transcriptional changes in biosynthetic genes, leading to the metabolic reprogramming of secondary metabolism and clarifying the mechanism of the synthesis of bioactive compounds. This review summarizes biotechnological investigations concerning the biosynthesis of medicinally essential metabolites in plants of the Asteraceae family after various elicitor treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Geneva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Bldg. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.P.); (K.M.-G.)
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Kobayashi W, Tomizawa A, Kurawaka M, Abe M, Watanabe A, Ayabe S. Metabolomic profiling of the nutritional components of chicory leaves following heat processing. J Food Sci 2024; 89:2054-2066. [PMID: 38391109 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.; witloof) is a crisp bitter leafy vegetable, popularly used in western cuisine in salads and soups (leaves) and as an alternative to coffee (roasted roots). In this study, we explored the effect of heat processing under various temperatures and for different durations on the nutritional composition of chicory leaves using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and principal component analysis (PCA). "Vintor" chicory leaves were processed and homogenized to obtain lyophilized samples, and their moisture content and pH were measured. Heat processing was conducted at 4, 30, 60, and 100°C. Metabolites were extracted and analyzed using GC/MS. The results were statistically analyzed using multiple t-tests and Tukey-Kramer method. A PCA was conducted using standardized data. A lower temperature (≤60°C) positively influenced the concentrations of nutritional components (sugars, free amino acids, and organic acids), branched-chain amino acids (which reportedly improve exercise performance), and γ-aminobutyric acid (which exerts antihypertensive effects). Whereas, a higher temperature (100°C) and microwave processing induced the generation of low-molecular-weight sugars from polysaccharides and glycosides, decreased free amino acid concentrations, and caused heat-induced aminocarbonyl reactions. This study provides valuable information for enhancing the flavor profiles and potential health benefits of chicory leaves by identifying the optimal heat processing parameters for preserving the desired nutritional value. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The palatability, nutritional content, and health benefits of chicory have been evaluated based on its inherent constituents, but changes in these parameters during food processing remain unclear. Heating at 30 and 60°C activated secondary metabolism in chicory, increasing the amino acid and organic acid concentrations, whereas heating at 100°C and microwave processing increased the sugar concentrations in chicory. Thus, the nutritional value and potential health benefits of chicory could be enhanced by processing it under controlled temperatures; the findings are valuable for both consumers and food processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Kobayashi
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Health, Komazawa Women's University, Inagi-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tomizawa
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare Graduate School, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Misaki Kurawaka
- Department of Food Development, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University, Niiza-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masako Abe
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Akio Watanabe
- Department of Food Development, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University, Niiza-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sonoko Ayabe
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare Graduate School, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, Japan
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Bachhar V, Joshi V, Gangal A, Duseja M, Shukla RK. Identification of Bioactive Phytoconstituents, Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Calyptocarpus vialis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:1921-1947. [PMID: 37450214 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04640-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This study is focused to highlight the phytochemical, nutrient content and in vitro antioxidant capacity of the wildly growing plant Calyptocarpus vialis (CV) of the Asteraceae family collected from the Garhwal region of India. Phytochemical and nutritional analysis of CV is done by qualitative and quantitative methods. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis confirmed the presence of phenols, alkanes, aliphatic primary amines, carboxylic acids, nitrile, aromatics and alcohols. Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) revealed the presence of terpenoids, plant sterols and phenols such as phytol (14.9%), stigmasterol (10.02%), viridiflorol (4.19%), squalene (2.54%) and various other phytochemicals. The plant's study reveals the existence of numerous nutritious elements, including proteins, vitamins, carbohydrates and amino acids. It also revealed the presence of the huge amount of phenolic content ⁓13.49 g in a 100-g dried CV plant sample. The antioxidant potential of methanolic extract of CV was estimated using DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay, phosphomolybdate assay and reducing power assay. The highest percentage of antioxidant activity determined from three assays is 74 to 87% for 1 mg of dry extract. It is observed that the CV extract act as a good antioxidant when compared to other plants of the Asteraceae family even at very low concentration of the sample. Hence, CV found in the foothills of Himalayas can be further explored as a source of potent bioactive compounds and natural and economical antioxidant for biomedical and immunity-boosting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwajeet Bachhar
- Analytical Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248009, India
| | - Vibha Joshi
- Analytical Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248009, India
| | - Avinash Gangal
- Analytical Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248009, India
| | - Manisha Duseja
- Analytical Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248009, India.
| | - Ravi K Shukla
- Advanced Functional Smart Materials Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Department of Physics, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248009, India
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11
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Eassawy MMT, Ismail AFM. Protective effect of chicory and/or artichoke leaves extracts on carbon tetrachloride and gamma-irradiation-induced chronic nephrotoxicity in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:1666-1681. [PMID: 38031637 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is in progress that causes kidney failure, leading to global problems. This manuscript investigated the nephroprotective effects of chicory (CLE) and/or artichoke (ALE) leaves extracts on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) and gamma-irradiation (Rad)-induced chronic nephrotoxicity in rats. Rats were divided into 10 groups (10 animals/group): group 1: control, groups 2-7 rats were treated with CLE, ALE, CLE/ALE, CCl4 , Rad, and CCl4 /Rad, respectively. Groups 8 to 10, rats were intoxicated with CCl4 /Rad, and treated with CLE, ALE, and CLE/ALE extracts, respectively, for 4 weeks. The data demonstrated that CCl4 administration or Rad exposure induced high levels of urea and creatinine, with low levels of total protein and albumin in the serum. However, high levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), some pro-inflammatory markers such as interleukins (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6), TNF-α, NF-κB, the fibrotic marker; TGF-β1, calcium, and copper, low contents of reduced glutathione (GSH), iron, and zinc, and suppression of the antioxidant enzymes' activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were observed. In addition, the Wnt and β-catenin protein expression ratios were up-regulated in the kidney tissues of the CCl4 , and Rad intoxicated animals. However, the combined treatment CCl4 /Rad augmented these measurements. On the other hand, CLE, ALE, and CLE/ALE treatments demonstrated nephroprotection in the kidney tissues of CCl4 /Rad intoxicated animals, in the order of CLE/ALE>ALE>CLE by ameliorating the investigated parameters. Kidney tissues' histopathological examinations confirmed these results. In conclusion, CLE and/or ALE demonstrated nephroprotection against CCl4 /Rad co-toxicity mediated by down-regulation of renal Wnt/β-catenin protein expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdouh M T Eassawy
- Regional Center for Food and Feed (RCFF), Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amel F M Ismail
- Drug Radiation Research Department, Biotechnology Division, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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12
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Vitiello M, Pecoraro M, De Leo M, Camangi F, Parisi V, Donadio G, Braca A, Franceschelli S, De Tommasi N. Chemical Profiling, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Hyoseris radiata L., a Plant Used in the Phytoalimurgic Tradition. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:111. [PMID: 38247535 PMCID: PMC10812485 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyoseris radiata L. (Asteraceae), known as "wild chicory", is a perennial herbaceous plant native to the Mediterranean region, North Africa, and West Asia. Collected from the wild, the plant is largely used in Italy for culinary purposes and in popular medicine, so that it can be included in the list of phytoalimurgic plants. The present study aimed to investigate for the first time the plant's chemical profile, through a combined UHPLC-HR-ESI-Orbitrap/MS and NMR approach, and its potential healthy properties, focusing on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The LC-MS/MS analysis and the isolation through chromatographic techniques of the plant's hydroalcoholic extract allowed the authors to identify 48 compounds, including hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, megastigmane glucosides, coumarins, and lignans, together with several unsaturated fatty acids. The quantitative analysis highlighted a relevant amount of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids, with a total of 12.9 ± 0.4 mg/g DW. NMR-based chemical profiling revealed the presence of a good amount of amino acids and monosaccharides, and chicoric and chlorogenic acids as the most representative polyphenols. Finally, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of H. radiata were investigated through cell-free and cell-based assays, showing a good antioxidant potential for the plant extract and a significant reduction in COX-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vitiello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.V.); (M.D.L.)
| | - Michela Pecoraro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.P.); (V.P.); (G.D.); (S.F.); (N.D.T.)
| | - Marinella De Leo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.V.); (M.D.L.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- CISUP, Centre for Instrumentation Sharing, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabiano Camangi
- CSRC, Crop Science Research Center, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Valentina Parisi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.P.); (V.P.); (G.D.); (S.F.); (N.D.T.)
| | - Giuliana Donadio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.P.); (V.P.); (G.D.); (S.F.); (N.D.T.)
| | - Alessandra Braca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.V.); (M.D.L.)
| | - Silvia Franceschelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.P.); (V.P.); (G.D.); (S.F.); (N.D.T.)
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.P.); (V.P.); (G.D.); (S.F.); (N.D.T.)
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13
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Moscatello S, Proietti S, Severoni A, Battistelli A. Simple procedure to enhance pulsed amperometric detector (PAD) response stability for inulin-type fructans analysis. Application to a case study with chicory taproot. Food Chem 2024; 430:136923. [PMID: 37517944 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
A new electrode management, within the HPAEC-PAD systems, was proposed to measure inulin-type fructans in chicory roots, grown under two lighting periods: 12 h (T-12 h) and 24 h continuous lighting (T-24 h-CL), with the same daily light integral (DLI). The amperometric cell turn-off (PAD-Off) after elution of carbohydrate of interest, allowed the stabilization of the PAD response, avoiding excessive electrode surface oxidation. The enhanced signal stability allowed the application of fucose as internal standard (ISTD) for data normalization, improving the correctness of linear calibration curves and the quantification of fructans in the case study of chicory plants. T-24 h-CL decreased FW and DW of chicory leaves while increasing these parameters in roots. Fructans amount in chicory roots was significantly higher in the T-24-CL photoperiod. The accuracy of prebiotics quantification by PAD-Off emphasized significant differences between light treatments. CL can improve the yield and quality of chicory roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Moscatello
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri (IRET), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Porano (TR) 05010, Italy.
| | - Simona Proietti
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri (IRET), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Porano (TR) 05010, Italy.
| | - Anna Severoni
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Strada Rivoltana, Rodano (MI) 20053, Italy
| | - Alberto Battistelli
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri (IRET), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Porano (TR) 05010, Italy
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14
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Saleh SR, Saleh OM, El-Bessoumy AA, Sheta E, Ghareeb DA, Eweda SM. The Therapeutic Potential of Two Egyptian Plant Extracts for Mitigating Dexamethasone-Induced Osteoporosis in Rats: Nrf2/HO-1 and RANK/RANKL/OPG Signals. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:66. [PMID: 38247490 PMCID: PMC10812806 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The prolonged use of exogenous glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone (Dex), is the most prevalent secondary cause of osteoporosis, known as glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO). The current study examined the preventative and synergistic effect of aqueous chicory extract (ACE) and ethanolic purslane extract (EPE) on GIO compared with Alendronate (ALN). The phytochemical contents, elemental analysis, antioxidant scavenging activity, and ACE and EPE combination index were evaluated. Rats were randomly divided into control, ACE, EPE, and ACE/EPE MIX groups (100 mg/kg orally), Dex group (received 1.5 mg Dex/kg, Sc), and four treated groups received ACE, EPE, ACE/EPE MIX, and ALN with Dex. The bone mineral density and content, bone index, growth, turnover, and oxidative stress were measured. The molecular analysis of RANK/RANKL/OPG and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways were also evaluated. Dex causes osteoporosis by increasing oxidative stress, decreasing antioxidant markers, reducing bone growth markers (OPG and OCN), and increasing bone turnover and resorption markers (NFATc1, RANKL, ACP, ALP, IL-6, and TNF-α). In contrast, ACE, EPE, and ACE/EPE MIX showed a prophylactic effect against Dex-induced osteoporosis by modulating the measured parameters and the histopathological architecture. In conclusion, ACE/EPE MIX exerts a powerful synergistic effect against GIO by a mode of action different from ALN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar R. Saleh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt; (O.M.S.); (A.A.E.-B.); (D.A.G.); (S.M.E.)
- Bio-Screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt
| | - Omnia M. Saleh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt; (O.M.S.); (A.A.E.-B.); (D.A.G.); (S.M.E.)
- Bio-Screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A. El-Bessoumy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt; (O.M.S.); (A.A.E.-B.); (D.A.G.); (S.M.E.)
| | - Eman Sheta
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt;
| | - Doaa A. Ghareeb
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt; (O.M.S.); (A.A.E.-B.); (D.A.G.); (S.M.E.)
- Bio-Screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt
| | - Saber M. Eweda
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt; (O.M.S.); (A.A.E.-B.); (D.A.G.); (S.M.E.)
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Lv Z, Wang B, Wang B, Zhang H. In vivo comprehensive metabolite profiling of esculetin and esculin derived from chicory in hyperuricemia rats using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300664. [PMID: 38010472 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Chicory, renowned for its multifaceted benefits, houses two vital coumarins, esculetin and esculin, both instrumental in reducing uric acid. This study emphasizes the metabolic pathways of esculetin and esculin under both standard and hyperuricemia conditions. Hyperuricemia was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats using oxonic acid potassium salt (300 mg·kg-1 ) and a 10% fructose water regimen over 21 days. Leveraging the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry, we analyzed the fragmentation behaviors of esculetin and esculin in rat bio-samples. Post oral-intake of esculetin or esculin, a notable dip in serum uric acid levels was observed in hyperuricemia rats. The investigation unveiled 24 esculetin metabolites and 14 for esculin. The metabolic pathways of both compounds were hydrolysis, hydroxylation, hydrogenation, dehydroxylation, glucuronidation, sulfation, and methylation. Interestingly, certain metabolites presented variations between standard and hyperuricemia rats, indicating that elevated levels of uric acid may affect enzyme activity linked to these metabolic reactions. This is the first systematic study on comparison of metabolic profiles of esculetin and esculin in both normal and hyperuricemia states, which was helpful to enrich our understanding of the complicated structure-activity relationships between esculin and esculetin and shed light to their action mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Lv
- Institute of Traditional Medicine Analysis, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
- High-level Key Discipline of Traditional Medicine Analysis of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Boyang Wang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine Analysis, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
- High-level Key Discipline of Traditional Medicine Analysis of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Bianli Wang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine Analysis, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
- High-level Key Discipline of Traditional Medicine Analysis of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine Analysis, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
- High-level Key Discipline of Traditional Medicine Analysis of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
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16
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Tsehay EG, Emire SA, Admassu H, Gebeyehu TA. Nutritional composition and phytochemical content of wild edible tuber ( amorphophallus abyssinicus) crop. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2023.2197176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eden Genetu Tsehay
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Biotechnology and Bioprocess Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Shimelis Admassu Emire
- Food Engineering Graduate Program, School of Chemical and Bio Engineering, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Admassu
- Biotechnology and Bioprocess Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Food Process Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Teshome Assefa Gebeyehu
- Food Science and Nutrition laboratory, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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17
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Yan J, Zhang R, Kang J, Zhong Y, Abudurexiti A, Tan H, Lei Y, Ma X. Effect of Cichorium glandulosum on intestinal microbiota and bile acid metabolism in db/db mice. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:7765-7778. [PMID: 38107125 PMCID: PMC10724598 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of Chorum glandulosum Boiss. et Huet (CG) on the intestinal microbiota and serum bile acid (BA) in db/db mice. A total of 12 db/db mice were randomly divided into model (MOD), high-dose CG (CGH), and control (CON) groups. The CON and MOD groups received distilled water by gavage for 8 weeks. Whereas, the CGH group received an alcohol extract of CG at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day. Results showed that CG can reduce blood lipid levels. It change the composition of the intestinal microbiota, and increase the relative abundances of Muribaculaceae, Prevotellaceae, Bifidobacterium_pseudolongum, Bacteroidaceae in db/db mice as well. LC-MS metabolomics results showed that CG adjusted the serum BA levels. The results reduced the levels of primary BAs, such as cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA). The results decreased the primary BA/secondary BA (PSA/SBA) ratio in db/db mice. Correlation analysis showed that the abundances of Bifidobacterium_pseudolongum and Bacteroidaceae were positively correlated with acetic acid level and negatively correlated with ursocholic acid (UCA), α-muricholic acid (αMCA), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol levels (TC), indicating an interaction between the intestinal microbiota and serum BAs. CG may play a positive role in the interaction between the intestinal microbiota and BAs in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Yan
- College of PharmacyXinjiang Medical UniversityXinjiangChina
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of PharmacyXinjiang Medical UniversityXinjiangChina
| | - Jinsen Kang
- College of PharmacyXinjiang Medical UniversityXinjiangChina
| | - Yewei Zhong
- College of PharmacyXinjiang Medical UniversityXinjiangChina
| | | | - Huiwen Tan
- College of PharmacyXinjiang Medical UniversityXinjiangChina
| | - Yi Lei
- College of PharmacyXinjiang Medical UniversityXinjiangChina
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- College of PharmacyXinjiang Medical UniversityXinjiangChina
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18
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Ren J, Ren X, Li Y, Liu J, Yuan S, Wang G. Dihydrocaffeic acid grafted chitosan self-assembled nanomicelles with enhanced intestinal transport and antioxidant properties of chicoric acid. Food Chem 2023; 427:136707. [PMID: 37385060 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Chicoric acid (CA) plays a crucial role as a functional factor within the realm of foods, showcasing a wide array of bioactivities. Nevertheless, its oral bioavailability is significantly limited. To optimize the intestinal absorption and bolster the antioxidant capacity of CA, a water-soluble dihydrocaffeic acid grafted chitosan copolymer (DA-g-CS) was synthesized using a conventional free radicals system, and subsequently utilized for the encapsulation of CA within self-assembled nanomicelles (DA-g-CS/CA). The average particle size of DA-g-CS/CA was 203.3 nm, while the critical micelle concentration was 3.98 × 10-4 mg/mL. Intestinal transport studies revealed that DA-g-CS/CA penetrated cells via the macropinocytosis pathway, exhibiting the cellular uptake rate 1.64 times higher than that of CA. This substantial enhancement in the intestinal transport of CA underscores the significant improvements achieved through DA-g-CS/CA delivery. The pharmacokinetic results demonstrated that DA-g-CS/CA exhibited a remarkable bioavailability 2.24 times that of CA. Furthermore, the antioxidant assessment demonstrated that DA-g-CS/CA exhibited exceptional antioxidant properties in comparison to CA. It demonstrated enhanced protective and mitigating effects in the H2O2-induced oxidative damage model, while also displaying a stronger emphasis on protective effects rather than attenuating effects. These findings aim to establish a solid theoretical foundation for the advancement of CA in terms of its oral absorption and the development of functional food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yipeng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Juxiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Sikun Yuan
- Baoding Institute for Food and Drug Control, Baoding, Hebei 071000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gengnan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Fernández-Lainez C, Aan de Stegge M, Silva-Lagos LA, López-Velázquez G, de Vos P. β(2 → 1)-β(2 → 6) and β(2 → 1) fructans protect from impairment of intestinal tight junction's gene expression and attenuate human dendritic cell responses in a fructan-dependent fashion. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 320:121259. [PMID: 37659831 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
β(2 → 1)-β(2 → 6) branched graminan-type fructans (GTFs) and β(2 → 1) linear fructans (ITFs) possess immunomodulatory properties and protect human intestinal barrier function, however the mechanisms underlying these effects are not well studied. Herein, GTFs and ITFs effects with different degree of polymerization (DP) values on tight junctions (TJs) genes CLDN-1, -2 and -3, CDH1, OCLN and TJP1 were studied in Caco-2 gut epithelial cells, under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. Also, cytokine production in dendritic cells (DCs) was studied. Higher DP fructans decreased the expression of the pore forming CLDN-2. Higher DP GTFs enhanced CLDN-3, OCLN, and TJP-1. Fructans prevented mRNA dysregulation of CLDN-1, -2 and -3 induced by the barrier disruptors A23187 and deoxynivalenol in a fructan-type dependent fashion. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines MCP-1/CCL2, MIP-1α/CCL3 and TNFα by DCs was also attenuated in a fructan-type dependent manner and was strongly attenuated by DCs cultured with medium of Caco-2 cells which were pre-exposed to fructans. Our data show that specific fructans have TJs and DCs modulating effects and contribute to gut homeostasis. This might serve to design effective dietary means to prevent intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Fernández-Lainez
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Laboratorio de Errores innatos del Metabolismo y Tamiz, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuidad de México, Mexico.
| | - Myrthe Aan de Stegge
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Luis Alfredo Silva-Lagos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Gabriel López-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Biomoléculas y Salud Infantil, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Cuidad de México, Mexico.
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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20
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Verhulst EP, Brunton NP, Rai DK. Polyphenols in Agricultural Grassland Crops and Their Health-Promoting Activities-A Review. Foods 2023; 12:4122. [PMID: 38002180 PMCID: PMC10670144 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Grassland crops are emerging reservoirs of undisturbed, natural antioxidants and phytochemicals, such as phenolic acids and flavonoids. The present review will focus on the most commonly cultivated crops, namely Lolium perenne L, Cichorium intybus L, Plantago lanceolata L. and Trifolium pratense L, which have been recognized for their polyphenolic composition. However, these crops are often undervalued and underutilized, yet have the means of potentially creating novel, value-added food and nutraceutical products. Previous studies relating to these crops have identified them as rich sources of caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, daidzein, kaempferol, luteolin, and quercetin. The key to harnessing the hidden potential of these species is the recovery, identification, and characterization of the phytochemicals they contain. Considering the upsurge of research studies on alternative plant-based diets for the health of humans and the planet earth, there is a necessity to understand the phytochemical composition and the bioactivity that they possess. This review summarizes recovery methods of phytochemicals from the aforementioned grassland crops and their compositional and functional (antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic) characterization and discusses the potential for grassland crops as an abundant reservoir of health-promoting ingredients which can increase the nutritional composition within novel food innovations or within nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily P. Verhulst
- Department of Food BioSciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland;
- The School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Nigel P. Brunton
- The School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Dilip K. Rai
- Department of Food BioSciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland;
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21
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Krepkova LV, Babenko AN, Lemyaseva SV, Saybel OL, Sherwin CM, Enioutina EY. Modulation of Hepatic Functions by Chicory ( Cichorium intybus L.) Extract: Preclinical Study in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1471. [PMID: 37895942 PMCID: PMC10609820 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is important in detoxifying organisms from xenobiotics, supporting immune functions, and metabolizing lipids and glucose. In addition, a growing number of drug-induced liver injuries and diseases associated with liver dysfunction make the development of phytodrugs targeting multiple liver functions particularly crucial. Therefore, we investigated the effects of a novel chicory extract prepared from aerial parts of the wild Cichorium intybus L. plant (CE) on liver enzymes and on lipid and glucose metabolism in rats with acute liver injury or hyperlipidemia. A single subcutaneous injection of mercury chloride induced an acute liver injury. Hyperlipidemia was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of Tween-80 or by feeding rats with cholesterol and mercazolil for 28 days. Under varying regimens, the experimental rats received 100 mg/kg b.w. or 500 mg/kg b.w. of CE. CE treatment ameliorated acute liver injury by reducing liver enzyme activity, bilirubin, glucose, and lipid levels. Treatment of hyperlipidemic rats with CE effectively reduced serum lipid and glucose levels. The data obtained in this study suggest that chicory-based phytodrugs may be used to effectively treat acute liver injury and for the prophylaxis or treatment of diseases such as hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Clinical trials are needed to prove the effectiveness of chicory extract in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubov V. Krepkova
- All-Russian Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR), Moscow 113628, Russia
| | - Alexandra N. Babenko
- All-Russian Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR), Moscow 113628, Russia
| | - Svetlana V. Lemyaseva
- All-Russian Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR), Moscow 113628, Russia
| | - Olga L. Saybel
- All-Russian Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR), Moscow 113628, Russia
| | - Catherine M. Sherwin
- Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton Children’s Hospital, Dayton, OH 45435, USA;
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Elena Y. Enioutina
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
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22
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Kharkhota M, Kharchuk M, Duplij V, Brindza J, Avdieieva L, Matvieieva N. Effect of Priestia endophytica on the metabolites accumulation in chicory and lettuce plants cultivated in vitro. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 53:1137-1142. [PMID: 36762765 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2175365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the culture medium without bacterial cells, obtained after the cultivation of endophytic bacteria Priestia endophytica UCM B-5715, on the growth and synthesis of some metabolites in lettuce and chicory seedlings under in vitro conditions was studied. Bacteria were cultivated in liquid LB medium at 37 ºC for 24 h with periodic stirring. The culture fluid was separated from the cell biomass. For preparing the test solution, the supernatant was sterilized by filtration through a filter with a pore diameter of 0.2 µm (Sartorius, Minisart) and diluted with sterile distilled water. The 20% culture fluid (30 µl/plant) was applied to 3-day-old seedlings. In 28 days root and shoot weights of treated chicory plants were 54.3 ± 6.9 and 260.0 ± 20.2 mg, respectively (8.0 ± 0.7 and 91.4 ± 7.0 mg for the control plants). Total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity increased only in chicory plants after the addition of the test solution. Significant changes in the metabolism of treated plants were detected. In the treated lettuce plants asparagine content increased compared to the control (90 vs 22 µg/g, p < 0.1). The median content of fructose was also higher in treated lettuce and chicory plants (1469 vs 73 µg/g and 2278 vs 1051 µg/g). Therefore, the use of culture fluid obtained after the cultivation of P. endophytica UСM B-5715 stimulated the growth of lettuce and chicory plants, affecting the synthesis of some compounds in single-treated plants. These results indicate the potential of compounds excreted during bacterial growth to create natural growth stimulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksym Kharkhota
- D. K. Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maksym Kharchuk
- D. K. Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Duplij
- Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Jan Brindza
- Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Liliia Avdieieva
- D. K. Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nadiia Matvieieva
- Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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23
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Mallor C, Bertolín JR, Paracuellos P, Juan T. Nutraceutical Potential of Leafy Vegetables Landraces at Microgreen, Baby, and Adult Stages of Development. Foods 2023; 12:3173. [PMID: 37685105 PMCID: PMC10486669 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutraceutical compounds present in leafy vegetables have gained substantial attention due to the health benefits they offer beyond their nutritional value. The biosynthesis, composition, and concentration of these compounds vary widely among leafy vegetables and carry the influence of genetic, agronomic, and environmental factors. Recently, micro-vegetables are gaining importance among consumers worldwide and are used in gastronomy at different development stages. Another tendency is the utilization of local genetic resources as an integral component of agricultural biodiversity crucial for sustainable production. The present study identifies the nutraceutical potential of 10 leafy vegetables at the microgreen, baby, and adult development stages using local genetic resources from the Spanish Vegetable Genebank (CITA, Aragón). Specifically, two landraces for each of the following crops were used: chard (Beta vulgaris), spinach (Spinacia oleracea), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), borage (Borago officinalis), and chicory (Cichorium intybus). The results reinforce the value of traditional local genetics and demonstrate the potential of these leafy vegetables as a source of functional compounds (fatty acids, vitamin C, carotenoids, polyphenols, antioxidant activity, and tocopherols). The observed variability depending on the crop and the developmental stage recommends the necessity of having a varied diet, since each leafy vegetable product offers a unique nutritional profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mallor
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana, 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.R.B.); (T.J.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan Ramón Bertolín
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana, 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.R.B.); (T.J.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pablo Paracuellos
- Basque Culinary Center (BCC), Paseo Juan Avelino Barriola, 101, 20009 Donostia, Spain
| | - Teresa Juan
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana, 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.R.B.); (T.J.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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24
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Draga S, Gabelli G, Palumbo F, Barcaccia G. Genome-Wide Datasets of Chicories ( Cichorium intybus L.) for Marker-Assisted Crop Breeding Applications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11663. [PMID: 37511422 PMCID: PMC10380310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cichorium intybus L. is the most economically important species of its genus and among the most important of the Asteraceae family. In chicory, many linkage maps have been produced, several sets of mapped and unmapped markers have been developed, and dozens of genes linked to traits of agronomic interest have been investigated. This treasure trove of information, properly cataloged and organized, is of pivotal importance for the development of superior commercial products with valuable agronomic potential in terms of yield and quality, including reduced bitter taste and increased inulin production, as well as resistance or tolerance to pathogens and resilience to environmental stresses. For this reason, a systematic review was conducted based on the scientific literature published in chicory during 1980-2023. Based on the results obtained from the meta-analysis, we created two consensus maps capable of supporting marker-assisted breeding (MAB) and marker-assisted selection (MAS) programs. By taking advantage of the recently released genome of C. intybus, we built a 639 molecular marker-based consensus map collecting all the available mapped and unmapped SNP and SSR loci available for this species. In the following section, after summarizing and discussing all the genes investigated in chicory and related to traits of interest such as reproductive barriers, sesquiterpene lactone biosynthesis, inulin metabolism and stress response, we produced a second map encompassing 64 loci that could be useful for MAS purposes. With the advent of omics technologies, molecular data chaos (namely, the situation where the amount of molecular data is so complex and unmanageable that their use becomes challenging) is becoming far from a negligible issue. In this review, we have therefore tried to contribute by standardizing and organizing the molecular data produced thus far in chicory to facilitate the work of breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fabio Palumbo
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals Environment, Campus of Agripolis, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (S.D.); (G.G.)
| | - Gianni Barcaccia
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals Environment, Campus of Agripolis, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (S.D.); (G.G.)
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25
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Donadio G, Bellone ML, Mensitieri F, Parisi V, Santoro V, Vitiello M, Dal Piaz F, De Tommasi N. Characterization of Health Beneficial Components in Discarded Leaves of Three Escarole ( Cichorium endivia L.) Cultivar and Study of Their Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1402. [PMID: 37507941 PMCID: PMC10376668 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants of genus Cichorium (Asteraceae) can be used as vegetables with higher nutritional value and as medicinal plants. This genus has beneficial properties owing to the presence of a number of specialized metabolites such as alkaloids, sesquiterpene lactones, coumarins, unsaturated fatty acids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. Cichorium endivia L., known as escarole, has achieved a common food status due to its nutritionary value, bitter taste, and the presence of healthy components, and is eaten cooked or raw in salads. Presently, wastes derived from the horticultural crops supply chain are generated in very large amounts. Vegetable waste comprises the discarded leaves of food sources produced during collection, handling, transportation, and processing. The external leaves of Cichorium endivia L. are a horticultural crop that is discarded. In this work, the phytochemical profile, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of hydroalcoholic extract obtained from discarded leaves of three cultivars of escarole (C. endivia var. crispum 'Capriccio', C. endivia var. latifolium 'Performance' and 'Leonida') typical horticultural crop of the Campania region were investigated. In order to describe a metabolite profile of C. endivia cultivars, the extracts were analysed by HR/ESI/Qexactive/MS/MS and NMR. The careful analysis of the accurate masses, the ESI/MS spectra, and the 1H NMR chemical shifts allowed for the identification of small molecules belonging to phenolic, flavonoid, sesquiterpene, amino acids, and unsaturated fatty acid classes. In addition, the antioxidant potential of the extracts was evaluated using cell-free and cell-based assays, as well as their cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activity. All the extracts showed similar radical-scavenging ability while significant differences between the three investigated cultivars emerged in the cell-based assays. The obtained data were ascribed to the content of polyphenols and sesquiterpenes in the extracts. Accordingly, C. endivia by-products can be deemed an interesting material for healthy product formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Donadio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- Bioactiplant SRL, Via Dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, PZ, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bellone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Francesca Mensitieri
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Salvador Allende 43, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Valentina Parisi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Valentina Santoro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, PA, Italy
| | - Maria Vitiello
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 12, 56126 Pisa, PI, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Dal Piaz
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Salvador Allende 43, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
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26
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Cheng-yuan W, Jian-gang D. Research progress on the prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia by medicinal and edible plants and its bioactive components. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1186161. [PMID: 37377486 PMCID: PMC10291132 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1186161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is another common metabolic disease, which is considered to be closely related to the development of many chronic diseases, in addition to the "three highs." Currently, although drugs show positive therapeutic effects, they have been shown to produce side effects that can damage the body. There is growing evidence that medicinal and edible plants and their bioactive components have a significant effect on hyperuricemia. In this paper, we review common medicinal and edible plants with uric acid-lowering effects and summarize the uric acid-lowering mechanisms of different bioactive components. Specifically, the bioactive components are divided into five categories: flavonoids, phenolic acids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, and saponins. These active substances exhibit positive uric acid-lowering effects by inhibiting uric acid production, promoting uric acid excretion, and improving inflammation. Overall, this review examines the potential role of medicinal and edible plants and their bioactive components as a means of combating hyperuricemia, with the hope of providing some reference value for the treatment of hyperuricemia.
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27
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Shabani H, Dezhpour A, Jafari S, Moghaddam MJM, Nilkar M. Antimicrobial activity of cold atmospheric-pressure argon plasma combined with chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) extract against P. aeruginosa and E. coli biofilms. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9441. [PMID: 37296178 PMCID: PMC10256777 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35906-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study reports a significant combined antibacterial activity of Cichorium intybus L. (known as Chicory) natural extract with cold atmospheric-pressure argon plasma treatment against multi-drug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria. To detect reactive species that are generated in the argon plasma, optical emission spectra were recorded. The molecular bands were allocated to the hydroxyl radicals (OH) and neutral nitrogen molecules (N2). Moreover, the atomic lines form the emitted spectra were determined to argon atoms (Ar) and the oxygen atoms (O), respectively. The results revealed that Chicory extract treatment at a concentration of 0.043 g/ml reduced the metabolic activity of P. aeruginosa cells by 42%, while, a reduced metabolic activity of 50.6% was found for E. coli biofilms. Moreover, the combination of Chicory extract with 3 min Ar-plasma introduced a synergistic effect, so that it exhibited a significantly reduced metabolic activity of P. aeruginosa to 84.1%, and E. coli ones to 86.7%, respectively. The relationship between cell viability and membrane integrity of P. aeruginosa and E. coli biofilms treated with Chicory extract and argon plasma jet were also analyzed by CLSM. It was found that after the combined treatment, a noticeable membrane disruption was formed. Besides, it was concluded that E. coli biofilms showed a higher sensitivity to Ar-plasma than P. aeruginosa biofilm at longer plasma exposure times. This study suggests that the anti-biofilm therapy based on a combined effect of Chicory extract and cold argon plasma treatment can serve as a considerable green method for treatment of antimicrobial MDR bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shabani
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, 41335-1914, Iran
| | - A Dezhpour
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, 41335-1914, Iran
| | - S Jafari
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, 41335-1914, Iran.
| | | | - M Nilkar
- Research Unit Plasma Technology (RUPT), Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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28
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Wu S, Yang Y, Qin Y, Deng X, Zhang Q, Zou D, Zeng Q. Cichorium intybus L. is a potential Cd-accumulator for phytoremediation of agricultural soil with strong tolerance and detoxification to Cd. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 451:131182. [PMID: 36921417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Identifying suitable plants for phytoremediation of Cd (cadmium) contaminated agricultural soil is critical. In this study, whether chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) qualified as an ideal accumulator for phytoremediation was investigated. The hydroponic and pot experiments showed that Cd concentration in chicory leaves exceeded 100 mg kg-1 (BCF >1, TF >1) with 40 mg kg-1 Cd in pot; No significant effects on chicory growth, leaf protein and physiological and biochemical aspects when treated with ≤ 20 μM or 40 mg kg-1 Cd, because chicory could relieve Cd toxicity by increasing activities of photoprotection mechanisms, the reactive oxygen species scavenging system and concentrations of functional groups in plant tissues. In field experiment, 16.2 and 26.6 t ha-1 of chicory leaves was harvested in winter and summer, respectively. The highest Cd concentration in leaves was close to 25.0 mg kg-1 (BCF >1, TF >1) from the acid soil with 0.980 mg kg-1 Cd. Over 320 g ha-1 Cd was extracted from soil by harvesting chicory leaves both in winter and summer, with 9.24% and 12.9% of theoretical phytoremediation efficiency. Therefore, chicory can be as an ideal Cd-accumulator for phytoremediation of slight-to-moderate Cd-contaminated agricultural soil in any season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjun Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Yongbo Qin
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiao Deng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qiuguo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Dongsheng Zou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qingru Zeng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Changsha 410128, China
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29
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Maleki E, Sadeghpour A, Taherifard E, Izadi B, Pasalar M, Akbari M. The effects of chicory supplementation on liver enzymes and lipid profiles in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical evidence. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 55:447-454. [PMID: 37202083 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The beneficial effects of Cichorium intybus L., chicory, in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are controversial. This review aimed to systematically summarize the evidence on the effects of chicory on liver function and lipid profile in patients with NAFLD. METHODS Online databases of Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and grey literature were searched for relevant randomized clinical trials. Weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used as effect sizes and a random-effects model was used to pool the data. Besides, sensitivity analyses and publication bias analysis were performed. RESULTS In total, five articles containing 197 patients with NAFLD were included. The study showed that chicory significantly decreased the levels of both aspartate transaminase (WMD: -7.07 U/L, 95%CI: -13.82 to -0.32) and alanine transaminase (WMD: -17.53 U/L, 95%CI: -32.64 to -2.42). However, no significant effects on alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels and the components of the lipid profile were observed with the use of chicory. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis showed that chicory supplementation may exert potential hepatoprotective effects in patients with NAFLD. However, for widespread recommendations, more studies with a higher number of patients and longer periods of intervention are mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Maleki
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Sadeghpour
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Erfan Taherifard
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Shiraz School for Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahareh Izadi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Pasalar
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Akbari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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30
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Berganayeva G, Kudaibergenova B, Litvinenko Y, Nazarova I, Sydykbayeva S, Vassilina G, Izdik N, Dyusebaeva M. Medicinal Plants of the Flora of Kazakhstan Used in the Treatment of Skin Diseases. Molecules 2023; 28:4192. [PMID: 37241933 PMCID: PMC10221907 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin shows the physiological condition of the body's organs and systems that prevent infections and physical damage. Throughout the ages, in folk medicine, phytotherapy was considered a primary form of treatment in all countries, including Kazakhstan, due to the abundance and availability of plant-based remedies. This paper discusses several medicinal plants that are traditionally used in the treatment of skin diseases in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The chemical composition of these plants was analyzed, with a particular focus on the biologically active basic compounds responsible for their therapeutic efficiency in treating skin ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulzat Berganayeva
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050042, Kazakhstan; (G.B.); (B.K.); (Y.L.); (I.N.); (G.V.); (N.I.)
| | - Bates Kudaibergenova
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050042, Kazakhstan; (G.B.); (B.K.); (Y.L.); (I.N.); (G.V.); (N.I.)
| | - Yuliya Litvinenko
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050042, Kazakhstan; (G.B.); (B.K.); (Y.L.); (I.N.); (G.V.); (N.I.)
| | - Irada Nazarova
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050042, Kazakhstan; (G.B.); (B.K.); (Y.L.); (I.N.); (G.V.); (N.I.)
| | - Sandugash Sydykbayeva
- Higher School of Natural Sciences, Zhetysu University named after Ilyas Zhansugurov, 187A, Taldykorgan 040000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Gulzira Vassilina
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050042, Kazakhstan; (G.B.); (B.K.); (Y.L.); (I.N.); (G.V.); (N.I.)
| | - Nazerke Izdik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050042, Kazakhstan; (G.B.); (B.K.); (Y.L.); (I.N.); (G.V.); (N.I.)
| | - Moldyr Dyusebaeva
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050042, Kazakhstan; (G.B.); (B.K.); (Y.L.); (I.N.); (G.V.); (N.I.)
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31
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Shen F, He H, Huang X, Deng Y, Yang X. Insights into the convergent evolution of fructan biosynthesis in angiosperms from the highly characteristic chicory genome. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:1245-1262. [PMID: 36751914 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fructans in angiosperms play essential roles in physiological functions and environmental adaptations. As a major source of industrial fructans (especially inulin-type), chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is a model species for studying fructan biosynthesis. However, the genes underlying this process and their evolutionary history in angiosperms remain elusive. We combined multiple sequencing technologies to assemble and annotate the chicory genome and scan its (epi)genomic features, such as genomic components, DNA methylation, and three-dimensional (3D) structure. We also performed a comparative genomics analysis to uncover the associations between key traits and gene families. We achieved a nearly complete chicory genome assembly and found that continuous bursts of a few highly active retrotransposon families largely shaped the (epi)genomic characteristics. The highly methylated genome with its unique 3D structure potentially influences critical biological processes. Our comprehensive comparative genomics analysis deciphered the genetic basis for the rich sesquiterpene content in chicory and indicated that the fructan-accumulating trait resulted from convergent evolution in angiosperms due to shifts in critical sites of fructan-active enzymes. The highly characterized chicory genome provides insight into Asteraceae evolution and fructan biosynthesis in angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Shen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Hao He
- Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yang Deng
- Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Xiaozeng Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
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de Lemos ABS, Chaves G, Ribeiro PPC, da Silva Chaves Damasceno KSF. Prosopis juliflora: nutritional value, bioactive activity, and potential application in human nutrition. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023. [PMID: 37042248 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Prosopis juliflora is a xerophytic, nitrogen-fixing plant distributed in arid and semi-arid regions. The fruits of this plant are pods, which have seeds inside, and both pods and seeds have high nutritional value and bioactive potential. Different derivatives can be obtained from the pods and seeds: flour, starch, syrup, protein concentrate, and gums. This review aims to gather information from the literature on P. juliflora. It focuses on the nutritional value, bioactive activity, and technological application of pods, seeds, and their derivatives, highlighting their use in human nutrition and new research perspectives. The pod of P. juliflora can be used in several ways, as it has high levels of nutrients. It is used as a food supplement; it has antimicrobial effects and phytochemicals associated with other bioactive activity. Among the pod derivatives, flour is the most studied and can be widely used in bakery products. The seed of P. juliflora also has high nutritional potential and bioactive activity. Among its other derivatives, the gum stands out and can be used for various purposes in the food industry. To expand the use of pods, seeds, and their derivatives in human nutrition, further studies are needed on chemical composition, bioactive activity, toxicity, and nutritional, bioactive, technological, and sensory effects of their application in food products. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Birsa ML, Sarbu LG. Health Benefits of Key Constituents in Cichorium intybus L. Nutrients 2023; 15:1322. [PMID: 36986053 PMCID: PMC10058675 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Cichorium (Asteraceae) that originates from the Mediterranean area consists of six species (Cichorium intybus, Cichorium frisee, Cichorium endivia, Cichorium grouse, Cichorium chico and Cichorium pumilum). Cichorium intybus L., commonly known as chicory, has a rich history of being known as a medicinal plant and coffee substitute. A variety of key constituents in chicory play important roles as antioxidant agents. The herb is also used as a forage plant for animals. This review highlights the bioactive composition of C. intybus L. and summarizes the antioxidant activity associated with the presence of inulin, caffeic acid derivatives, ferrulic acid, caftaric acid, chicoric acid, chlorogenic and isochlorogenic acids, dicaffeoyl tartaric acid, sugars, proteins, hydroxycoumarins, flavonoids and sesquiterpene lactones. It also covers the plant's occurrence, agriculture improvement, natural biosynthesis, geographical distribution and waste valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura G. Sarbu
- Department of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I Blvd., 700506 Iasi, Romania
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Qin YQ, Wang LY, Yang XY, Xu YJ, Fan G, Fan YG, Ren JN, An Q, Li X. Inulin: properties and health benefits. Food Funct 2023; 14:2948-2968. [PMID: 36876591 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01096h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Inulin, a soluble dietary fiber, is widely found in more than 36 000 plant species as a reserve polysaccharide. The primary sources of inulin, include Jerusalem artichoke, chicory, onion, garlic, barley, and dahlia, among which Jerusalem artichoke tubers and chicory roots are often used as raw materials for inulin production in the food industry. It is universally acknowledged that inulin as a prebiotic has an outstanding effect on the regulation of intestinal microbiota via stimulating the growth of beneficial bacteria. In addition, inulin also exhibits excellent health benefits in regulating lipid metabolism, weight loss, lowering blood sugar, inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors, reducing the risk of colon cancer, enhancing mineral absorption, improving constipation, and relieving depression. In this review paper, we attempt to present an exhaustive overview of the function and health benefits of inulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Qin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Liu-Yan Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Xin-Yu Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yi-Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Gang Fan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yan-Ge Fan
- Institute of Chemistry Co. Ltd, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jing-Nan Ren
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Qi An
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Chemometric Discrimination of Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. et Huet and Cichorium intybus L. via Their Metabolic Profiling, Antioxidative, and Hypoglycemic Activities. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040901. [PMID: 36832980 PMCID: PMC9957518 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. et Huet (CG) and Cichorium intybus L. (CI) are widely used as the main raw material of functional food with hepatoprotective and hypoglycemic effects. Due to the lack of comparison on the chemical ingredients and efficacy, they were often used imprecisely and interchangeably. It is necessary to distinguish between them. With the plant metabolomics based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF-MS) and multivariate chemometric techniques, the chemical ingredients were characterized and 59 compounds between CG and CI were classified. As for antioxidative and hypoglycemic activities in vitro, CI extraction exhibited better antioxidant activity than CG, while CG extraction showed stronger hypoglycemic activity. Furthermore, a bivariate correlation between the chemical composition and efficacy of the extract was also analyzed, and three differentially strong correlation components between CI and CG were prepared, and the antioxidative and hypoglycemic efficacies were compared in vivo and different active phenotypes were obtained. Finally, we revealed chemical and biological differences between CG and CI, providing a basis for achieving better quality control and developing more effective functional foods.
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Chiocchio I, Mandrone M, Tacchini M, Guerrini A, Poli F. Phytochemical Profile and In Vitro Bioactivities of Plant-Based By-Products in View of a Potential Reuse and Valorization. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:795. [PMID: 36840143 PMCID: PMC9961642 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Wastes and by-products of plant origin are of particular interest to develop a circular economy approach, which attempts to turn them into resources. In this work, thirty-seven neglected plant matrices, including agricultural residues, pest plants, and by-products from the herbal and food industry were extracted and tested for their in vitro anti-tyrosinase, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity against the phytopathogens Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae ATCC 19310 and Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskense ATCC 27822. Antioxidant activity ranged from 0.3 to 5 mg of Tr. eq/mL of plant extract, and extract of Castanea sativa pericarp (Csp), Rosa damascena buds (post-distillation) (Rod), and Prunus amygdalus exocarp and mesocarp (Pam) were the most powerful ones. Csp was also capable of inhibiting tyrosinase (IC50 = 16.5 µg/mL), as well as three distillation by-products, namely: Cupressus sempervirens (Css) (IC50 = 95.5 µg/mL), Salvia officinalis (Sco) (IC50 = 87.6 µg/mL), and Helichrysum italicum (Hei) (IC50 = 90.1 µg/mL). Five residues from distillation showed antibacterial activity against C. michiganensis (MICs ranging from 0.125 to 1 mg/mL), namely: Salvia sclarea L. (Sas), Salvia rosmarinus Schleid (Sar), Sco, Hei, and Css. The 1H NMR fingerprinting of the bioactive matrices was acquired, detecting primary and secondary metabolites (rosmarinic acid, shikimic acid, sclareol, and hydroxycinnamic acids).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Chiocchio
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Mandrone
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Tacchini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Guerrini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Li Q, Du Y, Xiang P, Chen G, Qian X, Li S, Mao Y, Ling W, Wang D. Re-Visiting Antioxidant Therapy in Murine Advanced Atherosclerosis with Brussels Chicory, a Typical Vegetable in Mediterranean Diets. Nutrients 2023; 15:832. [PMID: 36839190 PMCID: PMC9966914 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Brussels chicory, a typical vegetable in Mediterranean diets, has been recently reported to stabilize advanced atherosclerotic plaques in the brachiocephalic artery of apoE-deficient (Apoe-/-) mice. Herein, we investigated whether Brussels chicory can stabilize advanced plaques in the aorta via improving oxidative stress. Thirty week old Apoe-/- mice were fed the AIN-93G diet or supplemented with 0.5% freeze-dried Brussels chicory for twenty weeks. Aortic plaque size and stability, aortic relaxation, monocyte adhesion to aortic endothelium, free radicals, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic factors involved in free radical production and elimination in aorta and serum were measured. Brussels chicory consumption did not alter aortic plaque size, however, it stabilized aortic plaques, promoted aortic relaxation, and also inhibited monocyte adhesion to aortic endothelium. Moreover, this administration reduced oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) content in aortic plaques, associated with inhibited aortic NADPH oxidase (NOX) and uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-mediated free radical production. However, Brussels chicory consumption did not appreciably alter aortic and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, aortic glutathione (GSH), as well as serum non-enzymatic antioxidants, such as bilirubin, uric acid, and GSH. Collectively, improved oxidative stress might contribute to the atheroprotective effect of Brussels chicory, supporting the prospect of the antioxidant therapy in advanced atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yushi Du
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Panyin Xiang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guanyu Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaoxian Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yihui Mao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Ombra MN, Nazzaro F, Fratianni F. Enriched pasta incorporating typical vegetables of mediterranean diet: in vitro evaluation of inhibitory potential on digestive enzymes and predicted glycaemic index. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2023; 74:72-81. [PMID: 36534971 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2158180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L.) and chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) contain biologically active compounds with proven health benefits. Durum wheat noodle-shaped pasta enriched with dried and powder leaves of chard or chicory, at two different levels of supplementation (3%, 6%) was prepared on a laboratory scale. The content of polyphenols, pigments, carotenoids, in vitro inhibition of digestive enzymes and the predicted glycaemic response of the fortified pasta were evaluated. All formulations showed in vitro enzyme inhibition of amylase, glucosidase, and lipase and a low pGI <43. The lowest predicted glycaemic index (pGI = 34 ± 1.1) was found for pasta enriched with 3% beet powder. The incorporation of Beta vulgaris and Cichorium intybus leaf powders improved the nutritional properties of the pasta and also imparted an attractive natural colour to the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Neve Ombra
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council (CNR-ISA), Avellino, Italy
| | - Filomena Nazzaro
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council (CNR-ISA), Avellino, Italy
| | - Florinda Fratianni
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council (CNR-ISA), Avellino, Italy
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Bioactive Properties of Instant Chicory Melanoidins and Their Relevance as Health Promoting Food Ingredients. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010134. [PMID: 36613350 PMCID: PMC9818759 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Instant chicory is a caffeine-free brew worldwide consumed as a coffee substitute. Like coffee grounds processing, chicory roots suffer a roasting process, which may lead to the formation of high-molecular weight nitrogen-brown compounds, the melanoidins. It is hypothesized that similarly to coffee, chicory melanoidins have health promoting potential. In this work, the chemical composition and biological activity of chicory high molecular weight material (HMWM) was evaluated. The chicory HMWM is composed by 28.9% (w/w) of carbohydrates, mainly fructose-rich polysaccharides (18.7% w/w) and 5.7% (w/w) of protein, distinct from coffee. The phenolic compounds constituent of the HMWM were mainly present in glycosidically linked and condensed structures (0.9 g/100 g and 5.8 g/100 g), showing in vitro ABTS•+ scavenging (IC50 = 0.28 mg/mL) and ferric ion reducing capacity (ca. 11 µg Fe2+ eq/mg). Chicory HMWM revealed to be effective against Gram-positive bacteria, mainly Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, although not so efficient as coffee. It also showed potential to inhibit α-glucosidase activity (15% of inhibition), higher than coffee HMWM, approaching acarbose activity that is used in type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment. Thus, chicory melanoidins, when used as a food ingredient, may contribute to an antioxidant diet and to prevent diabetes, while increasing the protective effects against pathogenic bacteria.
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Li N, Amatjan M, He P, Zhang B, Mai X, Jiang Q, Xie H, Shao X. Integration of network pharmacology and intestinal flora to investigate the mechanism of action of Chinese herbal Cichorium intybus formula in attenuating adenine and ethambutol hydrochloride-induced hyperuricemic nephropathy in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:2338-2354. [PMID: 36444935 PMCID: PMC9897651 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2147551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cichorium intybus L. (Asteraceae) formula (CF) has been applied as a folk medicine to treat hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN). However, the exact mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of CF on HN. MATERIALS AND METHODS Through network pharmacological methods, the targets of the active component of CF against HN were obtained. Subsequently, Male Wistar rats were divided into control, HN, allopurinol (50 mg/kg), CF high-dose (8.64 g/kg) and CF low-dose (2.16 g/kg) groups. The HN model was induced via intragastric administration of adenine (100 mg/kg) and ethambutol hydrochloride (250 mg/kg) for 3 weeks. After CF treatment, biochemical indicators including UA, UREA and CREA were measured. Then, HE staining, qRT-PCR and gut microbiota analysis were conducted to further explore the mechanism. RESULTS The network pharmacology identified 83 key targets, 6 core genes and 200 signalling pathways involved in the treatment of HN. Compared to the HN group, CF (8.64 g/kg) significantly reduced the levels of UA, UREA and CREA (from 2.4 to 1.57 μMol/L, from 15.87 to 11.05 mMol/L and from 64.83 to 54.83 μMol/L, respectively), and mitigated renal damage. Furthermore, CF inhibited the expression of IL-6, TP53, TNF and JUN. It also altered the composition of gut microbiota, and ameliorated HN by increasing the relative abundance of some probiotics. CONCLUSIONS This work elucidated the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism by which CF protects against HN from the view of the biodiversity of the intestinal flora, thus providing a scientific basis for the usage of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mukaram Amatjan
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengke He
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Boheng Zhang
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianyan Mai
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianle Jiang
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haochen Xie
- Qinghai Tibet Plateau Research Institute, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoni Shao
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
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Peña-Espinoza M, Romero-Uzqueda Y, Valente AH, de Roode M, Simonsen HT, Thamsborg SM, Williams AR, López-Muñoz R. Anti-protozoal activity and metabolomic analyses of Cichorium intybus L. against Trypanosoma cruzi. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2022; 20:43-53. [PMID: 36037562 PMCID: PMC9440258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by the protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi, is a potentially life-threatening parasitic zoonosis infecting 6-7 million people worldwide, mainly in Latin America. Due to the limited numbers of drugs available against this neglected disease and their frequent adverse effects, novel anti-chagasic agents are urgently needed. Cichorium intybus L. (chicory) is a bioactive plant with potent activity against parasitic nematodes, but its effects on protozoans are poorly known and no studies have explored its trypanocidal potential. Here, we investigated the activity of C. intybus against extracellular and intracellular stages of T. cruzi, including the prediction of trypanocidal compounds by metabolomic analyses and bioactivity-based molecular networking. Purified C. intybus extracts were prepared from leaves and roots of five C. intybus cultivars (cv. 'Benulite', 'Goldine', 'Larigot', 'Maestoso' and 'Spadona'). All C. intybus extracts induced concentration-dependent effects against T. cruzi trypomastigotes. C. intybus leaf extracts had higher trypanocidal selectivity and lower cytotoxicity on mammalian cells than root extracts. The leaf extract of C. intybus cv. Goldine also significantly reduced the number of mammalian cells infected with T. cruzi amastigotes. Metabolomic and bioactivity-based molecular networking analyses revealed 11 compounds in C. intybus leaves strongly linked with activity against trypomastigotes, including the sesquiterpene lactone lactucin, and flavonoid- and fatty acid-derivatives. Furthermore, seven distinct C. intybus molecules (including two sesquiterpene lactone-derivatives) were predicted to be involved in reducing the number of mammalian cells infected with amastigotes. This is the first report of the anti-protozoal activity of C. intybus against trypanosomatid parasites and expands our understanding of the anti-parasitic effects of this plant and its bioactive metabolites. Further studies to elucidate the anti-protozoal compound(s) in C. intybus and their mode(s) of action will improve our knowledge of using this bioactive plant as a promising source of novel broad-spectrum anti-parasitic compounds with associated health benefits and biomedical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Peña-Espinoza
- Instituto de Farmacologia y Morfofisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Yeambell Romero-Uzqueda
- Instituto de Farmacologia y Morfofisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Angela H Valente
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - Henrik T Simonsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stig M Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Andrew R Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Rodrigo López-Muñoz
- Instituto de Farmacologia y Morfofisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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Oral Cell-Targeted Delivery Systems Constructed of Edible Materials: Advantages and Challenges. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227991. [PMID: 36432092 PMCID: PMC9697699 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell-targeted delivery is an advanced strategy which can effectively solve health problems. However, the presence of synthetic materials in delivery systems may trigger side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop cell-targeted delivery systems with excellent biosafety. Edible materials not only exhibit biosafety, but also can be used to construct cell-targeted delivery systems such as ligands, carriers, and nutraceuticals. Moreover, oral administration is the appropriate route for cell-targeted delivery systems constructed of edible materials (CDSEMs), which is the same as the pattern of food intake, resulting in good patient compliance. In this review, relevant studies of oral CDSEMs are collected to summarize the construction method, action mechanism, and health impact. The gastrointestinal stability of delivery systems can be improved by anti-digestible materials. The design of the surface structure, shape, and size of carrier is beneficial to overcoming the mucosal barrier. Additionally, some edible materials show dual functions of a ligand and carrier, which is conductive to simplifying the design of CDSEMs. This review can provide a better understanding and prospect for oral CDSEMs and promote their application in the health field.
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Bioactive, Mineral and Antioxidative Properties of Gluten-Free Chicory Supplemented Snack: Impact of Processing Conditions. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223692. [PMID: 36429284 PMCID: PMC9688964 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of chicory root addition (20-40%) and extrusion conditions (moisture content from 16.3 to 22.5%, and screw speed from 500 to 900 rpm) on bioactive compounds content (inulin, sesquiterpene lactones, and polyphenols) of gluten-free rice snacks. Chicory root is considered a potential carrier of food bioactives, while extrusion may produce a wide range of functional snack products. The mineral profiles were determined in all of the obtained extrudates in terms of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu contents, while antioxidative activity was established through reducing capacity, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) tests. Chicory root addition contributed to the improvement of bioactive compounds and mineral contents, as well as antioxidative activities in all of the investigated extrudates in comparison to the pure-rice control sample. An increase in moisture content raised sesquiterpene lactones and minerals, while high screw speeds positively affected polyphenols content. The achieved results showed the important impact of the extrusion conditions on the investigated parameters and promoted chicory root as an attractive food ingredient in gluten-free snack products with high bioactive value.
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Meng XH, Lv H, Ding XQ, Jian TY, Guo DL, Feng XJ, Ren BR, Chen J. Sesquiterpene lactones with anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities from the roots of Cichorium intybus. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113377. [PMID: 35988742 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cichorium intybus L. (Asteraceae), belonging to the tribe Cichorieae of the family Asteraceae, has a long history as an edible and medicinal food. Sesquiterpene lactones are commonly considered as its major active constituents. In the current study, five unreported sesquiterpene lactones, including one 12,8-guaianolide and four 12,6-guaianolides were isolated from C. intybus roots, as well as 16 known analogues. The planar structures and relative configurations of these compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations were determined by the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT)-based electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation method. Bioassay results showed that seven of the isolates exhibited remarkable NO production inhibitory activity in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, with IC50 values ranging from 1.83 to 38.81 μM. Some of them can significantly decrease the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6). Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that intybusins B, as well as four known compounds, displayed obvious inhibitory activities against four human tumor cells, with IC50 values ranging from 9.01 to 27.07 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Hua Meng
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Han Lv
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Ding
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Tun-Yu Jian
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Da-le Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Feng
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Bing-Ru Ren
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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Li Q, Zhang X, Du Y, Liu X, Chen G, Xiang P, Wu H, Liu C, Wang D. Brussels Chicory Stabilizes Unstable Atherosclerotic Plaques and Reshapes the Gut Microbiota in Apoe-/- Mice. J Nutr 2022; 152:2209-2217. [PMID: 35524685 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern can protect against atherosclerosis in part by reducing intestinal permeability and gut microbial LPS production. Brussels chicory, a typical Mediterranean vegetable, has been shown to inhibit the formation of early-stage atherosclerosis in mice. OBJECTIVES We evaluated whether Brussels chicory affects advanced atherosclerosis progression, intestinal permeability, and gut microbial LPS production. METHODS Thirty-week-old male apoE-deficient mice with unstable atherosclerotic plaques in the brachiocephalic artery were fed the AIN-93G diet alone (control) or supplemented with 0.5% freeze-dried Brussels chicory for 20 wk. Plaque volume and features of plaque stability, plaque macrophage polarization, fecal and serum LPS concentrations, serum lipid profiles and inflammation-related cytokines, and gut microbial profiles were measured. RESULTS Compared with the control treatment, Brussels chicory consumption did not significantly change plaque volume and serum lipid profiles. However, it increased plaque stability (P < 0.05), as evidenced by reduced necrotic core size (42.3%), and increased fibrous cap thickness (55.0%) and collagen content (68.4%). Moreover, Brussels chicory consumption reduced intestinal permeability (56.3%), fecal and serum LPS concentrations (52.2% and 39.4%), serum IL1β and TNFα (52.0% and 33.8%), promoted plaque macrophage polarization towards the M2-like phenotype, and altered gut microbial composition, the latter indicated by increased relative abundance of certain members of the Ruminococcaceae family, such as Ruminiclostridium_9, Ruminiclostridium_5, and Intestinimonas (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analyses further showed that these bacterial genera were significantly correlated with intestinal permeability, fecal and serum LPS, serum proinflammatory cytokines, and several features of plaque stability. CONCLUSIONS Brussels chicory might help stabilize atherosclerotic plaques in mice by reducing intestinal permeability and gut microbial LPS production. This study provides a promising approach to slow the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushi Du
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuping Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanyu Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Panying Xiang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoqun Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Zahoor I, Anjum N, Ganaie TA, Allai FM, Al-Ghamdi AA, Abbasi AM, Wani SA. Effect of hybrid drying technique on non-traditional Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) herb: Phytochemical, antioxidant characteristics, and optimization of process conditions. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1002396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This research investigated the influence of microwave-assisted fluidized bed drying (MAFBD) on the antioxidant and phytochemical characteristics of Chicory. Microwave power, temperature, and air velocity were used as process variables varied between 180–540 W, 50–70 °C, and 15–20 m/s, respectively. The responses determined for deciding the optimal criteria were total phenolics content, ascorbic acid, DPPH radical scavenging activity, total chlorophyll, carotene content, total flavonoid content, tannin content, and saponin content of the dried chicory. Statistical analyses were done by using the response surface methodology, which showed that independent variables affected the responses to a varied extent. The design expert predicted 462.30 W microwave power, 70°C temperature, and 15 m/s air velocity as optimum conditions to obtain highest desirability for the dried chicory. Separate validation experiments were conducted, under optimum conditions, to verify the predictions and adequacy of the second-order polynomial models. Under these optimal conditions, the predicted amount of ascorbic acid content was 38.32 mg/100g DW, total phenolic content 216.42 mg/100g DW, total flavonoid content mg/100g DW, DPPH scavenging activity 36.10 μg/ml, total chlorophyll content 311.79 mg/100g, carotene content 7.30 mg/100g, tannin content 2.72 mg/100g, and saponin content 0.46 mg/100g. The investigated parameters had a significant effect on the quality of the dried chicory. Taking the aforesaid results into consideration, our study recommended MAFBD as a promising technique with minimum changes in antioxidant and phytochemical content of chicory.
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Jaśkiewicz A, Budryn G, Carmena-Bargueño M, Pérez-Sánchez H. Evaluation of Activity of Sesquiterpene Lactones and Chicory Extracts as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Assayed in Calorimetric and Docking Simulation Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:3633. [PMID: 36079888 PMCID: PMC9459812 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to explain the effects of sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) from chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) root extracts as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) at the molecular level and to determine the inhibition of AChE activity by specific SLs (lactucin and lactucopicrin) and different chicory extracts. The obtained SLs-rich extracts were purified by the countercurrent partition chromatography (CPC) technique. AChE inhibitors were analyzed using two models: isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and docking simulation. The results of ITC analysis of the enzyme and the ligands' complexation showed strong interactions of SLs as well as extracts from chicory with AChE. In a test of enzyme activity inhibition after introducing acetylcholine into the model system with SL, a stronger ability to inhibit the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter was observed for lactucopicrin, which is one of the dominant SLs in chicory. The inhibition of enzyme activity was more efficient in the case of extracts, containing different enzyme ligands, exhibiting complementary patterns of binding the AChE active site. The study showed the high potential of using chicory to decrease the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Jaśkiewicz
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lodz University of Technology, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Grażyna Budryn
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lodz University of Technology, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Miguel Carmena-Bargueño
- Structural Bioinformatics and High-Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Science Department, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Horacio Pérez-Sánchez
- Structural Bioinformatics and High-Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Science Department, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
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Development and characterization of potato starch/lactucin/nano-TiO2 food packaging for sustained prevention of mealworms. Food Packag Shelf Life 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2022.100837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Ávila-Gálvez MÁ, Rafael-Pita C, Fernández N, Baixinho J, Anastácio JD, Cankar K, Bosch D, Nunes Dos Santos C. Targeting proteases involved in the viral replication of SARS-CoV-2 by sesquiterpene lactones from chicory ( Cichorium intybus L.). Food Funct 2022; 13:8977-8988. [PMID: 35938740 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00933a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a highly transmissible and pathogenic coronavirus causing a respiratory disease that emerged in 2019, leading to a public health emergency situation which continues to date. The treatment options are still very limited and vaccines available are less effective against new variants. SARS-CoV-2 enzymes, namely main protease (Mpro) and papain-like protease (PLpro), play a pivotal role in the viral life cycle, making them a putative drug target. Here, we described for the first time the potential inhibitory activity of chicory extract against both proteases. Besides, we have identified that the four most abundant sesquiterpene lactones in chicory inhibited these proteases, showing an effective binding in the active sites of Mpro and PLpro. This paper provides new insight for further drug development or food-based strategies for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 by targeting viral proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Ávila-Gálvez
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Av. República, Qta. Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Rafael-Pita
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Av. República, Qta. Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Naiara Fernández
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Av. República, Qta. Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - João Baixinho
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Av. República, Qta. Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - José D Anastácio
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Av. República, Qta. Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Katarina Cankar
- Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen Plant Research, BU Bioscience, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Bosch
- Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen Plant Research, BU Bioscience, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cláudia Nunes Dos Santos
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Av. República, Qta. Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Shao M, Lu Y, Xiang H, Wang J, Ji G, Wu T. Application of metabolomics in the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the treatment of traditional Chinese medicine. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:971561. [PMID: 36091827 PMCID: PMC9453477 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.971561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease around the world, and it often coexists with insulin resistance-related diseases including obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension, which seriously threatens human health. Better prevention and treatment strategies are required to improve the impact of NAFLD. Although needle biopsy is an effective tool for diagnosing NAFLD, this method is invasive and difficult to perform. Therefore, it is very important to develop more efficient approaches for the early diagnosis of NAFLD. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can play a certain role in improving symptoms and protecting target organs, and its mechanism of action needs to be further studied. Metabolomics, the study of all metabolites that is thought to be most closely associated with the patients’ characters, can provide useful clinically biomarkers that can be applied to NAFLD and may open up new methods for diagnosis. Metabolomics technology is consistent with the overall concept of TCM, and it can also be used as a potential mechanism to explain the effects of TCM by measuring biomarkers by metabolomics. Based on PubMed/MEDLINE and other databases, this paper retrieved relevant literature NAFLD and TCM intervention in NAFLD using metabolomics technology in the past 5 years were searched, and the specific metabolites associated with the development of NAFLD and the potential mechanism of Chinese medicine on improving symptoms were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingmei Shao
- Baoshan District Hospital of Intergrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Lu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjiao Xiang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Baoshan District Hospital of Intergrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guang Ji, , ; Tao Wu, ,
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