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Chidambaram SB, Anand N, Varma SR, Ramamurthy S, Vichitra C, Sharma A, Mahalakshmi AM, Essa MM. Superoxide dismutase and neurological disorders. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:373-394. [PMID: 39007083 PMCID: PMC11240301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a common antioxidant enzyme found majorly in living cells. The main physiological role of SOD is detoxification and maintain the redox balance, acts as a first line of defence against Reactive nitrogen species (RNS), Reactive oxygen species (ROS), and other such potentially hazardous molecules. SOD catalyses the conversion of superoxide anion free radicals (O 2 -.) into molecular oxygen (O 2) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) in the cells. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are expressed in neurons and glial cells throughout the CNS both intracellularly and extracellularly. Endogenous oxidative stress (OS) linked with enlarged production of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs), inflammation, deregulation of redox balance, mitochondrial dysfunction and bioenergetic crisis are found to be prerequisite for neuronal loss in neurological diseases. Clinical and genetic studies indicate a direct correlation between mutations in SOD gene and neurodegenerative diseases, like Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Therefore, inhibitors of OS are considered as an optimistic approach to prevent neuronal loss. SOD mimetics like Metalloporphyrin Mn (II)-cyclic polyamines, Nitroxides and Mn (III)- Salen complexes are designed and used as therapeutic extensively in the treatment of neurological disorders. SODs and SOD mimetics are promising future therapeutics in the field of various diseases with OS-mediated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Nikhilesh Anand
- Department of Pharmacology, American University of Antigua College of Medicine, University Park, Jabberwock Beach Road, Antigua, Antigua and Barbuda
| | - Sudhir Rama Varma
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, 346 Ajman, the United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, 346 Ajman, the United Arab Emirates
| | - Srinivasan Ramamurthy
- College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, University of Science and Technology of Fujairah, 2202 Fujairah, the United Arab Emirates
| | - Chandrasekaran Vichitra
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Ambika Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Arehally M Mahalakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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2
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Tan KL, Lee HC, Cheah PS, Ling KH. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Down Syndrome: From Pathology to Therapy. Neuroscience 2023; 511:1-12. [PMID: 36496187 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunctions have been described in Down syndrome (DS) caused by either partial or full trisomy of chromosome 21 (HSA21). Mitochondria play a crucial role in various vital functions in eukaryotic cells, especially in energy production, calcium homeostasis and programmed cell death. The function of mitochondria is primarily regulated by genes encoded in the mitochondrion and nucleus. Many genes on HSA21 are involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and regulation of mitochondrial functions. This review highlights the HSA21 dosage-sensitive nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes associated with overexpression-related phenotypes seen in DS. This includes impaired mitochondrial dynamics, structural defects and dysregulated bioenergetic profiles such as OXPHOS deficiency and reduced ATP production. Various therapeutic approaches for modulating energy deficits in DS, effects and molecular mechanism of gene therapy and drugs that exert protective effects through modulation of mitochondrial function and attenuation of oxidative stress in DS cells were discussed. It is prudent that improving DS pathophysiological conditions or quality of life may be feasible by targeting something as simple as cellular mitochondrial biogenesis and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Leng Tan
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Han-Chung Lee
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pike-See Cheah
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Prutton KM, Marentette JO, Leifheit BA, Esquer H, LaBarbera DV, Anderson CC, Maclean KN, Roede JR. Oxidative stress as a candidate mechanism for accelerated neuroectodermal differentiation due to trisomy 21. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 186:32-42. [PMID: 35537597 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquity of cognitive deficits and early onset Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome (DS) has focused much DS iPSC-based research on neuron degeneration and regeneration. Despite reports of elevated oxidative stress in DS brains, few studies assess the impact of this oxidative burden on iPSC differentiation. Here, we evaluate cellular specific redox differences in DS and euploid iPSCs and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) during critical intermediate stages of differentiation. Despite successful generation of NPCs, our results indicate accelerated neuroectodermal differentiation of DS iPSCs compared to isogenic, euploid controls. Specifically, DS embryoid bodies (EBs) and neural rosettes prematurely develop with distinct morphological differences from controls. Additionally, we observed developmental stage-specific alterations in mitochondrial superoxide production and SOD1/2 abundance, coupled with modulations in thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase, and peroxiredoxin isoforms. Disruption of intracellular redox state and its associated signaling has the potential to disrupt cellular differentiation and development in DS lending to DS-specific phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra M Prutton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - John O Marentette
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Brice A Leifheit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Hector Esquer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Center for Drug Discovery, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Daniel V LaBarbera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Center for Drug Discovery, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Colin C Anderson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kenneth N Maclean
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - James R Roede
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Ferrari M, Stagi S. Oxidative Stress in Down and Williams-Beuren Syndromes: An Overview. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113139. [PMID: 34073948 PMCID: PMC8197362 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the result of an imbalance in the redox state in a cell or a tissue. When the production of free radicals, which are physiologically essential for signaling, exceeds the antioxidant capability, pathological outcomes including oxidative damage to macromolecules, aberrant signaling, and inflammation can occur. Down syndrome (DS) and Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) are well-known and common genetic conditions with multi-systemic involvement. Their etiology is linked to oxidative stress with important causative genes, such as SOD-1 and NCF-1, respectively, of the diseases being primarily involved in the regulation of the redox state. Early aging, dementia, autoimmunity, and chronic inflammation are some of the main characteristics of these conditions that can be associated with oxidative stress. In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in the possible role of oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathology of these conditions. However, at present, few studies have investigated these correlations. We provide an overview of the current literature concerning the role of oxidative stress and oxidative damage in genetic syndromes with a focus on Down syndrome and WBS. We hope to provide new insights to improve the management of complications related to these diseases.
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Tili E, Mezache L, Michaille JJ, Amann V, Williams J, Vandiver P, Quinonez M, Fadda P, Mikhail A, Nuovo G. microRNA 155 up regulation in the CNS is strongly correlated to Down's syndrome dementia. Ann Diagn Pathol 2018; 34:103-109. [PMID: 29661714 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the molecular correlates of Down's dementia. qRTPCR for chromosome 21 microRNAs was correlated with in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry for microRNA targets, mRNAs located on chromosome 21, and neurofibrillary tangles in human and the Ts65 dn mouse Down's model. qRTPCR for the microRNAs on the triplicated chromosome showed miR-155 dominance in brain tissues (14.3 fold increase, human and 24.2 fold increase, mouse model) that co-expressed with hyperphosphorylated tau protein. miR-155 was not elevated in Alzheimer's disease or neonates with Downs' syndrome. Chromosome 21 genes APP/BA-42, DYRK1a and BACH1 were not correlated to pathologic changes in Down's dementia. Validated CNS targets of miR-155 that were present in controls and Alzheimer's disease but lacking in Down's dementia brains included BACH1, CoREST1, bcl6, BIM, bcl10, cyclin D, and SAPK4. It is concluded that Down's dementia strongly correlated with overexpression of chromosome 21 microRNA 155 with concomitant reduction of multiple CNS-functional targets. This study highlights the need for anatomic pathologists to determine the specific and diverse pathways cells may take to form neurofibrillary tangles in the different dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmerina Tili
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Louisa Mezache
- Department of Neurosciences, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jean-Jacques Michaille
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; BioPerox-IL, UB-INSERM IFR #100, Universite de Bourgogne-Franche Comte, Faculte Gabriel, 6 Bd, Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Paolo Fadda
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Gerard Nuovo
- GNOME Diagnostics, Powell, OH 43065, USA; OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Barone E, Head E, Butterfield DA, Perluigi M. HNE-modified proteins in Down syndrome: Involvement in development of Alzheimer disease neuropathology. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 111:262-269. [PMID: 27838436 PMCID: PMC5639937 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), trisomy of chromosome 21, is the most common genetic form of intellectual disability. The neuropathology of DS involves multiple molecular mechanisms, similar to AD, including the deposition of beta-amyloid (Aβ) into senile plaques and tau hyperphosphorylationg in neurofibrillary tangles. Interestingly, many genes encoded by chromosome 21, in addition to being primarily linked to amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) pathology, are responsible for increased oxidative stress (OS) conditions that also result as a consequence of reduced antioxidant system efficiency. However, redox homeostasis is disturbed by overproduction of Aβ, which accumulates into plaques across the lifespan in DS as well as in AD, thus generating a vicious cycle that amplifies OS-induced intracellular changes. The present review describes the current literature that demonstrates the accumulation of oxidative damage in DS with a focus on the lipid peroxidation by-product, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE). HNE reacts with proteins and can irreversibly impair their functions. We suggest that among different post-translational modifications, HNE-adducts on proteins accumulate in DS brain and play a crucial role in causing the impairment of glucose metabolism, neuronal trafficking, protein quality control and antioxidant response. We hypothesize that dysfunction of these specific pathways contribute to accelerated neurodegeneration associated with AD neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Salud, Avenida Pedro de Valdivia 425, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
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7
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Could Perinatal Asphyxia Induce a Synaptopathy? New Highlights from an Experimental Model. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:3436943. [PMID: 28326198 PMCID: PMC5343259 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3436943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Birth asphyxia also termed perinatal asphyxia is an obstetric complication that strongly affects brain structure and function. Central nervous system is highly susceptible to oxidative damage caused by perinatal asphyxia while activation and maturity of the proper pathways are relevant to avoiding abnormal neural development. Perinatal asphyxia is associated with high morbimortality in term and preterm neonates. Although several studies have demonstrated a variety of biochemical and molecular pathways involved in perinatal asphyxia physiopathology, little is known about the synaptic alterations induced by perinatal asphyxia. Nearly 25% of the newborns who survive perinatal asphyxia develop neurological disorders such as cerebral palsy and certain neurodevelopmental and learning disabilities where synaptic connectivity disturbances may be involved. Accordingly, here we review and discuss the association of possible synaptic dysfunction with perinatal asphyxia on the basis of updated evidence from an experimental model.
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8
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Lei XG, Zhu JH, Cheng WH, Bao Y, Ho YS, Reddi AR, Holmgren A, Arnér ESJ. Paradoxical Roles of Antioxidant Enzymes: Basic Mechanisms and Health Implications. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:307-64. [PMID: 26681794 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00010.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are generated from aerobic metabolism, as a result of accidental electron leakage as well as regulated enzymatic processes. Because ROS/RNS can induce oxidative injury and act in redox signaling, enzymes metabolizing them will inherently promote either health or disease, depending on the physiological context. It is thus misleading to consider conventionally called antioxidant enzymes to be largely, if not exclusively, health protective. Because such a notion is nonetheless common, we herein attempt to rationalize why this simplistic view should be avoided. First we give an updated summary of physiological phenotypes triggered in mouse models of overexpression or knockout of major antioxidant enzymes. Subsequently, we focus on a series of striking cases that demonstrate "paradoxical" outcomes, i.e., increased fitness upon deletion of antioxidant enzymes or disease triggered by their overexpression. We elaborate mechanisms by which these phenotypes are mediated via chemical, biological, and metabolic interactions of the antioxidant enzymes with their substrates, downstream events, and cellular context. Furthermore, we propose that novel treatments of antioxidant enzyme-related human diseases may be enabled by deliberate targeting of dual roles of the pertaining enzymes. We also discuss the potential of "antioxidant" nutrients and phytochemicals, via regulating the expression or function of antioxidant enzymes, in preventing, treating, or aggravating chronic diseases. We conclude that "paradoxical" roles of antioxidant enzymes in physiology, health, and disease derive from sophisticated molecular mechanisms of redox biology and metabolic homeostasis. Simply viewing antioxidant enzymes as always being beneficial is not only conceptually misleading but also clinically hazardous if such notions underpin medical treatment protocols based on modulation of redox pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gen Lei
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jian-Hong Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wen-Hsing Cheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yongping Bao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ye-Shih Ho
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amit R Reddi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arne Holmgren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Cenini G, Fiorini A, Sultana R, Perluigi M, Cai J, Klein JB, Head E, Butterfield DA. An investigation of the molecular mechanisms engaged before and after the development of Alzheimer disease neuropathology in Down syndrome: a proteomics approach. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 76:89-95. [PMID: 25151119 PMCID: PMC4252833 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common causes of intellectual disability, owing to trisomy of all or part of chromosome 21. DS is also associated with the development of Alzheimer disease (AD) neuropathology after the age of 40 years. To better clarify the cellular and metabolic pathways that could contribute to the differences in DS brain, in particular those involved in the onset of neurodegeneration, we analyzed the frontal cortex of DS subjects with or without significant AD pathology in comparison with age-matched controls, using a proteomics approach. Proteomics represents an advantageous tool to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease. From these analyses, we investigated the effects that age, DS, and AD neuropathology could have on protein expression levels. Our results show overlapping and independent molecular pathways (including energy metabolism, oxidative damage, protein synthesis, and autophagy) contributing to DS, to aging, and to the presence of AD pathology in DS. Investigation of pathomechanisms involved in DS with AD may provide putative targets for therapeutic approaches to slow the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Cenini
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, and
| | - Ada Fiorini
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, and; Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rukhsana Sultana
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, and
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Jian Cai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Proteomics Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Jon B Klein
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Proteomics Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, and.
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10
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Perluigi M, Di Domenico F, Buttterfield DA. Unraveling the complexity of neurodegeneration in brains of subjects with Down syndrome: insights from proteomics. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:73-85. [PMID: 24259517 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201300066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common genetic causes of intellectual disability characterized by multiple pathological phenotypes, among which neurodegeneration is a key feature. The neuropathology of DS is complex and likely results from impaired mitochondrial function, increased oxidative stress, and altered proteostasis. After the age of 40 years, many (most) DS individuals develop a type of dementia that closely resembles that of Alzheimer's disease with deposition of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. A number of studies demonstrated that increased oxidative damage, accumulation of damaged/misfolded protein aggregates, and dysfunction of intracellular degradative systems are critical events in the neurodegenerative processes. This review summarizes the current knowledge that demonstrates a “chronic” condition of oxidative stress in DS pointing to the putative molecular pathways that could contribute to accelerate cognition and memory decline. Proteomics and redox proteomics studies are powerful tools to unravel the complexity of DS phenotypes, by allowing to identifying protein expression changes and oxidative PTMs that are proved to be detrimental for protein function. It is reasonable to suggest that changes in the cellular redox status in DS neurons, early from the fetal period, could provide a fertile environment upon which increased aging favors neurodegeneration. Thus, after a critical age, DS neuropathology can be considered a human model of early Alzheimer's disease and could contribute to understanding the overlapping mechanisms that lead from normal aging to development of dementia.
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11
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Gkikas I, Petratou D, Tavernarakis N. Longevity pathways and memory aging. Front Genet 2014; 5:155. [PMID: 24926313 PMCID: PMC4044971 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging process has been associated with numerous pathologies at the cellular, tissue, and organ level. Decline or loss of brain functions, including learning and memory, is one of the most devastating and feared aspects of aging. Learning and memory are fundamental processes by which animals adjust to environmental changes, evaluate various sensory signals based on context and experience, and make decisions to generate adaptive behaviors. Age-related memory impairment is an important phenotype of brain aging. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying age-related memory impairment is crucial for the development of therapeutic strategies that may eventually lead to the development of drugs to combat memory loss. Studies in invertebrate animal models have taught us much about the physiology of aging and its effects on learning and memory. In this review we survey recent progress relevant to conserved molecular pathways implicated in both aging and memory formation and consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Gkikas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion Crete, Greece
| | - Dionysia Petratou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion Crete, Greece
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion Crete, Greece ; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion Crete, Greece
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12
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Oxidative Stress and Down Syndrome: A Route toward Alzheimer-Like Dementia. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res 2011; 2012:724904. [PMID: 22203843 PMCID: PMC3235450 DOI: 10.1155/2012/724904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most frequent genetic abnormalities characterized by multiple pathological phenotypes. Indeed, currently life expectancy and quality of life for DS patients have improved, although with increasing age pathological dysfunctions are exacerbated and intellectual disability may lead to the development of Alzheimer's type dementia (AD). The neuropathology of DS is complex and includes the development of AD by middle age, altered free radical metabolism, and impaired mitochondrial function, both of which contribute to neuronal degeneration. Understanding the molecular basis that drives the development of AD is an intense field of research. Our laboratories are interested in understanding the role of oxidative stress as link between DS and AD. This review examines the current literature that showed oxidative damage in DS by identifying putative molecular pathways that play a central role in the neurodegenerative processes. In addition, considering the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative phenomena, results demonstrating the involvement of impaired mitochondria in DS pathology could contribute a direct link between normal aging and development of AD-like dementia in DS patients.
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13
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Xu C, Wang J, Li J, Fang R. Expression of elongation factor (EF)-Tu is correlated with prognosis of gastric adenocarcinomas. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:6645-55. [PMID: 22072909 PMCID: PMC3211000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12106645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered expressions of mitochondria elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) have been observed in certain types of cancers, including gastric cancer cell lines, but the impact of the alterations in gastric adenocarcinoma remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of EF-Tu in gastric adenocarcinoma and to assess its clinical significance. A total of 104 paired resected gastric adenocarcinoma and corresponding normal specimens were collected in this study. EF-Tu expression was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. The correlation of EF-Tu expression and patients’ clinicopathological parameters was statically evaluated and the prognostic significance of EF-Tu expression was assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Forty-nine out of 104 (47.1%) gastric adenocarcinoma specimens showed high expression of EF-Tu, while the remaining 55 specimens showed weak or negative expression of EF-Tu. In contrast, EF-Tu high expression was detected in 62.5% (65 of 104) normal tissues. Down-regulation of EF-Tu was associated with serosal invasion (P = 0.042) and node involvement (P = 0.005), and down-regulation of EF-Tu was correlated with poor overall survival (P = 0.020). In curative resection (R0) patients, there were also significant differences (P = 0.043). In the multivariate analysis, the EF-Tu expression remained a significant independent prognostic factor (P = 0.038). Our results indicate that EF-Tu is expressed in both gastric adenocarcinoma and corresponding normal tissues. Down-regulation of EF-Tu expression is associated with advanced disease stage and EF-Tu expression maybe served as an independent prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-571-86006912; Fax: +86-571-86044817
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Chunan County First Hospital, Chunan, Zhejiang, 311700, China; E-Mails: (J.W.); (R.F.)
| | - Jiajia Li
- Department of Surgery, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China; E-Mail: (J.L.)
| | - Rengui Fang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Chunan County First Hospital, Chunan, Zhejiang, 311700, China; E-Mails: (J.W.); (R.F.)
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14
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Massaad CA, Klann E. Reactive oxygen species in the regulation of synaptic plasticity and memory. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 14:2013-54. [PMID: 20649473 PMCID: PMC3078504 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The brain is a metabolically active organ exhibiting high oxygen consumption and robust production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The large amounts of ROS are kept in check by an elaborate network of antioxidants, which sometimes fail and lead to neuronal oxidative stress. Thus, ROS are typically categorized as neurotoxic molecules and typically exert their detrimental effects via oxidation of essential macromolecules such as enzymes and cytoskeletal proteins. Most importantly, excessive ROS are associated with decreased performance in cognitive function. However, at physiological concentrations, ROS are involved in functional changes necessary for synaptic plasticity and hence, for normal cognitive function. The fine line of role reversal of ROS from good molecules to bad molecules is far from being fully understood. This review focuses on identifying the multiple sources of ROS in the mammalian nervous system and on presenting evidence for the critical and essential role of ROS in synaptic plasticity and memory. The review also shows that the inability to restrain either age- or pathology-related increases in ROS levels leads to opposite, detrimental effects that are involved in impairments in synaptic plasticity and memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Massaad
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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15
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Patil SS, Boddul SV, Schlick K, Kang SU, Zehetmayer S, Höger H, Lubec G. Differences in hippocampal protein levels between C57Bl/6J, PWD/PhJ, and Apodemus sylvaticus are paralleled by differences in spatial memory. Hippocampus 2010; 21:714-23. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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16
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Yi H, Li XH, Yi B, Zheng J, Zhu G, Li C, Li MY, Zhang PF, Li JL, Chen ZC, Xiao ZQ. Identification of Rack1, EF-Tu and Rhodanese as Aging-Related Proteins in Human Colonic Epithelium by Proteomic Analysis. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:1416-23. [PMID: 20099848 DOI: 10.1021/pr9009386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yi
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xin-Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Bin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Guo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Cui Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Mao-Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Peng-Fei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jian-Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhu-Chu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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17
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Bastone A, Fumagalli E, Bigini P, Perini P, Bernardinello D, Cagnotto A, Mereghetti I, Curti D, Salmona M, Mennini T. Proteomic Profiling of Cervical and Lumbar Spinal Cord Reveals Potential Protective Mechanisms in the Wobbler Mouse, a Model of Motor Neuron Degeneration. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:5229-40. [DOI: 10.1021/pr900569d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bastone
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, “Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy, and Department of Legal Medicine, Forensic and Pharmaco-Toxicological Sciences “A. Fornari”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Fumagalli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, “Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy, and Department of Legal Medicine, Forensic and Pharmaco-Toxicological Sciences “A. Fornari”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Bigini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, “Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy, and Department of Legal Medicine, Forensic and Pharmaco-Toxicological Sciences “A. Fornari”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pietro Perini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, “Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy, and Department of Legal Medicine, Forensic and Pharmaco-Toxicological Sciences “A. Fornari”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Bernardinello
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, “Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy, and Department of Legal Medicine, Forensic and Pharmaco-Toxicological Sciences “A. Fornari”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alfredo Cagnotto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, “Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy, and Department of Legal Medicine, Forensic and Pharmaco-Toxicological Sciences “A. Fornari”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilario Mereghetti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, “Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy, and Department of Legal Medicine, Forensic and Pharmaco-Toxicological Sciences “A. Fornari”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Curti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, “Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy, and Department of Legal Medicine, Forensic and Pharmaco-Toxicological Sciences “A. Fornari”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mario Salmona
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, “Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy, and Department of Legal Medicine, Forensic and Pharmaco-Toxicological Sciences “A. Fornari”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Tiziana Mennini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, “Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy, and Department of Legal Medicine, Forensic and Pharmaco-Toxicological Sciences “A. Fornari”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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18
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Weitzdörfer R, Höger H, Shim KS, Cekici L, Pollak A, Lubec G. Changes of hippocampal signaling protein levels during postnatal brain development in the rat. Hippocampus 2008; 18:807-13. [PMID: 18493952 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Developmental regulation of individual signaling proteins in the brain has been reported, although no systematic approach to study postnatal signaling protein expression in the rat has been described. This formed the rationale to compare hippocampal protein levels in rat hippocampus at different developmental time points. Sprague-Dawley rats at 3 days, 3 weeks, and 3 months of age were used, hippocampi were extirpated, proteins extracted and run on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with subsequent identification of protein spots by mass spectrometry. Identified signaling proteins were quantified by specific software and for between group comparison Fisher's exact or Mann-Whitney U tests were applied. Annexin A3, GTP-binding nuclear protein RAN, phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein, adenylyl cyclase associated protein 1, Rho-associated protein kinase 1, nucleoside diphosphate kinase A, LIM, and SH3 domain protein 1 were developmentally regulated. High-abundance hippocampal signaling proteins from several cascades in three different postnatal stages are presented, showing temporal regulation of signaling protein levels that have not been described in literature so far. Results are relevant for design and interpretation of further studies at the protein level and, moreover, an analytical tool concomitantly determining regulation of a large series of signaling proteins in the hippocampus is provided. These data contribute to the understanding that different time points may use different signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Weitzdörfer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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19
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Weitzdörfer R, Höger H, Burda G, Pollak A, Lubec G. Differences in Hippocampal Protein Expression at 3 Days, 3 Weeks, and 3 Months Following Induction of Perinatal Asphyxia in the Rat. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:1945-52. [DOI: 10.1021/pr700835y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Weitzdörfer
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18, 1090 Vienna, Austria, and Division for Laboratory Animal Science and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Brauhausgasse 34, 2325 Himberg, Austria
| | - Harald Höger
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18, 1090 Vienna, Austria, and Division for Laboratory Animal Science and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Brauhausgasse 34, 2325 Himberg, Austria
| | - Gudrun Burda
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18, 1090 Vienna, Austria, and Division for Laboratory Animal Science and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Brauhausgasse 34, 2325 Himberg, Austria
| | - Arnold Pollak
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18, 1090 Vienna, Austria, and Division for Laboratory Animal Science and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Brauhausgasse 34, 2325 Himberg, Austria
| | - Gert Lubec
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18, 1090 Vienna, Austria, and Division for Laboratory Animal Science and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Brauhausgasse 34, 2325 Himberg, Austria
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20
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Mello CF, Sultana R, Piroddi M, Cai J, Pierce WM, Klein JB, Butterfield DA. Acrolein induces selective protein carbonylation in synaptosomes. Neuroscience 2007; 147:674-9. [PMID: 17570602 PMCID: PMC1987324 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2007] [Revised: 04/02/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Acrolein, the most reactive of the alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes, is endogenously produced by lipid peroxidation, and has been found increased in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Although it is known that acrolein increases total protein carbonylation and impairs the function of selected proteins, no study has addressed which proteins are selectively carbonylated by this aldehyde. In this study we investigated the effect of increasing concentrations of acrolein (0, 0.005, 0.05, 0.5, 5, 50 microM) on protein carbonylation in gerbil synaptosomes. In addition, we applied proteomics to identify synaptosomal proteins that were selectively carbonylated by 0.5 microM acrolein. Acrolein increased total protein carbonylation in a dose-dependent manner. Proteomic analysis (two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry) revealed that tropomyosin-3-gamma isoform 2, tropomyosin-5, beta-actin, mitochondrial Tu translation elongation factor (EF-Tu(mt)) and voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) were significantly carbonylated by acrolein. Consistent with the proteomics studies that have identified specifically oxidized proteins in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain, the proteins identified in this study are involved in a wide variety of cellular functions including energy metabolism, neurotransmission, protein synthesis, and cytoskeletal integrity. Our results suggest that acrolein may significantly contribute to oxidative damage in AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Mello
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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21
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Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are the major antioxidant enzymes that inactivate superoxide and thereby control oxidative stress as well as redox signaling. Transgenic mice overexpressing different isozymes of SOD have been used to study the effect of SOD overexpression on hippocampal synaptic plasticity and hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. Studies with transgenic and wild-type animals of different ages show that the function of SOD overexpression changes across the life span of an animal, and comparisons between animals that overexpress different SOD isozymes suggest that the functional value of overexpression as well as the mechanisms through which the respective functional values are effected vary depending on isozyme. The work discussed in this review has important implications for the use of antioxidant treatments and for our understanding of the role of superoxide in physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoying Hu
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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22
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Pollak DD, John J, Hoeger H, Lubec G. An integrated map of the murine hippocampal proteome based upon five mouse strains. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:2787-98. [PMID: 16817167 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of proteomics technologies it is possible to simultaneously demonstrate the expression of hundreds of proteins. The information offered by proteomics provides context-based understanding of cellular protein networks and has been proven to be a valuable approach in neuroscience studies. The mouse hippocampus has been a major target of analysis in the search for molecular correlates to neuronal information storage. Although human and rat hippocampal samples have been successfully subjected to proteomic profiling, no elaborate analysis providing the fundamental experimental basis for protein-expression studies in the mouse hippocampus has been carried out as yet. This led us to construct a master map generated from the individual hippocampal proteomes of five different mouse strains. A proteomic approach, based upon 2-DE coupled to MS (MALDI-TOF/TOF) has been chosen in an attempt to establish a comprehensive reference database of proteins expressed in the mouse hippocampus. 469 individual proteins, represented by 1156 spots displaying various functional states of the respective gene products were identified. Proteomic profiling of the hippocampus, a brain region with a pivotal role for neuronal information processing and storage may provide insight into the characteristics of proteins serving this highly sophisticated function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela D Pollak
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neuroscience, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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23
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Meloni BP, Tilbrook PA, Boulos S, Arthur PG, Knuckey NW. Erythropoietin preconditioning in neuronal cultures: signaling, protection from in vitro ischemia, and proteomic analysis. J Neurosci Res 2006; 83:584-93. [PMID: 16435392 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this study we confirmed the presence of the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor on both cultured cortical neurons and PC12 cells and showed that EPO can induce changes in p38, ERK, and JNK signaling molecules in these cells. We induced EPO preconditioning in cortical neuronal cultures that protected neurons from a subsequent in vitro ischemic insult (transient oxygen-glucose deprivation). To investigate downstream changes in protein expression in EPO-preconditioned cortical neuronal cultures, we used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Overall, EPO preconditioning resulted in protein up-regulation, and, from 84 of the most differentially expressed proteins selected for identification, the proteins or tentative proteins were identified in 57 cases, representing 40 different proteins. Different protein spots representing the same or closely related protein(s) occurred for 13 of the identified proteins and are likely to represent posttranslational modifications or proteolytic fragments of the protein. Two proteins (78-kD glucose-regulated protein and tropomyosin, fibroblast isoform 1) were detected in control neuronal cultures, but not following EPO preconditioning treatment, whereas one protein (40S ribosomal protein SA) was detected only following EPO preconditioning. Most of the other proteins identified had not previously been associated with EPO preconditioning and will aid in the understanding of EPO's neuroprotective response and possibly the development of new therapeutic interventions to inhibit neuronal death in acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno P Meloni
- Department of Neurosurgery/Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders/The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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24
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Pollak DD, John J, Bubna-Littitz H, Schneider A, Hoeger H, Lubec G. Components of the protein quality control system are expressed in a strain-dependent manner in the mouse hippocampus. Neurochem Int 2006; 49:500-7. [PMID: 16678306 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2006.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2006] [Accepted: 03/28/2006] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inbred mouse strains are used in forward-genetic experiments, designed to uncover genes contributing to their highly distinct neurophenotypes and multiple reports of variations in mutant phenotypes due to genetic background differences in reverse-genetic approaches have been published. Information on strain-specific protein expression-phenotypes however, is limited and a comprehensive screen of an effect of strain on brain protein levels has not yet been carried out. Herein a proteomic approach, based upon two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled to mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF) was used to show significant genetic variation in hippocampal protein levels between five mouse strains. Considering recent evidence for the importance of the intracellular protein quality control system for synaptic plasticity-related mechanism we decided to focus on the analysis of molecular chaperones and components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Sixty-six spots, depicting 36 proteins have been unambiguously identified by mass spectrometry. Quantification revealed strain-dependent levels of 18 spots, representing 12 individual gene products. We thus present proteome analysis of hippocampal tissues of several mouse strains as suitable tool to address fundamental questions about genetic control of protein levels and to demonstrate molecular networks of protein metabolism and chaperoning. The findings are useful for designing future studies on these cascades and interpretation of results show that data on brain protein levels cannot be simply extrapolated among different mouse strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela D Pollak
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neuroscience, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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25
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Pollak DD, John J, Scharl T, Leisch F, Schneider A, Hoeger H, Lubec G. Strain-dependent regulation of neurotransmission and actin-remodelling proteins in the mouse hippocampus. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2006; 5:200-4. [PMID: 16507010 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2006.00207.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Individual mouse strains differ significantly in terms of behaviour, cognitive function and long-term potentiation. Hippocampal gene expression profiling of eight different mouse strains points towards strain-specific regulation of genes involved in neuronal information storage. Protein expression with regard to strain- dependent expression of structures related to neuronal information storage has not been investigated yet. Herein, a proteomic approach based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF) has been chosen to address this question by determining strain-dependent expression of proteins involved in neurotransmission and activity-induced actin remodelling in hippocampal tissue of five mouse strains. Of 31 spots representing 16 different gene products analysed and quantified, N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein, N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein-alpha, actin-like protein 3, profilin and cofilin were expressed in a strain-dependent manner. By treating protein expression as a phenotype, we have shown significant genetic variation in brain protein expression. Further experiments in this direction may provide an indication of the genetic elements that contribute to the phenotypic differences between the selected strains through the expressional level of the translated protein. In view of this, we propose that proteomic analysis enabling to concomitantly survey the expression of a large number of proteins could serve as a valuable tool for genetic and physiological studies of central nervous system function.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Pollak
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neuroscience, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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26
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Pollak DD, John J, Schneider A, Hoeger H, Lubec G. Strain-dependent expression of signaling proteins in the mouse hippocampus. Neuroscience 2006; 138:149-58. [PMID: 16361066 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2005] [Revised: 10/27/2005] [Accepted: 11/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Individual mouse strains may differ significantly in terms of behavior and cognitive function. Hippocampal gene expression profiling on several mouse strains has been carried out and points toward substantial strain-specific variation of more than 200 genes including components of major signaling pathways involved in neuronal information storage. Strain-specific hippocampal protein expression, however, has not been investigated yet. A proteomic approach based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry has been chosen to address this question by determining strain-dependent expression of signaling proteins in hippocampi of four inbred and one outbred mouse strain. Forty-six spots corresponding to 37 different signaling proteins have been analyzed and quantified. Statistical analysis revealed strain-dependent expression of serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1, serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A, large GTP binding protein OPA1, guanine nucleotide-binding protein beta, putative GTP-binding protein Ran, receptor of activated protein kinase C1, WASP-family protein member 1, voltage-dependent anion channel 2 and 14-3-3 protein gamma. Differential expression of signaling proteins in the hippocampus may contribute to the molecular understanding of strain-dependent behavioral and cognitive performance. Moreover, these data highlight the importance of the genetic background for the analysis of signaling pathways in the hippocampus in wild-type mice as well as in gene-targeting experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Pollak
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neuroscience, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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27
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Bharali DJ, Klejbor I, Stachowiak EK, Dutta P, Roy I, Kaur N, Bergey EJ, Prasad PN, Stachowiak MK. Organically modified silica nanoparticles: a nonviral vector for in vivo gene delivery and expression in the brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:11539-44. [PMID: 16051701 PMCID: PMC1181239 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0504926102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 503] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2005] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reports on the application of organically modified silica (ORMOSIL) nanoparticles as a nonviral vector for efficient in vivo gene delivery. Highly monodispersed, stable aqueous suspension of nanoparticles, surface-functionalized with amino groups for binding of DNA, were prepared and characterized. Stereotaxic injections of nanoparticles, complexed with plasmid DNA encoding for EGFP, into the mouse ventral midbrain and into lateral ventricle, allowed us to fluorescently visualize the extensive transfection of neuronal-like cells in substantia nigra and areas surrounding the lateral ventricle. No ORMOSIL-based toxicity was observed 4 weeks after transfection. The efficiency of transfection equaled or exceeded that obtained in studies using a viral vector. An in vivo optical imaging technique (a fiber-based confocal fluorescent imaging system) provided an effective means to show the retention of viability of the transfected cells. The ORMOSIL-mediated transfections also were used to manipulate the biology of the neural stem/progenitor cells in vivo. Transfection of a plasmid expressing the nucleus-targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor type 1 resulted in significant inhibition of the in vivo incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine into the DNA of the cells in the subventricular zone and the adjacent rostral migratory stream. This in vivo approach shows that the nuclear receptor can control the proliferation of the stem/progenitor cells in this region of the brain. The results of this nanomedicine approach using ORMOSIL nanoparticles as a nonviral gene delivery platform have a promising future direction for effective therapeutic manipulation of the neural stem/progenitor cells as well as in vivo targeted brain therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruba J Bharali
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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28
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Yin S, Guan Z, Tang Y, Zhao J, Hong J, Zhang W. Abnormal expression of epilepsy-related gene ERG1/NSF in the spontaneous recurrent seizure rats with spatial learning memory deficits induced by kainic acid. Brain Res 2005; 1053:195-202. [PMID: 16039622 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2005] [Revised: 06/17/2005] [Accepted: 06/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous epilepsy-related gene screen identified a spontaneous recurrent seizure (SRS)-related gene named epilepsy-related gene (ERG1) that encodes N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF). To explore whether spatial learning memory deficits are relevant to SRS and whether hippocampal NSF expression is altered by SRS, we used the kainic acid (KA)-induced epilepsy animal model. SRS was monitored for 3 weeks after injection of a single convulsive dose of KA. KA-treated rats with SRS, KA-treated rats without SRS, and saline-treated rats were then measured in Morris water maze. In this spatial learning task, KA-treated rats with SRS performed poorer compared to those without SRS and those treated with saline. During the subsequent probe trials, KA-treated rats with SRS spent less swim path and time in the target quadrant but more swim path and time in the opposite quadrant, and showed fewer platform crossings. Moreover, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry showed that both ERG1/NSF mRNA and NSF immunoreactive expression were down-regulated in the CA1 and dorsal dentate gyrus cells (dDGCs) of the hippocampus, and interestingly, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactive dopamine (DA) neurons were lost in ventral tegmental area (VTA) in the KA rats with SRS. These data demonstrate that SRS impairs spatial learning memory and suggest that the down-regulation of NSF expression pattern in the hippocampus and the loss of DA neurons in VTA might contribute to the spatial learning memory deficits induced by SRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengming Yin
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China.
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29
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Lalonde R, Le Pêcheur M, Strazielle C, London J. Exploratory activity and motor coordination in wild-type SOD1/SOD1 transgenic mice. Brain Res Bull 2005; 66:155-62. [PMID: 15982533 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2004] [Revised: 03/30/2005] [Accepted: 04/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
SOD1 is one of several overexpressed genes in trisomy 21. In order to dissect possible genetic causes of the syndrome, wild-type SOD1/SOD1 transgenic mice were compared to FVB/N non-transgenic controls at 5 months of age in tests of exploratory activity and motor coordination. Wild-type SOD1/SOD1 transgenic mice had fewer stereotyped movements in an open-field and fell sooner from a rotorod than controls. In contrast, wild-type SOD1/SOD1 transgenic mice had fewer falls on a wire suspension test. There was no intergroup difference for ambulatory movements in the open-field, exploration of the elevated plus-maze, emergence from a small compartment, and motor coordination on a stationary beam. These results indicate that homozygous mice expressing human SOD1 are impaired in their ability to adjust their posture in response to a moving surface and make fewer small-amplitude movements without any change in general exploratory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lalonde
- Université de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, INSERM U614, Bâtiment de Recherche, 22 bld Gambetta, Salle 1D18, 76183 Rouen Cedex, France.
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30
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Oh JE, Karlmark Raja K, Shin JH, Hengstschläger M, Pollak A, Lubec G. The neuronal differentiation process involves a series of antioxidant proteins. Amino Acids 2005; 29:273-82. [PMID: 15986180 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-005-0214-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2005] [Accepted: 05/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Involvement of individual antioxidant proteins (AOXP) and antioxidants in the differentiation process has been already reported. A systematic search strategy for detecting differentially regulated AOXP in neuronal differentiation, however, has not been published so far. The aim of this study was to provide an analytical tool identifying AOXP and to generate a differentiation-related AOXP expressional pattern. The undifferentiated N1E-115 neuroblastoma cell line was switched into a neuronal phenotype by DMSO treatment and used for proteomic experiments: We used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by unambiguous mass spectrometrical (MALDI-TOF-TOF) identification of proteins to generate a map of AOXP. 16 AOXP were unambiguously determined in both cell lines; catalase, thioredoxin domain-containing protein 4 and hypothetical glutaredoxin/glutathione S-transferase C terminus-containing protein were detectable in the undifferentiated cells only. Five AOXP were observed in both, undifferentiated and differentiated cells and thioredoxin, thioredoxin-like protein p19, thioredoxin reductase 1, superoxide dismutases (Mn and Cu-Zn), glutathione synthetase, glutathione S-transferase P1 and Mu1 were detected in differentiated cells exclusively. Herein a differential expressional pattern is presented that reveals so far unpublished antioxidant principles involved in neuronal differentiation by a protein chemical approach, unambiguously identifying AOXP. This finding not only shows concomitant determination of AOXP but also serves as an analytical tool and forms the basis for design of future studies addressing AOXP and differentiation per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-E Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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31
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Johnson MD, Yu LR, Conrads TP, Kinoshita Y, Uo T, McBee JK, Veenstra TD, Morrison RS. The Proteomics of Neurodegeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 5:259-70. [PMID: 16078862 DOI: 10.2165/00129785-200505040-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The continuing improvement and refinement of proteomic and bioinformatic tools has made it possible to obtain increasing amounts of structural and functional information about proteins on a global scale. The emerging field of neuroproteomics promises to provide powerful strategies for further characterizing neuronal dysfunction and cell loss associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroproteomic studies have thus far revealed relatively comprehensive quantitative changes and post-translational modifications (mostly oxidative damage) of high abundance proteins, confirming deficits in energy production, protein degradation, antioxidant protein function, and cytoskeletal regulation associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson disease. The identification of changes in low-abundance proteins and characterization of their functions based on protein-protein interactions still await further development of proteomic methodologies and more dedicated application of these technologies by neuroscientists. Once accomplished, however, the resulting information will certainly provide a truly comprehensive view of neurodegeneration-associated changes in protein expression, facilitating the identification of novel biomarkers for the early detection of neurodegenerative diseases and new targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Johnson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195-6470, USA
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32
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Seznec H, Simon D, Bouton C, Reutenauer L, Hertzog A, Golik P, Procaccio V, Patel M, Drapier JC, Koenig M, Puccio H. Friedreich ataxia: the oxidative stress paradox. Hum Mol Genet 2004; 14:463-74. [PMID: 15615771 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddi042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) results from a generalized deficiency of mitochondrial and cytosolic iron-sulfur protein activity initially ascribed to mitochondrial iron overload. Recent in vitro data suggest that frataxin is necessary for iron incorporation in Fe-S cluster (ISC) and heme biosynthesis. In addition, several reports suggest that continuous oxidative damage resulting from hampered superoxide dismutases (SODs) signaling participates in the mitochondrial deficiency and ultimately the neuronal and cardiac cell death. This has led to the use of antioxidants such as idebenone for FRDA therapy. To further discern the role of oxidative stress in FRDA pathophysiology, we have tested the potential effect of increased antioxidant defense using an MnSOD mimetic (MnTBAP) and Cu,ZnSOD overexpression on the murine FRDA cardiomyopathy. Surprisingly, no positive effect was observed, suggesting that increased superoxide production could not explain by itself the FRDA cardiac pathophysiology. Moreover, we demonstrate that complete frataxin-deficiency neither induces oxidative stress in neuronal tissues nor alters the MnSOD expression and induction in the early step of the pathology (neuronal and cardiac) as previously suggested. We show that cytosolic ISC aconitase activity of iron regulatory protein-1 progressively decreases, whereas its apo-RNA binding form increases despite the absence of oxidative stress, suggesting that in a mammalian system the mitochondrial ISC assembly machinery is essential for cytosolic ISC biogenesis. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that in FRDA, mitochondrial iron accumulation does not induce oxidative stress and we propose that, contrary to the general assumption, FRDA is a neurodegenerative disease not associated with oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Seznec
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/Université Louis Pasteur, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, CU de Strasbourg, France
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