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Qin T, Dowah RGW, Chen K, Bingwen X, Pan L, Xie J. Antimicrobial potential of carvacrol against Edwardsiella piscicida in vitro. Microb Pathog 2024:106947. [PMID: 39293726 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
With the alarming rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, novel antibacterial substances are urgently needed for controlling and treating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Edwardsiella piscicida is an important zoonotic enteric pathogen, that can cause systemic hemorrhagic septicemia in fish. Carvacrol, a major terpene of oregano essential oil, has a wide range of antibacterial activities. This study aimed to analyze the effect of carvacrol on the growth and virulence of E. piscicida in vitro. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of carvacrol against E. piscicida was 125 μg/mL. The sub-inhibitory concentrations of carvacrol significantly decreased the biofilm formation of E. piscicida in a dose dependent manner, whereas increased the hemolytic activity with a negative correlation. The quantitative real-time PCR results showed that carvacrol at sub-MICs downregulated the expression of related virulence genes, including flagellum (fimA, fliC, flgN), hemolysins (ethA, ethB), quorum sensing systerms (luxR, qseB), T3SS (esrB, esrC) and T6SS (evpB, evpC). Moreover, carvacrol (≤ 1/8 MIC) reduced the cytotoxicity, adherence and internalization activities of E. piscicida to the EPC cells. In vivo trial, the diet mixed with carvacrol increased the survival of zebrafish infected with E. piscicida. Overall, these findings suggested that carvacrol might be a promising therapeutic agent against E. piscicida infection in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Qin
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Richline Gedeh Wentee Dowah
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Faculty of Aquaculture, University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Xi Bingwen
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Liangkun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi 214081, China
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2
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Yan X, Gu C, Yu Z, Zhao M, He L. Histidine Kinase QseC in Glaesserella parasuis Enhances the Secretion of Proinflammatory Cytokines by Macrophages via the p38 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. DNA Cell Biol 2024; 43:474-481. [PMID: 39049814 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2024.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The qseC gene is a two-component system that encodes a histidine protein kinase and is highly conserved among different Glaesserella parasuis strains. In this study, we used qRT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to confirm that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a role in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 by stimulating RAW 264.7 macrophages with QseC. Furthermore, we revealed that blocking the p38 and NF-κB pathways that regulate signaling can significantly reduce the production of proinflammatory cytokines induced by QseC. In summary, our data suggest that QseC is a novel proinflammatory mediator that induces TLR4-dependent proinflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 macrophages through the p38 and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Yan
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Congwei Gu
- Technology Department, Experimental Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zehui Yu
- Technology Department, Experimental Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mingde Zhao
- Technology Department, Experimental Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lvqin He
- Technology Department, Experimental Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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3
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Yan X, Gu C, Xiao W, Zhou Y, Xiang X, Yu Z, He M, Yang Q, Zhao M, He L. Evaluation of immunoregulation and immunoprotective efficacy of Glaesserella parasuis histidine kinase QseC. Microb Pathog 2024; 192:106685. [PMID: 38750774 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
QseC is a membrane sensor kinase that enables bacteria to perceive autoinducers -3, adrenaline, and norepinephrine to initiate downstream gene transcription. In this study, we found that the QseC protein of Glaesserella parasuis can serve as an effective antigen to activate the host's immune response. Therefore, we investigated the immunogenicity and host protective effect of this protein. ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence results showed that QseC protein can induce high titer levels of humoral immunity in mice and regularly generate specific serum antibodies. We used MTS reagents to detect lymphocyte proliferation levels and found that QseC protein can cause splenic lymphocyte proliferation with memory and specificity. Further immunological analysis of the spleen cell supernatant revealed significant upregulation of levels of IL-1β, IL-4 and IFN-γ in the QseC + adjuvant group. In the mouse challenge experiment, it was found that QseC + adjuvant can provide effective protection. The results of this study demonstrate that QseC protein provides effective protection in a mouse model and has the potential to serve as a candidate antigen for a novel subunit vaccine for further research.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Mice
- Interleukin-4/metabolism
- Interleukin-4/immunology
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology
- Haemophilus Infections/immunology
- Haemophilus Infections/prevention & control
- Haemophilus Infections/microbiology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Histidine Kinase/genetics
- Histidine Kinase/metabolism
- Histidine Kinase/immunology
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Interleukin-1beta/genetics
- Immunity, Humoral
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Spleen/immunology
- Bacterial Proteins/immunology
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Cell Proliferation
- Female
- Adjuvants, Immunologic
- Haemophilus parasuis/immunology
- Haemophilus parasuis/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Bacterial Vaccines/immunology
- Bacterial Vaccines/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Lymphocytes/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Yan
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Congwei Gu
- Experimental Animal Center, Technology Department, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wudian Xiao
- Experimental Animal Center, Technology Department, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Xiang
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zehui Yu
- Experimental Animal Center, Technology Department, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Manli He
- Experimental Animal Center, Technology Department, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Experimental Animal Center, Technology Department, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mingde Zhao
- Experimental Animal Center, Technology Department, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lvqin He
- Experimental Animal Center, Technology Department, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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4
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Lubis AR, Sumon MAA, Dinh-Hung N, Dhar AK, Delamare-Deboutteville J, Kim DH, Shinn AP, Kanjanasopa D, Permpoonpattana P, Doan HV, Linh NV, Brown CL. Review of quorum-quenching probiotics: A promising non-antibiotic-based strategy for sustainable aquaculture. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2024; 47:e13941. [PMID: 38523339 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs) and genes (ARGs) in aquaculture underscores the urgent need for alternative veterinary strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR). These measures are vital to reduce the likelihood of entering a post-antibiotic era. Identifying environmentally friendly biotechnological solutions to prevent and treat bacterial diseases is crucial for the sustainability of aquaculture and for minimizing the use of antimicrobials, especially antibiotics. The development of probiotics with quorum-quenching (QQ) capabilities presents a promising non-antibiotic strategy for sustainable aquaculture. Recent research has demonstrated the effectiveness of QQ probiotics (QQPs) against a range of significant fish pathogens in aquaculture. QQ disrupts microbial communication (quorum sensing, QS) by inhibiting the production, replication, and detection of signalling molecules, thereby reducing bacterial virulence factors. With their targeted anti-virulence approach, QQPs have substantial promise as a potential alternative to antibiotics. The application of QQPs in aquaculture, however, is still in its early stages and requires additional research. Key challenges include determining the optimal dosage and treatment regimens, understanding the long-term effects, and integrating QQPs with other disease control methods in diverse aquaculture systems. This review scrutinizes the current literature on antibiotic usage, AMR prevalence in aquaculture, QQ mechanisms and the application of QQPs as a sustainable alternative to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisa Rilla Lubis
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Md Afsar Ahmed Sumon
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nguyen Dinh-Hung
- Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory, School of Animal & Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Arun K Dhar
- Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory, School of Animal & Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Duangkhaetita Kanjanasopa
- Agricultural Science and Technology Program, Faculty of Innovative Agriculture and Fishery Establishment Project, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus, Surat Thani, Thailand
| | - Patima Permpoonpattana
- Agricultural Science and Technology Program, Faculty of Innovative Agriculture and Fishery Establishment Project, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus, Surat Thani, Thailand
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Functional Feed Innovation Center (FuncFeed), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nguyen Vu Linh
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Functional Feed Innovation Center (FuncFeed), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Christopher L Brown
- FAO World Fisheries University Pilot Programme, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
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5
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Ma J, Ahmed MAH, Shao S, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Yin K. The QseE-QseF two-component system: A key mediator of epinephrine-regulated virulence in the marine pathogen Edwardsiella piscicida. Microbiol Res 2024; 279:127561. [PMID: 38056174 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Edwardsiella piscicida is a widespread pathogen that infects various fish species and causes massive hemorrhagic septicemia, resulting in significant property damage to the global aquaculture industry. Type III and VI secretion systems (T3/T6SS), controlled by the master regulator EsrB, are important virulence factors of E. piscicida that enable bacterial colonization and evasion from host immune clearance. In this study, we demonstrate that the QseE-QseF two-component system negatively regulated esrB expression by reanalysis of Tn-seq data. Moreover, the response regulator QseF directly bound to esrB promoter and inhibited the expression of T3/T6SS genes, especially in the presence of epinephrine. Furthermore, in response to the prompt increasing of epinephrine level, the host immune genes were delayed repressed and QseE-QseF timely inhibited the expression of T3/T6SS genes to evade immune clearance. In summary, this study enhances our understanding and knowledge of the conditional pathogenesis mechanism and virulence regulation network of E. piscicida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Moamer A H Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qiyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Haosi Marine Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.
| | - Kaiyu Yin
- School of Hospitality Management, Shanghai Business School, Shanghai 200235, China.
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6
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Sun J, Wen S, Wang Z, Liu W, Lin Y, Gu J, Mao W, Xu X, He Q, Cai X. Glaesserella parasuis QseBC two-component system senses epinephrine and regulates capD expression. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0150823. [PMID: 37882555 PMCID: PMC10714720 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01508-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The key bacterial pathogen Glaesserella parasuis, which can cause Glässer's disease, has caused significant financial losses to the swine industry worldwide. Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) is an important virulence factor for bacteria, providing the ability to avoid recognition and killing by the host immune system. Exploring the alteration of CPS synthesis in G. parasuis in response to epinephrine stimulation can lay the groundwork for revealing the pathogenic mechanism of G. parasuis as well as providing ideas for Glässer's disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Siting Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiayun Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weiting Mao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qigai He
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuwang Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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7
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Luqman A. The orchestra of human bacteriome by hormones. Microb Pathog 2023; 180:106125. [PMID: 37119938 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Human microbiome interact reciprocally with the host. Recent findings showed the capability of microorganisms to response towards host signaling molecules, such as hormones. Studies confirmed the complex response of bacteria in response to hormones exposure. These hormones impact many aspects on bacteria, such as the growth, metabolism, and virulence. The effects of each hormone seem to be species-specific. The most studied hormones are cathecolamines also known as stress hormones that consists of epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine. These hormones affect the growth of bacteria either inhibit or enhance by acting like a siderophore. Epinephrine and norepinephrine have also been reported to activate QseBC, a quorum sensing in Gram-negative bacteria and eventually enhances the virulence of pathogens. Other hormones were also reported to play a role in shaping human microbiome composition and affect their behavior. Considering the complex response of bacteria on hormones, it highlights the necessity to take the impact of hormones on bacteria into account in studying human health in relation to human microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Luqman
- Biology Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia.
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Rehman MNU, Dawar FU, Zeng J, Fan L, Feng W, Wang M, Yang N, Guo G, Zheng J. Complete genome sequence analysis of Edwardsiella tarda SC002 from hatchlings of Siamese crocodile. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1140655. [PMID: 36968469 PMCID: PMC10034365 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1140655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic rod-shaped bacterium and the causative agent of the systemic disease “Edwardsiellosis”. It is commonly prevalent in aquatic organisms with subsequent economic loss and hence has attracted increasing attention from researchers. In this study, we investigated the complete genome sequence of a highly virulent isolate Edwardsiella tarda SC002 isolated from hatchlings of the Siamese crocodile. The genome of SC002 consisted of one circular chromosome of length 3,662,469 bp with a 57.29% G+C content and four novel plasmids. A total of 3,734 protein-coding genes, 12 genomic islands (GIs), 7 prophages, 48 interspersed repeat sequences, 248 tandem repeat sequences, a CRISPR component with a total length of 175 bp, and 171 ncRNAs (tRNA = 106, sRNA = 37, and rRNA = 28) were predicted. In addition, the coding genes of assembled genome were successfully annotated against eight general databases (NR = 3,618/3,734, COG = 2,947/3,734, KEGG = 3,485/3,734, SWISS-PROT = 2,787/3,734, GO = 2,648/3,734, Pfam = 2,648/3,734, CAZy = 130/3,734, and TCDB = 637/3,734) and four pathogenicity-related databases (ARDB = 11/3,734, CARD = 142/3,734, PHI = 538/3,734, and VFDB = 315/3,734). Pan-genome and comparative genome analyses of the complete sequenced genomes confirmed their evolutionary relationships. The present study confirmed that E. tarda SC002 is a potential pathogen bearing a bulk amount of antibiotic resistance, virulence, and pathogenic genes and its open pan-genome may enhance its host range in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nafees Ur Rehman
- Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering (Infection and Immunity), School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Farman Ullah Dawar
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Jifeng Zeng
- Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering (Infection and Immunity), School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Lixia Fan
- Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering (Infection and Immunity), School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering (Infection and Immunity), School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering (Infection and Immunity), School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Nuo Yang
- Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering (Infection and Immunity), School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Guiying Guo
- Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering (Infection and Immunity), School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jiping Zheng
- Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering (Infection and Immunity), School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiping Zheng
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9
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Meethai C, Vanaporn M, Intarak N, Lerdsittikul V, Withatanung P, Janesomboon S, Vattanaviboon P, Chareonsudjai S, Wilkinson T, Stevens MP, Stevens JM, Korbsrisate S. Analysis of the role of the QseBC two-component sensory system in epinephrine-induced motility and intracellular replication of Burkholderia pseudomallei. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282098. [PMID: 36821630 PMCID: PMC9949665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes melioidosis, a severe invasive disease of humans. We previously reported that the stress-related catecholamine hormone epinephrine enhances motility of B. pseudomallei, transcription of flagellar genes and the production of flagellin. It has been reported that the QseBC two-component sensory system regulates motility and virulence-associated genes in other Gram-negative bacteria in response to stress-related catecholamines, albeit disparities between studies exist. We constructed and whole-genome sequenced a mutant of B. pseudomallei with a deletion spanning the predicted qseBC homologues (bpsl0806 and bpsl0807). The ΔqseBC mutant exhibited significantly reduced swimming and swarming motility and reduced transcription of fliC. It also exhibited a defect in biofilm formation and net intracellular survival in J774A.1 murine macrophage-like cells. While epinephrine enhanced bacterial motility and fliC transcription, no further reduction in these phenotypes was observed with the ΔqseBC mutant in the presence of epinephrine. Plasmid-mediated expression of qseBC suppressed bacterial growth, complicating attempts to trans-complement mutant phenotypes. Our data support a role for QseBC in motility, biofilm formation and net intracellular survival of B. pseudomallei, but indicate that it is not essential for epinephrine-induced motility per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatruthai Meethai
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Muthita Vanaporn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narin Intarak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Genomics and Precision, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Varintip Lerdsittikul
- Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Patoo Withatanung
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sujintana Janesomboon
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Toby Wilkinson
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Mark P. Stevens
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne M. Stevens
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (JMS); (SK)
| | - Sunee Korbsrisate
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail: (JMS); (SK)
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10
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QseBC regulates in vitro and in vivo virulence of Aeromonas hydrophila in response to norepinephrine. Microb Pathog 2023; 174:105914. [PMID: 36455751 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The inter-kingdom communication between host and pathogenic bacteria mediated by the host hormones epinephrine (Epi)/norepinephrine (NE)/autoinducer-3 (AI-3) and transduced by the bacterial two-component signal transduction system QseBC has been well demonstrated in mammalian pathogens. Aeromonas hydrophila, a common opportunistic pathogen in freshwater aquaculture, responds to NE by increased bacterial growth and enhanced virulence. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Our study demonstrated that deletion of qseB and qseC significantly inhibited NE-promoted growth, biofilm formation, and hemolytic activity of A. hydrophila. The adhesion ability of ΔqseB and ΔqseC to J774a.1 cells was significantly decreased compared with the wild-type strain in the presence and absence of NE, whereas NE still enhanced the adhesion ability of the mutant and wild-type strains with a similar effect, suggesting that NE-enhanced cell adhesion was independent of QseBC. Moreover, QseBC did not affect the swimming and swarming motility of A. hydrophila with or without NE. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses revealed the down-regulated expression of some virulence-related genes (hly, ast, act, aerA) in each mutant compared with the wild-type strain in the presence of NE. Tilapia infection experiments indicated that deletion of qseB or qseC weakened NE-promoted virulence of A. hydrophila. In conclusion, our study suggests that NE stimulates the growth, biofilm formation, and hemolytic activity of A. hydrophila and enhances the virulence of the pathogen in fish via the QseBC system.
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11
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Yan X, Dai K, Gu C, Yu Z, He M, Xiao W, Zhao M, He L. Deletion of two-component system QseBC weakened virulence of Glaesserella parasuis in a murine acute infection model and adhesion to host cells. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13648. [PMID: 35769141 PMCID: PMC9235811 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread two-component system (TCS), QseBC, involves vital virulence regulators in Enterobacteriaceae and Pasteurellaceae. Here we studied the function of QseBC in Glaesserella parasuis. A ΔqseBC mutant was constructed using a Glaesserella parasuis serovar 11 clinical strain SC1401 by natural transformation. Immunofluorescence was used to evaluate cellular adhesion, the levels of inflammation and apoptosis. The ability of ΔqseBC and ΔqseC mutant strains to adhere to PAM and MLE-12 cells was significantly reduced. Additionally, by focusing on the clinical signs, H&E, and IFA for inflammation and apoptosis, we found that the ΔqseBC mutant weakened virulence in the murine models. Together, these findings suggest that QseBC plays an important role in the virulence of Glaesserella parasuis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ke Dai
- Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Congwei Gu
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zehui Yu
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Manli He
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | | | | | - Lvqin He
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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12
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Lv J, Zhu J, Wang T, Xie X, Wang T, Zhu Z, Chen L, Zhong F, Du H. The Role of the Two-Component QseBC Signaling System in Biofilm Formation and Virulence of Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC43816. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:817494. [PMID: 35464966 PMCID: PMC9019566 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.817494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP) is an evolving infectious pathogen associated with high mortality. The convergence of hypervirulence and multidrug resistance further challenges the clinical treatment options for K. pneumoniae infections. The QseBC two-component system (TCS) is a component of quorum-sensing regulatory cascade and functions as a global regulator of biofilm growth, bacterial motility, and virulence in Escherichia coli. However, the functional mechanisms of QseBC in hvKP have not been reported, and we aim to examine the role of QseBC in regulating virulence in hvKP strain ATCC43816. The CRISPR-Cas9 system was used to construct qseB, qseC, and qseBC knockout in ATCC43816. No significant alterations in the growth and antibiotic susceptibility were detected between wild-type and mutants. The deletion of qseC led to an increase of biofilm formation, resistance to serum killing, and high mortality in the G. mellonella model. RNAseq differential gene expression analysis exhibited that gene-associated biofilm formation (glgC, glgP, glgA, gcvA, bcsA, ydaM, paaF, ptsG), bacterial type VI secretion system (virB4, virB6, virB10, vgrG, hcp), and biosynthesis of siderophore (entC, entD, entE) were significantly upregulated in comparison with the wild-type control. In addition, qseB, ygiW (encode OB-family protein), and AraC family transcriptional regulator IT767_23090 genes showed highest expressions in the absence of QseC, which might be related to increased virulence. The study provided new insights into the functional importance of QseBC in regulating the virulence of hvKP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaofang Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhichen Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Hackensack Meridian Health Center for Discovery and Innovation, Nutley, NJ, United States.,Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, United States
| | - Fengyun Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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13
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Kaszowska M, Górska S, Knirel Y, Kalinchuk N, Gamian A, Katzenellenbogen E. Structural analysis of Edwardsiella tarda PCM 1155 O-polysaccharide revealed the presence of unique β-L-RhapNAc3NAc derivative. Carbohydr Res 2021; 509:108423. [PMID: 34507179 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The chemical structure of the lipopolysaccharide O-polysaccharide repeating unit of Edwardsiella tarda strain PCM 1155 was studied for the first time. The complete structure of repeating unit was investigated by chemical methods, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The rarely occurring monosaccharide, 2,3-diacetamido-2,3,6-trideoxy-l-mannose (L-RhapNAc3NAc) was identified. The following structure was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kaszowska
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, PL-53-114, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Sabina Górska
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, PL-53-114, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Yuriy Knirel
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Kalinchuk
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, PL-53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Katzenellenbogen
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, PL-53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
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14
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He L, Yan X, Dai K, Wen X, Cao S, Huang X, Wu R, Zhao Q, Huang Y, Yan Q, Ma X, Han X, Wen Y. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals that deletion of CheY influences gene expressions of ABC transports and metabolism in Haemophilus parasuis. Funct Integr Genomics 2021; 21:695-707. [PMID: 34676472 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-021-00800-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus (Glaesserella) parasuis is a commensal bacterium that causes Glässer's disease (GD) in swine. As a global transcriptional factor, CheY regulates the expression of hundreds of genes in H. parasuis. In this study, we measured changes in gene expression at the whole transcriptome level using RNAseq. We identified 2058 co-expressed genes, and found 624 differentially expressed genes (q < 0.05) in ΔcheY and SC1401. Several important GO annotations and signaling pathways were identified. RNA-seq results were assembled according to the reference genome, compared with the annotated gene model, and 12 new transcriptional regions were found. Finally, q-PCR results validated the RNA-seq results with 8 randomly selected genes. The present study indicated that CheY is mainly involved in the regulation of ABC transport, oxidative phosphorylation, and β-Lactam resistance. We draw the regulatory network of CheY, which offers greater insight into the regulatory mechanism of CheY in H.parasuis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvqin He
- Technology Department, Experimental Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Yan
- Technology Department, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ke Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xintian Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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15
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Wang W, Jiang J, Chen H, Zhang Y, Liu Q. FtsH is required for protein secretion homeostasis and full bacterial virulence in Edwardsiella piscicida. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105194. [PMID: 34534640 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Edwardsiella piscicida, as an important pathogen of fish, has caused huge losses in aquaculture. The virulence in E. piscicida has been increasingly concerned, but few studies have focused on the relationship between virulence and protein secretion homeostasis. FtsH, as a member of the AAA protease family, has important cellular functions, such as controlling the quality of membrane proteins. In this study, FtsH was demonstrated to be essential in maintaining protein secretion homeostasis, and its deletion could result in the secretion of massive cytoplasmic proteins by non-classical secretion pathway. Furthermore it was showed that FtsH is vital for E. piscicida to proliferate within host cells, and E. piscicida mutant ΔftsH will be obviously attenuated. After zebrafish was infected with the mutant ΔftsH, the lethality rate for zebrafish and the bacterial colonization in its organs were greatly reduced. These results suggested that FtsH, as a regulatory factor, closely linked protein secretory homeostasis with bacterial virulence, which provided clues for further exploring the involvement of protein secretion homeostasis in bacterial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jiatiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), 519000, Zhuhai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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16
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Kim KT, Lee SH, Lee KK, Han JE, Kwak D. Enhanced Virulence of Aeromonas hydrophila Is Induced by Stress and Serial Passaging in Mice. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020508. [PMID: 33669173 PMCID: PMC7919638 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Aeromonas hydrophila, which is an opportunistic zoonotic bacterium, has the ability to infect animals with injuries involving the condition of the aquatic environments. Factors including poor sanitation and water quality, stress, overcrowding, and rough handling can make animals more sensitive to infections and trigger outbreaks of A. hydrophila. A. hydrophila was previously isolated from an African black-footed penguin that died while in captivity at a zoo, following clinical signs of depression and anorexia, and in this study, we investigated the effect of stress and serial passaging in mice on A. hydrophila virulence. Serial passaging in mice enhanced the virulence of A. hydrophila, and A. hydrophila infection combined with administration of stress hormones or fasting increased mortality. Abstract Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from an African black-footed penguin (Spheniscus demersus) that died while in zoo captivity. At necropsy, the virulence of A. hydrophila appeared to be enhanced by stress, so was assessed in the presence of in vitro and in vivo stressors and serial passaging in mice. Virulence genes from the isolate were amplified by PCR. In vitro assays were conducted to test the hemolytic activity, cytotoxicity, and effect of stress hormones on A. hydrophila virulence. In vivo assays were conducted to test the stress effect on mortality of A. hydrophila-infected mice and virulence in mice. Two virulence genes coding for hemolysin (ahh1) and aerolysin (aerA) were detected, and the cytotoxic potential of the isolate was demonstrated in baby hamster kidney and Vero cells. Some or all mice inoculated with A. hydrophila and exposed to stress hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) or low temperature died, while mice inoculated with A. hydrophila and exposed to fasting or agitation stressors or no stressors survived. We concluded that stress can be fatal in mice experimentally infected with A. hydrophila and that serial passaging in mice dramatically enhances the virulence of A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoo-Tae Kim
- Animal Health Center of Zoo Land, Daejeon O-World Theme Park, Daejeon 35073, Korea;
| | - Seung-Hun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
| | - Kyoung-Ki Lee
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea;
| | - Jee Eun Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Dongmi Kwak
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-950-7794
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17
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Jorgenson MA, Bryant JC. A genetic screen to identify factors affected by undecaprenyl phosphate recycling uncovers novel connections to morphogenesis in Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol 2021; 115:191-207. [PMID: 32979869 PMCID: PMC10568968 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Undecaprenyl phosphate (Und-P) is an essential lipid carrier that ferries cell wall intermediates across the cytoplasmic membrane in bacteria. Und-P is generated by dephosphorylating undecaprenyl pyrophosphate (Und-PP). In Escherichia coli, BacA, PgpB, YbjG, and LpxT dephosphorylate Und-PP and are conditionally essential. To identify vulnerabilities that arise when Und-P metabolism is defective, we developed a genetic screen for synthetic interactions which, in combination with ΔybjG ΔlpxT ΔbacA, are lethal or reduce fitness. The screen uncovered novel connections to cell division, DNA replication/repair, signal transduction, and glutathione metabolism. Further analysis revealed several new morphogenes; loss of one of these, qseC, caused cells to enlarge and lyse. QseC is the sensor kinase component of the QseBC two-component system. Loss of QseC causes overactivation of the QseB response regulator by PmrB cross-phosphorylation. Here, we show that deleting qseB completely reverses the shape defect of ΔqseC cells, as does overexpressing rprA (a small RNA). Surprisingly, deleting pmrB only partially suppressed qseC-related shape defects. Thus, QseB is activated by multiple factors in QseC's absence and prior functions ascribed to QseBC may originate from cell wall defects. Altogether, our findings provide a framework for identifying new determinants of cell integrity that could be targeted in future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Jorgenson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Joseph C. Bryant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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18
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Yang Q, Zou P, Cao Z, Wang Q, Fu S, Xie G, Huang J. QseC Inhibition as a Novel Antivirulence Strategy for the Prevention of Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND)-Causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:594652. [PMID: 33553003 PMCID: PMC7859628 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.594652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus resulted in great economic losses in global shrimp aquaculture. There is an urgent need for development of novel strategies to combat AHPND-causing V. parahaemolyticus (Vp AHPND), given that one of the greatest challenges currently is the widespread use of antibiotics and subsequent emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Here, we proposed a broad-spectrum antivirulence approach targeting a conserved histidine kinase, QseC, which has been demonstrated to activate virulence expression in several Gram-negative pathogens. Our results showed that QseC mediated the catecholamine stimulated effects on growth and flagellar motility of Vp AHPND. Transcriptome analysis revealed that QseC was involved in the global regulation of the virulence of Vp AHPND as the ΔqseC mutant exhibited a decreased expression of genes related to type IV pilin, flagellar motility, and biofilm formation, while an overexpression of type VI secretion system and cell wall biosynthesis. Subsequently, the bacterial catecholamine receptor antagonist LED209 not only neutralized the stimulatory effects of host catecholamines on the growth and motility of Vp AHPND in vitro, but also attenuated the virulence of Vp AHPND towards brine shrimp larvae and white shrimp in vivo. Additionally, LED209 presented no interference with pathogen growth, nor the toxicity to the experimental animals. These results suggest that QseC can be an attractive antivirulence therapy target, and LED209 is a promising candidate for development of broad-spectrum antivirulence agents. This is the first study that demonstrated the role of QseC in the global regulation of Vp AHPND infection and demonstrated the antivirulence potential of LED209, which provides insight into the use of an antivirulence approach for targeting not only Vp AHPND, but also a much larger collection of pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China.,Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Peizhuo Zou
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China.,Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhi Cao
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China.,Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingyao Wang
- College of Marine Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (KLECA), Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
| | - Songzhe Fu
- College of Marine Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (KLECA), Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
| | - Guosi Xie
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China.,Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China.,Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Network of Aquaculture Centers in Asia-Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand
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19
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Liang J, Hu X, Lü A, Sun J. First report on the characterization of pathogenic Rahnella aquatilis KCL-5 from crucian carp: Revealed by genomic and proteomic analyses. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:889-914. [PMID: 32608057 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rahnella aquatilis is an important pathogen of several aquatic organisms and is found widely distributed in the freshwater, soil, fish and human clinical samples. Our previously published study reported a novel pathogenic R. aquatilis strain KCL-5 to crucian carp (Carassius auratus). To further investigate the characteristics and pathogenesis caused by R. aquatilis, we here report on the pathological changes, bacterial genomic and proteomic analyses of strain KCL-5. Significantly pathological changes in liver, intestine, spleen and gills were observed in infected fish. The genome consists of one circular chromosome 5,062,299 bp with 52.02% GC content and two plasmids (506,827 bp, 52.16%; 173,433 bp, 50.00%) and predicted 5,653 genes, 77 tRNAs and 22 rRNAs. Some virulence factors were characterized, including outer membrane protein, haemolysin, RTX toxin, chemotaxis and T3SS secretion system. Antimicrobial resistance genes such as EmrAB-TolC, MexABC-OpmB and RosAB efflux pump were found in strain KCL-5. KEGG analysis showed that mainly functional modules were ABC transporters, biosynthesis of amino acids, two-component system, quorum sensing, flagellum assembly and chemotaxis, in which most of them were identified by using 2-DE/MS analyses. To our knowledge, this was first report on the molecular characteristics of R. aquatilis by multi-omics approaches, which will provide insights into the pathogenic mechanism of R. aquatilis infection in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiucai Hu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Aijun Lü
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingfeng Sun
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
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20
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In vitro Edwardsiella piscicida CK108 Transcriptome Profiles with Subinhibitory Concentrations of Phenol and Formalin Reveal New Insights into Bacterial Pathogenesis Mechanisms. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071068. [PMID: 32709101 PMCID: PMC7409036 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenol and formalin are major water pollutants that are frequently discharged into the aquatic milieu. These chemicals can affect broad domains of life, including microorganisms. Aquatic pollutants, unlike terrestrial pollutants, are easily diluted in water environments and exist at a sub-inhibitory concentration (sub-IC), thus not directly inhibiting bacterial growth. However, they can modulate gene expression profiles. The sub-IC values of phenol and formalin were measured by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay to be 0.146% (1.3 mM) and 0.0039% (0.38 mM), respectively, in Edwardsiella piscicida CK108, a Gram-negative fish pathogen. We investigated the differentially expressed genes (DEG) by RNA-seq when the cells were exposed to the sub-ICs of phenol and formalin. DEG analyses revealed that genes involved in major virulence factors (type I fimbriae, flagella, type III and type VI secretion system) and various cellular pathways (energy production, amino acid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and two-component regulatory systems) were up- or downregulated by both chemicals. The genome-wide gene expression data corresponded to the results of a quantitative reverse complementary-PCR and motility assay. This study not only provides insight into how a representative fish pathogen, E. piscicida CK108, responds to the sub-ICs of phenol and formalin but also shows the importance of controlling chemical pollutants in aquatic environments.
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21
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Melchior K, Moreira CG. Novel non-flagellated surface motility mediated by chemical signaling in Citrobacter rodentium. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:881-886. [PMID: 31456170 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) are human intestinal pathogens of clinical importance and their mechanism of pathogenicity is widely studied. However, both EHEC and EPEC poorly infect mice, whereas they do not develop important characteristics of the disease, hindering studies about mechanisms of virulence in vivo. Citrobacter rodentium exhibits high similarity of its genes with these human pathogens, including the island of pathogenicity Locus of Enterocyte Effacement (LEE). Therefore, C. rodentium becomes an alternative in vivo model for microorganisms that harbor LEE. The QseC directly regulates LEE as well as virulence mechanisms on these pathogens. Here, we report a novel surface motility in C. rodentium QseC-mediated in this non-flagellated bacterium. Moreover, we show norepinephrine and ethanolamine act as environmental signals in this movement. Hence, this study clarifies a novel role of the sensor QseC in completely unreported motility process of C. rodentium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Melchior
- UNESP - São Paulo State University, Rod. Araraquara-Jaú, Km 01, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Wei L, Qiao H, Liu B, Yin K, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Wang Q. MarTrack: A versatile toolbox of mariner transposon derivatives used for functional genetic analysis of bacterial genomes. Microbiol Res 2019; 228:126306. [PMID: 31422233 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.126306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The mariner transposon family of Himar1 has been widely used for the random mutagenesis of bacteria to generate single insertions into the chromosome. Here, a versatile toolbox of mariner transposon derivatives was generated and applied to the functional genomics investigation of fish pathogen Edwardsiella piscicida. In this study, we combined the merits of the random mutagenesis of mariner transposon and common efficient reporter marker genes or regulatory elements, mCherry, gfp, luxAB, lacZ, sacBR, and PBAD and antibiotic resistance cassettes to construct a series of derivative transposon vectors, pMmch, pMKGR, pMCGR, pMXKGR, pMLKGR, pMSGR, and pMPR, based on the initial transposon pMar2xT7. The function and effectiveness of the modified transposons were verified by introducing them into E. piscicida EIB202. Based on the toolbox, a transposon insertion mutant library containing approximately 3.0 × 105 distinct mutants was constructed to explore the upstream regulators of esrB, the master regulator of the type III and type VI secretion systems (T3/T6SS) in E. piscicida. Following analysis by Con-ARTIST, ETAE_3474, annotated as fabR and involved in fatty acid metabolism, was screened out and identified as a novel regulator mediating T3SS and T6SS expression. In addition, the fabR mutants displayed critical virulence attenuation in turbot. Due to the broad-range host compatibility of mariner transposons, the newly built transposon toolbox can be applied for functional genomics studies in various bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Haoxian Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Kaiyu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yue Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Qiyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, PR China.
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QseC Signaling in the Outbreak O104:H4 Escherichia coli Strain Combines Multiple Factors during Infection. J Bacteriol 2019; 201:JB.00203-19. [PMID: 31235511 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00203-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) from the O104:H4 specific serotype caused a large outbreak of bloody diarrhea with some complicated cases of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) in Europe in 2011. The outbreak strain consisted in an EAEC capable to produce the Shiga toxin (Stx) subtype 2a, a characteristic from enterohemorrhagic E. coli QseBC two-component system detects AI-3/Epi/NE and mediates the chemical signaling between pathogen and mammalian host. This system coordinates a cascade of virulence genes expression in important human enteropathogens. The blocking of QseC of EAEC C227-11 (Stx+) strain by N-phenyl-4-{[(phenylamino) thioxomethyl]amino}-benzenesulfonamide (also known as LED209) in vivo demonstrated a lower efficiency of colonization. The periplasmic protein VisP, which is related to survival mechanisms in a colitis model of infection, bacterial membrane maintenance, and stress resistance, here presented high levels of expression during the initial infection within the host. Under acid stress conditions, visP expression levels were differentiated in an Stx-dependent way. Together, these results emphasize the important role of VisP and the histidine kinase sensor QseC in the C227-11 (Stx+) outbreak strain for the establishment of the infectious niche process in the C57BL/6 mouse model and of LED209 as a promising antivirulence drug strategy against these enteric pathogens.IMPORTANCE EAEC is a remarkable etiologic agent of acute and persistent diarrhea worldwide. The isolates harbor specific subsets of virulence genes and their pathogenesis needs to be better understood. Chemical signaling via histidine kinase sensor QseC has been shown as a potential target to elucidate the orchestration of the regulatory cascade of virulence factors.
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A case of necrotizing fasciitis following Edwardsiella tarda septicemia with gastroenteritis. J Infect Chemother 2019; 25:1053-1056. [PMID: 31235349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda is an uncommon pathogen that causes gastroenteritis in humans and is found in the aquatic environment. In rare cases, it also causes fatal infections, including sepsis and necrotizing fasciitis. However, it remains unknown whether E. tarda gastroenteritis could lead to these lethal diseases via hematogenous spread. Here we have reported a previously healthy 64-year-old woman with necrotizing fasciitis consecutively caused by E. tarda septicemia with gastroenteritis. The patient was transferred to the emergency department due to disturbance of consciousness and hypotension after suffering from diarrhea for a month. As whole-body computed tomography (CT) revealed an edematous change in the small intestine, septic shock following gastroenteritis was suspected, and the patient was immediately started on empiric antibiotic therapy and provided critical care. Her general physical conditions gradually began improving, but, on day 7, rapidly appearing blisters on both the lower limbs were noted, and she was accordingly examined again by conducting a CT scan. Based on the results, she was diagnosed with necrotizing fasciitis in both lower extremities, and surgical debridement was rapidly performed. Microbiological analysis of the specimens revealed E. tarda bacteremia, which suggested that E. tarda caused a series of infections in this patient. Finally, she fully recovered and was discharged within 3 months. Cumulatively, we proposed that gastroenteritis by E. tarda could directly result in fatal infections through the blood stream.
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Influences of stress hormones on microbial infections. Microb Pathog 2019; 131:270-276. [PMID: 30981718 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Stress hormones have been recently suggested to influence the pathogenicity of bacteria significantly. Stress has been identified as part of the factors causing an outbreak of infections in the aquaculture industry. The most studied neuroendocrine hormonal family from a microbial endocrinology perspective is the catecholamine comprising of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine. It is of importance that catecholamine affects the growth and virulence of bacteria. The influence of stress on bacterial infections is attributed to the ability of catecholamines to suppress the immune system as the mode of action for increased bacterial growth. Catecholamines have increased the growth of bacteria, virulence-associated factors, adhesions, and biofilm formation and consequently influence the outcome of infections by these bacteria in many hosts. The siderophores and the ferric iron transport system plays a vital role in the mechanism by which catecholamines stimulates growth and exposure of genes to stress hormones enhances the expression of genes involved in bacterial virulence. In recent years, it has been discovered that intestinal microflora takes part in bidirectional communication between the gut and brain. The rapidly growing field of microbiome research, understanding the communities of bacteria living within our bodies and the genes they contain is yielding new perspectives. This review reveals catecholamines effects on the growth and virulence of bacteria and the latest trends in microbial endocrinology.
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Torabi Delshad S, Soltanian S, Sharifiyazdi H, Bossier P. Effect of catecholamine stress hormones (dopamine and norepinephrine) on growth, swimming motility, biofilm formation and virulence factors of Yersinia ruckeri in vitro and an in vivo evaluation in rainbow trout. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:477-487. [PMID: 30694560 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the impact of the catecholamines on growth, swimming motility, biofilm formation and some virulence factors activities of pathogenic Yersinia ruckeri. Norepinephrine and dopamine (at 100 µM) significantly increased the growth of Y. ruckeri in culture media containing serum. An increase in swimming motility of the pathogen was found following the exposure to the hormones; however, no effect was seen on caseinase, phospholipase and haemolysin productions. Further, antagonists for the catecholamine receptors were observed to block some of the influences of the catecholamines. Indeed, the effects of catecholamines were inhibited by chlorpromazine (the dopaminergic receptor antagonist) for dopamine, labetalol (α-and β-adrenergic receptor antagonist) and phenoxybenzamine (the α-adrenergic receptor antagonist) for norepinephrine, but propranolol (the β-adrenergic receptor antagonist) showed no effect. Pretreatment of Y. ruckeri with the catecholamines resulted in a significant enhancement of its virulence towards rainbow trout and the antagonists could neutralize the effect of the stress hormones in vivo. In summary, our results show that the catecholamines increase the virulence of Y. ruckeri which is pathogenic to trout through increasing the motility, biofilm formation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Torabi Delshad
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Siyavash Soltanian
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Sharifiyazdi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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Katharios P, Kalatzis PG, Kokkari C, Pavlidis M, Wang Q. Characterization of a Highly Virulent Edwardsiella anguillarum Strain Isolated From Greek Aquaculture, and a Spontaneously Induced Prophage Therein. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:141. [PMID: 30787917 PMCID: PMC6372524 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Edwardsiella-associated outbreaks are increasingly reported on both marine and freshwater aquaculture setups, accounting for severe financial and biomass losses. E. tarda, E. ictaluri, and E. hoshinae have been the traditional causative agents of edwardsiellosis in aquaculture, however, intensive studies due to the significance of the disease have just recently revealed two more species, E. piscicida and E. anguillarum. Whole genome sequencing that was conducted on the strain EA011113, isolated from farmed Diplodus puntazzo after an edwardsiellosis outbreak in Greece, confirmed it as a new clinical strain of E. anguillarum. Extensive phylogenetic analysis showed that this Greek strain is closely related to an Israeli E. piscicida-like clinical strain, isolated from diseased groupers, Epinephelus aeneus and E. marginatus in Red Sea. Bioinformatic analyses of E. anguillarum strain EA011113 unveiled a wide repertoire of potential virulence factors, the effect of which was corroborated by the mortalities that the strain induced in adult zebrafish, Danio rerio, under different levels of infection intensity (LD50 after 48 h: 1.85 × 104 cfu/fish). This strain was non-motile and according to electron microscopy lacked flagella, a fact that is not typical for E. anguillarum. Comparative genomic analysis revealed a deletion of 36 nt found in the flagellar biosynthetic gene (FlhB) that could explain that trait. Further in silico analysis revealed an intact prophage that was integrated in the bacterial genome. Following spontaneous induction, the phage was isolated, purified, characterized and independently sequenced, confirming its viability as a free, inducible virion as well. Separate genomic analysis of the prophage implies a plausible case of lysogenic conversion. Focusing on edwardsiellosis as a rapidly emerging aquaculture disease on a global scale, this work offers some insight into the virulence, fitness, and potential lysogenic conversion of a of a newly described, yet highly pathogenic, strain of E. anguillarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pantelis Katharios
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Panos G. Kalatzis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Greece
- Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Constantina Kokkari
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Qiyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China
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Wei L, Qiao H, Liu B, Yin K, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Wang Q. MarTrack: A versatile toolbox of mariner transposon derivatives used for functional genetic analysis of bacterial genomes. Microbiol Res 2019; 219:84-93. [PMID: 30642470 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mariner transposon family of Himar1 has been widely used for the random mutagenesis of bacteria to generate single insertions into the chromosome. Here, a versatile toolbox of mariner transposon derivatives was generated and applied to the functional genomics investigation of fish pathogen Edwardsiella piscicida. In this study, we combined the merits of the random mutagenesis of mariner transposon and common efficient reporter marker genes or regulatory elements, mcherry, gfp, luxAB, lacZ, sacBR, and PBAD and antibiotic resistance cassettes to construct a series of derivative transposon vectors, pMmch, pMKGR, pMCGR, pMXKGR, pMLKGR, pMSGR, and pMPR, based on the initial transposon pMar2xT7. The function and effectiveness of the modified transposons were verified by introducing them into E. piscicida EIB202. Based on the toolbox, a transposon insertion mutant library containing approximately 3.0 × 105 separated mutants was constructed to explore the upstream regulators of esrB, the master regulator of the type III and type VI secretion systems (T3/T6SS) in E. piscicida. Following analysis by Con-ARTIST, ETAE_2184 (renamed as EsrR) was screened out and identified as a novel regulator mediating T3SS expression. In addition, the esrR mutants displayed critical virulence attenuation. Due to the broad-range host compatibility of mariner transposons, the newly built transposon toolbox can be broadly applied for functional genomics studies in various bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Haoxian Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Kaiyu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yue Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Qiyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, PR China.
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Xu W, Gu Z, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Yang D. Edwardsiella piscicida virulence effector trxlp promotes the NLRC4 inflammasome activation during infection. Microb Pathog 2018; 123:496-504. [PMID: 30118802 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Edwardsiella piscicida is an important pathogenic bacterium that causes hemorrhagic septicemia in fish. This bacterium could activate NLRC4 and NLRP3 inflammasomes via type III secretion system (T3SS), and inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome via type VI secretion system (T6SS) effector during infection in macrophages. However, the roles of other virulence factors in regulating inflammasome activation during E. piscicida infection remain poorly understood. In this study, we focused on clarification the role of ETAE_RS10155, a thioredoxin-like protein (Trxlp), during bacterial infection in macrophages. We found that mutation of this gene barely influences the bacteria growth and infection capability. Interestingly, the inflammasome activation was reduced in Δtrxlp-infected macrophages, compared with wild-type E. piscicida did. Moreover, Trxlp mainly promotes the NLRC4, but not NLRP3 inflammasome activation during E. piscicida infection. Finally, Trxlp-mediated NLRC4 inflammasome activation is crucial for host surveillance in vivo. Taken together, our results clarify the complex and contextual role of bacterial virulence effector in modulating inflammasome activation, and offer new insights into the warfare between the fish bacterial weapons and host innate immunological surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhaoyan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Lingzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Marine Cultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Marine Cultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Dahai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Marine Cultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Novel Role of VisP and the Wzz System during O-Antigen Assembly in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Pathogenesis. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00319-18. [PMID: 29866904 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00319-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovars are associated with diarrhea and gastroenteritis and are a helpful model for understanding host-pathogen mechanisms. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium regulates the distribution of O antigen (OAg) and presents a trimodal distribution based on Wzy polymerase and the WzzST (long-chain-length OAg [L-OAg]) and WzzfepE (very-long-chain-length OAg [VL-OAg]) copolymerases; however, several mechanisms regulating this process remain unclear. Here, we report that LPS modifications modulate the infectious process and that OAg chain length determination plays an essential role during infection. An increase in VL-OAg is dependent on Wzy polymerase, which is promoted by a growth condition resembling the environment of Salmonella-containing vacuoles (SCVs). The virulence- and stress-related periplasmic protein (VisP) participates in OAg synthesis, as a ΔvisP mutant presents a semirough OAg phenotype. The ΔvisP mutant has greatly decreased motility and J774 macrophage survival in a colitis model of infection. Interestingly, the phenotype is restored after mutation of the wzzST or wzzfepE gene in a ΔvisP background. Loss of both the visP and wzzST genes promotes an imbalance in flagellin secretion. L-OAg may function as a shield against host immune systems in the beginning of an infectious process, and VL-OAg protects bacteria during SCV maturation and facilitates intramacrophage replication. Taken together, these data highlight the roles of OAg length in generating phenotypes during S Typhimurium pathogenesis and show the periplasmic protein VisP as a novel protein in the OAg biosynthesis pathway.
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Munang'andu HM. Intracellular Bacterial Infections: A Challenge for Developing Cellular Mediated Immunity Vaccines for Farmed Fish. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6020033. [PMID: 29690563 PMCID: PMC6027125 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture is one of the most rapidly expanding farming systems in the world. Its rapid expansion has brought with it several pathogens infecting different fish species. As a result, there has been a corresponding expansion in vaccine development to cope with the increasing number of infectious diseases in aquaculture. The success of vaccine development for bacterial diseases in aquaculture is largely attributed to empirical vaccine designs based on inactivation of whole cell (WCI) bacteria vaccines. However, an upcoming challenge in vaccine design is the increase of intracellular bacterial pathogens that are not responsive to WCI vaccines. Intracellular bacterial vaccines evoke cellular mediated immune (CMI) responses that “kill” and eliminate infected cells, unlike WCI vaccines that induce humoral immune responses whose protective mechanism is neutralization of extracellular replicating pathogens by antibodies. In this synopsis, I provide an overview of the intracellular bacterial pathogens infecting different fish species in aquaculture, outlining their mechanisms of invasion, replication, and survival intracellularly based on existing data. I also bring into perspective the current state of CMI understanding in fish together with its potential application in vaccine development. Further, I highlight the immunological pitfalls that have derailed our ability to produce protective vaccines against intracellular pathogens for finfish. Overall, the synopsis put forth herein advocates for a shift in vaccine design to include CMI-based vaccines against intracellular pathogens currently adversely affecting the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetron Mweemba Munang'andu
- Section of Aquatic Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ullevålsveien 72, P.O. Box 8146, Dep NO-0033, 046 Oslo, Norway.
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32
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He L, Dai K, Wen X, Ding L, Cao S, Huang X, Wu R, Zhao Q, Huang Y, Yan Q, Ma X, Han X, Wen Y. QseC Mediates Osmotic Stress Resistance and Biofilm Formation in Haemophilus parasuis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:212. [PMID: 29487590 PMCID: PMC5816903 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is known as a commensal organism discovered in the upper respiratory tract of swine where the pathogenic bacteria survive in various adverse environmental stress. QseC, a histidine protein kinase of the two-component regulatory systems CheY/QseC, is involved in the environmental adaptation in bacteria. To investigate the role of QseC in coping with the adverse environment stresses and survive in the host, we constructed a qseC mutant of H. parasuis serovar 13 strain (ΔqseC), MY1902. In this study, we found that QseC was involved in stress tolerance of H. parasuis, by the ΔqseC exhibited a decreased resistance to osmotic pressure, oxidative stress, and heat shock. Moreover, the ΔqseC weakened the ability to take up iron and biofilm formation. We also found that the QseC participate in sensing the epinephrine in environment to regulate the density of H. parasuis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvqin He
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Dai
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xintian Wen
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingqiang Ding
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Science-observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Liu Y, Zhao L, Yang M, Yin K, Zhou X, Leung KY, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Wang Q. Transcriptomic dissection of the horizontally acquired response regulator EsrB reveals its global regulatory roles in the physiological adaptation and activation of T3SS and the cognate effector repertoire in Edwardsiella piscicida during infection toward turbot. Virulence 2017; 8:1355-1377. [PMID: 28441105 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1323157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Edwardsiella piscicida is the leading pathogen threatening worldwide aquaculture industries. The 2-component system (TCS) EsrA-EsrB is essential for the pathogenesis of this bacterium. However, little is known about the regulon and regulatory mechanism of EsrA-EsrB or about the factors that mediate the interaction of TCS with bacterial hosts. Here, our RNA-seq analysis indicated that EsrB strongly induces type III and type VI secretion systems (T3/T6SS) expression and that it modulates the expression of both physiology- and virulence-associated genes in E. piscicida grown in DMEM. EsrB binds directly to a highly conserved 18-bp DNA motif to regulate the expression of T3SS and other genes. EsrB/DMEM-activated genes include 3 known and 6 novel T3SS-dependent effectors. All these effector genes are highly induced by EsrB during the late stage of in vivo infection in fish. Furthermore, although in vivo colonization by the bacterium relies on EsrB and T3/T6SS expression, it does not require the expression of individual effectors other than EseJ. The mutant lacking these 9 effectors showed significant defects in in vivo colonization and virulence toward turbot, and, more importantly, a high level of protection against challenges by wild-type E. piscicida, suggesting that it may represent a promising live attenuated vaccine. Taken together, our data demonstrate that EsrB plays a global regulatory role in controlling physiologic responses and the expression of T3SS and its cognate effector genes. Our findings will facilitate further work on the mechanism of molecular pathogenesis of this bacterium during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Luyao Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Minjun Yang
- b Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics , Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai , Shanghai , China
| | - Kaiyu Yin
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- c Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science , University of Connecticut , Storrs , CT , USA
| | - Ka Yin Leung
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China.,d Department of Biology , Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Trinity Western University , Langley , BC , Canada
| | - Qin Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China.,e Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines , Shanghai , China.,f Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China.,e Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines , Shanghai , China.,f Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Qiyao Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China.,e Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines , Shanghai , China.,f Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology , Shanghai , China
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Ji Y, Li W, Zhang Y, Chen L, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Huang X, Ni B. QseB mediates biofilm formation and invasion in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. Microb Pathog 2017; 104:6-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Qin L, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Xu J, Bi K. In vitro model to estimate Edwardsiella tarda-macrophage interactions using RAW264.7 cells. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 60:177-184. [PMID: 27838567 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda has been recognized as an important facultative intracellular pathogen of fish with capability of survival and replication within macrophages. E. tarda-macrophage interactions play a very important role in the defense mechanism of fish against infection. The mechanisms that E. tarda use to infect and persist inside macrophages are not well characterized. To gain insight concerning this process, RAW264.7 cells was used to investigate the interactions between E. tarda and macrophages. Using an in vitro model involving RAW264.7 cells, internalization assay demonstrated that MOIs of 10:1 and 100:1 could result in a satisfactory infection rate after a 2 h infection period. Consistent with the performance in fish macrophages, E. tarda could survive, replicate and induce iNOS-mediated NO production in RAW264.7 cells. Light and electron microscopy confirmed the internalization and replication of E. tarda in RAW264.7 cells, showing once inside macrophages, numberous bacteria may be destroyed within phagolysosomes and those that successfully subvert phagocyte defenses are capable of extensively replicating within the vacuolar-like compartment in macrophages. In addition, E. tarda-induced apoptosis was observed in RAW264.7 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner, characterized by increased Annexin V binding and the activation of caspase-3. The results described here indicate that RAW264.7 cells could model the behavior of fish macrophages in response to E. tarda in many ways and may serve as a cell model for study on interactions between E. tarda and macrophages. The successful establishment of E. tarda-invaded RAW264.7 cells model may contribute to providing a basis for more detailed understanding of E. tarda pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qin
- College of Marine Science, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Lianyungang, China.
| | - Yuying Sun
- College of Marine Science, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yanjing Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Lianyungang, China
| | - Keran Bi
- College of Marine Science, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China
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Abstract
Enteric pathogens such as enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and Citrobacter rodentium, which is largely used as a surrogate EHEC model for murine infections, are exposed to several host neurotransmitters in the gut. An important chemical exchange within the gut involves the neurotransmitters epinephrine and/or norepinephrine, extensively reported to increase virulence gene expression in EHEC, acting through two bacterial adrenergic sensors: QseC and QseE. However, EHEC is unable to establish itself and cause its hallmark lesions, attaching and effacing (AE) lesions, on murine enterocytes. To address the role of these neurotransmitters during enteric infection, we employed C. rodentium. Both EHEC and C. rodentium harbor the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) that is necessary for AE lesion formation. Here we show that expression of the LEE, as well as that of other virulence genes in C. rodentium, is also activated by epinephrine and/or norepinephrine. Both QseC and QseE are required for LEE gene activation in C. rodentium, and the qseC and qseE mutants are attenuated for murine infection. C. rodentium has a decreased ability to colonize dopamine β-hydroxylase knockout (Dbh−/−) mice, which do not produce epinephrine and norepinephrine. Both adrenergic sensors are required for C. rodentium to sense these neurotransmitters and activate the LEE genes during infection. These data indicate that epinephrine and norepinephrine are sensed by bacterial adrenergic receptors during enteric infection to promote activation of their virulence repertoire. This is the first report of the role of these neurotransmitters during mammalian gastrointestinal (GI) infection by a noninvasive pathogen. The epinephrine and norepinephrine neurotransmitters play important roles in gut physiology and motility. Of note, epinephrine and norepinephrine play a central role in stress responses in mammals, and stress has profound effects on GI function. Bacterial enteric pathogens exploit these neurotransmitters as signals to coordinate the regulation of their virulence genes. The bacterial QseC and QseE adrenergic sensors are at the center of this regulatory cascade. C. rodentium is a noninvasive murine pathogen with a colonization mechanism similar to that of EHEC, enabling the investigation of host signals in mice. The presence of these neurotransmitters in the gut is necessary for C. rodentium to fully activate its virulence program, in a QseC/QseE-dependent manner, to successfully colonize its murine host. Our study data provide the first example of epinephrine and norepinephrine signaling within the gut to stimulate infection by a bacterial pathogen in a natural animal infection.
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Gao D, Li Y, Xu Z, Sheng A, Zheng E, Shao Z, Liu N, Lu C. The role of regulator Eha in Edwardsiella tarda pathogenesis and virulence gene transcription. Microb Pathog 2016; 95:216-223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Chemical signaling between cells is an effective way to coordinate behavior within a community. Although cell-to-cell signaling has mostly been studied in single species, it is now appreciated that the sensing of chemical signals across kingdoms can be an important regulator of nutrient acquisition, virulence, and host defense. In this review, we focus on the role of interkingdom signaling in the interactions that occur between bacterial pathogens and their mammalian hosts. We discuss the quorum-sensing (QS) systems and other mechanisms used by these bacteria to sense, respond to, and modulate host signals that include hormones, immune factors, and nutrients. We also describe cross talk between these signaling pathways and strategies used by the host to interfere with bacterial signaling, highlighting the complex bidirectional signaling networks that are established across kingdoms.
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Weigel WA, Demuth DR. QseBC, a two-component bacterial adrenergic receptor and global regulator of virulence in Enterobacteriaceae and Pasteurellaceae. Mol Oral Microbiol 2015; 31:379-97. [PMID: 26426681 PMCID: PMC5053249 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The QseBC two-component system (TCS) is associated with quorum sensing and functions as a global regulator of virulence. Based on sequence similarity within the sensor domain and conservation of an acidic motif essential for signal recognition, QseBC is primarily distributed in the Enterobacteriaceae and Pasteurellaceae. In Escherichia coli, QseC responds to autoinducer-3 and/or epinephrine/norepinephrine. Binding of epinephrine/norepinephrine is inhibited by adrenergic antagonists; hence QseC functions as a bacterial adrenergic receptor. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans QseC is activated by a combination of epinephrine/norepinephrine and iron, whereas only iron activates the Haemophilus influenzae sensor. QseC phosphorylates QseB but there is growing evidence that QseB is activated by non-cognate sensors and regulated by dephosphorylation via QseC. Interestingly, the QseBC signaling cascades and regulons differ significantly. In enterohemorrhagic E. coli, QseC induces expression of a second adrenergic TCS and phosphorylates two non-cognate response regulators, each of which induces specific sets of virulence genes. This signaling pathway integrates with other regulatory mechanisms mediated by transcriptional regulators QseA and QseD and a fucose-sensing TCS and likely controls the level and timing of virulence gene expression. In contrast, A. actinomycetemcomitans QseC signals through QseB to regulate genes involved in anaerobic metabolism and energy production, which may prime cellular metabolism for growth in an anaerobic host niche. QseC represents a novel target for therapeutic intervention and small molecule inhibitors already show promise as broad-spectrum antimicrobials. Further characterization of QseBC signaling may identify additional differences in QseBC function and inform further development of new therapeutics to control microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Weigel
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - D R Demuth
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
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Lee SB, Choe Y, Chon TS, Kang HY. Analysis of zebrafish (Danio rerio) behavior in response to bacterial infection using a self-organizing map. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:269. [PMID: 26497220 PMCID: PMC4619490 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0579-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal behavioral responses have been recently established as a suitable tool for detecting contaminants in the environment for risk assessment in situ. In this study, we observed movement behavior of zebrafish (Danio rerio) before and after infection with Edwardsiella tarda CK41 for 3 days until death. METHODS Infection status of zebrafish was confirmed through PCR and colonization assay as time progressed and lesion development in the tails of zebrafish was also examined. Movement behaviors in response to bacterial infection were patterned by self-organizing map (SOM) based on movement parameters, including speed (mm/s), acceleration (mm/s (2) ), stop duration (t), stop number (n), locomotory rate (mm/s), turning rate (rad/s), and meander (rad/mm). RESULTS According to SOM result, clusters were identified firstly according to time and secondly according to infection. Two movement patterns were observed in the early period of infection: one group with minimum turning rate and meander (i.e., stiff movement) and the other group with maximum strop number. Late infection was characterized by long stop duration. CONCLUSION SOM was suitable for extracting complex behavioral data and thus can serve as a referencing system for diagnosing disease development in order to reveal the mechanism of the infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Bin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yunjeong Choe
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 63beon-gill, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Soo Chon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea. .,Ecology & Future Research Association (EnFRA), 21 Dusil-ro, 45 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 609-802, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Young Kang
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 63beon-gill, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea.
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Zhao J, Chen M, Quan CS, Fan SD. Mechanisms of quorum sensing and strategies for quorum sensing disruption in aquaculture pathogens. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2015; 38:771-786. [PMID: 25219871 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In many countries, infectious diseases are a considerable threat to aquaculture. The pathogenicity of micro-organisms that infect aquaculture systems is closely related to the release of virulence factors and the formation of biofilms, both of which are regulated by quorum sensing (QS). Thus, QS disruption is a potential strategy for preventing disease in aquaculture systems. QS inhibitors (QSIs) not only inhibit the expression of virulence-associated genes but also attenuate the virulence of aquaculture pathogens. In this review, we discuss QS systems in important aquaculture pathogens and focus on the relationship between QS mechanisms and bacterial virulence in aquaculture. We further elucidate QS disruption strategies for targeting aquaculture pathogens. Four main types of QSIs that target aquaculture pathogens are discussed based on their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering State Ethnic Affairs Commission-Ministry of Education, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, China
- College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, China
| | - M Chen
- College of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - C S Quan
- Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering State Ethnic Affairs Commission-Ministry of Education, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, China
- College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, China
| | - S D Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering State Ethnic Affairs Commission-Ministry of Education, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, China
- College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, China
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Choi SH, Kim MS, Kim KH. Generation of killed but metabolically active (KBMA) Edwardsiella tarda and evaluation of its potential as a protective vaccine. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 45:889-894. [PMID: 26074095 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A technology for inactivation of pathogens in human blood products by treatment with amotosalen hydrochloride (S-59) in combination with long wavelength ultraviolet light (UVA) to decrease transfusion-mediated sepsis has been applied to make safe vaccines against human pathogenic bacteria, and the resultants were called killed but metabolically active (KBMA) bacteria. In the present study, we first generated KBMA Edwardsiella tarda and evaluated its potential as a protective vaccine in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). To prevent the restoration of division ability by removal of psoralen adducts in the bacterial chromosome through the nucleotide excision repair (NER), the uvrA and uvrB genes knock-out E. tarda (ΔuvrAB E. tarda) was produced by the allelic exchange method. The optimal condition for generation of KBMA E. tarda was exposure of the ΔuvrAB E. tarda to 100 ng/ml of S-59 and 2.8 J/cm(2) of UVA irradiation. The KBMA E. tarda could not replicate but showed a high metabolic activity (measured by lactate dehydrogenase activity) that was comparable to the wild-type E. tarda. In comparison of survival rates between groups vaccinated with the same dose of bacteria, fish immunized with KBMA E. tarda showed significantly higher survival rates than fish immunized with formalin-killed cell (FKC) E. tarda. Furthermore, fish immunized with 1 × 10(7) CFU/fish of KBMA E. tarda showed no mortality, while PBS-injected fish showed 100% mortality. The serum agglutination titer was sharply increased by 10(7) CFU/fish of KBMA E. tarda compared to those of fish immunized with 10(6) CFU/fish of KBMA E. tarda or 10(7) CFU/fish of FKC E. tarda. The consistently lower serum agglutination titers against KBMA E. tarda than against FKC E. tarda in both KBMA and FKC E. tarda immunized groups suggest that some factors secreted from KBMA E. tarda might inhibit the serum agglutination activity. In conclusion, the present results showed the higher potential of KBMA E. tarda than FKC E. tarda as a prophylactic vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyuk Choi
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu 599-1, Busan 608-737, South Korea
| | - Min Sun Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu 599-1, Busan 608-737, South Korea
| | - Ki Hong Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu 599-1, Busan 608-737, South Korea.
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Harrison CF, Kicka S, Kranjc A, Finsel I, Chiriano G, Ouertatani-Sakouhi H, Soldati T, Scapozza L, Hilbi H. Adrenergic antagonists restrict replication of Legionella. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2015; 161:1392-406. [PMID: 25873585 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is a facultative intracellular bacterium, which upon inhalation can cause a potentially fatal pneumonia termed Legionnaires' disease. The opportunistic pathogen grows in environmental amoebae and mammalian macrophages within a unique membrane-bound compartment, the 'Legionella-containing vacuole'. Bacteria are exposed to many environmental cues including small signalling molecules from eukaryotic cells. A number of pathogenic bacteria sense and respond to catecholamine hormones, such as adrenalin and noradrenalin, a process mediated via the QseBC two-component system in some bacteria. In this study, we examined the effect of adrenergic compounds on L. pneumophila, and discovered that the adrenergic receptor antagonists benoxathian, naftopidil, propranolol and labetalol, as well as the QseC sensor kinase inhibitor LED209, reduced the growth of L. pneumophila in broth or amoebae, while replication in macrophages was enhanced. Growth restriction was common to members of the genus Legionella and Mycobacterium, and was observed for L. pneumophila in the replicative but not stationary phase of the biphasic life cycle. Deletion of the L. pneumophila qseBC genes indicated that growth inhibition by adrenergics or LED209 is mediated only to a minor extent by this two-component system, implying the presence of other adrenergic sensing systems. This study identifies adrenergic molecules as novel inhibitors of extra- and intracellular growth of Legionella and reveals LED209 as a potential lead compound to combat infections with Legionella or Mycobacterium spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Harrison
- 1Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Department of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Sébastien Kicka
- 2Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Agata Kranjc
- 3School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ivo Finsel
- 1Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Department of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Gianpaolo Chiriano
- 3School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Thierry Soldati
- 2Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Leonardo Scapozza
- 3School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hubert Hilbi
- 1Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Department of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany 5Institute of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medicine, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 30/32, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
Invasive pathogens interface with the host and its resident microbiota through interkingdom signaling. The bacterial receptor QseC, which is a membrane-bound histidine sensor kinase, responds to the host stress hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine and the bacterial signal AI-3, integrating interkingdom signaling at the biochemical level. Importantly, the QseC signaling cascade is exploited by many bacterial pathogens to promote virulence. Here, we translated this basic science information into development of a potent small molecule inhibitor of QseC, LED209. Extensive structure activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed that LED209 is a potent prodrug that is highly selective for QseC. Its warhead allosterically modifies lysines in QseC, impairing its function and preventing the activation of the virulence program of several Gram-negative pathogens both in vitro and during murine infection. LED209 does not interfere with pathogen growth, possibly leading to a milder evolutionary pressure toward drug resistance. LED209 has desirable pharmacokinetics and does not present toxicity in vitro and in rodents. This is a unique antivirulence approach, with a proven broad-spectrum activity against multiple Gram-negative pathogens that cause mammalian infections. There is an imminent need for development of novel treatments for infectious diseases, given that one of the biggest challenges to medicine in the foreseeable future is the emergence of microbial antibiotic resistance. Here, we devised a broad-spectrum antivirulence approach targeting a conserved histidine kinase, QseC, in several Gram-negative pathogens that promotes their virulence expression. The LED209 QseC inhibitor has a unique mode of action by acting as a prodrug scaffold to deliver a warhead that allosterically modifies QseC, impeding virulence in several Gram-negative pathogens.
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45
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Yang Q, Anh NDQ, Bossier P, Defoirdt T. Norepinephrine and dopamine increase motility, biofilm formation, and virulence of Vibrio harveyi. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:584. [PMID: 25414697 PMCID: PMC4222227 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio harveyi is one of the major pathogens of aquatic organisms, affecting both vertebrates and invertebrates, and causes important losses in the aquaculture industry. In order to develop novel methods to control disease caused by this pathogen, we need to obtain a better understanding of pathogenicity mechanisms. Sensing of catecholamines increases both growth and production of virulence-related factors in pathogens of terrestrial animals and humans. However, at this moment, knowledge on the impact of catecholamines on the virulence of pathogens of aquatic organisms is lacking. In the present study, we report that in V. harveyi, norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (Dopa) increased growth in serum-supplemented medium, siderophore production, swimming motility, and expression of genes involved in flagellar motility, biofilm formation, and exopolysaccharide production. Consistent with this, pretreatment of V. harveyi with catecholamines prior to inoculation into the rearing water resulted in significantly decreased survival of gnotobiotic brine shrimp larvae, when compared to larvae challenged with untreated V. harveyi. Further, NE-induced effects could be neutralized by α-adrenergic antagonists or by the bacterial catecholamine receptor antagonist LED209, but not by β-adrenergic or dopaminergic antagonists. Dopa-induced effects could be neutralized by dopaminergic antagonists or LED209, but not by adrenergic antagonists. Together, our results indicate that catecholamine sensing increases the success of transmission of V. harveyi and that interfering with catecholamine sensing might be an interesting strategy to control vibriosis in aquaculture. We hypothesize that upon tissue and/or hemocyte damage during infection, pathogens come into contact with elevated catecholamine levels, and that this stimulates the expression of virulence factors that are required to colonize a new host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Production, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nguyen D Q Anh
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Production, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Production, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Defoirdt
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Production, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium
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46
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Li X, Yang Q, Dierckens K, Milton DL, Defoirdt T. RpoS and indole signaling control the virulence of Vibrio anguillarum towards gnotobiotic sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111801. [PMID: 25360804 PMCID: PMC4216140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing, bacterial cell-to-cell communication with small signal molecules, controls the virulence of many pathogens. In contrast to other vibrios, neither the VanI/VanR acylhomoserine lactone quorum sensing system, nor the three-channel quorum sensing system affects virulence of the economically important aquatic pathogen Vibrio anguillarum. Indole is another molecule that recently gained attention as a putative signal molecule. The data presented in this study indicate that indole signaling and the alternative sigma factor RpoS have a significant impact on the virulence of V. anguillarum. Deletion of rpoS resulted in increased expression of the indole biosynthesis gene tnaA and in increased production of indole. Both rpoS deletion and the addition of exogenous indole (50–100 µM) resulted in decreased biofilm formation, exopolysaccharide production (a phenotype that is required for pathogenicity) and expression of the exopolysaccharide synthesis gene wbfD. Further, indole inhibitors increased the virulence of the rpoS deletion mutant, suggesting that indole acts downstream of RpoS. Finally, in addition to the phenotypes found to be affected by indole, the rpoS deletion mutant also showed increased motility and decreased sensitivity to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Qian Yang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Dierckens
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Debra L. Milton
- Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tom Defoirdt
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Pande GSJ, Suong NT, Bossier P, Defoirdt T. The catecholamine stress hormones norepinephrine and dopamine increase the virulence of pathogenicVibrio anguillarumandVibrio campbellii. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2014; 90:761-9. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gde Sasmita J. Pande
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center; Ghent University; Gent Belgium
- Department of Aquatic Resources Management; Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries; Udayana University; Bali Indonesia
| | - Nguyen Thao Suong
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center; Ghent University; Gent Belgium
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center; Ghent University; Gent Belgium
| | - Tom Defoirdt
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center; Ghent University; Gent Belgium
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Juárez-Rodríguez MD, Torres-Escobar A, Demuth DR. Transcriptional regulation of the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ygiW-qseBC operon by QseB and integration host factor proteins. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2014; 160:2583-2594. [PMID: 25223341 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.083501-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The QseBC two-component system plays a pivotal role in regulating virulence and biofilm growth of the oral pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. We previously showed that QseBC autoregulates the ygiW-qseBC operon. In this study, we characterized the promoter that drives ygiW-qseBC expression. Using lacZ transcriptional fusion constructs and 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends, we showed that ygiW-qseBC expression is driven by a promoter that initiates transcription 53 bases upstream of ygiW and identified putative cis-acting promoter elements, whose function was confirmed using site-specific mutagenesis. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, two trans-acting proteins were shown to interact with the ygiW-qseBC promoter. The QseB response regulator bound to probes containing the direct repeat sequence CTTAA-N6-CTTAA, where the CTTAA repeats flank the -35 element of the promoter. The ygiW-qseBC expression could not be detected in A. actinomycetemcomitans ΔqseB or ΔqseBC strains, but was restored to WT levels in the ΔqseBC mutant when complemented by single copy chromosomal insertion of qseBC. Interestingly, qseB partially complemented the ΔqseBC strain, suggesting that QseB could be activated in the absence of QseC. QseB activation required its phosphorylation since complementation did not occur using qseB(pho-), encoding a protein with the active site aspartate substituted with alanine. These results suggest that QseB is a strong positive regulator of ygiW-qseBC expression. In addition, integration host factor (IHF) bound to two sites in the promoter region and an additional site near the 5' end of the ygiW ORF. The expression of ygiW-qseBC was increased by twofold in ΔihfA and ΔihfB strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans, suggesting that IHF is a negative regulator of the ygiW-qseBC operon.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores Juárez-Rodríguez
- Research Group in Oral Health and Systemic Disease, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, 501 S. Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Ascención Torres-Escobar
- Research Group in Oral Health and Systemic Disease, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, 501 S. Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Donald R Demuth
- Research Group in Oral Health and Systemic Disease, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, 501 S. Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Edwardsiella tarda-Induced cytotoxicity depends on its type III secretion system and flagellin. Infect Immun 2014; 82:3436-45. [PMID: 24891103 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01065-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many Gram-negative bacteria utilize a type III secretion system (T3SS) to translocate virulence proteins into host cells to cause diseases. In responding to infection, macrophages detect some of the translocated proteins to activate caspase-1-mediated cell death, called pyroptosis, and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines to control the infection. Edwardsiella tarda is a Gram-negative enteric pathogen that causes hemorrhagic septicemia in fish and both gastrointestinal and extraintestinal infections in humans. In this study, we report that the T3SS of E. tarda facilitates its survival and replication in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages, and E. tarda infection triggers pyroptosis of infected macrophages from mice and fish and increased secretion of the cytokine interleukin 1β in a T3SS-dependent manner. Deletion of the flagellin gene fliC of E. tarda results in decreased cytotoxicity for infected macrophages and does not attenuate its virulence in a fish model of infection, whereas upregulated expression of FliC in the fliC mutant strain reduces its virulence. We propose that the host controls E. tarda infection partially by detecting FliC translocated by the T3SS, whereas the bacteria downregulate the expression of FliC to evade innate immunity.
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50
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Intarak N, Muangsombut V, Vattanaviboon P, Stevens MP, Korbsrisate S. Growth, motility and resistance to oxidative stress of the melioidosis pathogenBurkholderia pseudomalleiare enhanced by epinephrine. Pathog Dis 2014; 72:24-31. [DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Narin Intarak
- Department of Immunology; Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Veerachat Muangsombut
- Department of Immunology; Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | | | - Mark P. Stevens
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - Sunee Korbsrisate
- Department of Immunology; Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
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