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Qu D, Schürmann P, Rothämel T, Fleßner J, Rehberg D, Dörk T, Klintschar M. Revisiting the association of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) with polymorphisms of NHE3 and IL13. Int J Legal Med 2024; 138:743-749. [PMID: 38091065 PMCID: PMC11003888 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-03139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Disturbances of the central nervous system and immune system are thought to play a role in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Dysregulated expression of sodium (Na+)/hydrogen (H+) exchanger 3 (NHE3) in the brainstem and of interleukin 13 (IL13) in the lungs has been observed in SIDS. An association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in NHE3 and IL13 with SIDS has been proposed, but controversial results were reported. Therefore, there is a need to revisit the association of SNPs in NHE3 and IL13 with SIDS. METHODS Genotyping of rs71597645 (G1131A) and rs2247114 (C2405T) in NHE3 and rs20541 (+ 4464A/G) in IL13 was performed in 201 SIDS cases and 338 controls. A meta-analysis was performed after merging our data with previously published data (all from European populations). RESULTS Polymorphisms rs2247114 (NHE3) and rs20541 (IL13) were significantly associated with SIDS overall and in multiple subgroups, but no association was found for rs71597645 (NHE3). After combining our data with previously published data, a fixed-effect meta-analysis showed that rs2247114 in NHE3 retained a significant association with SIDS under a recessive model (OR 2.78, 95%CI 1.53 to 5.06; p = 0.0008). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest an association of NHE3 variant rs2247114 (C2405T), though not rs71597645 (NHE3), with SIDS. A potential role of rs20541 (IL13) still has to be elucidated. Especially NHE3 seems to be an interesting topic for future SIDS research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Qu
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Schürmann
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Rothämel
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jessica Fleßner
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniela Rehberg
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Klintschar
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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Keywan C, Poduri AH, Goldstein RD, Holm IA. Genetic Factors Underlying Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2021; 14:61-76. [PMID: 33623412 PMCID: PMC7894824 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s239478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sudden Infant Death syndrome (SIDS) is a diagnosis of exclusion. Decades of research have made steady gains in understanding plausible mechanisms of terminal events. Current evidence suggests SIDS includes heterogeneous biological conditions, such as metabolic, cardiac, neurologic, respiratory, and infectious conditions. Here we review genetic studies that address each of these areas in SIDS cases and cohorts, providing a broad view of the genetic underpinnings of this devastating phenomenon. The current literature has established a role for monogenic genetic causes of SIDS mortality in a subset of cases. To expand upon our current knowledge of disease-causing genetic variants in SIDS cohorts and their mechanisms, future genetic studies may employ functional assessments of implicated variants, broader genetic tests, and the inclusion of parental genetic data and family history information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Keywan
- Robert's Program for Sudden Unexpected Death in Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Annapurna H Poduri
- Robert's Program for Sudden Unexpected Death in Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard D Goldstein
- Robert's Program for Sudden Unexpected Death in Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ingrid A Holm
- Robert's Program for Sudden Unexpected Death in Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, and Manton Center for Orphan Diseases Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Ferrante L, Opdal SH. Sudden infant death syndrome and the genetics of inflammation. Front Immunol 2015; 6:63. [PMID: 25750641 PMCID: PMC4335605 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies report signs of slight infection prior to death in cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Based on this, a hypothesis of an altered immunological homeostasis has been postulated. The cytokines are important cellular mediators that are crucial for infant health by regulating cell activity during the inflammatory process. The pro-inflammatory cytokines favor inflammation; the most important of these are IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-18, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. These cytokines are controlled by the anti-inflammatory cytokines. This is accomplished by reducing the pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and thus counteracts their biological effect. The major anti-inflammatory cytokines are interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-4, IL-10, IL-11, and IL-13. The last decade there has been focused on genetic studies within genes that are important for the immune system, for SIDS with a special interest of the genes encoding the cytokines. This is because the cytokine genes are considered to be the genes most likely to explain the vulnerability to infection, and several studies have investigated these genes in an attempt to uncover associations between SIDS and different genetic variants. So far, the genes encoding IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α are the most investigated within SIDS research, and several studies indicate associations between specific variants of these genes and SIDS. Taken together, this may indicate that in at least a subset of SIDS predisposing genetic variants of the immune genes are involved. However, the immune system and the cytokine network are complex, and more studies are needed in order to better understand the interplay between different genetic variations and how this may contribute to an unfavorable immunological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Ferrante
- Department of Research in Forensic Pathology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health , Oslo , Norway
| | - Siri Hauge Opdal
- Department of Research in Forensic Pathology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health , Oslo , Norway ; Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
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Forensische Molekularpathologie. Rechtsmedizin (Berl) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00194-014-0975-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Tang Y, Siegel D, Sampson B. Molecular Investigations of Sudden Unexplained Deaths. Acad Forensic Pathol 2011. [DOI: 10.23907/2011.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Sudden unexplained deaths in apparently healthy individuals (newborn through adult) pose a vexing challenge to medical examiners, law enforcement and society as a whole. Recent advances in “molecular autopsies” have begun to uncover the mystery surrounding sudden unexplained deaths by identifying mutations that can result in or predispose an apparently healthy individual to sudden death. Genetic risks of sudden unexplained deaths have been studied from several different perspectives, and categorized generally by systems, including: cardiac, nervous, immune, and metabolic. This article reviews the genetic risks in sudden unexplained deaths, presents the current state and challenges of molecular investigations, and sheds light on future directions in sudden unexplained death investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Tang
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory in the New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner and Forensic Medicine Department at New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Donald Siegel
- New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner, and Forensic Medicine Department at New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York (DS, BS)
| | - Barbara Sampson
- New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner, and Forensic Medicine Department at New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York (DS, BS)
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