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Zhang J, Tang M, Shang J. PPARγ Modulators in Lung Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Prospects, and Challenges. Biomolecules 2024; 14:190. [PMID: 38397426 PMCID: PMC10886696 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ, NR1C3) is a ligand-activated transcriptional factor that governs the expression of genes involved in glucolipid metabolism, energy homeostasis, cell differentiation, and inflammation. Multiple studies have demonstrated that PPARγ activation exerts anti-tumor effects in lung cancer through regulation of lipid metabolism, induction of apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest, as well as inhibition of invasion and migration. Interestingly, PPARγ activation may have pro-tumor effects on cells of the tumor microenvironment, especially myeloid cells. Recent clinical data has substantiated the potential of PPARγ agonists as therapeutic agents for lung cancer. Additionally, PPARγ agonists also show synergistic effects with traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, the clinical application of PPARγ agonists remains limited due to the presence of adverse side effects. Thus, further research and clinical trials are necessary to comprehensively explore the actions of PPARγ in both tumor and stromal cells and to evaluate the in vivo toxicity. This review aims to consolidate the molecular mechanism of PPARγ modulators and to discuss their clinical prospects and challenges in tackling lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China;
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Miru Tang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Jinsai Shang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China;
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
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Xiao L, Xian M, Zhang C, Guo Q, Yi Q. Lipid peroxidation of immune cells in cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1322746. [PMID: 38259464 PMCID: PMC10800824 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1322746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that cellular metabolism is a critical determinant of immune cell viability and function in antitumor immunity and lipid metabolism is important for immune cell activation and adaptation to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Lipid peroxidation is a process in which oxidants attack lipid-containing carbon-carbon double bonds and is an important part of lipid metabolism. In the past decades, studies have shown that lipid peroxidation participates in signal transduction to control cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell death, which is essential for cell function execution and human health. More importantly, recent studies have shown that lipid peroxidation affects immune cell function to modulate tumor immunity and antitumor ability. In this review, we briefly overview the effect of lipid peroxidation on the adaptive and innate immune cell activation and function in TME and discuss the effectiveness and sensitivity of the antitumor ability of immune cells by regulating lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Qing Yi
- Center for Translational Research in Hematologic Malignancies, Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, United States
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Tallima H, El Ridi R. Mechanisms of Arachidonic Acid In Vitro Tumoricidal Impact. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041727. [PMID: 36838715 PMCID: PMC9966399 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To promote the potential of arachidonic acid (ARA) for cancer prevention and management, experiments were implemented to disclose the mechanisms of its tumoricidal action. Hepatocellular, lung, and breast carcinoma and normal hepatocytes cell lines were exposed to 0 or 50 μM ARA for 30 min and then assessed for proliferative capacity, surface membrane-associated sphingomyelin (SM) content, neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) activity, beta 2 microglobulin (β2 m) expression, and ceramide (Cer) levels. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and caspase 3/7 activity were evaluated. Exposure to ARA for 30 min led to impairment of the tumor cells' proliferative capacity and revealed that the different cell lines display remarkably similar surface membrane SM content but diverse responses to ARA treatment. Arachidonic acid tumoricidal impact was shown to be associated with nSMase activation, exposure of cell surface membrane β2 m to antibody binding, and hydrolysis of SM to Cer, which accumulated on the cell surface and in the cytosol. The ARA and Cer-mediated inhibition of tumor cell viability appeared to be independent of ROS generation or caspase 3/7 activation. The data were compared and contrasted to findings reported in the literature on ARA tumoricidal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Tallima
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Rashika El Ridi
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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Liao Y, Weng J, Chen L, Hu N, Yuan X, Wang J, He F, Cai Y, Huang Q, Wang J, Huang L. Comprehensive analysis of SLC43A2 on the tumor immune microenvironment and prognosis of liver hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:911378. [PMID: 36186480 PMCID: PMC9523210 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.911378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumor cells outcompete T cells for methionine via overexpressing SLC43A2, causing T cells exhaustion. We explored the influence of SLC43A2 on tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), immune-related genes (IRGs) and the prognosis of liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) patients. Methods: The TCGA-LIHC dataset (n = 374) and the ICGC-LIRI-JP-LIHC (n = 231) datasets were used as training and validation cohort, respectively. IRGs were obtained from ImmPort. Statistical analyses were performed using R (V 4.0.5). Online databases such as GEPIA, GSCALite, the Kaplan–Meier plotter, KEGG, TIMER2, and CMap were used for differential expression, immune infiltration, functional enrichment, survival, and drug-induced gene perturbation analysis. Results: SLC43A2 expression was higher in LIHC, correlated with worse survival, but could not predict prognosis of LIHC separately (AUC = 0.467). SLC43A2 positively correlated with immune exhaustion markers (all p < 0.001) and with increased infiltration of Tregs, macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) (all p < 0.05). SLC43A2 may regulate 120 IRGs. A prognostic risk score model was developed using the TCGA-LIHC cohort and validated by the ICGC-LIRI-JP cohort. Arachidonic acid, SB-202190 and guanethidine were identified as possible immunomodulators pharmacologically targeting SLC43A2 in LIHC. Conclusion: SLC43A2 may create suppressive tumor microenvironment and regulate related IRGs, thus affecting the prognosis of LIHC. Arachidonic acid, SB-202190, and guanethidine may be worthy of further study as immunomodulators on SLC43A2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Reproductive Medical Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Junmei Weng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lian Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Feng He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yixin Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liu Huang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Liu Huang,
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Seike T, Boontem P, Yanagi M, Li S, Kido H, Yamamiya D, Nakagawa H, Okada H, Yamashita T, Harada K, Kikuchi M, Shiraishi Y, Ozaki N, Kaneko S, Yamashima T, Mizukoshi E. Hydroxynonenal Causes Hepatocyte Death by Disrupting Lysosomal Integrity in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:925-944. [PMID: 35787976 PMCID: PMC9500440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The lipid oxidation is a key factor for damaging hepatocytes and causing cell death. However, the mechanisms underlying hepatocyte death and the role of the most popular lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remains unclear. METHODS We demonstrated using hepatoma cell lines, a NASH mouse model, HNE-treated monkeys, and biopsy specimens from patients with NASH that HNE induced hepatocyte death by disintegrating the lysosomal limiting membrane. RESULTS The degree of HNE deposition in human NASH hepatocytes was more severe in cases with high lobular inflammation, ballooning, and fibrosis scores, and was associated with enlargement of the staining of lysosomes in hepatocytes. In in vitro experiments, HNE activated μ-calpain via G-protein coupled receptor (GPR) 120. The resultant rupture/permeabilization of the lysosomal limiting membrane induced the leakage of cathepsins from lysosomes and hepatocyte death. The blockade of G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) or μ-calpain expression suppressed lysosomal membrane damage and hepatocyte death by HNE. Alda-1, which activates aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 to degrade HNE, prevented HNE-induced hepatocyte death. Intravenous administration of HNE to monkeys for 6 months resulted in hepatocyte death by a mechanism similar to that of cultured cells. In addition, intraperitoneal administration of Alda-1 to choline-deficient, amino-acid defined treated mice for 8 weeks inhibited HNE deposition, decreased liver inflammation, and disrupted lysosomal membranes in hepatocytes, resulting in improvement of liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS These results provide novel insights into the mechanism of hepatocyte death in NASH and will contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Seike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Piyakarn Boontem
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yanagi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shihui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kido
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamamiya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hikari Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan,Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kikuchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Shiraishi
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ozaki
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tetsumori Yamashima
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan,Tetsumori Yamashima, MD, PhD, Research Fellow, Monkey Project Team Leader, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan. tel: +81-76-265-2230; fax: +81-76-234-4250.
| | - Eishiro Mizukoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Eishiro Mizukoshi, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Gastroenterology,
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Zanoni M, Bravaccini S, Fabbri F, Arienti C. Emerging Roles of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Isoforms in Anti-cancer Therapy Resistance. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:795762. [PMID: 35299840 PMCID: PMC8920988 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.795762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are a family of detoxifying enzymes often upregulated in cancer cells and associated with therapeutic resistance. In humans, the ALDH family comprises 19 isoenzymes active in the majority of mammalian tissues. Each ALDH isoform has a specific differential expression pattern and most of them have individual functional roles in cancer. ALDHs are overexpressed in subpopulations of cancer cells with stem-like features, where they are involved in several processes including cellular proliferation, differentiation, detoxification and survival, participating in lipids and amino acid metabolism and retinoic acid synthesis. In particular, ALDH enzymes protect cancer cells by metabolizing toxic aldehydes in less reactive and more soluble carboxylic acids. High metabolic activity as well as conventional anticancer therapies contribute to aldehyde accumulation, leading to DNA double strand breaks (DSB) through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation. ALDH overexpression is crucial not only for the survival of cancer stem cells but can also affect immune cells of the tumour microenvironment (TME). The reduction of ROS amount and the increase in retinoic acid signaling impairs immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducing the activation and stability of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs). Dissecting the role of ALDH specific isoforms in the TME can open new scenarios in the cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the role of ALDH isoforms in solid tumors, in particular in association with therapy-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Zanoni
- Biosciences Laboratory,IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | | | | | - Chiara Arienti
- Biosciences Laboratory,IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
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Muzio G, Barrera G, Pizzimenti S. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) and Oxidative Stress in Physiological Conditions and in Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111734. [PMID: 34829605 PMCID: PMC8614822 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Originally described as “orphan nuclear receptors”, they can bind both natural and synthetic ligands acting as agonists or antagonists. In humans three subtypes, PPARα, β/δ, γ, are encoded by different genes, show tissue-specific expression patterns, and contribute to the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms, of different cell functions, including proliferation, death, differentiation, and of processes, as inflammation, angiogenesis, immune response. The PPAR ability in increasing the expression of various antioxidant genes and decreasing the synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators, makes them be considered among the most important regulators of the cellular response to oxidative stress conditions. Based on the multiplicity of physiological effects, PPAR involvement in cancer development and progression has attracted great scientific interest with the aim to describe changes occurring in their expression in cancer cells, and to investigate the correlation with some characteristics of cancer phenotype, including increased proliferation, decreased susceptibility to apoptosis, malignancy degree and onset of resistance to anticancer drugs. This review focuses on mechanisms underlying the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of PPARs in physiological conditions, and on the reported beneficial effects of PPAR activation in cancer.
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Rodríguez-Zavala JS, Calleja LF, Moreno-Sánchez R, Yoval-Sánchez B. Role of Aldehyde Dehydrogenases in Physiopathological Processes. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:405-420. [PMID: 30628442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Many different diseases are associated with oxidative stress. One of the main consequences of oxidative stress at the cellular level is lipid peroxidation, from which toxic aldehydes may be generated. Below their toxicity thresholds, some aldehydes are involved in signaling processes, while others are intermediaries in the metabolism of lipids, amino acids, neurotransmitters, and carbohydrates. Some aldehydes ubiquitously distributed in the environment, such as acrolein or formaldehyde, are extremely toxic to the cell. On the other hand, aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are able to detoxify a wide variety of aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids, thus helping to protect from oxidative stress. ALDHs are located in different subcellular compartments such as cytosol, mitochondria, nucleus, and endoplasmic reticulum. The aim of this review is to analyze, and highlight, the role of different ALDH isoforms in the detoxification of aldehydes generated in processes that involve high levels of oxidative stress. The ALDH physiological relevance becomes evident by the observation that their expression and activity are enhanced in different pathologies that involve oxidative stress such as neurodegenerative disorders, cardiopathies, atherosclerosis, and cancer as well as inflammatory processes. Furthermore, ALDH mutations bring about several disorders in the cell. Thus, understanding the mechanisms by which these enzymes participate in diverse cellular processes may lead to better contend with the damage caused by toxic aldehydes in different pathologies by designing modulators and/or protocols to modify their activity or expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rafael Moreno-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica , Instituto Nacional de Cardiología , México 14080 , México
| | - Belem Yoval-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica , Instituto Nacional de Cardiología , México 14080 , México
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9
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Katamune C, Koyanagi S, Hashikawa KI, Kusunose N, Akamine T, Matsunaga N, Ohdo S. Mutation of the gene encoding the circadian clock component PERIOD2 in oncogenic cells confers chemoresistance by up-regulating the Aldh3a1 gene. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:547-558. [PMID: 30429219 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of circadian rhythms has been implicated in an increased risk for cancer development. The Period2 (Per2) gene encodes one of the major components of the mammalian circadian clock, which plays a key role in controlling the circadian rhythms in physiology and behavior. PER2 has also been reported to suppress the malignant transformation of cells, but its role in the regulation of cancer susceptibility to chemotherapeutic drugs remains unclear. In this study, we found that oncogene-transformed embryonic fibroblasts prepared from Per2-mutant (Per2m/m ) mice, which are susceptible to both spontaneous and radiation-induced tumorigenesis, were resistant against common chemotherapeutic drugs and that this resistance is associated with up-regulation of the aldehyde dehydrogenase 3a1 (Aldh3a1) gene. Co-expression of the oncogenes H-rasV12 and SV40 large T-antigen induced malignant transformation of both WT and Per2m/m cells, but the cytotoxic effects of the chemotherapeutic agents methotrexate, gemcitabine, etoposide, vincristine, and oxaliplatin were significantly alleviated in the oncogene-transformed Per2m/m cells. Although introduction of the two oncogenes increased the expression of Aldh3a1 in both WT and Per2m/m cells, the ALDH3A1 protein levels in the Per2m/m cells were ∼7-fold higher than in WT cells. The elevated ALDH3A1 levels in the oncogene-transformed Per2m/m cells were sufficient to prevent chemotherapeutic drug-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Consequently, shRNA-mediated suppression of Aldh3a1 expression relieved the chemoresistance of the Per2m/m cells. These results suggest a role for mutated PER2 in the development of multiple drug resistance and may inform therapeutic strategies for cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satoru Koyanagi
- From the Departments of Pharmaceutics and.,Glocal Healthcare Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Naoya Matsunaga
- From the Departments of Pharmaceutics and.,Glocal Healthcare Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Ricci M, Miola M, Multari C, Borroni E, Canuto RA, Congiusta N, Vernè E, Follenzi A, Muzio G. PPARs are mediators of anti-cancer properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) functionalized with conjugated linoleic acid. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 292:9-14. [PMID: 29986832 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer chemotherapy can cause side effects due to nonspecific drug delivery, low solubility and fast metabolism of drugs used in conventional therapy. Moreover, the therapeutic effect of the drugs is often reduced by the strengthening of chemoresistance, which occurs via a variety of mechanisms. Different strategies have been developed to reduce multidrug resistance (MDR)-associated gene expressions including the use of surfactants and polymers. In this study superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) functionalized with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduced the number and viability of cells in comparison with both untreated cells or cells treated with SPIONs alone. This cytostatic effect correlated with the increase of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPARγ). The necrotic cell death induced, as a consequence, an inflammatory process, as evidenced by the decrease of the anti-inflammatory PPARα and increase of pro-inflammatory TNFα and IL-1β. PPARs were examined because CLA is one of their natural ligands. The antitumor effect observed was accompanied by a down-regulation of p-glycoprotein (P-gp), which was the first important discovered efflux transporter belonging to MDR, and of ALDH3A1, an enzyme able to metabolize some drugs, reducing their effects. The down-regulation of P-gp correlated with the increase of cytokines. The ALDH3A1 decrease correlated with the increase of PPARγ. Based on these results, PPARs are molecular mediators of anti-cancer effect of SPIONs functionalized with CLA, being changes in these nuclear receptors correlated with induction of cytotoxicity and inflammation, and decreased ability of cancer cells in blocking anti-cancer drug effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ricci
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Turin, Italy.
| | - Marta Miola
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy.
| | - Cristina Multari
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy.
| | - Ester Borroni
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Amedeo Avogadro" of East Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy.
| | - Rosa Angela Canuto
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Turin, Italy.
| | - Noemi Congiusta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrica Vernè
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy.
| | - Antonia Follenzi
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Amedeo Avogadro" of East Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy.
| | - Giuliana Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Turin, Italy.
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11
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Jiang Y, Li H, Wang Y, Tian T, He Y, Jin Y, Han C, Jin X, Zhang F, Morii E. ALDH enzyme activity is regulated by Nodal and histamine in the A549 cell line. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6955-6961. [PMID: 29181106 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine whether the enzyme activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) was regulated by Nodal and histamine in the human alveolar adenocarcinoma A549 cell line. The regulated enzyme activity of ALDH was analyzed by flow cytometry in the A549 cell line. ALDH1 and Nodal expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry in28 cases of lung mixed adenocarcinoma. The enzyme activity of ALDH was upregulated by histamine and agonists of histamine H1 receptor (H1R) and histamine H2 receptor (H2R). ALDH activity was also downregulated by recombinant human Nodal and antagonists of H1R and H2R in the A549 cell line. In addition, expression of Nodal and ALDH1 were inversely correlated in lung mixed adenocarcinoma. ALDH enzyme activity was regulated by Nodal and histamine in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yan He
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yinji Jin
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Changsong Han
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Jin
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Fengmin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Chen Y, Chen Y, Shi Y, Ma C, Wang X, Li Y, Miao Y, Chen J, Li X. Antitumor activity of Annona squamosa seed oil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 193:362-367. [PMID: 27566205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Custard apple (Annona squamosa Linn.) is an edible tropical fruit, and its seeds have been used to treat "malignant sore" (cancer) and other usage as insecticide. A comparison of extraction processes, chemical composition analysis and antitumor activity of A. squamosa seed oil (ASO) were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The optimal extraction parameters of ASO were established by comparing percolation, soxhlet, ultrasonic and SFE-CO2 extraction methods. The chemical composition of fatty acid and content of total annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs) of ASO was investigated by GC-MS and colorimetric assay, and anti-tumor activity of ASO was tested using H22 xenografts bearing mice. RESULTS The optimal extraction parameters of ASO were obtained as follows: using soxhlet extraction method with extraction solvent of petroleum ether, temperature of 80°C, and extraction time of 90min. Under these conditions, the yield of ASO was 22.65%. GC-MS analysis results showed that the main chemical compositions of fatty acid of ASO were palmitic acid (9.92%), linoleic acid (20.49%), oleic acid (56.50%) and stearic acid (9.14%). The total ACGs content in ASO was 41.00mg/g. ASO inhibited the growth of H22 tumor cells in mice with a maximum inhibitory rate of 53.54% by oral administration. Furthermore, it was found that ASO exerted an antitumor effect via decreasing interleukin-6 (IL-6), janus kinase (Jak) and phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription (p-Stat3) expression. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that ASO suppressed the H22 solid tumor development may due to its main chemical constituents unsaturated fatty acid and ACGs via IL-6/Jak/Stat3 pathway. ASO may be a potential candidate for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yayun Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yeye Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengyao Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xunan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunjie Miao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Muzio G, Ricci M, Traverso N, Monacelli F, Oraldi M, Maggiora M, Canuto RA. 4-Hydroxyhexenal and 4-hydroxynonenal are mediators of the anti-cachectic effect of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on human lung cancer cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 99:63-70. [PMID: 27480845 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cachexia, the most severe paraneoplastic syndrome, occurs in about 80% of patients with advanced cancer; it cannot be reverted by conventional, enteral, or parenteral nutrition. For this reason, nutritional interventions must be based on the use of substances possessing, alongside nutritional and energetic properties, the ability to modulate production of the pro-inflammatory factors responsible for the metabolic changes characterising cancer cachexia. In light of their nutritional and anti-inflammatory properties, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and in particular n-3, have been investigated for treating cachexia; however, the results have been contradictory. Since both n-3 and n-6 PUFAs can affect cell functions in several ways, this research investigated the possibility that the effects of both n-3 and n-6 PUFAs could be mediated by their major aldehydic products of lipid peroxidation, 4-hydroxyhexenal (HHE) and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), and by their anti-inflammatory properties. An "in vitro" cancer cachexia model, consisting of human lung cancer cells (A427) and murine myoblasts (C2C12), was used. The results showed that: 1) both n-3 and n-6 PUFAs reduced the growth of lung cancer cells without causing cell death, increased lipid peroxidation and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR)α, and decreased TNFα; 2) culture medium conditioned by A427 cells grown in the absence of PUFAs blocked myosin production and the differentiation of C2C12 muscle cells; conversely, muscle cells grown in culture medium conditioned by the same cells in the presence of PUFAs showed myosin expression and formed myotubes; 3) adding HHE or HNE directly to C2C12 cells maintained in culture medium conditioned by A427 cells in the absence of PUFAs stimulated myosin production and myotube formation; 4) putative consensus sequences for (PPARs) have been found in genes encoding fast isoforms of myosin heavy chain, by a bioinformatics approach. The overall results show, first, the ability of both n-3 and n-6 PUFAs and their lipid peroxidation products to prevent the blocking of myosin expression and myotube formation caused in C2C12 cells by medium conditioned by human lung tumour cells. The C2C12 cell differentiation can be due to direct effect of lipid peroxidation products, as evidenced by treating C2C12 cells with HHE and HNE, and to the decrease of pro-inflammatory TNFα in A427 cell culture medium. The presence of consensus sequences for PPARs in genes encoding the fast isoforms of myosin heavy chain suggests that the effects of PUFAs, HHE, and HNE are PPAR-mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - M Ricci
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - N Traverso
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via Leon Battista Alberti 2, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - F Monacelli
- Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - M Oraldi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - M Maggiora
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - R A Canuto
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy.
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Tsujimoto S, Kishina M, Koda M, Yamamoto Y, Tanaka K, Harada Y, Yoshida A, Hisatome I. Nimesulide, a cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitor, suppresses obesity-related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatic insulin resistance through the regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:721-8. [PMID: 27431935 PMCID: PMC4990319 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 selective inhibitors suppress non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, the precise mechanism of action remains unknown. The aim of this study was to examine how the COX-2 selective inhibitor nimesulide suppresses NAFLD in a murine model of high-fat diet (HFD)‑induced obesity. Mice were fed either a normal chow diet (NC), an HFD, or HFD plus nimesulide (HFD-nime) for 12 weeks. Body weight, hepatic COX-2 mRNA expression and triglyceride accumulation were significantly increased in the HFD group. Triglyceride accumulation was suppressed in the HFD-nime group. The mRNA expression of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and the natural PPARγ agonist 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d‑PGJ2) were significantly increased in the HFD group and significantly suppressed in the HFD-nime group. Glucose metabolism was impaired in the HFD group compared with the NC group, and it was significantly improved in the HFD-nime group. In addition, the plasma insulin levels in the HFD group were increased compared with those in the NC group, and were decreased in the HFD-nime group. These results indicate that HFD-induced NAFLD is mediated by the increased hepatic expression of COX-2. We suggest that the production of 15d-PGJ2, which is mediated by COX-2, induces NAFLD and hepatic insulin resistance by activating PPARγ. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP‑1), procollagen-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), as well as the number of F4/80-positive hepatic (Kupffer) cells, were significantly increased in the HFD group compared with the NC group, and they were reduced by nimesulide. In conclusion, COX-2 may emerge as a molecular target for preventing the development of NAFLD and insulin resistance in diet-related obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Tsujimoto
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Manabu Kishina
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Masahiko Koda
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Yamamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Group II, Pharmacology Research Department, Pharmaceutical Development Research Laboratories, Tokyo 191‑8512, Japan
| | - Kohei Tanaka
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Yusuke Harada
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Akio Yoshida
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
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Wu D, Mou YP, Chen K, Cai JQ, Zhou YC, Pan Y, Xu XW, Zhou W, Gao JQ, Chen DW, Zhang RC. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 is robustly upregulated in gastric cancer stem-like cells and associated with tumorigenesis. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:611-22. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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16
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Cotogni P, Trombetta A, Muzio G, Maggiora M, Canuto RA. The Omega-3 Fatty Acid Docosahexaenoic Acid Modulates Inflammatory Mediator Release in Human Alveolar Cells Exposed to Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of ARDS Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:642520. [PMID: 26301250 PMCID: PMC4537738 DOI: 10.1155/2015/642520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated whether the 1 : 2 ω-3/ω-6 ratio may reduce proinflammatory response in human alveolar cells (A549) exposed to an ex vivo inflammatory stimulus (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients). Methods. We exposed A549 cells to the BALF collected from 12 ARDS patients. After 18 hours, fatty acids (FA) were added as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, ω-3) and arachidonic acid (AA, ω-6) in two ratios (1 : 2 or 1 : 7). 24 hours later, in culture supernatants were evaluated cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10) and prostaglandins (PGE2 and PGE3) release. The FA percentage content in A549 membrane phospholipids, content of COX-2, level of PPARγ, and NF-κB binding activity were determined. RESULTS The 1 : 2 DHA/AA ratio reversed the baseline predominance of ω-6 over ω-3 in the cell membranes (P < 0.001). The proinflammatory cytokine release was reduced by the 1 : 2 ratio (P < 0.01 to <0.001) but was increased by the 1 : 7 ratio (P < 0.01). The 1 : 2 ratio reduced COX-2 and PGE2 (P < 0.001) as well as NF-κB translocation into the nucleus (P < 0.01), while it increased activation of PPARγ and IL-10 release (P < 0.001). Conclusion. This study demonstrated that shifting the FA supply from ω-6 to ω-3 decreased proinflammatory mediator release in human alveolar cells exposed to BALF of ARDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cotogni
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Medicine, S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Via A.M. Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Antonella Trombetta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via A.M. Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giuliana Muzio
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Marina Maggiora
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Rosa Angela Canuto
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy
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Nishiyama M, Nita A, Yumimoto K, Nakayama KI. FBXL12-Mediated Degradation of ALDH3 is Essential for Trophoblast Differentiation During Placental Development. Stem Cells 2015; 33:3327-40. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Nishiyama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University; Higashi-ku Fukuoka, Fukuoka Japan
| | - Akihiro Nita
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University; Higashi-ku Fukuoka, Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kanae Yumimoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University; Higashi-ku Fukuoka, Fukuoka Japan
| | - Keiichi I. Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University; Higashi-ku Fukuoka, Fukuoka Japan
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18
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Ding Y, Yang M, She S, Min H, Xv X, Ran X, Wu Y, Wang W, Wang L, Yi L, Yang Y, Gao Q. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of cervical cancer. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:1748-58. [PMID: 25633909 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the seventh most common cancer overall and the third among females. To obtain systematic insight into the protein profile that participates in cervical tumor oncogenesis and improve the current target therapies, iTRAQ labeling and NanoLC-MS/MS analysis were utilized to detect differentially expressed proteins in cervical cancer. As a result, 3,647 proteins were identified, among which the expression levels of 294 proteins in cervical cancer samples were distinct from the paired non-tumor samples. Further validation of the differentially expressed proteins, including G6PD, ALDH3A1, STAT1 and HSPB1, was carried out via qRT-PCR, western blot analysis and tissue microarray. Functional analysis of one of the highly expressed proteins, G6PD, was performed using RNA interference. Attenuated G6PD expression reduced the capacity of HeLa cells to migrate and invade in vitro. Our investigation complemented the understanding of cervical cancer progression. Furthermore, the present study supports the notion that suppressing the expression of G6PD may be a promising strategy in developing novel cancer therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Ding
- Center for Translational Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Sha She
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Min
- Center for Translational Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Xv
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Ran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yongzheng Wu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Long Yi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yixuan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Qian Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Singh M, Kapoor A, Bhatnagar A. Oxidative and reductive metabolism of lipid-peroxidation derived carbonyls. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 234:261-73. [PMID: 25559856 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research has shown that increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) results in tissue injury under a variety of pathological conditions and chronic degenerative diseases. While ROS are highly reactive and can incite significant injury, polyunsaturated lipids in membranes and lipoproteins are their main targets. ROS-triggered lipid-peroxidation reactions generate a range of reactive carbonyl species (RCS), and these RCS spread and amplify ROS-related injury. Several RCS generated in oxidizing lipids, such as 4-hydroxy trans-2-nonenal (HNE), 4-oxo-2-(E)-nonenal (ONE), acrolein, malondialdehyde (MDA) and phospholipid aldehydes have been shown to be produced under conditions of oxidative stress and contribute to tissue injury and dysfunction by depleting glutathione and other reductants leading to the modification of proteins, lipids, and DNA. To prevent tissue injury, these RCS are metabolized by several oxidoreductases, including members of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily, aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs), and alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs). Metabolism via these enzymes results in RCS inactivation and detoxification, although under some conditions, it can also lead to the generation of signaling molecules that trigger adaptive responses. Metabolic transformation and detoxification of RCS by oxidoreductases prevent indiscriminate ROS toxicity, while at the same time, preserving ROS signaling. A better understanding of RCS metabolism by oxidoreductases could lead to the development of novel therapeutic interventions to decrease oxidative injury in several disease states and to enhance resistance to ROS-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahavir Singh
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Aniruddh Kapoor
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 associates with prostate tumorigenesis. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:2593-603. [PMID: 24762960 PMCID: PMC4021532 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Accumulating evidence demonstrates high levels of aldehyde dehydrogense (ALDH) activity in human cancer types, in part, because of its association with cancer stem cells. Whereas ALDH1A1 and ALDH7A1 isoforms were reported to associate with prostate tumorigenesis, whether other ALDH isoforms are associated with prostate cancer (PC) remains unclear. Methods: ALDH3A1 expression was analysed in various PC cell lines. Xenograft tumours and 54 primary and metastatic PC tumours were stained using immunohistochemistry for ALDH3A1 expression. Results: In comparison with the non-stem counterparts, a robust upregulation of ALDH3A1 was observed in DU145-derived PC stem cells (PCSCs). As DU145 PCSCs produced xenograft tumours with more advanced features compared with those derived from DU145 cells, higher levels of ALDH3A1 were detected in the former; a dramatic elevation of ALDH3A1 occurred in DU145 cell-derived lung metastasis compared with local xenograft tumours. Furthermore, while ALDH3A1 was not observed in prostate glands, ALDH3A1 was clearly present in PIN, and further increased in carcinomas. In comparison with the paired local carcinomas, ALDH3A1 was upregulated in lymph node metastatic tumours; the presence of ALDH3A1 in bone metastatic PC was also demonstrated. Conclusions: We report here the association of ALDH3A1 with PC progression.
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Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Factors in Lung Cancer. Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405205-5.00019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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22
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Calderaro J, Nault JC, Bioulac-Sage P, Laurent A, Blanc JF, Decaens T, Zucman-Rossi J. ALDH3A1 is overexpressed in a subset of hepatocellular carcinoma characterised by activation of the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway. Virchows Arch 2013; 464:53-60. [PMID: 24276407 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-013-1515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase isoforms, ALDH1A1 and ALDH3A1, are associated with poor clinical outcome and resistance to chemotherapy in a wide variety of human malignancies. So far, their expression and prognostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. The aim of our study was to investigate their expression in HCC, and to correlate this to clinical, pathological and molecular features. ALDH1A1 and ALDH3A1 expression was first evaluated by microarray analysis in a series of 60 HCCs and five tumour-free liver tissue samples. Our findings related to ALDH3A1 were further validated by immunohistochemistry in a series of 81 HCCs and 23 hepatocellular adenomas (HCA). Microarray analysis showed no difference in ALDH1A1 expression between HCCs and tumour-free liver tissue. In contrast, ALDH3A1 was strongly upregulated in a subset of HCCs characterised by activation of the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway and CTNNB1 mutations. Using immunohistochemistry, we confirmed that high ALDH3A1 expression is associated with nuclear staining for ß-catenin and strong homogeneous staining for glutamine synthetase, two classical Wnt/ß-catenin pathway activation markers. Consistent with this finding, in tumour-free liver tissue, ALDH3A1 expression was observed in centrilobular hepatocytes, in which the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway is known to be physiologically activated. We also observed higher ALDH3A1 expression in CTNNB1-mutated HCA when compared with other subtypes. No correlation between ALDH3A1 expression and patient survival or tumour recurrence was observed.In conclusion, ALDH3A1 is a marker of activation of the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway in HCC, HCA and tumour-free liver tissue. Further studies may help to elucidate the potential role of ALDH3A1 in HCC development and resistance to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Calderaro
- Inserm, UMR-674, Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, Institut Universitaire d'Hematologie, 27 rue Juliette Dodu, Paris, 75010, France
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Bailey MJ, Shield-Artin KL, Oliva K, Ayhan M, Reisman S, Rice GE. Stage-specific analysis of plasma protein profiles in ovarian cancer: Difference in-gel electrophoresis analysis of pooled clinical samples. J Carcinog 2013; 12:10. [PMID: 23858298 PMCID: PMC3709370 DOI: 10.4103/1477-3163.114216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecological cancer. Non-specific symptoms early in disease and the lack of specific biomarkers hinder early diagnosis. Multi-marker blood screening tests have shown promise for improving identification of early stage disease; however, available tests lack sensitivity, and specificity. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, pooled deeply-depleted plasma from women with Stage 1, 2 or 3 ovarian cancer and healthy controls were used to compare the 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) protein profiles and identify potential novel markers of ovarian cancer progression. RESULTS/DISCUSSION Stage-specific variation in biomarker expression was observed. For example, apolipoprotein A1 expression is relatively low in control and Stage 1, but shows a substantial increase in Stage 2 and 3, thus, potential of utility for disease confirmation rather than early detection. A better marker for early stage disease was tropomyosin 4 (TPM4). The expression of TPM4 increased by 2-fold in Stage 2 before returning to "normal" levels in Stage 3 disease. Multiple isoforms were also identified for some proteins and in some cases, displayed stage-specific expression. An interesting example was fibrinogen alpha, for which 8 isoforms were identified. Four displayed a moderate increase at Stage 1 and a substantial increase for Stages 2 and 3 while the other 4 showed only moderate increases. CONCLUSION Herein is provided an improved summary of blood protein profiles for women with ovarian cancer stratified by stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Bailey
- Zoetis, Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Melbourne, Australia
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Giebułtowicz J, Wroczyński P, Samolczyk-Wanyura D. Can lower aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in saliva be a risk factor for oral cavity cancer? Oral Dis 2013; 19:763-6. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Giebułtowicz
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drugs Analysis; Faculty of Pharmacy; Medical University of Warsaw; Warsaw; Poland
| | - P Wroczyński
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drugs Analysis; Faculty of Pharmacy; Medical University of Warsaw; Warsaw; Poland
| | - D Samolczyk-Wanyura
- Clinic Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery; Oral Surgery and Implantology; Medical University of Warsaw; Warsaw; Poland
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Hassan M, Andersson BS. Role of pharmacogenetics in busulfan/cyclophosphamide conditioning therapy prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Pharmacogenomics 2013; 14:75-87. [PMID: 23252950 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.12.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative treatment for several malignant and nonmalignant disorders. Busulfan (Bu) and cyclophosphamide (Cy) are the most commonly used alkylators in high-dose pretransplant conditioning for HSCT; a treatment that is correlated with drug-related toxicity and relapse. Pharmacogenetic investigations have shown that CYP450, as well as aldehyde dehydrogenase, are clearly involved with Cy metabolism and are associated with altered treatment response, Cy metabolism and the unique stem-cell sparing capacity. Moreover, glutathione-S-transferase isoenzymes have been associated with cellular outward transport of various alkylating agents, including Cy metabolites, melphalan, Bu and chlorambucil. A shift from genetic-based studies to whole-genome-based investigations of Cy- and Bu-associated markers may contribute to personalizing the conditioning therapy and enhancing the clinical outcome of HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustapha Hassan
- Experimental Cancer Medicine (ECM), Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Muzio G, Maggiora M, Paiuzzi E, Oraldi M, Canuto RA. Aldehyde dehydrogenases and cell proliferation. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:735-46. [PMID: 22206977 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) oxidize aldehydes to the corresponding carboxylic acids using either NAD or NADP as a coenzyme. Aldehydes are highly reactive aliphatic or aromatic molecules that play an important role in numerous physiological, pathological, and pharmacological processes. ALDHs have been discovered in practically all organisms and there are multiple isoforms, with multiple subcellular localizations. More than 160 ALDH cDNAs or genes have been isolated and sequenced to date from various sources, including bacteria, yeast, fungi, plants, and animals. The eukaryote ALDH genes can be subdivided into several families; the human genome contains 19 known ALDH genes, as well as many pseudogenes. Noteworthy is the fact that elevated activity of various ALDHs, namely ALDH1A2, ALDH1A3, ALDH1A7, ALDH2*2, ALDH3A1, ALDH4A1, ALDH5A1, ALDH6, and ALDH9A1, has been observed in normal and cancer stem cells. Consequently, ALDHs not only may be considered markers of these cells, but also may well play a functional role in terms of self-protection, differentiation, and/or expansion of stem cell populations. The ALDH3 family includes enzymes able to oxidize medium-chain aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes, such as peroxidic and fatty aldehydes. Moreover, these enzymes also have noncatalytic functions, including antioxidant functions and some structural roles. The gene of the cytosolic form, ALDH3A1, is localized on chromosome 17 in human beings and on the 11th and 10th chromosome in the mouse and rat, respectively. ALDH3A1 belongs to the phase II group of drug-metabolizing enzymes and is highly expressed in the stomach, lung, keratinocytes, and cornea, but poorly, if at all, in normal liver. Cytosolic ALDH3 is induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or chlorinated compounds, such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, in rat liver cells and increases during carcinogenesis. It has been observed that this increased activity is directly correlated with the degree of deviation in hepatoma and lung cancer cell lines, as is the case in chemically induced hepatoma in rats. High ALDH3A1 expression and activity have been correlated with cell proliferation, resistance against aldehydes derived from lipid peroxidation, and resistance against drug toxicity, such as oxazaphosphorines. Indeed, cells with a high ALDH3A1 content are more resistant to the cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of lipidic aldehydes than are those with a low content. A reduction in cell proliferation can be observed when the enzyme is directly inhibited by the administration of synthetic specific inhibitors, antisense oligonucleotides, or siRNA or indirectly inhibited by the induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) with polyunsaturated fatty acids or PPARγ transfection. Conversely, cell proliferation is stimulated by the activation of ALDH3A1, whether by inhibiting PPARγ with a specific antagonist, antisense oligonucleotides, siRNA, or a medical device (i.e., composite polypropylene prosthesis for hernia repair) used to induce cell proliferation. To date, the mechanisms underlying the effects of ALDHs on cell proliferation are not yet fully clear. A likely hypothesis is that the regulatory effect is mediated by the catabolism of some endogenous substrates deriving from normal cell metabolism, such as 4-hydroxynonenal, which have the capacity to either stimulate or inhibit the expression of genes involved in regulating proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Muzio
- Dipartimento di Medicina ed Oncologia Sperimentale, Università di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
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Calzadilla P, Sapochnik D, Cosentino S, Diz V, Dicelio L, Calvo JC, Guerra LN. N-acetylcysteine reduces markers of differentiation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:6936-51. [PMID: 22072928 PMCID: PMC3211019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12106936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetes, hypertension and atherosclerosis. Some authors reported that fat accumulation correlates to systemic oxidative stress in humans and mice, but the relationship of lipid production and oxidative metabolism is still unclear. In our laboratory we used 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, which are able to differentiate into mature adipocytes and accumulate lipids, as obesity model. We showed that intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities increased in parallel with fat accumulation. Meanwhile N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a well known antioxidant and Glutathione (GSH) precursor, inhibited ROS levels as well as fat accumulation in a concentration-dependent manner. NAC also inhibited both adipogenic transcription factors CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBP β) and peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ) expression; we suggested that intracellular GSH content could be responsible for these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Calzadilla
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina; E-Mails: (P.C.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Daiana Sapochnik
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina; E-Mails: (P.C.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Soledad Cosentino
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina; E-Mails: (P.C.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Virginia Diz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina; E-Mails: (V.D.); (L.D.)
| | - Lelia Dicelio
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina; E-Mails: (V.D.); (L.D.)
| | - Juan Carlos Calvo
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina; E-Mails: (P.C.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (J.C.C.)
- IBYME-CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Liliana N. Guerra
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina; E-Mails: (P.C.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (J.C.C.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +54-11-45763300 (ext. 478); Fax: +54-11-45763342
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Liu D, Kong G, Chen QC, Wang G, Li J, Xu Y, lin T, Tian Y, Zhang X, Yao X, Feng G, Lu Z, Chen H. Fatty acids as natural specific inhibitors of the proto-oncogenic protein Shp2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6833-7. [PMID: 21962577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Src homology-2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (Shp2), a novel proto-oncogenic protein, is an important target in cancer therapy research. Approximately 2000 plant extracts were screened to find its natural specific inhibitors, with the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) active extract of the root of Angelica dahurica showing considerable inhibitory effects (IC(50)=21.6 mg/L). Bioguided isolation of EtOAc extract led to 13 compounds, including 10 fatty acids and derivatives. All these compounds were isolated from the plant for the first time. The inhibitory effects of these compounds on the enzyme activities of Shp2, VH1-related human protein (VHR), and hematopoietic protein tyrosine phosphatase (HePTP) were investigated. 8Z,11Z-Feptadecadienoic acid (4), 14Z,17Z-tricosadienoic acid (5), caffeic acid (9), and 2-hydroxy-3-[(1-oxododecyl) oxy]propyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (11) showed considerable selective inhibition of Shp2 activity. After treatment of HepG2 cells with the compounds, only compound 5, a polyunsaturated fatty acid, strongly induced poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage in a dose- and time-dependent manner and increased the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 at 100 μM. Compound 5 also inhibited colony formation of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, this study reported fatty acids as specific Shp2 inhibitors and provided the molecular basis of one active compound as novel potential anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongping Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen City Key Laboratory of Metabolism Disease, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in lung cancer. PPAR Res 2011; 2007:90289. [PMID: 18274632 PMCID: PMC2220082 DOI: 10.1155/2007/90289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2007] [Accepted: 07/03/2007] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Their discovery in the 1990s provided insights into the cellular mechanisms involved in the control of energy homeostasis; the regulation of cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis; and the modulation of important biological and pathological processes related to inflammation, among others. Since then, PPARs have become an exciting therapeutic target for several diseases. PPARs are expressed by many tumors including lung carcinoma cells, and their function has been linked to the process of carcinogenesis in lung. Consequently, intense research is being conducted in this area with the hope of discovering new PPAR-related therapeutic targets for the treatment of lung cancer. This review summarizes the research being conducted in this area and focuses on the mechanisms by which PPARs are believed to affect lung tumor cell biology.
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Martinasso G, Oraldi M, Trombetta A, Maggiora M, Bertetto O, Canuto RA, Muzio G. Involvement of PPARs in Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in Human Colon Cancer Specimens and in Normal and Cancer Cell Lines. PPAR Res 2011; 2007:93416. [PMID: 17389773 PMCID: PMC1852897 DOI: 10.1155/2007/93416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2006] [Revised: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 01/22/2007] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PPAR involvement in cell growth was investigated “in vivo” and “in vitro” and was correlated with cell proliferation and apoptotic death. “In vivo” PPARγ and α were evaluated in colon cancer specimens and adjacent nonneoplastic colonic mucosa. PPARγ increased in most cancer specimens versus mucosa, with a decrease in c-Myc and in PCNA proteins, suggesting that colon cancer growth is due to increased cell survival rather than increased proliferation. The prevalence of survival over proliferation was confirmed by Bcl-2 or Bcl-XL increase in cancer versus mucosa, and by decreased PPARα. “In vitro” PPARγ and PPARα were evaluated in human tumor and normal cell lines, treated with natural or synthetic ligands. PPARγ was involved in inhibiting cell proliferation with a decrease in c-Myc protein, whereas PPARα was involved in inducing apoptosis with modulation of Bcl-2 and Bad proteins. This involvement was confirmed using specific antagonists of two PPARs. Moreover, the results obtained on treating cell lines with PPAR ligands confirm observations in colon cancer: there is an inverse correlation between PPARα and Bcl-2 and between PPARγ and c-Myc.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Martinasso
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - M. Oraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - A. Trombetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - M. Maggiora
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - O. Bertetto
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - R. A. Canuto
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy
- *R. A. Canuto:
| | - G. Muzio
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy
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Activated PPARgamma Targets Surface and Intracellular Signals That Inhibit the Proliferation of Lung Carcinoma Cells. PPAR Res 2011; 2008:254108. [PMID: 18704200 PMCID: PMC2515882 DOI: 10.1155/2008/254108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Their discovery in the 1990s provided insights into the cellular mechanisms involved in the control of energy homeostasis, the regulation of cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis, and the modulation of important biological and pathological processes related to inflammation and cancer biology, among others. Since then, PPARs have become an exciting target for the development of therapies directed at many disorders including cancer. PPARs are expressed in many tumors including lung cancer, and their function has been linked to the process of carcinogenesis. Consequently, intense research is being conducted in this area with the hope of discovering new PPAR-related therapeutic targets for the treatment of lung cancer. This review summarizes the research being conducted in this area, and focuses on the mechanisms by which a member of this family (PPARγ) is believed to affect lung tumor cell biology.
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The Role of PPAR Ligands in Controlling Growth-Related Gene Expression and their Interaction with Lipoperoxidation Products. PPAR Res 2011; 2008:524671. [PMID: 18615196 PMCID: PMC2443425 DOI: 10.1155/2008/524671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. The three PPAR isoforms (α, γ and β/δ) have been found to play a pleiotropic role in cell fat metabolism. Furthermore, in recent years, evidence has been found regarding the antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and differentiation-promoting activities displayed by PPAR ligands, particularly by PPARγ ligands. PPAR ligands affect the expression of different growth-related genes through both PPAR-dependent and PPAR-independent mechanisms. Moreover, an interaction between PPAR ligands and other molecules which strengthen the effects of PPAR ligands has been described. Here we review the action of PPAR on the control of gene expression with particular regard to the effect of PPAR ligands on the expression of genes involved in the regulation of cell-cycle, differentiation, and apoptosis. Moreover, the interaction between PPAR ligands and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), the major product of the lipid peroxidation, has been reviewed.
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Oraldi M, Saracino S, Maggiora M, Chiaravalloti A, Buemi C, Martinasso G, Paiuzzi E, Thompson D, Vasiliou V, Canuto R. Importance of inverse correlation between ALDH3A1 and PPARγ in tumor cells and tissue regeneration. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 191:171-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Berger MJ, Minnerath SR, Adams SD, Tigges BM, Sprague SL, McKenna DH. Gene expression changes with differentiation of cord blood stem cells to respiratory epithelial cells: a preliminary observation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2011; 2:19. [PMID: 21489244 PMCID: PMC3226290 DOI: 10.1186/scrt60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Owing to wide availability, low cost and avoidance of ethical concerns, umbilical cord blood (UCB) provides an attractive source of stem cells for investigational and therapeutic uses. In this study, we sought to characterize the gene expression changes as stem cells from UCB differentiate toward alveolar type II pneumocytes (ATII). Methods Control and experimental cells were cultured in maintenance medium (mesenchymal stem cell growth medium) or differentiation medium (small airway growth medium (SAGM)), respectively, for 8 days. Total RNA was isolated from control and experimental groups for gene expression profiling and real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Results Analysis of only mixed cell lines (n = 2) with parameters including a P value of 0.01 and an intergroup gap of 2.0 yielded a set of 373 differentially expressed genes. Prominently upregulated genes included several genes associated with ATII cells and also lung cancers: ALDH3A1, VDR and CHKA. Several upregulated genes have been shown to be integral or related to ATII functioning: SGK1, HSD17B11 and LEPR. Finally, several upregulated genes appear to play a role in lung cancers, including FDXR and GP96. Downregulated genes appear to be associated with bone, muscle and central nervous system tissues as well as other widespread tissues. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this accounting of the gene expression changes associated with the differentiation of a human UCB-derived stem cell toward an ATII cell represents the first such effort. Dissecting which components of SAGM affect specific gene regulation events is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Berger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC609, Minneapolis, MN 5545, USA.
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Maggiora M, Oraldi M, Muzio G, Canuto RA. Involvement of PPARα and PPARγ in apoptosis and proliferation of human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2011; 28:571-7. [PMID: 20862655 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) mediate the effects of various ligands, known as peroxisome proliferators, a heterogeneous class of compounds including industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and biomolecules such as fatty acids and eicosanoids. Among peroxisome proliferators, fibrate derivatives are considered specific ligands for PPARα, whereas eicosanoids, such as PGJ2, for PPARγ. The study aimed to clarify the relation between PPARs and apoptosis or proliferation on the same type of cells, using clofibrate as specific ligand of PPARα and PGJ2 as specific ligand of PPARγ. The cells used were human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells. The results showed that PPARα protein content increased in HepG2 cells treated with clofibrate, causing apoptosis in a time- and concentration-dependent way, as evidenced by the citofluorimetric assay and determination of BAD, myc and protein phosphatase 2A protein content. It also emerged that PPARγ increased in the same cells when treated with a specific ligand of this PPAR; in this case the increase of PPARγ did not cause an increase of apoptosis, but a time- and concentration-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation, evidenced by decreased cell numbers and increased number of cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cycle. It may be concluded that PPARα is chiefly related to apoptosis and PPARγ to cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Maggiora
- Dipartimento di Medicina ed Oncologia Sperimentale, Università di Torino, Corso Raffaello, Turin, Italy
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Cotogni P, Muzio G, Trombetta A, Ranieri VM, Canuto RA. Impact of the ω‐3 to ω‐6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Ratio on Cytokine Release in Human Alveolar Cells. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2011; 35:114-21. [DOI: 10.1177/0148607110372392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cotogni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuliana Muzio
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonella Trombetta
- Oncology and Hematology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - V. Marco Ranieri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rosa Angela Canuto
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Marchitti SA, Orlicky DJ, Brocker C, Vasiliou V. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3B1 (ALDH3B1): immunohistochemical tissue distribution and cellular-specific localization in normal and cancerous human tissues. J Histochem Cytochem 2010; 58:765-83. [PMID: 20729348 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2010.955773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzymes are critical in the detoxification of endogenous and exogenous aldehydes. Our previous findings indicate that the ALDH3B1 enzyme is expressed in several mouse tissues and is catalytically active toward aldehydes derived from lipid peroxidation, suggesting a potential role against oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to elucidate by immunohistochemistry the tissue, cellular, and subcellular distribution of ALDH3B1 in normal human tissues and in tumors of human lung, colon, breast, and ovary. Our results indicate that ALDH3B1 is expressed in a tissue-specific manner and in a limited number of cell types, including hepatocytes, proximal convoluted tubule cells, cerebellar astrocytes, bronchiole ciliated cells, testis efferent ductule ciliated cells, and histiocytes. ALDH3B1 expression was upregulated in a high percentage of human tumors (lung > breast = ovarian > colon). Increased ALDH3B1 expression in tumor cells may confer a growth advantage or be the result of an induction mechanism mediated by increased oxidative stress. Subcellular localization of ALDH3B1 was predominantly cytosolic in tissues, with the exception of normal human lung and testis, in which localization appeared membrane-bound or membrane-associated. The specificity of ALDH3B1 distribution may prove to be directly related to the functional role of this enzyme in human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satori A Marchitti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Han SW, Roman J. Anticancer actions of PPARγ ligands: Current state and future perspectives in human lung cancer. World J Biol Chem 2010; 1:31-40. [PMID: 21537367 PMCID: PMC3083946 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v1.i3.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-dependent nuclear transcription factors and members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Of the three PPARs identified to date (PPARγ, PPARβ/δ, and PPARα), PPARγ has been studied the most, in part because of the availability of PPARγ agonists (also known as PPARγ ligands) and its significant effects on the management of several human diseases including type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and cancers. PPARγ is expressed in many tumors including lung cancer, and its function has been linked to the process of lung cancer development, progression and metastasis. Studies performed in gynogenic and xenograft models of lung cancer showed decreased tumor growth and metastasis in animals treated with PPARγ ligands. Furthermore, data are emerging from retrospective clinical studies that suggest a protective role for PPARγ ligands on the incidence of lung cancer. This review summarizes the research being conducted in this area and focuses on the mechanisms and potential therapeutic effects of PPARγ ligands as a novel anti-lung cancer treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou Wei Han
- Shou Wei Han, Jesse Roman, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Disorders Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
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Scheim DE. Cytotoxicity of unsaturated fatty acids in fresh human tumor explants: concentration thresholds and implications for clinical efficacy. Lipids Health Dis 2009; 8:54. [PMID: 20003514 PMCID: PMC2801488 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-8-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) exhibit in vitro cytotoxicity against many malignant cell lines and yield decreased cancer incidence and reduced tumor growth in animal models. But clinical and animal studies to date have achieved response using only localized delivery methods such as intratumoral infusion. To explore possibilities for enhanced clinical efficacy, fresh surgical explants of tumors from 22 patients with five malignancies were exposed to γ-linolenic acid (GLA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) and analyzed with an in vitro chemosensitivity testing system, the Fluorescent Cytoprint Assay (FCA). A total of 282 micro-organ cultures derived from these malignant tumors were exposed to GLA and ALA at different concentrations. Results GLA and ALA exhibited greater than 90% cytotoxicity at a sharp concentration threshold between 500 μM and 1 mM against all but two malignant micro-organ cultures tested in 5-10% serum. In tests using 30-40% serum, GLA and ALA killed tumor at concentrations of 2 mM and above. Conclusions The concentration threshold of 500 μM to 2 mM exhibited for antitumor activity by GLA and ALA is much higher than that observed in most previously reported cell culture studies but consistent with physiological concentrations found to kill tumor clinically and in animals. A mechanism of antitumor activity by unsaturated fatty acids through selective destabilization of the malignant plasma membrane is considered. An oral regimen is proposed for phase I clinical testing that could push the area under the curve for serum concentration of unbound unsaturated fatty acids over time to much higher levels than previously achieved for systemic administration and into the range that could yield antitumor response.
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Saracino S, Mozzati M, Martinasso G, Pol R, Canuto RA, Muzio G. Superpulsed laser irradiation increases osteoblast activity via modulation of bone morphogenetic factors. Lasers Surg Med 2009; 41:298-304. [PMID: 19347943 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Laser therapy is a new approach applicable in different medical fields when bone loss occurs, including orthopedics and dentistry. It has also been used to induce soft-tissue healing, for pain relief, bone, and nerve regeneration. With regard to bone synthesis, laser exposure has been shown to increase osteoblast activity and decrease osteoclast number, by inducing alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteopontin, and bone sialoprotein expression. Studies have investigated the effects of continuous or pulsed laser irradiation, but no data are yet available on the properties of superpulsed laser irradiation. This study thus aimed to investigate the effect of superpulsed laser irradiation on osteogenic activity of human osteoblast-like cells, paying particular attention to investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of this type of laser radiation. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells were exposed to 3, 7, or 10 superpulsed laser irradiation (pulse width 200 nanoseconds, minimum peak power 45 W, frequency 30 kHz, total energy 60 J, exposure time 5 minutes). The following parameters were evaluated: cell growth and viability (light microscopy, lactate dehydrogenase release), calcium deposits (Alizarin Red S staining), expression of bone morphogenetic factors (real-time PCR). RESULTS Superpulsed laser irradiation decreases cell growth, induces expression of TGF-beta2, BMP-4, and BMP-7, type I collagen, ALP, and osteocalcin, and increases the size and the number of calcium deposits. The stimulatory effect is maximum on day 10, that is, after seven applications. CONCLUSIONS Reported results show that superpulsed laser irradiation, like the continuous and pulsed counterparts, possesses osteogenic properties, inducing the expression of molecules known to be important mediators of bone formation and, as a consequence, increasing calcium deposits in human MG-63 cells. Moreover, the data suggest a new potential role for PPARgamma as a regulator of osteoblast proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Saracino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy
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Ruiz-Rodriguez A, Reglero G, Ibañez E. Recent trends in the advanced analysis of bioactive fatty acids. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 51:305-26. [PMID: 19525080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of dietary fats have been long associated to chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, arthritis, asthma, and cardiovascular disease; although some controversy still exists in the role of dietary fats in human health, certain fats have demonstrated their positive effect in the modulation of abnormal fatty acid and eicosanoid metabolism, both of them associated to chronic diseases. Among the different fats, some fatty acids can be used as functional ingredients such as alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), stearidonic acid (STA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), among others. The present review is focused on recent developments in FAs analysis, covering sample preparation methods such as extraction, fractionation and derivatization as well as new advances in chromatographic methods such as GC and HPLC. Special attention is paid to trans fatty acids due its increasing interest for the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Ruiz-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Caracterización de Alimentos, Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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Barrera G, Pizzimenti S, Dianzani MU. Lipid peroxidation: control of cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell death. Mol Aspects Med 2007; 29:1-8. [PMID: 18037483 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2007.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 09/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, it has become evident that lipid peroxidation is not only a mechanism for deterioration of alimentary oils and fats, but can occur even in living cells, both in pathological and physiological conditions. Through its aldehydic products, it can regulate several cellular processes, as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of normal and neoplastic cells. In this review we describe some recent findings obtained in these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Barrera
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Oncologia Sperimentale, Corso Raffaello 30, Torino, Italy
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