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González-Torres S, Anaya-Esparza LM, Trigueros del Valle GF, Rivera-León EA, Villagrán Z, Sánchez-Enríquez S. Skinfold Thickness as a Cardiometabolic Risk Predictor in Sedentary and Active Adult Populations. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1326. [PMID: 37763094 PMCID: PMC10532477 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13091326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies report that increased body fat can lead to health risks for individuals. However, some methods used for analyzing adiposity did not identify its distribution in the human body because they are typically measured using bioimpedance scales. This study aims to associate the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors in sedentary and active adult populations through anthropometric methods based on skinfold thickness measurements. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 946 adults aged between 18 and 79 years with prior informed consent. Clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters, as well as some cardiometabolic risk factors, were evaluated. Almost half of the population (45.1%; n = 427) is sedentary. A significant association was found between the sum of the skinfolds (bicipital, tricipital, subscapular, and suprailiac) and the cardiometabolic risk factors evaluated, highlighting the cardiovascular risk associated with abdominal obesity, risk of insulin resistance, as well as the development of hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. The bicipital fold was thicker (19.67 mm) in the population with a sedentary lifestyle than in the physically active population (18.30 mm). Furthermore, the skinfolds that predict higher metabolic risks were suprailiac and subscapular in sedentary and active populations. Thus, these skinfold measurements could be considered in assessing the adult population for early cardiometabolic risk detection, even in healthy and physically active people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sughey González-Torres
- Division de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Mexico; (S.G.-T.); (E.A.R.-L.)
| | - Luis Miguel Anaya-Esparza
- Division de Ciencias Agropecuarias e Ingenierias, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Mexico;
| | - Gabriel Fermín Trigueros del Valle
- Hospital Regional N°180, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Carretera San Sebastian-Santa Fe 1000, Tlajomulco de Zuñiga 45653, Mexico;
| | - Edgar Alfonso Rivera-León
- Division de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Mexico; (S.G.-T.); (E.A.R.-L.)
| | - Zuamí Villagrán
- Division de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Mexico; (S.G.-T.); (E.A.R.-L.)
| | - Sergio Sánchez-Enríquez
- Division de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Mexico; (S.G.-T.); (E.A.R.-L.)
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2
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Rubio-Castillo ÁE, Zamora-Gasga VM, Sánchez-Burgos JA, Ruiz-Valdiviezo VM, Montalvo-González E, Velázquez-Estrada RM, González-Córdova AF, Sáyago-Ayerdi SG. Gut metabolites produced during in vitro colonic fermentation of the indigestible fraction of a maize-based traditional Mexican fermented beverage, Tejuino. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2022; 5:100150. [PMID: 36483086 PMCID: PMC9723516 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2022.100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tejuino, is a Mexican fermented beverage prepared by germination-fermentation or nixtamalization-fermentation (artisanal and commercial mode respectively) of maize. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gut metabolites, volatile, and phenolic compounds (PC) produced by the indigestible fraction (IF) of Tejuino during an in vitro colonic fermentation. Twenty-six PC in the IF were identified; the hydroxycinnamic acids (30-40 %) were the most abundant. In the IF of Tejuino pyrogallol, and urolithins were identified. Some of the representative PC of maize as maysin derivatives (apimaysin and 3-methoxymaysin) (flavonoids). The quantification of acetic and butyric acid become notable after 6 h of the colonic fermentation of IF of Tejuino. Ninety-seven volatile compounds were found, and the PCA shows the predominant compounds as short chain fatty acids, esters of organic acids and indole derivatives. These results suggest that Tejuino could be an important source of metabolites with high biological value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Eduardo Rubio-Castillo
- Laboratorio Integral en Investigación en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico No. 2505, Col. Lagos del Country, CP 63175 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Víctor M. Zamora-Gasga
- Laboratorio Integral en Investigación en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico No. 2505, Col. Lagos del Country, CP 63175 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Jorge A. Sánchez-Burgos
- Laboratorio Integral en Investigación en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico No. 2505, Col. Lagos del Country, CP 63175 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Víctor M. Ruiz-Valdiviezo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana km 1080, CP 29050 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Efigenia Montalvo-González
- Laboratorio Integral en Investigación en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico No. 2505, Col. Lagos del Country, CP 63175 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Rita M. Velázquez-Estrada
- Laboratorio Integral en Investigación en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico No. 2505, Col. Lagos del Country, CP 63175 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Aarón F. González-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Calidad, Autenticidad y Trazabilidad de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, colonia La Victoria, CP 83304 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Sonia G. Sáyago-Ayerdi
- Laboratorio Integral en Investigación en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico No. 2505, Col. Lagos del Country, CP 63175 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
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3
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García-Díez E, López-Oliva ME, Pérez-Jiménez J, Martín MA, Ramos S. Metabolic regulation of (-)-epicatechin and the colonic metabolite 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid on the glucose uptake, lipid accumulation and insulin signalling in cardiac H9c2 cells. Food Funct 2022; 13:5602-5615. [PMID: 35502961 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00182a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epicatechin (EC) and main colonic phenolic acids derived from flavonoid intake have been suggested to exert healthful effects, although their mechanism of action remains unknown. Heart damage is highly prevalent in metabolic diseases, and the failure of this organ is a major cause of death worldwide. In this study, the modulation of the energy metabolism and insulin signalling by the mentioned compounds in cardiac H9c2 cells was evaluated. Incubation of cells with EC (1-20 μM) and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA, 10 μM) reduced glucose uptake, and both compounds decreased lipid accumulation at concentrations higher than 0.5 μM. EC and DHBA also increased the tyrosine phosphorylated and total insulin receptor (IR) levels, and activated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway in cardiac H9c2 cells. Interestingly, EC and DHBA did not modify glucose transporters (SGLT-1 and GLUT-1) levels, and increased GLUT-4 values. In addition, EC and DHBA decreased cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) values, and enhanced carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1) and proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα) levels. By using specific inhibitors of AKT and 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the participation of both proteins in EC- and DHBA-mediated regulation on glucose uptake and lipid accumulation was shown. Taken together, EC and DHBA modulate glucose uptake and lipid accumulation via AKT and AMPK, and reinforce the insulin signalling by activating key proteins of this pathway in H9c2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther García-Díez
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Elvira López-Oliva
- Sección Departamental de Fisiología. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain
| | - Jara Pérez-Jiménez
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Angeles Martín
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Sonia Ramos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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González-Torres S, González-Silva N, Pérez-Reyes Á, Anaya-Esparza LM, Sánchez-Enríquez S, Vargas-Becerra PN, Villagrán Z, García-García MR. Food Consumption and Metabolic Risks in Young University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010449. [PMID: 35010709 PMCID: PMC8744619 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between components of the diet, metabolic risks, and the serum concentrations of adiponectin and interleukin-6 (IL-6). With prior informed consent, an analytical cross-sectional study was carried out with 72 students in their first year of university. The subjects had a mean age of 19.2 ± 1.0 years and body mass index of 23.38 ± 4.2, and they were mainly women (80.6%). Sociodemographic, anthropometric, and dietary data and metabolic risk factors were evaluated, and biochemical parameters and adipocytokines were also considered. The data were analyzed using means, ranges, and correlations, as well as principal components. In general, the protein, fat, and sodium intake were higher than the international dietary recommendations, and deficiencies in vitamins B5 and E, potassium, phosphorus, selenium, and zinc were observed. The most frequently observed metabolic risks were insulin resistance and hypoalphalipoproteinemia. IL-6 was positively correlated with lipid and protein intake. Adiponectin showed a positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein and a negative correlation with insulin, weight, and waist, while the adiponectin pattern was similar to that of vitamins E and A, which decreased with increasing intake of calories, macronutrients, and sodium. In general, a hypercaloric diet that was high in protein, fat, and sodium and deficient in vitamins, mainly fat-soluble, was associated with a lower concentration of adiponectin and a higher concentration of IL-6, which favor the presence of metabolic risks, including insulin resistance. Intervention studies are required to evaluate the dietary intake of metabolic markers in young people without comorbidities, which will lay the foundation for implementing prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sughey González-Torres
- Division de Ciencias Biomedicas, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, Tepatitlan de Morelos 47620, Mexico; (S.G.-T.); (Á.P.-R.); (S.S.-E.); (P.N.V.-B.)
| | - Napoleón González-Silva
- Division de Ciencias Agropecuarias e Ingenierias, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, Tepatitlan de Morelos 47620, Mexico; (N.G.-S.); (L.M.A.-E.)
| | - Ángel Pérez-Reyes
- Division de Ciencias Biomedicas, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, Tepatitlan de Morelos 47620, Mexico; (S.G.-T.); (Á.P.-R.); (S.S.-E.); (P.N.V.-B.)
| | - Luis Miguel Anaya-Esparza
- Division de Ciencias Agropecuarias e Ingenierias, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, Tepatitlan de Morelos 47620, Mexico; (N.G.-S.); (L.M.A.-E.)
| | - Sergio Sánchez-Enríquez
- Division de Ciencias Biomedicas, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, Tepatitlan de Morelos 47620, Mexico; (S.G.-T.); (Á.P.-R.); (S.S.-E.); (P.N.V.-B.)
| | - Patricia N. Vargas-Becerra
- Division de Ciencias Biomedicas, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, Tepatitlan de Morelos 47620, Mexico; (S.G.-T.); (Á.P.-R.); (S.S.-E.); (P.N.V.-B.)
| | - Zuamí Villagrán
- Division de Ciencias Biomedicas, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, Tepatitlan de Morelos 47620, Mexico; (S.G.-T.); (Á.P.-R.); (S.S.-E.); (P.N.V.-B.)
- Correspondence: (Z.V.); (M.R.G.-G.)
| | - Maritza R. García-García
- Programa Internacional de Medicina, Unidad Academica de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Lomas del Valle, Zapopan 45129, Mexico
- Correspondence: (Z.V.); (M.R.G.-G.)
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5
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Cuellar-Núñez ML, Gonzalez de Mejia E, Loarca-Piña G. Moringa oleifera leaves alleviated inflammation through downregulation of IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α in a colitis-associated colorectal cancer model. Food Res Int 2021; 144:110318. [PMID: 34053523 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
New chemopreventive alternatives are needed due to the rising worldwide incidence of colorectal cancer. The objective was to evaluate the chemopreventive activity of Moringa oleifera leaves (MO) in a colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis model. We hypothesized that MO contain bioactive compounds capable of modulating the expression of genes involved in the inflammatory response and carcinogenesis. Forty-eight male mice (CD-1) were divided into six groups; 1: Healthy control; 2: Positive control induced with azoxymethane (AOM, 10 mg/Kg body weight, intraperitoneal injection) and three cycles of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS, 1.5% in drinking water); groups 3, 4, and 5 were induced with AOM/DSS and supplemented with 5%, 10%, and 20% of MO, respectively; group 6: had no disease induction and supplemented with 20% of MO. Mice were treated for 12 weeks and euthanized. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found for the moringa-administered groups in morphological and histopathological parameters compared to the AOM/DSS control. A decrease in myeloperoxidase activity (~50%) and lipid peroxidation (1.9-3.1 times) were found in groups with 10% and 20% of MO compared to the AOM/DSS control (p < 0.05). The group supplemented with 10% MO showed a significant increase (~3 times) in butyrate and propionate in fecal and cecal content. Groups supplemented with 10%, and 20% MO showed a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines in serum (MCP-1, IL-6, TNF-α) compared to the AOM/DSS control. Treatment with 10% MO induced differential expression of 65 genes in colon tissue such as IL-2, IL-6, TNF, IL-1ß, and INF-γ. MO downregulated proinflammatory mediators showing chemopreventive properties against inflammatory response and colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Cuellar-Núñez
- Programa de Posgrado en Alimentos del Centro de la República (PROPAC), Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Qro 76010, Mexico; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, United States
| | - E Gonzalez de Mejia
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, United States
| | - G Loarca-Piña
- Programa de Posgrado en Alimentos del Centro de la República (PROPAC), Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Qro 76010, Mexico.
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Del juncal-Guzmán D, Hernández-Maldonado LM, Sánchez-Burgos JA, González-Aguilar GA, Ruiz-Valdiviezo VM, Tovar J, Sáyago-Ayerdi SG. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation of phenolic compounds in UV-C irradiated pineapple (Ananas comosus) snack-bars. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Liakh I, Sledzinski T, Kaska L, Mozolewska P, Mika A. Sample Preparation Methods for Lipidomics Approaches Used in Studies of Obesity. Molecules 2020; 25:E5307. [PMID: 33203044 PMCID: PMC7696154 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with alterations in the composition and amounts of lipids. Lipids have over 1.7 million representatives. Most lipid groups differ in composition, properties and chemical structure. These small molecules control various metabolic pathways, determine the metabolism of other compounds and are substrates for the syntheses of different derivatives. Recently, lipidomics has become an important branch of medical/clinical sciences similar to proteomics and genomics. Due to the much higher lipid accumulation in obese patients and many alterations in the compositions of various groups of lipids, the methods used for sample preparations for lipidomic studies of samples from obese subjects sometimes have to be modified. Appropriate sample preparation methods allow for the identification of a wide range of analytes by advanced analytical methods, including mass spectrometry. This is especially the case in studies with obese subjects, as the amounts of some lipids are much higher, others are present in trace amounts, and obese subjects have some specific alterations of the lipid profile. As a result, it is best to use a method previously tested on samples from obese subjects. However, most of these methods can be also used in healthy, nonobese subjects or patients with other dyslipidemias. This review is an overview of sample preparation methods for analysis as one of the major critical steps in the overall analytical procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Liakh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.); (P.M.)
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Lukasz Kaska
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Paulina Mozolewska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.); (P.M.)
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
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Álvarez Cilleros D, López-Oliva ME, Martín MÁ, Ramos S. (-)-Epicatechin and the colonic metabolite 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid protect against high glucose and lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in renal proximal tubular cells through NOX-4/p38 signalling. Food Funct 2020; 11:8811-8824. [PMID: 32959859 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01805h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycaemia and inflammation are present in diabetes and both processes have been related to the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. Epicatechin (EC) and main colonic phenolic acids derived from flavonoid intake, such as 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DHPAA) and 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (HPPA), have been suggested to exert beneficial effects in diabetes. This study was aimed at investigating whether the mentioned compounds could prevent inflammation in renal proximal tubular NRK-52E cells induced by high glucose and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Pre-treatment of cells with EC and DHBA (5 μM) reverted the enhanced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), activated by high glucose and LPS. Additionally, EC and DHBA pre-incubation reduced the increased values of adhesion molecules, namely, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), as well as those of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) [extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), -c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and -p38 protein kinase (p38)] activated by the high glucose and LPS challenge. Thus, in EC and DHBA pre-treated cells ICAM-1, p-ERK and p-JNK were returned to control values, and VCAM-1 and p-p38 levels were reduced by ∼20 and 25%, respectively, when compared to high glucose plus LPS-stimulated cells. Likewise, pre-treatment with EC and DHBA protected against high glucose plus LPS-triggered oxidative stress by preventing increased ROS and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX-4) levels (∼25 and 45% reduction, respectively). By using specific inhibitors of p38 and NOX-4, the participation of both proteins in EC- and DHBA-mediated protection against inflammation and associated oxidative stress was shown. Taken together, EC and DHBA exert beneficial effects in renal proximal tubular cells, as they contribute to preventing the inflammatory-induced milieu and the accompanying redox imbalance, playing NOX-4/p38 a crucial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Álvarez Cilleros
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Elvira López-Oliva
- Sección Departamental de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain
| | - María Ángeles Martín
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain. and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Sonia Ramos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Mercado-Mercado G, Blancas-Benítez FJ, Zamora-Gasga VM, Sáyago-Ayerdi SG. Mexican Traditional Plant-Foods: Polyphenols Bioavailability, Gut Microbiota Metabolism and Impact Human Health. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:3434-3456. [PMID: 31604412 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191011093753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Functional foods have been used worldwide since ancient times, particularly, the prehispanic civilizations used several plants as medicinal foods. Nowadays, many Mexicans populations preserve their traditions and dietary patterns based on corn, beans, besides other endemic vegetables, mainly diverse varieties of chili, tomatoes and other plant-foods. It is well known that each species has a special complex mixture of bioactive compounds (BC) in which each component contributes to its overall bioactivity. These BC are plant metabolites that benefit human health by means of anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatory, and antioxidant effects. However, it becomes bioactive at human body when these BC must undergo diverse intestinal transformations, due to the action of digestive enzymes, but also by the action of microbiota metabolism. Thus, the intestinal microbiota is the key factor in the mediation of the physiological functions of dietary polyphenols. In fact, limited information is available, especially on dietary phytochemicals and metabolism in commonly available Mexican plant-foods. In this review, the bioaccesibility and bioavailability major BC from traditional Mexican plant-foods products and its potential health benefits will be discussed. Besides, we compile the scientific reports and the evidence of the impact of some Mexican plant-foods on the gut microbiota dynamic composition, specific microbial metabolites and its possible contributions to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Mercado-Mercado
- Departamento de Ciencias Quimico Biologicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidad Autonoma de Ciudad Juarez, Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Francisco J Blancas-Benítez
- Tecnologico Nacional de Mexico, Instituto Tecnologico de Tepic. Laboratorio Integral de Investigacion en Alimentos, Division de Estudios de Posgrado, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Victor M Zamora-Gasga
- Tecnologico Nacional de Mexico, Instituto Tecnologico de Tepic. Laboratorio Integral de Investigacion en Alimentos, Division de Estudios de Posgrado, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Sonia G Sáyago-Ayerdi
- Tecnologico Nacional de Mexico, Instituto Tecnologico de Tepic. Laboratorio Integral de Investigacion en Alimentos, Division de Estudios de Posgrado, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
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In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion and Colonic Fermentation of High Dietary Fiber and Antioxidant-Rich Mango ( Mangifera indica L.) "Ataulfo"-Based Fruit Bars. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071564. [PMID: 31336740 PMCID: PMC6682962 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a tropical fruit which is considered to be a source of dietary fiber (DF) and phenolic compounds (PCs). In this study, high DF mango-based fruit bars were developed from whole mango (peel and pulp). The bars were evaluated for their nutritional composition, the bioaccesibility of PCs during gastrointestinal digestion, and the PCs metabolites profile after in vitro colonic fermentation. The amount of DF in a 30 g portion of mango bars was 9.5 g, i.e., 35% of the recommended daily intake. Phenolic acids such as gallic acid; cinnamic acids, such as ferulic, coumaric, and caffeic acids; flavonoids such as quercertin; and xanthones such as mangiferin and mangiferin gallate, were identified as the main PCs in the bars. The antioxidant capacity associated with the PCs profile, together with the high DF content are indicative of the potential functional features of these natural fruit bars. The bioaccesibility of PCs in the mango bar was 53.78%. During fermentation, the PCs were bioconverted mainly to hydroxyphenolic acids and the main short-chain fatty acid produced was acetic acid. The xanthone norathyriol was identified after 12 h of fermentation. This study on the digestion and colonic fermentation of mango-based bars using in vitro models provides hints of the potential physiological behavior of PCs associated with DF, which constitutes relevant information for further development of natural and health-promoting fruit-based bars.
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Untargeted metabolomic evaluation of mango bagasse and mango bagasse based confection under in vitro simulated colonic fermentation. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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