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Banik SP, Kumar P, Basak P, Goel A, Ohia SE, Bagchi M, Chakraborty S, Kundu A, Bagchi D. A critical insight into the physicochemical stability of macular carotenoids with respect to their industrial production, safety profile, targeted tissue delivery, and bioavailability. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024:1-15. [PMID: 39252190 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2024.2401924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Lutein, zeaxanthin, and mesozeaxanthin, collectively termed as macular pigments, are key carotenoids integral to optimized central vision of the eye. Therefore, nutraceuticals and functional foods have been developed commercially using carotenoid rich flowers, such as marigold and calendula or single celled photosynthetic algae, such as the Dunaliella. Industrial formulation of such products enriched in macular pigments have often suffered from serious bottlenecks in stability, delivery, and bioavailability. The two chief factors largely responsible for decreasing the shelf-life have been solubility and oxidation of these pigments owing to their strong lipophilic nature and presence of conjugated double bonds. In this regard, oil-based formulations have often been found to be more suitable than powder-based formulations in terms of shelf life and targeted delivery. In some cases, addition of phenolic acids in the formulations have also augmented the product value by enhancing micellization. In this regard, a novel proprietary formulation of these pigments has been developed in our laboratory utilizing marigold extracts in a colloidal solution of extra virgin olive oil and canola oil fortified with antioxidants like thyme oil, tocopherol, and ascorbyl palmitate. This review article presents an updated insight into the stability and bioavailability of industrially manufactured macular carotenoids together with their safety and solubility issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samudra P Banik
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad College, Kolkata, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- R&D Department, Chemical Resources (CHERESO), Panchkula, India
| | - Pijush Basak
- Jagadis Bose National Science Talent Search, Kolkata, India
| | - Apurva Goel
- Regulatory Department, Chemical Resources (CHERESO), Panchkula, India
| | - Sunny E Ohia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Sanjoy Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Sciences, New York City College of Technology/CUNY, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Arijit Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Maulana Azad College, Kolkata, India
| | - Debasis Bagchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA
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2
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Fitri AMN, Mahfufah U, Aziz SBA, Sultan NAF, Mahfud MAS, Saputra MD, Elim D, Bakri NF, Arjuna A, Sari YW, Domínguez-Robles J, Pamornpathomkul B, Mir M, Permana AD. Enhancement of skin localization of β-carotene from red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) using solid dispersion-thermoresponsive gel delivered via polymeric solid microneedles. Int J Pharm 2024; 660:124307. [PMID: 38852748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) boasts high β-carotene (BC) content, often consumed orally. However, absorption issues and low bioavailability due to food matrix interaction have led to transdermal delivery exploration. Nevertheless, BC has a short skin retention time. To address these limitations, this study formulates a β-carotene solid dispersion (SD-BC) loaded thermoresponsive gel combined with polymeric solid microneedles (PSM) to enhance in vivo skin bioavailability. Characterization of SD-BC includes saturation solubility, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and in vitro release. Characterization of SD-BC thermoresponsive gel includes gelation temperature, viscosity, rheological behaviour, pH, bio-adhesiveness, spreadability, and extrudability. PSM's mechanical properties and insertion capability were assessed. Ex vivo and in vivo dermato-pharmacokinetic studies, drug content, hemolysis, and skin irritation assessments were conducted to evaluate overall performance. Results confirm amorphous SD-BC formation, enhancing solubility. Both SD-BC thermoresponsive gel and PSM exhibit favourable characteristics, including rheological properties and mechanical strength. In vitro release studies showed a seven-fold increase in BC release compared to plain hydrogel. SD-BC thermoresponsive gel combined with PSM achieves superior ex vivo permeation (Cmax = 305.43 ± 32.07 µg.mL-1) and enhances in vivo dermato-pharmacokinetic parameters by 200-400 %. Drug content, hemolysis, and skin irritation studies confirmed its safety and non-toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulfah Mahfufah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | | | - Diany Elim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Nur Fadillah Bakri
- Department of Pharmacy, Cendrawasih University, Jayapura 99224, Indonesia
| | - Andi Arjuna
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Yessie Widya Sari
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Juan Domínguez-Robles
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41012, Spain
| | | | - Maria Mir
- Department of Pharmacy, Iqra University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Andi Dian Permana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia.
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Martínez-Girón J, Cafarella C, Rigano F, Giuffrida D, Mondello L, Baena Y, Osorio C, Ordóñez-Santos LE. Peach Palm Fruit ( Bactris gasipaes) Peel: A Source of Provitamin A Carotenoids to Develop Emulsion-Based Delivery Systems. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:28738-28753. [PMID: 38973829 PMCID: PMC11223146 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c03095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The peach palm fruit (Bactris gasipaes) peel is a byproduct after fruit consumption. The peel flour of two varieties (yellow and red) was separately obtained by hot air drying and was subsequently milled. The proximate analysis showed that the red variety exhibited higher protein, fat, and fiber contents than the yellow one. A higher carotenoid (836.5 ± 24.5 μg/g), phenolic compounds (83.17 ± 1.76 mg GAE/100 g), and provitamin A activity (33.10 ± 0.83 μg retinol/g) were found in the cooked red variety. The carotenoid and phenolic compositions were analyzed by HPLC-PDA-MS, finding β-carotene and γ-carotene to be major compounds. The effect of thermal treatment increased the amount of these provitamin A carotenoids and lycopene, which were detected only in the red variety. Among phenolic compounds, procyanidin dimer (isomer I), feruloyl quinic acid, and several apigenin C-hexosides were identified as major constituents of peach palm epicarp. A carotenoid-rich emulsion-based delivery system was obtained after the optimization (RSM model) of carotenoid extraction with ultraturrax and sunflower oil and further development of an ultrasound-assisted emulsion. The best conditions for a stable emulsion were 73.75% water, 25% carotenoid-rich oil extract, 1.25% emulsifiers, and 480 W of ultrasonic power for 5 min. The optimized emulsion had a total carotenoid content of 67.61 μg/g, Provitamin A activity of 3.23 ± 0.56 μg RAE/g, droplet size of 502.23 nm, polydispersity index of 0.170, and zeta potential of -32.26 mV. This emulsion was chemically and physically stable for 35 days at 30 ± 2 °C, showing potential as a food additive with biofunctional properties. The strategy here developed is an economical and environmentally friendly process that allows the reuse of the byproduct of B. gasipaes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jader Martínez-Girón
- Facultad
de Ingeniería y Administración, Departamento de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Palmira, Palmira, Valle del Cauca 763533, Colombia
- Tecnología
de Procesamiento de Alimentos, Universidad
del Valle-Seccional Palmira, Palmira, Valle del Cauca 763531, Colombia
| | - Cinzia Cafarella
- Messina
Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical
and Environmental Sciences, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Messina 98122, Italy
| | - Francesca Rigano
- Messina
Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical
and Environmental Sciences, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Messina 98122, Italy
| | - Daniele Giuffrida
- Department
of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98122, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Messina
Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical
and Environmental Sciences, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Messina 98122, Italy
- Chromaleont
s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and
Environmental Sciences, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Messina 98122, Italy
| | - Yolima Baena
- Departamento
de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad
Nacional de Colombia-Sede Bogotá, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Coralia Osorio
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad Nacional
de Colombia-Sede Bogotá, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Luis Eduardo Ordóñez-Santos
- Facultad
de Ingeniería y Administración, Departamento de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Palmira, Palmira, Valle del Cauca 763533, Colombia
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4
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Wang Y, He S, Huang J, Guo W, Gao X, Li G. Physicochemical stability of corn protein hydrolysate/tannic acid complex-based β-carotene nanoemulsion delivery system. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:5111-5120. [PMID: 39055182 PMCID: PMC11266910 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Moderate non-covalent interaction of protein and polyphenols can improve the emulsifying property of protein itself. The corn protein hydrolysate (CPH) and tannic acid (TA) complex was successfully used to construct nanoemulsion for algal oil delivery. There has been no study on the feasibility of this nanoemulsion delivery system for other food functional components, for example, β-carotene (β-CE). CPH/TA complex-based nanoemulsion system for β-CE delivery was studied, focusing on the effect of β-CE content on the physicochemical stability of the nanoemulsions. The nanoemulsion delivery systems (dia. 150 nm) with low viscosity and good liquidity were easily fabricated by two-step emulsification. The nanoemulsions with high β-CE content (>71.5 μg/mL) significantly increased (p < .05) the emulsion droplet size. However, there was no significant (p > .05) effect of β-CE content on polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential of the nanoemulsions. The storage (30 days) experiment results demonstrated that the droplet size of the nanoemulsions with varying β-CE content increased slightly during storage. However, the PDI values showed a slightly decreasing trend. Zeta potentials of the nanoemulsions showed no noticeable change during storage. Moreover, after storage of 30 days, the retention ratios of β-CE were found to be up to 90%, which suggests an excellent protective effect for β-CE by the nanoemulsion systems. The CPH/TA complex stabilized nanoemulsions could aggregate in gastric condition, but the β-CE content did not have obvious effect on the digestive stability of the nanoemulsions. The CPH/TA complex could be employed as an emulsifier to construct a physicochemical stable nanoemulsion delivery system for lipophilic active components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong‐Hui Wang
- Food and Pharmacy CollegeXuchang UniversityXuchangPeople's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functional Food Green ManufacturingXuchangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Sheng‐Hua He
- Food and Pharmacy CollegeXuchang UniversityXuchangPeople's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functional Food Green ManufacturingXuchangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ji‐Hong Huang
- Food and Pharmacy CollegeXuchang UniversityXuchangPeople's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functional Food Green ManufacturingXuchangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Wei‐Yun Guo
- Food and Pharmacy CollegeXuchang UniversityXuchangPeople's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functional Food Green ManufacturingXuchangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xue‐Li Gao
- Food and Pharmacy CollegeXuchang UniversityXuchangPeople's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functional Food Green ManufacturingXuchangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Guang‐Hui Li
- Food and Pharmacy CollegeXuchang UniversityXuchangPeople's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functional Food Green ManufacturingXuchangPeople's Republic of China
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5
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Saleh M, Salam MA, Capanoglu E. Encapsulation of Black Rice Bran Extract in a Stable Nanoemulsion: Effects of Thermal Treatment, Storage Conditions, and In Vitro Digestion. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:12585-12595. [PMID: 38524420 PMCID: PMC10955592 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to improve the dispersibility of phenolic compounds from black rice bran through the encapsulation process within nanoemulsion. The study focused on assessing the stability of the nanoemulsions, which were prepared using a combination of surfactants with distinct hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) values and sunflower oil under different thermal treatments and storage conditions. The study revealed a significant correlation between the mixed surfactant HLB value and the nanoemulsions properties, including average particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and ζ-potential. Specifically, an increase in the HLB value was associated with a decrease in the initial average particle size. The encapsulated polyphenols exhibited remarkable stability over a storage period of up to 30 days at different temperatures with no significant changes observed in particle size or PDI. The study also investigated the impact of different ionic strengths (0.2, 0.5, and 1.00 mol L-1 NaCl) on the physical stability and antioxidant black rice bran extract nanoemulsion, and the results revealed that adding NaCl influenced the particle size and surface charge of the nanoemulsions. Total phenolic content and DPPH results demonstrated a significant impact of salt concentration on antioxidant properties, with varying trends observed among the HLB formulations. Furthermore, the behavior of the encapsulated extracts during digestion was examined, and their antioxidant activity was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed
N. Saleh
- Agricultural
Research Center, Food Technology Research
Institute, 3725004 Giza, Egypt
- Department
of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Türkiye
| | | | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department
of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Türkiye
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6
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Andrés CMC, Pérez de la Lastra JM, Juan CA, Plou FJ, Pérez-Lebeña E. Antioxidant Metabolism Pathways in Vitamins, Polyphenols, and Selenium: Parallels and Divergences. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2600. [PMID: 38473850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Free radicals (FRs) are unstable molecules that cause reactive stress (RS), an imbalance between reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the body and its ability to neutralize them. These species are generated by both internal and external factors and can damage cellular lipids, proteins, and DNA. Antioxidants prevent or slow down the oxidation process by interrupting the transfer of electrons between substances and reactive agents. This is particularly important at the cellular level because oxidation reactions lead to the formation of FR and contribute to various diseases. As we age, RS accumulates and leads to organ dysfunction and age-related disorders. Polyphenols; vitamins A, C, and E; and selenoproteins possess antioxidant properties and may have a role in preventing and treating certain human diseases associated with RS. In this review, we explore the current evidence on the potential benefits of dietary supplementation and investigate the intricate connection between SIRT1, a crucial regulator of aging and longevity; the transcription factor NRF2; and polyphenols, vitamins, and selenium. Finally, we discuss the positive effects of antioxidant molecules, such as reducing RS, and their potential in slowing down several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Manuel Pérez de la Lastra
- Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, 3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Celia Andrés Juan
- Cinquima Institute and Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Valladolid University, Paseo de Belén, 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Plou
- Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Panwar A, Kumar V, Dhiman A, Thakur P, Sharma V, Sharma A, Kumar S. Nanoemulsion based edible coatings for quality retention of fruits and vegetables-decoding the basics and advancements in last decade. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117450. [PMID: 37875173 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables (F&V) are highly perishable and have important contributions to nutritional and economic sustainability. Although the developing nations have shown an immense increase in the production of horticultural commodities, the post-harvest losses are significant and have an adverse impact on the resources, economy, and environment as well. Nanoemulsion-based carriers are recognized for their diversity, natural origin, and immense potential to restrict losses while boosting the functional attributes of produce. The recent findings attest to nanoemulsions potential for extending the shelf life, managing quality, and reducing the losses of the perishables for sustainable livelihood of the farmers. However, further studies are required to evaluate the biological fate, safety, or potential toxicity of the nanoemulsion-based edible coatings. This review precisely focuses on various matrices used in the production of nanoemulsions, fabrication methods, characterization techniques, and the use of natural emulsifiers instead of chemicals. The future research focus stresses on developing low-cost fabrication techniques for nanoemulsion, improvement of the transmission properties i. e gas transmission rate (GTR), water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and enhancing the performance of monolayer, bilayer, and other composite nanoemulsion base films. This beyond reducing the postharvest losses shall also restrict burden of the food waste management and related environmental issues at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Panwar
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan HP, 173230, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. Punjab, 141027, India
| | - Atul Dhiman
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. Punjab, 141027, India
| | - Priyanka Thakur
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan HP, 173230, India
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan (HP), 173229, India
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Department of Chemistry Career Point University Hamirpur, Hamirpur, HP, 176041, India
| | - Satish Kumar
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan HP, 173230, India.
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8
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Borba CM, de Moraes Soares Araújo G, Contessa CR, Dora CL, de Medeiros Burkert JF. Influence of β-Carotene Nanoemulsions on Technological Parameters and Stability in Food Matrices. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-023-03060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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9
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Armetha V, Hariyadi P, Sitanggang AB, Yuliani S. Evaluation of physical stability of whey protein-stabilized red palm oil emulsion by monitoring the changes of droplets characteristics. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2023.2173223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vallerina Armetha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Southeast Asian Food and Agricultural Science and Technology (SEAFAST) Center, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Purwiyatno Hariyadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Southeast Asian Food and Agricultural Science and Technology (SEAFAST) Center, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Azis Boing Sitanggang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Sri Yuliani
- Research Center for Agroindustry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia
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Bu G, Zhao C, Wang M, Yu Z, Yang H, Zhu T. The development and properties of nanoemulsions stabilized with glycated soybean protein for carrying β-carotene. J FOOD ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2023.111411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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11
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Otchere E, McKay BM, English MM, Aryee ANA. Current trends in nano-delivery systems for functional foods: a systematic review. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14980. [PMID: 36949757 PMCID: PMC10026715 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increased awareness of the relationship between certain components in food beyond basic nutrition and health has generated interest in the production and consumption. Functional foods owe much of their health benefits to the presence of bioactive components. Despite their importance, their poor stability, solubility, and bioavailability may require the use of different strategies including nano-delivery systems (NDS) to sustain delivery and protection during handling, storage, and ingestion. Moreover, increasing consumer trend for non-animal sourced ingredients and interest in sustainable production invigorate the need to evaluate the utility of plant-based NDS. Method In the present study, 129 articles were selected after screening from Google Scholar searches using key terms from current literature. Scope This review provides an overview of current trends in the use of bioactive compounds as health-promoting ingredients in functional foods and the main methods used to stabilize these components. The use of plant proteins as carriers in NDS for bioactive compounds and the merits and challenges of this approach are also explored. Finally, the review discusses the application of protein-based NDS in food product development and highlights challenges and opportunities for future research. Key Findings Plant-based NDS is gaining recognition in food research and industry for their role in improving the shelf life and bioavailability of bioactives. However, concerns about safety and possible toxicity limit their widespread application. Future research efforts that focus on mitigating or enhancing their safety for food applications is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Otchere
- Department of Human Ecology, Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware, United States
| | - Brighid M. McKay
- Department of Human Nutrition, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Marcia M. English
- Department of Human Nutrition, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Alberta N. A. Aryee
- Department of Human Ecology, Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware, United States
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12
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Encapsulation of fucoxanthin in fatty acid-bovine serum albumin micelles to improve the stability, bioavailability, and bioefficacy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 220:112951. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Jalali-Jivan M, Rostamabadi H, Assadpour E, Tomas M, Capanoglu E, Alizadeh-Sani M, Kharazmi MS, Jafari SM. Recent progresses in the delivery of β-carotene: From nano/microencapsulation to bioaccessibility. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 307:102750. [PMID: 35987014 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Beta-carotene (BC) as an efficient pro-vitamin is effective in improving vision, immune system and cognitive function as well as preventing coronary diseases and cancer. However, besides its poor chemical stability, the high lipophilic nature of BC reduces its dispersibility and consequently bioavailability which limits its application into food, pharmaceutical and nutraceuticals. Different carriers with vesicular or particulate structures have been studied and utilized for promoting BC solubility, dispersibility, and protection against diverse operational or environmental stresses and also controlling BC release and subsequent bioaccessibility. The current study, therefore reviews different micro/nanocarriers reported on BC encapsulation with special focusing on its bioavailability. Liposomal structures have been successfully used for enhancing BC stability and bioavailability. Besides, emulsion-based carriers including Pickering emulsions, nanoemulsions and microemulsions have been widely evaluated for BC encapsulation and protection. In addition, lipid-based nanoparticles and nanostructural carriers have also been applied successfully for this context. Moreover, gel structures including emulgels, hydrogels and oleogels are studied in some researches. Most of these delivery systems led to higher hydro-solubility and dispersibility of BC which consequently increased its bioavailability; thereupon could promote its application into food, cosmetic and nutraceutical products. However, for remarkable incorporation of BC and other bioactive compounds into edible products, the safety and toxicological aspects of these delivery system especially those designed in nano scale should be addressed in the further researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Jalali-Jivan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hadis Rostamabadi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Elham Assadpour
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department. Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Merve Tomas
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, 34303, Halkali, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahmood Alizadeh-Sani
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran; Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.
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Somala N, Laosinwattana C, Teerarak M. Formulation process, physical stability and herbicidal activities of Cymbopogon nardus essential oil-based nanoemulsion. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10280. [PMID: 35717505 PMCID: PMC9206648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14591-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oil-based bioherbicides are a promising avenue for the development of eco-friendly pesticides. This study formulated nanoemulsions containing citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) essential oil (CEO) as an herbicidal product using a high-pressure homogenization method with hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) values ranging 9–14.9 for the surfactant mixture (Tween 60 and Span 60). The CEO was high in monoterpene compounds (36.333% geraniol, 17.881% trans-citral, 15.276% cis-citral, 8.991% citronellal, and 4.991% β-citronellol). The nanoemulsion at HLB 14 was selected as optimal due to having the smallest particle size (79 nm, PI 0.286), confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. After 28 days of storage, particle size in the selected formulation changed to 58 and 140 nm under 4 °C and 25 °C, respectively. Germination and seedling growth assays with Echinochloa crus-galli showed that the nanoemulsion exerted a significant dose-dependent inhibitory effect at all tested HLBs (9–14.9) and concentrations (100–800 µL/L). The inhibitory effect was greatest at HLB 14. Treatment of E. cruss-galli seed with the HLB 14 nanoemulsion significantly reduced seed imbibition and α-amylase activity. Our findings support that CEO nanoemulsions have a phytotoxic effect and hence herbicidal properties for controlling E. cruss-galli. Accordingly, this nanoemulsion may have potential as a bioherbicide resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naphat Somala
- Department of Plant Production Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Chamroon Laosinwattana
- Department of Plant Production Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand.
| | - Montinee Teerarak
- Department of Plant Production Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
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15
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Li Y, Hu K, Huang C, Hu Y, Ji H, Liu S, Gao J. Improvement of solubility, stability and antioxidant activity of carotenoids using deep eutectic solvent-based microemulsions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 217:112591. [PMID: 35679734 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Natural carotenoids have been widely used as colorants and antioxidants in process of food, medicine, and cosmetic. However, the carotenoids have low bioactivity in vivo due to poor water-solubility. To enhance the solubility, stability and antioxidant activity of carotenoids, novel microemulsions (MEs) composed with deep eutectic solvents (DESs), tween 80 and water were developed as alternatives to organic solvents. The phase diagrams and physicochemical properties (viscosity, pH, and diameter) of the DES-based MEs were investigated at different temperatures. Then the solubility distribution, storage stability and DPPH free radical-scavenging activity of three carotenoids (astaxanthin, astaxanthin ester and lutein) in the MEs were evaluated. Compared with ethanol, methanol, and acetone, all the DES-based MEs studied significantly enhanced the solubility of the carotenoids due to the stronger hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals interactions. The highest solubilities of 0.27, 473.63, and 12.50 mg/mL for astaxanthin, astaxanthin ester and lutein, respectively, were observed in the MEs containing DES (DL-menthol:acetic acid = 1:2) at 35 ℃. Moreover, astaxanthin ester can be well preserved in the MEs containing DES (DL-menthol:octanoic acid = 1:2) with a half-life of more than 69 days. In addition, the DPPH scavenging capacities of the three carotenoids in all the MEs were higher than the organic solvents. The results revealed that the DES-based MEs with low viscosity (<0.2 Pa•s) and mild acidic pH (4-5) are potential solvents for natural carotenoids in food processing and storage, medicine making, as well as biomaterials processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Collage of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, PR China; Collage of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Kun Hu
- Collage of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, PR China
| | - Chao Huang
- Collage of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, PR China
| | - Yong Hu
- Collage of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, PR China
| | - Hongwu Ji
- Collage of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Shucheng Liu
- Collage of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Jing Gao
- Collage of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, PR China; Collage of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China.
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16
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Thermal-induced impact on physicochemical property and bioaccessibility of β-carotene in aqueous suspensions fabricated by wet-milling approach. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Ananas comosus Peels Extract as a New Natural Cosmetic Ingredient: Oil-in-Water (O/W) Topical Nano Cream Stability and Safety Evaluation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2915644. [PMID: 35600954 PMCID: PMC9119789 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2915644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ananas comosus peels (AcP) are among the agro-industrial biomasses contributing to a significant volume of waste in Malaysia. Thus, the AcP extract (AcPE) may prove useful for other applications, such as an ingredient in a nanocream for controlled delivery for dermal application. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an oil-in-water (O/W) nanocream using ingredients derived from the AcPE and test its stability alongside safety evaluation. The extract is a rich source of polyphenolic compounds viz., catechin, quercetin, and gallic acid. The study discovered that the optimized AcPE nano cream was stable against coalescence during the accelerated test but was influenced by Ostwald ripening over 6 weeks of storage at 4°C. Safety assessments affirmed the AcPE nano cream to be free of microbial contamination and heavy metals. The findings conveyed that the A. comosus nano cream is a good cosmetic ingredient and may contribute to the cosmeceutical industry's new and safe topical products.
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Encapsulation of β-Carotene in Oil-in-Water Emulsions Containing Nanocellulose: Impact on Emulsion Properties, In Vitro Digestion, and Bioaccessibility. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071414. [PMID: 35406288 PMCID: PMC9003268 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the influence of nanocellulose type (nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)) and concentrations (0.05–0.20%, w/w) on the physicochemical properties, microstructure, and in vitro digestion of β-carotene loaded emulsions and β-carotene bioaccessibility. The optimum conditions for the formation of stable β-carotene loaded emulsions were found when NCC was used as a stabilizer at a concentration of 0.2% w/w. This was due to the rod-shaped structure of NCC, which led to more stable emulsions with smaller droplet size and reduced flocculation. During the in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, NFC emulsions at increased concentrations were found to retard free fatty acid (FFA) release from the emulsions and reduce the bioaccessibility of β-carotene. On the other hand, NCC emulsions at concentrations of 0.2% w/w promoted lipolysis and demonstrated highest β-carotene bioavailability. Hence, these emulsions could be used for the delivery of β-carotene with potential applications in the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals.
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Ultrasound-assisted natural deep eutectic solvent extraction of anthocyanin from black carrots: Optimization, cytotoxicity, in-vitro bioavailability and stability. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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20
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21
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Huang L, Li D, Ma Y, Liu Y, Liu G, Wang Y, Tan B. Dietary fatty acid-mediated protein encapsulation simultaneously improving the water-solubility, storage stability, and oral absorption of astaxanthin. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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22
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Sanse Powder Essential Oil Nanoemulsion Negatively Regulates TRPA1 by AMPK/mTOR Signaling in Synovitis: Knee Osteoarthritis Rat Model and Fibroblast-Like Synoviocyte Isolates. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:4736670. [PMID: 34876884 PMCID: PMC8645395 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4736670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Synovitis is the primary driving factor for the occurrence and development of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) and plays a crucial role during this process. Our previous works revealed that transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) ion channels mediate the amplification of KOA synovitis. In recent years, essential oils have been proved to have blocking effect on transient receptor potential channels. Meanwhile, the therapeutic effect of Sanse Powder on KOA synovitis has been confirmed in clinical trials and basic studies; although, the mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, Sanse Powder essential oil nanoemulsion (SP-NEs) was prepared, and then chemical composition, physicochemical properties, and stability were investigated. Besides, both in MIA-induced KOA rats and in LPS-stimulated FLSs, we investigated whether SP-NES could alleviate KOA synovitis by interfering with AMP-activated protein kinase- (AMPK-) mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), an energy sensing pathway proved to negatively regulate the TRPA1. Our research shows that the top three substances in SP-NEs were tumerone, delta-cadinene, and Ar-tumerone, which accounted for 51.62% of the total, and should be considered as the main pharmacodynamic ingredient. Less inflammatory cell infiltration and type I collagen deposition were found in the synovial tissue of KOA rats treated with SP-NEs, as well as the downregulated expressions of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and TRPA1. Besides, SP-NEs increased the phosphorylation level of AMPK and decreased the phosphorylation level of mTOR in the KOA model, and SP-NEs also upregulated expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) and PPARγ coactivator-1α and downstream signaling molecules of AMPK-mTOR in vivo and in vitro. To conclude, a kind of Chinese herbal medicine for external use which is effective in treating synovitis of KOA was extracted and prepared into essential oil nanoemulsion with stable properties in the present study. It may alleviate synovitis in experimental KOA through the negative regulation of TRPA1 by AMPK-mTOR signaling.
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23
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Liu S, Zhang J, Fu R, Feng H, Chu Y, Huang D, Liu H, Li C, Ma C, Abd El-Aty AM. Improved stability and aqueous solubility of β-carotene via encapsulation in self-assembled bioactive oleanolic acid nanoparticles. Food Chem 2021; 373:131498. [PMID: 34753075 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Poor water solubility and stability of β-carotene (Car) greatly hinder its application in foods. Herein, naturally occurring bioactive oleanolic acid (OA) was used as a nanocarrier to overcome these shortcomings by fabricating Car-loaded OA nanoparticles (Car/OA NPs). Through optimization, the encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity reached 80.7% and 32.6%, respectively. Systematic characterization suggested that Car was successfully encapsulated, and hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions are the main forces facilitating the self-assembly and encapsulation. Compared with free Car, Car/OA NPs exhibited significantly improved water dispersibility and enhanced stability against UV radiation, heat, ionic strength, and acidic conditions. Further, Car/OA NPs provided gastric protection, delayed-release in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and controlled release in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). Additionally, both OA NPs and Car/OA NPs showed markedly inherent hepatoprotective effects. This work demonstrates that OA NPs can be used as inherent bioactive nanocarriers to deliver hydrophobic nutrients and bioactive food components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Liu
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rao Fu
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hao Feng
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yibing Chu
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dong Huang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Han Liu
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chaonan Li
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chao Ma
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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24
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Huang L, Lu X, Zhang L, Liang P. Insight into the emulsifying properties of DHA-enriched phospholipids from large yellow croaker (Larimichthys Crocea) roe. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Li J, Wang C, Chang C, Jiao H, Su Y, Gu L, Yang Y, Yu H. Changes in stability and in vitro digestion of egg-protein stabilized emulsions and β-carotene gels in the presence of sodium tripolyphosphate. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:5591-5598. [PMID: 33709411 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Egg proteins are effective emulsifiers and gelators in food systems. However, the physicochemical stability and control release properties of egg-protein stabilized emulsions and gels need to be further improved. The potential of sodium tripolyphosphate (St) to improve the functionality of egg proteins was evaluated. RESULTS The emulsions with St had smaller particle sizes and higher zeta potential, leading to better physical stability. Furthermore, the oxidation stability increased with increasing St contents, possibly due to its metal chelating capacity and the improved emulsifying activity of whole-egg dispersions. Phosphate had a positive impact on the chemical stability of β-carotene in whole-egg liquids and gels, decreasing the degradation during thermal treatment. The gel made with St was firm and broke down slowly, leading to a low rate of digestion and β-carotene release in simulated gastric fluid. CONCLUSION This study shows that St is useful to improve the egg proteins stabilized emulsions and gels, which is applicable in the development of emulsion-based food grade gel products. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chenying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Cuihua Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Han Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yujie Su
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Luping Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- School of Engineering, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
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26
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Rahimi P, Hosseini E, Rousta E, Bostar H. Digestibility and stability of ultrasound-treated fish oil emulsions prepared by water-soluble bitter almond gum glycated with caseinate. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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27
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Kyriakoudi A, Spanidi E, Mourtzinos I, Gardikis K. Innovative Delivery Systems Loaded with Plant Bioactive Ingredients: Formulation Approaches and Applications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1238. [PMID: 34207139 PMCID: PMC8234206 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plants constitute a rich source of diverse classes of valuable phytochemicals (e.g., phenolic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, alkaloids) with proven biological activity (e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, etc.). However, factors such as low stability, poor solubility and bioavailability limit their food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical applications. In this regard, a wide range of delivery systems have been developed to increase the stability of plant-derived bioactive compounds upon processing, storage or under gastrointestinal digestion conditions, to enhance their solubility, to mask undesirable flavors as well as to efficiently deliver them to the target tissues where they can exert their biological activity and promote human health. In the present review, the latest advances regarding the design of innovative delivery systems for pure plant bioactive compounds, extracts or essential oils, in order to overcome the above-mentioned challenges, are presented. Moreover, a broad spectrum of applications along with future trends are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Kyriakoudi
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (I.M.)
| | - Eleni Spanidi
- APIVITA SA, Industrial Park, Markopoulo, 19003 Athens, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Mourtzinos
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (I.M.)
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Sridhar K, Inbaraj BS, Chen BH. Recent Advances on Nanoparticle Based Strategies for Improving Carotenoid Stability and Biological Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:713. [PMID: 33946470 PMCID: PMC8147144 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural pigments widely used in food industries due to their health-promoting properties. However, the presence of long-chain conjugated double bonds are responsible for chemical instability, poor water solubility, low bioavailability and high susceptibility to oxidation. The application of a nanoencapsulation technique has thus become a vital means to enhance stability of carotenoids under physiological conditions due to their small particle size, high aqueous solubility and improved bioavailability. This review intends to overview the advances in preparation, characterization, biocompatibility and application of nanocarotenoids reported in research/review papers published in peer-reviewed journals over the last five years. More specifically, nanocarotenoids were prepared from both carotenoid extracts and standards by employing various preparation techniques to yield different nanostructures including nanoemulsions, nanoliposomes, polymeric/biopolymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid nanoparticles, supercritical fluid-based nanoparticles and metal/metal oxide nanoparticles. Stability studies involved evaluation of physical stability and/or chemical stability under different storage conditions and heating temperatures for varied lengths of time, while the release behavior and bioaccessibility were determined by various in vitro digestion and absorption models as well as bioavailability through elucidating pharmacokinetics in an animal model. Moreover, application of nanocarotenoids for various biological applications including antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, antiaging, cosmetics, diabetic wound healing and hepatic steatosis were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bing-Huei Chen
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan; (K.S.); or (B.S.I.)
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Maurya VK, Shakya A, Aggarwal M, Gothandam KM, Bohn T, Pareek S. Fate of β-Carotene within Loaded Delivery Systems in Food: State of Knowledge. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:426. [PMID: 33802152 PMCID: PMC8001630 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has opened new opportunities for delivering bioactive agents. Their physiochemical characteristics, i.e., small size, high surface area, unique composition, biocompatibility and biodegradability, make these nanomaterials an attractive tool for β-carotene delivery. Delivering β-carotene through nanoparticles does not only improve its bioavailability/bioaccumulation in target tissues, but also lessens its sensitivity against environmental factors during processing. Regardless of these benefits, nanocarriers have some limitations, such as variations in sensory quality, modification of the food matrix, increasing costs, as well as limited consumer acceptance and regulatory challenges. This research area has rapidly evolved, with a plethora of innovative nanoengineered materials now being in use, including micelles, nano/microemulsions, liposomes, niosomes, solidlipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipids and nanostructured carriers. These nanodelivery systems make conventional delivery systems appear archaic and promise better solubilization, protection during processing, improved shelf-life, higher bioavailability as well as controlled and targeted release. This review provides information on the state of knowledge on β-carotene nanodelivery systems adopted for developing functional foods, depicting their classifications, compositions, preparation methods, challenges, release and absorption of β-carotene in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and possible risks and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Kumar Maurya
- Department of Basic and Applied Science, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat 131 028, Haryana, India; (V.K.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Amita Shakya
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat 131 028, Haryana, India;
| | - Manjeet Aggarwal
- Department of Basic and Applied Science, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat 131 028, Haryana, India; (V.K.M.); (M.A.)
| | | | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg;
| | - Sunil Pareek
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat 131 028, Haryana, India;
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McClements DJ, Öztürk B. Utilization of Nanotechnology to Improve the Handling, Storage and Biocompatibility of Bioactive Lipids in Food Applications. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020365. [PMID: 33567622 PMCID: PMC7915003 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive lipids, such as fat-soluble vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids, carotenoids and phytosterols play an important role in boosting human health and wellbeing. These lipophilic substances cannot be synthesized within the human body, and so people must include them in their diet. There is increasing interest in incorporating these bioactive lipids into functional foods designed to produce certain health benefits, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer and cholesterol-lowering properties. However, many of these lipids have poor compatibility with food matrices and low bioavailability because of their extremely low water solubility. Moreover, they may also chemically degrade during food storage or inside the human gut because they are exposed to certain stressors, such as high temperatures, oxygen, light, moisture, pH, and digestive/metabolic enzymes, which again reduces their bioavailability. Nanotechnology is a promising technology that can be used to overcome many of these limitations. The aim of this review is to highlight different kinds of nanoscale delivery systems that have been designed to encapsulate and protect bioactive lipids, thereby facilitating their handling, stability, food matrix compatibility, and bioavailability. These systems include nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), nanoliposomes, nanogels, and nano-particle stabilized Pickering emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Department of Food Science & Bioengineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Bengü Öztürk
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul 34755, Turkey;
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Assis RQ, Pagno CH, Stoll L, Rios PD, Rios ADO, Olivera FC. Active food packaging of cellulose acetate: Storage stability, protective effect on oxidation of riboflavin and release in food simulants. Food Chem 2021; 349:129140. [PMID: 33582545 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this work, cellulose acetate films were prepared with the incorporation of different carotenoids (lycopene, norbixin, and zeaxanthin). The effect of adding these natural antioxidants was evaluated through stability during storage under controlled conditions (temperature and light), degradation rate coefficient, release in food simulants and protective effect on oxidation of vitamin B2. During storage at 25 °C or 40 °C the light showed a greater effect on the stability of the carotenoids, with significant increase in reaction constants (k) and decrease in half-life (t1/2). The degradation of the carotenoids was followed by a variation in the color parameters and mechanical properties. The films with norbixin showed the highest barrier to the transmission of UV-Vis light, consequently preserving 72% of a vitamin B2 stored under a photooxidative environment. Lycopene presented a higher release rate than norbixin and zeaxanthin to a fatty food simulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Queiroz Assis
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Campus do Vale, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Pagno
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Campus do Vale, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Liana Stoll
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Campus do Vale, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Polliana D'Angelo Rios
- Department of Forest Engineering, State University of Santa Catarina (UDESC), Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, 88520-000 Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Alessandro de Oliveira Rios
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Campus do Vale, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Florencia Cladera Olivera
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Campus do Vale, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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de Abreu Martins HH, Turmo-Ibarz A, Hilsdorf Piccoli R, Martín-Belloso O, Salvia-Trujillo L. Influence of lipid nanoparticle physical state on β-carotene stability kinetics under different environmental conditions. Food Funct 2021; 12:840-851. [PMID: 33404565 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01980a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are lipophilic compounds that provide important health-related benefits for human body functions. However, they have low water solubility and chemical stability, hence their incorporation in aqueous-based foods requires the use of emulsion-based lipid carriers. This work aimed at elucidating whether their inclusion in emulsion-based Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) can provide a protective effect against β-carotene degradation under different environmental conditions in comparison to liquid lipid nanoemulsions. Glyceryl Stearate (GS) was mixed with Medium Chain Trygliceride (MCT) oil to formulate SLNs. SLNs presented a significantly enhanced β-carotene retention and a slower β-carotene degradation kinetics at increasing storage temperature, acidic conditions and light exposure. In fact, SLNs formulated with 5% GS in the lipid phase and stored at 4 °C and pH 7 retained almost 70% of the initially encapsulated β-carotene after 55 days of storage, while it was completely degraded when it was encapsulated in liquid nanoemulsions. Moreover, it was observed that the solid lipid type affects the protective effect that SLNs may confer to the encapsulated lipophilic bioactives. Saturated long chain triglycerides, such as hydrogenated palm oil (HPO) presented slower and lower β-carotene degradation kinetics in comparison to solid lipids composed of MCT, such as Coconut Oil (CNUT) or MCT + 5% of GS in the lipid phase. This work evidences that the incorporation of lipophilic bioactive compounds, such as β-carotene, into SLNs slows down their degradation kinetics which might be attributed to a reduced diffusion of the oxidative species due to the lipid crystalline structure.
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Myint KZ, Yu Q, Xia Y, Qing J, Zhu S, Fang Y, Shen J. Bioavailability and antioxidant activity of nanotechnology-based botanic antioxidants. J Food Sci 2021; 86:284-292. [PMID: 33438274 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Botanic bioactive substances have issues with their solubility, stability, and oral bioavailability in the application, which could be improved by nanotechnologies. In another hands, green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) with plant extract is also a promising technology for preparation of NPs due to its safety advantage, yet the bioactive botanic substances that could be more than the assistant of the green synthesis of NPs. Based on the above concerns, this review summarized the preparation of botanic NPs with various plant extract, their solubility, stability, and oral bioavailability; specific attention has been paid to the botanic Ag/Au NPs, their capacity of antioxidant, bioavailability, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaing Zar Myint
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Qiannan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yongmei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jiu Qing
- Nantong Acetic Acid Chemical Co. Ltd., 968 Jiangshan Road Nantong Economic and Technological Development Zone, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226017, China
| | - Song Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yun Fang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
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Comparison of Different Protein Emulsifiers on Physicochemical Properties of β-Carotene-Loaded Nanoemulsion: Effect on Formation, Stability, and In Vitro Digestion. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11010167. [PMID: 33440816 PMCID: PMC7826833 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, β-carotene-loaded nanoemulsions are emulsified using four biomacromolecular proteins-peanut protein isolate (PPI), soy protein isolate (SPI), rice bran protein isolate (RBPI), and whey protein isolate (WPI)-in order to explore their emulsion stability and in vitro digestion characteristics. All four nanoemulsions attained high encapsulation levels (over 90%). During the three-stage in vitro digestion model (including oral, gastric, and small intestine digestion phases), the PPI-emulsified nanoemulsion showed the highest lipolysis rates (117.39%) and bioaccessibility (37.39%) among the four nanoemulsions. Moreover, the PPI-emulsified nanoemulsion (with the smallest droplet size) also demonstrated the highest stability during storage and centrifugation, while those for the RBPI-emulsified nanoemulsion (with the largest droplet size) were the lowest. In addition, all four nanoemulsions showed superior oxidation stability when compared with the blank control of corn oil. The oxidation rates of the PPI- and WPI-stabilized groups were slower than the other two groups.
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Ashaolu TJ. Nanoemulsions for health, food, and cosmetics: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2021; 19:3381-3395. [PMID: 33746662 PMCID: PMC7956871 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-021-01216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanoemulsions are gaining importance in healthcare and cosmetics sectors as a result of the unique properties of nanosized droplets, such as high surface area. Here we review nanotechnology and nanoemulsions with focus on emulsifiers and nanoemulsifiers, and applications for drugs and vaccines delivery, cancer therapy, inflammation treatment, cosmetics, perfumes, polymers, and food. We discuss nanoemulsion safety and properties, e.g., stability, emulsification, solubility, molecular number and arrangements, ionic strength, pH and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolulope Joshua Ashaolu
- Institute of Research and Development, Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000 Vietnam
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36
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Effect of environmental stresses on physicochemical properties of ALA oil-in-water nanoemulsion system prepared by emulsion phase inversion. Food Chem 2020; 343:128475. [PMID: 33168257 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To solve the stability and oxidation issues of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), this study focused on developing ALA nanoemulsion system (ALA-NE, oil-in-water) and evaluating the effect of environmental conditions on physical stability and the effect of antioxidants on oxidative stability. The physicochemical properties of nanoemulsions were measured at different conditions, including particle diameter, zeta potential, retention rate and peroxidation value (POV). The particle diameter increased significantly and the retention rate decreased after 25 days storage under the conditions of high temperature and metal ions. However, the influence of ionic strength, pH and light was insignificant. As an antioxidant, Vitamin E was more effective at retarding lipid oxidation of nanoemulsions than that of vitamin C. These results provided reference information in preparing effective and stable ALA-NE systems and enlarging the application fields.
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Hong L, Pliss AM, Zhan Y, Zheng W, Xia J, Liu L, Qu J, Prasad PN. Perfluoropolyether Nanoemulsion Encapsulating Chlorin e6 for Sonodynamic and Photodynamic Therapy of Hypoxic Tumor. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2058. [PMID: 33086490 PMCID: PMC7603101 DOI: 10.3390/nano10102058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has emerged as an important modality for cancer treatment. SDT utilizes ultrasound excitation, which overcomes the limitations of light penetration in deep tumors, as encountered by photodynamic therapy (PDT) which uses optical excitations. A comparative study of these modalities using the same sensitizer drug can provide an assessment of their effects. However, the efficiency of SDT and PDT is low in a hypoxic tumor environment, which limits their applications. In this study, we report a hierarchical nanoformulation which contains a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved sensitizer chlorin, e6, and a uniquely stable high loading capacity oxygen carrier, perfluoropolyether. This oxygen carrier possesses no measurable cytotoxicity. It delivers oxygen to overcome hypoxia, and at the same time, boosts the efficiency of both SDT and PDT. Moreover, we comparatively analyzed the efficiency of SDT and PDT for tumor treatment throughout the depth of the tissue. Our study demonstrates that the strengths of PDT and SDT could be combined into a single multifunctional nanoplatform, which works well in the hypoxia environment and overcomes the limitations of each modality. The combination of deep tissue penetration by ultrasound and high spatial activation by light for selective treatment of single cells will significantly enhance the scope for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
| | - Artem M. Pliss
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, NY 14260, USA;
| | - Ye Zhan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, NY 14260, USA; (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Wenhan Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, NY 14260, USA; (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Jun Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, NY 14260, USA; (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Liwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
| | - Paras N. Prasad
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, NY 14260, USA;
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Banasaz S, Morozova K, Ferrentino G, Scampicchio M. Encapsulation of Lipid-Soluble Bioactives by Nanoemulsions. Molecules 2020; 25:E3966. [PMID: 32878137 PMCID: PMC7504786 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid-soluble bioactives are important nutrients in foods. However, their addition in food formulations, is often limited by limited solubility and high tendency for oxidation. Lipid-soluble bioactives, such as vitamins A, E, D and K, carotenoids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and essential oils are generally dispersed in water-based solutions by homogenization. Among the different homogenization technologies available, nanoemulsions are one of the most promising. Accordingly, this review aims to summarize the most recent advances in nanoemulsion technology for the encapsulation of lipid-soluble bioactives. Modern approaches for producing nanoemulsion systems will be discussed. In addition, the challenges on the encapsulation of common food ingredients, including the physical and chemical stability of the nanoemulsion systems, will be also critically examined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ksenia Morozova
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (S.B.); (G.F.); (M.S.)
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Teng F, He M, Xu J, Chen F, Wu C, Wang Z, Li Y. Effect of ultrasonication on the stability and storage of a soy protein isolate-phosphatidylcholine nanoemulsions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14010. [PMID: 32814779 PMCID: PMC7438485 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine-soybean protein isolate (PC-SPI) nanoemulsions were prepared by ultrasonication. The effects of preparation conditions (SPI and PC addition, ultrasonic power and time) on the structural properties of the nanoemulsions and their storage stability were investigated. The results showed that the most optimal adsorption capacity and adsorption tightness at the oil-water interface under optimal conditions (1.5% SPI, 0.20% PC, 500 W ultrasonic power and 9 min ultrasonic time) were exhibited by the SPI-PC conjugate, which demonstrated that this nanoemulsions can be categorized as a high-quality emulsion suitable for research. To test its stability, and the high-quality nanoemulsion of β-carotene was stored. After degradation of the nanoemulsions during storage, β-carotene was released. The β-carotene retention rate of the high-quality emulsion was maintained above 86% at different temperatures in the absence of light for up to 30 days. This study provides new information for the development of transport and stability systems for nanoemulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Teng
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mingyu He
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fanfan Chen
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Changling Wu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhongjiang Wang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China.
- Harbin Institute of Food Industry, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China.
- Heilongjiang Academy of Green Food Science, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China.
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40
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Karthik P, Ettelaie R, Chen J. Oral behaviour of emulsions stabilized by mixed monolayer. Food Res Int 2019; 125:108603. [PMID: 31554053 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Controlled flavour release is highly important for the formulation of food emulsions. However, manipulating oral behavior and maintaining the stability of the flavoured emulsion is quite challenging. Hence, this study aims to investigate the effect of emulsion stability and oral behaviour using mixed emulsifier monolayers of different nature for their controlled flavour release. Orange oil flavoured (0.1% orange oil +10% sunflower oil) oil-in-water emulsions were prepared by microfluidization through modified starch (MS) and whey protein isolate (WPI) with different mass ratios (0.5:0.5, 0.5:1, 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:0 and 0:1) of emulsifiers. The fabricated emulsions were <0.13 μm in size (d32) with stable oil droplets having strong negative charges. The 0.5:0.5 and 0:1 emulsion were depicted an increase in size d32 (1.17 and 0.93 μm) and unstable during storage at 28 ± 1 °C than the emulsions stored at 4 ± 0.1 °C. All the emulsions were exhibited Newtonian flow; however once mixed with artificial saliva, the 1:0 emulsion showed shear thinning behaviour. During oral processing, in-vitro and in-vivo exhibited flocculation and coalescence; subsequently, structural deformation was observed with an increase in size (d32) and weak negative charge in 1:0.5 and 1:0 emulsions. Backscattering profile revealed more destabilization for 1:0 and less for 1:0.5 emulsions. Contrarily, other emulsions did not show any changes. Therefore, oral processing of emulsions results suggested that 1:0 had quick destabilization and 1:0.5 changed gradually. Thus, mixed emulsifier monolayer contributed significantly to the behavior of emulsions when interacting with saliva and it can be useful for controlled flavour release.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Karthik
- Food Oral Processing Laboratory, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Rammile Ettelaie
- Food Colloids Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jianshe Chen
- Food Oral Processing Laboratory, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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Abstract
Nanotechnology, particularly nanoemulsions (NEs), have gained increasing interest from researchers throughout the years. The small-sized droplet with a high surface area makes NEs important in many industries. In this review article, the components, properties, formation, and applications are summarized. The advantages and disadvantages are also described in this article. The formation of the nanosized emulsion can be divided into two types: high and low energy methods. In high energy methods, high-pressure homogenization, microfluidization, and ultrasonic emulsification are described thoroughly. Spontaneous emulsification, phase inversion temperature (PIT), phase inversion composition (PIC), and the less known D-phase emulsification (DPE) methods are emphasized in low energy methods. The applications of NEs are described in three main areas which are food, cosmetics, and drug delivery.
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