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Zhang R, Wei Y, Zou B, Zheng X, Ren C, Na X, Xu X, Du M, Zhu B, Wu C. Soy protein particles as stabilizers of heat-stable O/W emulsions with 20% protein content. Food Chem 2024; 457:140157. [PMID: 38924918 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
In response to the increasing demand for nutritionally rich foods, consumer preference for protein-enriched beverages has grown. However, heat-induced protein aggregation and gelation significantly hinders the production of high-protein drinks. In this study, oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions with exceptional thermal stability were formulated using modified soy protein particles (MSPs). These MSPs effectively resisted gel formation, even at a protein concentration of up to 20% (w/v). In contrast, emulsions prepared with untreated soy proteins (SPs) experienced pronounced gelation under identical conditions. The compact structure of MSPs, in comparison to SPs, imparted resistance to heat-induced denaturation and aggregation. Additionally, the emulsion displayed heightened heat processing insensitivity, due to the enhanced hydrophobicity of MSPs and their rapid adsorption at the oil-water interface, resulting in a denser, more elastic, and resilient interfacial film. These findings provide practical insights for the formulation of protein-rich milk alternatives, meeting the evolving market demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, China
| | - Yixue Wei
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, China
| | - Bowen Zou
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, China
| | - Xiaohan Zheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, China
| | - Chao Ren
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, China
| | - Xiaokang Na
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, China
| | - Xianbing Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, China
| | - Ming Du
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, China
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, China
| | - Chao Wu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, China.
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2
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Cao J, Zhang J, Cao R, Zhang B, Miao M, Liu X, Sun L. Enzymolysis Modes Trigger Diversity in Inhibitor-α-Amylase Aggregating Behaviors and Activity Inhibition: A New Insight Into Enzyme Inhibition. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2404127. [PMID: 39234852 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Inhibitors of α-amylase have been developed to regulate postprandial blood glucose fluctuation. The enzyme inhibition arises from direct or indirect inhibitor-enzyme interactions, depending on inhibitor structures. However, an ignored factor, substrate, may also influence or even decide the enzyme inhibition. In this work, it is innovatively found that the difference in substrate enzymolysis modes, i.e., structural composition and concentration of α-1,4-glucosidic bonds, triggers the diversity in inhibitor-enzyme aggregating behaviors and α-amylase inhibition. For competitive inhibition, there exists an equilibrium between α-amylase-substrate catalytic affinity and inhibitor-α-amylase binding affinity; therefore, a higher enzymolysis affinity and concentration of α-1,4-glucosidic structures interferes the balance, unfavoring inhibitor-enzyme aggregate formation and thus weakening α-amylase inhibition. For uncompetitive inhibition, the presence of macromolecular starch is necessary instead of micromolecular GalG2CNP, which not only binds with active site but with an assistant flexible loop (involving Gly304-Gly309) near the site. Hence, the refined enzyme structure due to the molecular flexibility more likely favors the inhibitor binding with the non-active loop, forming an inhibitor-enzyme-starch ternary aggregate. Conclusively, this study provides a novel insight into the evaluation of α-amylase inhibition regarding the participating role of substrate in inhibitor-enzyme aggregating interactions, emphasizing the selection of appropriate substrates in the development and screening of α-amylase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jifan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ruibo Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ming Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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3
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Zheng O, Zhang L, Sun Q, Liu S. Basic Theory of Ice Crystallization Based on Water Molecular Structure and Ice Structure. Foods 2024; 13:2773. [PMID: 39272539 PMCID: PMC11395702 DOI: 10.3390/foods13172773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Freezing storage is the most common method of food preservation and the formation of ice crystals during freezing has an important impact on food quality. The water molecular structure, mechanism of ice crystal formation, and ice crystal structure are elaborated in the present review. Meanwhile the methods of ice crystal characterization are outlined. It is concluded that the distribution of the water molecule cluster structure during the crystallization process directly affects the formed ice crystals' structure, but the intrinsic relationship needs to be further investigated. The morphology and distribution of ice crystals can be observed by experimental methods while simulation methods provide the possibility to study the molecular structure changes in water and ice crystals. It is hoped that this review will provide more information about ice crystallization and promote the control of ice crystals in frozen foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouyang Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Qinxiu Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Shucheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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4
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Alus L, Houben L, Shaked N, Niazov-Elkan A, Pinkas I, Oron D, Addadi L. Bio-Inspired Crystalline Core-Shell Guanine Spherulites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308832. [PMID: 38722270 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Spherical particles with diameters within the wavelength of visible light, known as spherulites, manipulate light uniquely due to their spatial organization and their structural birefringence. Most of the known crystalline spherulites are branched, and composed of metals, alloys, and semi-crystalline polymers. Recently, a different spherulite architecture is discovered in the vision systems of decapod crustaceans - core-shell spherulites composed of highly birefringent (Δ n ≈ 30 % $\Delta n \approx \ 30\%$ ) organic single-crystal platelets, with exceptional optical properties. These metastructures, which efficiently scatter light even in dense aqueous environments, have no synthetic equivalence and serve as a natural proof-of-concept as well as synthetic inspiration for thin scattering media. Here, the synthesis of core-shell spherulites composed of guanine crystal platelets ((Δ n ≈ 25 % $\Delta n \approx 25\%$ ) is presented in a two-step emulsification process in which a water/oil/water emulsion and induced pH changes are used to promote interfacial crystallization. Carboxylic acids neutralize the dissolved guanine salts to form spherulites composed of single, radially stacked, β-guanine platelets, which are oriented tangentially to the spherulite surface. Using Mie theory calculations and forward scattering measurements from single spherulites, it is found that due to the single-crystal properties and orientation, the synthetic spherulites possess a high tangential refractive index, similarly to biogenic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotem Alus
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Lothar Houben
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Noy Shaked
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Angelica Niazov-Elkan
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Iddo Pinkas
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Dan Oron
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Lia Addadi
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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5
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Rodrigues T, Mota R, Gales L, Tamagnini P, Campo-Deaño L. Microrheological characterisation of Cyanoflan in human blood plasma. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 326:121575. [PMID: 38142107 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring polysaccharidic biopolymers released by marine cyanobacteria are of great interest for numerous biomedical applications, such as wound healing and drug delivery. Such polymers generally exhibit high molecular weight and an entangled structure that impact the rheology of biological fluids. However, biocompatibility tests focus not so much on rheological properties as on immune response. In the present study, the rheological behaviour of native blood plasma as a function of the concentration of a cyanobacterium biopolymer is investigated via multiple particle tracking microrheology, which measures the Brownian motion of probes embedded in a sample, and cryogenic scanning electron microscope microstructural characterisation. We use Cyanoflan as the biopolymer of choice, and profit from our knowledge of its chemical structure and its exciting potential for biotechnological applications. A sol-gel transition is identified using time-concentration superposition and the power-law behaviour of the incipient network's viscoelastic response is observed in a variety of microrheological data. Our results point to rheology-based principles for blood compatibility tests by facilitating the assignment of quantitative values to specific properties, as opposed to more heuristic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rodrigues
- CEFT - Centro de Estudos de Fenómenos de Transporte, Depto. de Engenharia Mecânica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Laboratório Associado em Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - R Mota
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - L Gales
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - P Tamagnini
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Depto. de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - L Campo-Deaño
- CEFT - Centro de Estudos de Fenómenos de Transporte, Depto. de Engenharia Mecânica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Laboratório Associado em Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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6
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Duan R, Liu Y, Li J, Yan S. Mechanism for gel formation of pectin from mealy and crisp lotus rhizome induced by Na + and D-glucono-d-lactone. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127818. [PMID: 37918602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Lotus rhizome residue, a cell wall material produced during the production of lotus rhizome starch, has long been underutilized. This study aims to extract pectin-rich polysaccharides from the cell wall of lotus rhizome and investigate their gelation mechanism in order to improve their industrial applicability. The results indicated that both CP and MP (pectin extracted from crisp and mealy lotus rhizome) exhibited a highly linear low methoxyl pectin structure, with the primary linkage mode being →4)-GalpA-(1→. The pectin chains in MP were found to be more flexible than those in CP. Then the impact of Na+, D-glucono-d-lactone (GDL), urea, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), either individually or in combination, on the rheological characteristics of gels was evaluated. The results indicated that gels induced by GDL exhibited favorable thermoreversible properties, whereas the thermoreversibility of Na+-induced gels is poor. In addition to hydrogen bonding and ionic interactions, hydrophobic interactions also play a significant role in the formation of pectin gels. This study offers theoretical guidance and methodologies to improve the utilization rate of lotus rhizome starch processing by-products, while also provides novel insights into the correlation between LMP structure and gelation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibing Duan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Aquatic Vegetable Preservation & Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yanzhao Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Aquatic Vegetable Preservation & Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Aquatic Vegetable Preservation & Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Shoulei Yan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Aquatic Vegetable Preservation & Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Yangtze River Economic Belt Engineering Research Center for Green Development of Bulk Aquatic Bioproducts Industry of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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7
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Zhao D, Yan S, Liu J, Jiang X, Li J, Wang Y, Zhao J, Bai Y. Effect of Chickpea Dietary Fiber on the Emulsion Gel Properties of Pork Myofibrillar Protein. Foods 2023; 12:2597. [PMID: 37444335 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effect of chickpea dietary fiber (CDF) concentration (0%, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6%, and 2.0%) on emulsion gel properties of myofibrillar protein (MP) was investigated. It was found that the emulsifying activity index (EAI) and emulsifying stability index (ESI) of MP increased with the increasing content of CDF. Moreover, the water- and fat-binding capacity (WFB), gel strength, storage modulus (G'), and loss modulus (G") of MP emulsion gel also increased with increasing content of CDF. When the concentration of CDF was 2%, the most significant improvement was observed for EAI, breaking force, and WFB (p < 0.05); the three-dimensional gel network structure of the MP emulsion gel was denser and the pore diameter was smaller. The T21 relaxation time of emulsion gel decreased while the PT21 increased significantly with the increasing content of CDF, suggesting that the emulsion gel with CDF had a better three-dimension network. The addition of CDF led to an increased content of β-sheet and reactive sulfhydryl and increased surface hydrophobicity of MP, thus improving the gel properties of the MP emulsion gel. In conclusion, the addition of CDF improved the functional properties and facilitated the gelation of the MP emulsion, indicating that CDF has the potential to improve the quality of emulsified meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianbo Zhao
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Processing and Safety Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Luohe 462000, China
| | - Shuliang Yan
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Processing and Safety Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jialei Liu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Processing and Safety Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Processing and Safety Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Junguang Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Processing and Safety Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Luohe 462000, China
| | - Yuntao Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Processing and Safety Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jiansheng Zhao
- Henan Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Luohe 462000, China
| | - Yanhong Bai
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Processing and Safety Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Luohe 462000, China
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8
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Feng S, Yi J, Ma Y, Bi J. Study on the ice crystals growth under pectin gels with different crosslinking strengths by modulating the degree of amidation in HG domain. Food Chem 2023; 428:136758. [PMID: 37413836 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The ice crystal morphology formed under a series of amidated pectin gels with various crosslink strengths were investigated. The results showed that as the degree of amidation (DA) increased, pectin chains exhibited shorter homogalacturonan (HG) regions. Highly amidated pectin exhibited a faster gelation rate and a stronger gel micro-network via hydrogen bonds. Based on cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM), smaller ice crystals were formed in frozen gel with low DA, suggesting that a weaker cross-linked gel micro-network was more effective at inhibiting crystallization. After sublimation, lyophilized gel scaffolds with high crosslink strength displayed less number of pores, high porosity, lower specific surface area, and greater mechanical strength. This study is expected to confirm that the microstructure and mechanical properties of freeze-dried pectin porous materials could be regulated by changing the crosslink strength of pectin chains, which is achieved by increasing the degree of amidation in the HG domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Feng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jianyong Yi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Youchuan Ma
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jinfeng Bi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China.
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9
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Yilmaz H, Ahmed S, Rodriguez JD, Willett DR. Scanning Electron-Raman Cryomicroscopy for Characterization of Nanoparticle-Albumin Drug Products. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2633-2638. [PMID: 36693238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have expanded the use of active pharmaceutical ingredients by improving efficacy, decreasing toxicity, and facilitating targeted delivery. To systematically achieve this goal, nanomaterial-containing drugs need to be manufactured with precision in attributes such as size, morphology, surface chemistry, and composition. Their physicochemical characterization is essential as their attributes govern pharmacokinetics yet can be challenging due to the nature of many nanomaterial-based formulations unless advanced sample fixation and in vitro characterization methods are utilized. Here, different cryogenic and other fixation strategies were assessed, and a novel physicochemical characterization method was developed using scanning electron Raman cryo-microscopy (SERCM). A complex nanoparticle albumin bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) formulation was chosen as a model drug. Plunge freezing (PF), high pressure freezing (HPF), freeze substitution (FS), and membrane filtration were compared for their influence on size and morphology measurements, and formulation-based variations were quantified. SERCM was introduced as a multiattribute physicochemical characterization platform, and the composition of nanoparticles was confirmed as albumin-paclitaxel complexes. By coupling image-based quantitative analysis with chemical analysis, SERCM has the potential to pave the way for the development of comprehensive tools for assessing injectable and ophthalmic nanomaterial-containing drugs in their native-like state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huzeyfe Yilmaz
- Division of Complex Drug Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, St. Louis 63110, Missouri, United States
| | - Snober Ahmed
- Division of Complex Drug Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, St. Louis 63110, Missouri, United States
| | - Jason D Rodriguez
- Division of Complex Drug Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, St. Louis 63110, Missouri, United States
| | - Daniel R Willett
- Division of Complex Drug Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, St. Louis 63110, Missouri, United States
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10
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McFetridge ML, Kulkarni K, Hilsenstein V, Del Borgo MP, Aguilar MI, Ricardo SD. A comparison of fixation methods for SEM analysis of self-assembling peptide hydrogel nanoarchitecture. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:1431-1440. [PMID: 36594515 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04598b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Determining the porosity of hydrogels is an important component of material characterisation. While scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a widely used method to study hydrogel nanoarchitecture, it is well-established that SEM sample preparation methods can alter the structure of hydrogels. Herein we describe the impact of sample preparation on the SEM analysis of self-assembling β-peptide hydrogels. Three methods of hydrogel preparation for SEM were compared, and each method preserved distinctly different nanoarchitecture, specifically, different levels of fibre alignment and porosity. Comparison of conventional SEM preparation and our hybrid method, which comprises high pressure freezing, freeze substitution without fixative and critical point drying, showed a high degree of similarity at the nanometre scale and diverging architecture at the micron scale. This study quantified the impact of chemical fixation versus high pressure freezing on self-assembling β3-peptide hydrogels, demonstrated the effect of sample preparation on fibre alignment and porosity, and presents a novel hybrid preparation method where chemical fixation can be avoided when conventional SEM is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meg L McFetridge
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Ketav Kulkarni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Volker Hilsenstein
- Monash Micro Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Alexandrov Group, Meyerhofstr. 1, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark P Del Borgo
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Marie-Isabel Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Sharon D Ricardo
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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11
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Yaashikaa PR, Senthil Kumar P, Karishma S. Review on biopolymers and composites - Evolving material as adsorbents in removal of environmental pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113114. [PMID: 35331699 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pollutants and toxic contaminants in water sources makes it unfit to run through. Though various conventional techniques are on deck, development of new technologies are vital for wastewater treatment and recycling. Polymers have been intensively utilized recently in many industries owing to their unique characteristics. Biopolymers resembles natural alternative to synthetic polymers that can be prepared by linking the monomeric units covalently. Despite the obvious advantages of biopolymers, few reviews have been conducted. This review focuses on biopolymers and composites as suitable adsorbent material for removing pollutants present in environment. The classification of biopolymers and their composites based on the sources, methods of preparation and their potential applications are discussed in detail. Biopolymers have the potentiality of substituting conventional adsorbents due to its unique characteristics. Biopolymer based membranes and effective methods of utilization of biopolymers as suitable adsorbent materials are also briefly elaborated. The mechanism of biopolymers and their membrane-based adsorption has been briefly reviewed. In addition, the methods of regeneration and reuse of used biopolymer based adsorbents are highlighted. The comprehensive content on fate of biopolymer after adsorption is given in brief. Finally, this review concludes the future investigations in recent trends in application of biopolymer in various fields in view of eco-friendly and economic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Yaashikaa
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India.
| | - S Karishma
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, 602105, India
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12
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Influence of calcium and potassium ions on the rheological properties and network formation of hybrid gels constructed with iota-carrageenan and Ala-Lys dipeptide. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Ivashchenko O. Cryo-SEM and confocal LSM studies of agar gel, nanoparticle hydrocolloid, mineral clays and saline solutions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9930. [PMID: 35705670 PMCID: PMC9200766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14230-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryogenic electron microscopy became a powerful tool to study biological objects. For non-biological objects (solutions, gels, dispersions, clays), the polemic about interpretation of cryogenic microscopy results is still in progress splitting on two contradictive trends: considering structure as a near-real state of the sample or as freezing artefacts. In this study, a microstructure of a range of stable aqueous solutions and dispersions (agar, kaolin, montmorillonite, nanoparticles) was investigated by means of cryo-SEM and confocal LSM in order to compare cryo-fixed and unfrozen structures. Noticed correlation between these two methods for studied systems (agar, kaolin, montmorillonite, NPs) allowed to state that ordered microstructure is an inherent feature of these systems. Some inconsistencies in microstructure dimensions were discussed and prescribed to the differences in the bulk and interface layers. Supposedly, NaCl solutions also possess dynamic (femtosecond level) microstructure of neat water clusters and solvated Na+ and Cl- ions that may have an impact on electrolyte abnormal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Ivashchenko
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
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14
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Khacef L, Legros P, Hervé P, Ovarlez G, Medina-Gonzalez Y. Effect of Solvent on the Mechanical and Structural Properties of N-Alkyldiamide Organogels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:14898-14910. [PMID: 34905373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Here, we study organogels prepared thanks to a new organogelator, the N-oleyldiamide molecule, which shows a remarkable propensity to gelify a large scope of solvents, from aprotic to high protic solvents. The solvent plays a key role in the formation and stability of supramolecular self-assemblies. However, the understanding and the control of its effects can be complex as many parameters are a priori involved. This study aims to understand the effect of solvent on the structures of organogels and on their final mechanical properties. Five solvent classes have been selected ranking from low protic to high protic, according to the Hansen H-bond parameter δh. The solvent proticity appears to be one of the main parameters that affect the organogel internal structure and therefore the final rheological properties. For a given organogelator fraction, the terminal elastic modulus measured by oscillatory rheology is observed to increase significantly with the Hansen H-bond solvent parameter δh. Materials of different mechanical properties are then shown to display various structures, which are investigated thanks to cryo-SEM. Besides, wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) has been used to probe the gelator organization at the molecular scale with regard to the solvent nature, to understand the supramolecular self-assembly of this promising molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leïla Khacef
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Solvay, LOF, UMR 5258, 33608 Pessac, France
| | - Philippe Legros
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, PLACAMAT, UMS 3626, 33608 Pessac, France
| | - Pascal Hervé
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Solvay, LOF, UMR 5258, 33608 Pessac, France
| | - Guillaume Ovarlez
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Solvay, LOF, UMR 5258, 33608 Pessac, France
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15
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Structural and Physicochemical Characteristics of Oil Bodies from Hemp Seeds ( Cannabis sativa L.). Foods 2021; 10:foods10122930. [PMID: 34945481 PMCID: PMC8701291 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural and physicochemical characteristics of oil bodies from hemp seeds were explored in this study. Oil bodies from several plant-based sources have been previously studied; however, this is the first time a characterisation of oil bodies from the seeds of industrial hemp is provided. The morphology of oil bodies in hemp seeds and after extraction was investigated using cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM), and the interfacial characteristics of isolated oil bodies were studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Proteins associated with oil bodies were characterised using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The effect of pH and ionic strength on colloidal properties of the oil bodies was investigated. Oil bodies in hemp seeds appeared spherical and sporadically distributed in the cell, with diameters of 3 to 5 μm. CLSM images of isolated oil bodies revealed the uniform distribution of phospholipids and proteins at their interface. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were predominant in the lipid fraction and linoleic acid accounted for ≈61% of the total fatty acids. The SDS-PAGE analysis of washed and purified oil bodies revealed major bands at 15 kDa and 50–25 kDa, which could be linked to membrane-specific proteins of oil bodies or extraneous proteins. The colloidal stability of oil bodies in different pH environments indicated that the isoelectric point was between pH 4 and 4.5, where oil bodies experienced maximum aggregation. Changes in the ionic strength decreased the interfacial charge density of oil bodies (ζ-potential), but it did not affect their mean particle size. This suggested that the steric hindrance provided by membrane-specific proteins at the interface of the oil bodies could have prevented them from flocculation at low interfacial charge density. The results of this study provide new tertiary knowledge on the structure, composition, and colloidal properties of oil bodies extracted from hemp seeds, which could be used as natural emulsions or lipid-based delivery systems for food products.
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16
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Wang YQ, Han YT, Yan JN, Du YN, Jiang XY, Wu HT. Gel properties and network structure of the hydrogel constructed by iota-carrageenan and Ala-Lys dipeptide. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:244-251. [PMID: 33838193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gel properties of hydrogel-forming by Ala-Lys dipeptide (AK) and iota-carrageenan (ι-C) were investigated by rheological behavior, fourier transform infrared analysis, cryo-scanning electron microscopy, low field-NMR relaxometry and magnetic resonance imaging. Iota-carrageenan was changed from a liquid to a gel with the addition of AK, and the existence of AK significantly increased the storage modulus (G') of ι-C from 590.4 to 1077.8 Pa. In the ι-C/AK gel, the blue-shift of OH stretching and water deformation were observed, meanwhile, the presence of amide I band at 1682 cm-1 was observed. The network of ι-C/AK gel showed a dense honeycomb structure with flocculating continuous phase and rough entanglement morphology. After adding AK, the water free in the pores of ι-C entered the ι-C/AK gel matrix, and the binding capacity of bound water was enhanced. These scenarios proved that the AK as the cationic dipeptide could control the conversion of negatively charged ι-C from an original random structure to a helical structure due to electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds. This study provides a new opportunity for the peptides into carbohydrate-based gel matrices, which could provide insights for the further application of ι-C/AK gels in the fields of food industry, tissue engineering and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qiao Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Yi-Tong Han
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Jia-Nan Yan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Yi-Nan Du
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Xin-Yu Jiang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Hai-Tao Wu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian 116034, PR China.
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17
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Chen S, Zheng J, Zhang L, Cheng H, Orfila C, Ye X, Chen J. Synergistic gelling mechanism of RG-I rich citrus pectic polysaccharide at different esterification degree in calcium-induced gelation. Food Chem 2021; 350:129177. [PMID: 33610841 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RG-I rich pectic polysaccharide is common in fruit and vegetable and possesses health benefits. However, it is removed during commercial pectin production because of poor gelling properties. Synergistic gelation can improve rheological properties of RG-I pectic polysaccharide and expand its application in functional food hydrocolloids. In the study, RG-I rich pectic polysaccharides at different degree of esterification was extracted from citrus membrane by sequential mild acidic (0.4% HCl, 28 °C) and alkaline (0.6% NaOH, 32 °C) treatment. The pectic polysaccharide from acid water (PA) composes of 41% RG-I and 44% HG with DM of 45%, while the pectic polysaccharide from basic water (PB) composed of 63% RG-I and 19% HG with DM of 15%. PA/PB blend gel under CaCO3-glucono-δ-lactone system showed improved rheological properties compared with pure gels. Ca-bridges connected pectin aggregates and promoted the three-dimensional structure of PA/PB blend gels, while neutral sugar side-chains prompted hydrogen bonds and strengthened gel network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiguo Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jiaqi Zheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Laiming Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huan Cheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Caroline Orfila
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jianle Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
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18
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Meziu E, Koch M, Fleddermann J, Schwarzkopf K, Schneider M, Kraegeloh A. Visualization of the structure of native human pulmonary mucus. Int J Pharm 2021; 597:120238. [PMID: 33540010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human respiratory mucus lining the airway epithelium forms a challenging barrier to inhalation therapeutics. Therefore, structural elucidation of hydrated mucus is essential for an efficient drug delivery development. The structure of mucus has been primarily investigated by conventional electron microscopy techniques, which operate under vacuum conditions and require sample preparation steps that might alter the structure of mucus. In this study we investigated the impact of dehydration on mucus and analyzed the structure of mucus in its hydrated state. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy (Cryo-SEM) analysis of mucus showed, that during the process of sublimation, non-porous structure of mucus is transformed into a porous network. Similarly, images acquired by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), revealed a non-porous structure of hydrated mucus, while further observation at decreasing pressure demonstrated the strong influence of dehydration on mucus structure. We could successfully visualize the structural organization of the major gel forming mucin MUC5B in its hydrated state by employing stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, which allowed resolving the nano-scale patterns of mucin macromolecules within the essentially pore-free mucus structure. The general structural organization of mucus components was addressed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), which revealed the heterogeneous and composite structure of mucus. These results provide a novel view on the native structure of mucus and will affect drug delivery development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Meziu
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - M Koch
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - J Fleddermann
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - K Schwarzkopf
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Clinics Saarbrücken, Winterberg 1, 66119 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - M Schneider
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - A Kraegeloh
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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19
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Lavoisier A, Vilgis TA, Aguilera JM. Effect of cysteine addition and heat treatment on the properties and microstructure of a calcium-induced whey protein cold-set gel. Curr Res Food Sci 2020; 1:31-42. [PMID: 32914103 PMCID: PMC7473375 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A model gel of whey protein isolate (WPI) was prepared by cold gelation with calcium. This system was modified by the addition of free cysteine residues (Cys) at different steps of the process. The WPI cold-set gels obtained were then subjected to heat treatment at 90°C. First, the effect of Cys addition on the heat-induced aggregation of WPI was studied through Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), while Cys' effect on cold gelation was observed by AFM, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) and oscillatory rheology (amplitude sweeps). The impact of heating on the microstructure and the viscoelastic properties of the WPI cold-set gels were finally investigated through several techniques, including DSC, ATR-FTIR, CLSM, cryo-SEM, and rheological measurements (temperature sweeps). When added during the first step of cold gelation, Cys modified heat-induced aggregation of WPI, resulting in the formation of a denser gel network with a fractal dimension (Df) of 2.8. However, the addition of Cys during the second step of cold gelation led to the formation of highly branched clusters of WPI and a looser gel network was observed (Df = 2.4). In this regard, the use and limitations of oscillatory rheology and the "Kraus model" to determine the Df of WPI cold-set gels was discussed. The viscoelastic properties and the microstructure of the WPI cold-set gels were irreversibly modified by heating. Gels were stiffer, more brittle, and coarser after heat treatment. New disulfide bonds and calcium bridges formed, as well as H-bonded β-sheets, all contributing to the formation of the final gel network structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Lavoisier
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna, 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile.,Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas A Vilgis
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - José Miguel Aguilera
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna, 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
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20
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Vadodaria SS, He Y, Mills T, Wildman R. Fabrication of surfactant-polyelectrolyte complex using valvejet 3D printing-aided colloidal self assembly. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Guerzoni LPB, Rose JC, Gehlen DB, Jans A, Haraszti T, Wessling M, Kuehne AJC, De Laporte L. Cell Encapsulation in Soft, Anisometric Poly(ethylene) Glycol Microgels Using a Novel Radical-Free Microfluidic System. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1900692. [PMID: 30993907 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201900692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Complex 3D artificial tissue constructs are extensively investigated for tissue regeneration. Frequently, materials and cells are delivered separately without benefitting from the synergistic effect of combined administration. Cell delivery inside a material construct provides the cells with a supportive environment by presenting biochemical, mechanical, and structural signals to direct cell behavior. Conversely, the cell/material interaction is poorly understood at the micron scale and new systems are required to investigate the effect of micron-scale features on cell functionality. Consequently, cells are encapsulated in microgels to avoid diffusion limitations of nutrients and waste and facilitate analysis techniques of single or collective cells. However, up to now, the production of soft cell-loaded microgels by microfluidics is limited to spherical microgels. Here, a novel method is presented to produce monodisperse, anisometric poly(ethylene) glycol microgels to study cells inside an anisometric architecture. These microgels can potentially direct cell growth and can be injected as rod-shaped mini-tissues that further assemble into organized macroscopic and macroporous structures post-injection. Their aspect ratios are adjusted with flow parameters, while mechanical and biochemical properties are altered by modifying the precursors. Encapsulated primary fibroblasts are viable and spread and migrate across the 3D microgel structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis P B Guerzoni
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jonas C Rose
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - David B Gehlen
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Jans
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tamàs Haraszti
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Wessling
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- AVT.CVT, Forckenbeckstrasse 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander J C Kuehne
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Laura De Laporte
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, Worringerweg 1-2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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22
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Schnabel‐Lubovsky M, Kossover O, Melino S, Nanni F, Talmon Y, Seliktar D. Visualizing cell‐laden fibrin‐based hydrogels using cryogenic scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:587-598. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Schnabel‐Lubovsky
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTechnion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
- Department of Chemical EngineeringTechnion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Olga Kossover
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTechnion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Sonia Melino
- Department of Chemical Science and TechnologiesUniversity of Rome Tor Vergata Rome Italy
| | - Francesca Nanni
- Enterprise Engineering DepartmentUniversity of Rome Tor Vergata Rome Italy
- INSTMItalian Interuniversity Consortium on Materials Science and Technology 50121 Florence Italy
| | - Yeshayahu Talmon
- Department of Chemical EngineeringTechnion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
- Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI)Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Dror Seliktar
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTechnion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
- Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI)Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
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23
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Buchtová N, D’Orlando A, Judeinstein P, Chauvet O, Weiss P, Le Bideau J. Water dynamics in silanized hydroxypropyl methylcellulose based hydrogels designed for tissue engineering. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 202:404-408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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24
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Yang X, Nisar T, Liang D, Hou Y, Sun L, Guo Y. Low methoxyl pectin gelation under alkaline conditions and its rheological properties: Using NaOH as a pH regulator. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Abstract
The properties of low molecular weight gels are determined by the underlying, self-assembled network. To access information on the network, it is common for techniques to be used that require the gel to be dried, such as transmission electron microscopy or scanning electron microscopy. The implicit assumption is that this drying has no bearing on the data collected. Here, we discuss the validity of this assumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave J Adams
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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