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Buchmann K, Karami AM, Duan Y. The early ontogenetic development of immune cells and organs in teleosts. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109371. [PMID: 38232790 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Fully developed teleosts possess a highly developed immune system comprising both innate and adaptive elements, but when hatching from the egg, the yolksac larva is still at an ontogenetically incomplete stage with regard to physiological, including immunological, functions. The immune system in these young fish stages is far less developed when compared to the youngs appearing from reptile and avian eggs and from most mammals at parturition. In those vertebrate groups the early ontogenetic development of the fetus is highly protected. The lack of a fully developed immune system in yolksac larvae of fish is critical, because this stage encounters a potentially hostile and infectious aquatic environment. The strong selective pressure on the immune system of the yolksac larva and the youngest fry stages explains the existence of a multi-facetted innate system, which is protecting the young fish stages against viral, bacterial and parasitic infections. The sequential development of immune cells and organs depends on host species and its environmental setting. However, a strong armament comprising innate cells (neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages) and molecules (receptors, lectins, complement, AMPs and constitutively expressed immunoglobulins) protect the earliest stages. The adaptive immune elements, including T-cells and B-cells, occur gradually in headkidney, spleen, thymus, tonsils, bursa equivalent (if present) and mucosa associated lymphoid cells. A functional protective response following immunization occur later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Buchmann
- Laboratory of Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Asma M Karami
- Laboratory of Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Yajiao Duan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Akhtar MS, Tripathi PH, Rajesh M, Pandey A, Kamalam BS, Ciji A. Molecular characterization of non-specific immune genes of endangered golden mahseer (Tor putitora) and their expression during embryonic and larval development. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 118:119-146. [PMID: 34289423 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to characterize and analyze the expression of non-specific immune genes to get an insight into the early immune status of endangered golden mahseer. In this study, the full-length mRNA sequence of IFNγ, TNFα, C3, and IL10 was 927, 1409, 5125 and 1177 bp with an ORF of 558, 765, 4938, and 540 bp, encoding a putative protein of 185, 254, 1645, and 179 amino acid residues, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences of these genes shared highly conserved structures with those from other cyprinids. Ontogenic real-time qPCR results indicated that expression of IFNγ and TNFα was lower until the morula stage and increased from blastula stage and found maximum at the organogenesis stage. Expression of the C3 gene was lower until the gastrula stage, followed by a linear increase from organogenesis to the pre-metamorphosis stage. The expression of IL10 was significantly lower during early developmental stages (till gastrula stage) and reached maximum at organogenesis. The level of IL1β was found maximum in unfertilized eggs and remained elevated till the morula stage. TLR4 expression remained lower during the initial developmental stages and reached the maximum at the organogenesis stage. The expression level of defensin1 was substantially low until the organogenesis stage. In comparison, hepcidin1 was found considerably high until the blastula stage and remained significantly lower during later stages of development. Overall, the data generated improves knowledge on the immune status of endangered golden mahseer during embryonic and larval development, which may help develop effective immunomodulatory interventions during nursery rearing of golden mahseer to produce fry with better fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Akhtar
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Bhimtal-263136, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Priyanka H Tripathi
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Bhimtal-263136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Manchi Rajesh
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Bhimtal-263136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anupam Pandey
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Bhimtal-263136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Biju Sam Kamalam
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Bhimtal-263136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - A Ciji
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Bhimtal-263136, Uttarakhand, India
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Moreira C, Paiola M, Duflot A, Varó I, Sitjà-Bobadilla A, Knigge T, Pinto P, Monsinjon T. The influence of 17β-oestradiol on lymphopoiesis and immune system ontogenesis in juvenile sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 118:104011. [PMID: 33460678 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The female sex steroid 17β-oestradiol (E2) is involved in the regulation of numerous physiological functions, including the immune system development and performance. The role of oestrogens during ontogenesis is, however, not well studied. In rodents and fish, thymus maturation appears to be oestrogen-dependent. Nevertheless, little is known about the function of oestrogen in immune system development. To further the understanding of the role of oestrogens in fish immune system ontogenesis, fingerlings of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were exposed for 30 days to 20 ng E2·L-1, at two ages tightly related to thymic maturation, i.e., 60 or 90 days post hatch (dph). The expression of nuclear and membrane oestrogen receptors was measured in the thymus and spleen, and the expression of several T cell-related gene markers was studied in both immune organs, as well as in the liver. Waterborne E2-exposure at 20.2 ± 2.1 (S.E.) ng·L-1 was confirmed by radioimmunoassay, leading to significantly higher E2-contents in the liver of exposed fish. The majority of gene markers presented age-dependent dynamics in at least one of the organs, confirming thymus maturation, but also suggesting a critical ontogenetic window for the implementation of liver resident γδ and αβ T cells. The oestrogen receptors, however, remained unchanged over the age and treatment comparisons with the exception of esr2b, which was modulated by E2 in the younger cohort and increased its expression with age in the thymus of the older cohort, as did the membrane oestrogen receptor gpera. These results confirm that oestrogen-signalling is involved in thymus maturation in European sea bass, as it is in mammals. This suggests that esr2b and gpera play key roles during thymus ontogenesis, particularly during medulla maturation. In contrast, the spleen expressed low or non-detectable levels of oestrogen receptors. The E2-exposure decreased the expression of tcrγ in the liver in the cohort exposed from 93 to 122 dph, but not the expression of any other immune-related gene analysed. These results indicate that the proliferation/migration of these innate-like T cell populations is oestrogen-sensitive. In regard to the apparent prominent role of oestrogen-signalling in the late thymus maturation stage, the thymic differentiation of the corresponding subpopulations of T cells might be regulated by oestrogen. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the dynamics of both nuclear and membrane oestrogen receptors in specific immune organs in a teleost fish at very early stages of immune system development as well as to examine thymic function in sea bass after an exposure to E2 during ontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Moreira
- UMR-I 02 Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), University of Le Havre Normandy, F-76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Matthieu Paiola
- UMR-I 02 Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), University of Le Havre Normandy, F-76600, Le Havre, France; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 14642, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Aurélie Duflot
- UMR-I 02 Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), University of Le Havre Normandy, F-76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Inma Varó
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de La Sal, CSIC, 12595, Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | | | - Thomas Knigge
- UMR-I 02 Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), University of Le Havre Normandy, F-76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Patrícia Pinto
- Centro de Ciências Do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade Do Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Tiphaine Monsinjon
- UMR-I 02 Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), University of Le Havre Normandy, F-76600, Le Havre, France.
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Arya P, Pradhan P, Paria A, Sharma R, Verma DK, Ravindra, Rathore G, Sood N. Ontogeny and tissue-specific expression of immune-relevant genes in Catla catla (Hamilton). Gene Expr Patterns 2019; 34:119071. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2019.119071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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García-Angulo A, Merlo MA, Rodríguez ME, Portela-Bens S, Liehr T, Rebordinos L. Genome and Phylogenetic Analysis of Genes Involved in the Immune System of Solea senegalensis - Potential Applications in Aquaculture. Front Genet 2019; 10:529. [PMID: 31244883 PMCID: PMC6579814 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Global aquaculture production continues to increase rapidly. One of the most important species of marine fish currently cultivated in Southern Europe is Solea senegalensis, reaching more than 300 Tn in 2017. In the present work, 14 Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) clones containing candidate genes involved in the immune system (b2m, il10, tlr3, tap1, tnfα, tlr8, trim25, lysg, irf5, hmgb2, calr, trim16, and mx), were examined and compared with other species using multicolor Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (mFISH), massive sequencing and bioinformatic analysis to determine the genomic surroundings and syntenic chromosomal conservation of the genomic region contained in each BAC clone. The mFISH showed that the groups of genes hmgb2-trim25-irf5-b2m; tlr3-lysg; tnfα-tap1, and il10-mx-trim16 were co-localized on the same chromosomes. Synteny results suggested that the studied BACs are placed in a smaller number of chromosomes in S. senegalensis that in other species. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that the evolutionary rate of immune system genes studied is similar among the taxa studied, given that the clustering obtained was in accordance with the accepted phylogenetic relationships among these species. This study contributes to a better understanding of the structure and function of the immune system of the Senegalese sole, which is essential for the development of new technologies and products to improve fish health and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aglaya García-Angulo
- Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Manuel A. Merlo
- Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - María E. Rodríguez
- Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Silvia Portela-Bens
- Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Laureana Rebordinos
- Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
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Carballo C, Ortiz-Delgado JB, Berbel C, Castro D, Borrego JJ, Sarasquete C, Manchado M. Feed and immersion challenges with lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) reveals specific mechanisms for horizontal transmission and immune response in senegalese sole post-larvae. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:710-718. [PMID: 30999043 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The horizontal transmission of lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) through contaminated water and feed (using artemia as vehicle) and the associated immune gene expression profiles in Senegalese sole post-larvae were investigated. All specimens analyzed were positive for LCDV DNA detection at 1-day post-challenge (1 dpc) with the highest viral levels in specimens infected through the immersion route. However, the percentage of LCDV-positive animals and number of viral DNA copies dropped progressively at 2 and 7 dpc. The histological analysis identified structural changes in the skin, muscle and gills of sole post-larvae LCDV-challenged by immersion. In situ hybridization confirmed a wide distribution of LCDV in the skin, gut, surrounding vessels in trunk muscle and head kidney in the immersion route, while the signals were restricted to the liver and lamina propria in the feeding treatment. Expression analysis using a set of 22 genes related to innate immune defense system demonstrated clear differences in the time-course response to LCDV as function of the infection route. Most antiviral defense genes, the proinflammatory cytokines, the complement c3, g-type lysozyme and T-cell markers cd4 and cd8a were rapidly induced in the feeding-infected post-larvae, and they were remained activated at 2 dpc. In contrast, in the immersion-infected post-larvae the induction of most defensive genes was delayed, with a low intensity at 2 dpc. All these data demonstrate that LCDV can horizontally infect Senegalese sole post-larvae through the water or feed although with different patterns of histopathological disorders, virus distribution and route-specific expression profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Carballo
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Junta de Andalucía, Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500, El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan B Ortiz-Delgado
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía-ICMAN, CSIC-Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, Puerto Real, 11510, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Concha Berbel
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Junta de Andalucía, Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500, El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Dolores Castro
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiología, Campus Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan J Borrego
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiología, Campus Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carmen Sarasquete
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía-ICMAN, CSIC-Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, Puerto Real, 11510, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Manuel Manchado
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Junta de Andalucía, Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500, El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain.
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Miest JJ, Politis SN, Adamek M, Tomkiewicz J, Butts IAE. Molecular ontogeny of larval immunity in European eel at increasing temperatures. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:105-119. [PMID: 30590168 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is a major factor that modulates the development and reactivity of the immune system. Only limited knowledge exists regarding the immune system of the catadromous European eel, Anguilla anguilla, especially during the oceanic early life history stages. Thus, a new molecular toolbox was developed, involving tissue specific characterisation of 3 housekeeping genes, 9 genes from the innate and 3 genes from the adaptive immune system of this species. The spatial pattern of immune genes reflected their function, e.g. complement component c3 was mainly produced in liver and il10 in the head kidney. Subsequently, the ontogeny of the immune system was studied in larvae reared from hatch to first-feeding at four temperatures, spanning their thermal tolerance range (16, 18, 20, and 22 °C). Expression of some genes (c3 and igm) declined post hatch, whilst expression of most other genes (mhc2, tlr2, il1β, irf3, irf7) increased with larval age. At the optimal temperature, 18 °C, this pattern of immune-gene expression revealed an immunocompromised phase between hatch (0 dph) and teeth-development (8 dph). The expression of two of the studied genes (mhc2, lysc) was temperature dependent, leading to increased mRNA levels at 22 °C. Additionally, at the lower end of the thermal spectrum (16 °C) immune competency appeared reduced, whilst close to the upper thermal limit (22 °C) larvae showed signs of thermal stress. Thus, protection against pathogens is probably impaired at temperatures close to the critical thermal maximum (CTmax), impacting survival and productivity in hatcheries and natural recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna J Miest
- Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fish, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, 24148 Kiel, Germany; School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
| | - Sebastian N Politis
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikolaj Adamek
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Centre of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jonna Tomkiewicz
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ian A E Butts
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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He L, Xiong L, Zhang A, Li Y, Huang R, Liao L, Zhu Z, Wang Y. Changes in gene and genotype frequencies during the development of the grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2018; 93:1113-1120. [PMID: 30281158 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a full-sib population of Ctenopharyngodon idella was constructed and approximately 500 C. idella individuals were sampled at four early developmental stages (hatching, first feeding, juvenile fish and young fish). Four DNA pools were constructed and subjected to next-generation sequencing. On the basis of the identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), changes in gene and genotype frequencies during the developmental progress of C. idella were revealed, which indicates that death during the early developmental stage is not a random process. These findings will establish the basis for further studies performed for identifying superior alleles or genotypes as target markers for molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiB He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lv Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - AiD Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - YongM Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - LanJ Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - ZuoY Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - YaP Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Reyes-López FE, Aerts J, Vallejos-Vidal E, Ampe B, Dierckens K, Tort L, Bossier P. Modulation of Innate Immune-Related Genes and Glucocorticoid Synthesis in Gnotobiotic Full-Sibling European Sea Bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax) Larvae Challenged With Vibrio anguillarum. Front Immunol 2018; 9:914. [PMID: 29867929 PMCID: PMC5953322 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although several efforts have been made to describe the immunoendocrine interaction in fish, there are no studies to date focusing on the characterization of the immune response and glucocorticoid synthesis using the host-pathogen interaction on larval stage as an early developmental stage model of study. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the glucocorticoid synthesis and the modulation of stress- and innate immune-related genes in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae challenged with Vibrio anguillarum. For this purpose, we challenged by bath full-sibling gnotobiotic sea bass larvae with 107 CFU mL-1 of V. anguillarum strain HI 610 on day 5 post-hatching (dph). The mortality was monitored up to the end of the experiment [120 hours post-challenge (hpc)]. While no variations were registered in non-challenged larvae maintained under gnotobiotic conditions (93.20% survival at 120 hpc), in the challenged group a constant and sustained mortality was observed from 36 hpc onward, dropping to 18.31% survival at 120 hpc. Glucocorticoid quantification and expression analysis of stress- and innate immunity-related genes were carried out in single larvae. The increase of cortisol, cortisone and 20β-dihydrocortisone was observed at 120 hpc, although did not influence upon the modulation of stress-related genes (glucocorticoid receptor 1 [gr1], gr2, and heat shock protein 70 [hsp70]). On the other hand, the expression of lysozyme, transferrin, and il-10 differentially increased at 120 hpc together with a marked upregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (il-1β and il-8) and hepcidin, suggesting a late activation of defense mechanisms against V. anguillarum. Importantly, this response coincided with the lowest survival observed in challenged groups. Therefore, the increase in markers associated with glucocorticoid synthesis together with the upregulation of genes associated with the anti-inflammatory response suggests that in larvae infected with V. anguillarum a pro-inflammatory response at systemic level takes place, which then leads to the participation of other physiological mechanisms at systemic level to counteract the effect and the consequences of such response. However, this late systemic response could be related to the previous high mortality observed in sea bass larvae challenged with V. anguillarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe E Reyes-López
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Johan Aerts
- Stress Physiology Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ostend, Belgium.,Stress Physiology Research Group, Animal Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Ostend, Belgium
| | - Eva Vallejos-Vidal
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Bart Ampe
- Biostatistics and Data Modeling, Animal Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Melle, Belgium
| | - Kristof Dierckens
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center (ARC), Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Lluis Tort
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center (ARC), Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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Campoverde C, Milne DJ, Estévez A, Duncan N, Secombes CJ, Andree KB. Ontogeny and modulation after PAMPs stimulation of β-defensin, hepcidin, and piscidin antimicrobial peptides in meagre (Argyrosomus regius). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 69:200-210. [PMID: 28842373 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), components of innate immunity, play an important role in protecting fish. In this study we report the molecular cloning of full open reading frames and characterization of expression of three AMP genes (β-defensin (defb), hepcidin (hep2), piscidin (pisc) in meagre (Argyrosomus regius). A phylogenetic analysis of the expressed sequences obtained shows the defensin isoform forms a clade with the other members of the beta class of this family, hepcidin corresponds to hepcidin 2, and piscidin corresponds to class I of its respective family. Gene expression profiles of AMPs was investigated, by means of quantification of mRNA in nine development stages, from 8 days post-hatching (dph) to accomplishment of juvenile form (120 dph). During development it was demonstrated defb, hep2, pisc were expressed in all stages of larval development and in juvenile tissues (kidney, spleen gut and gill). Moreover, expression patterns suggest the expression levels of theses AMPs are influenced by live prey (rotifer, Artemia) and first intake of commercial diet. Induction experiments in vivo (24 h) and in vitro (4, 12, 24 h) with PAMPs (LPS, poly (I:C), β-glucan) revealed significant changes in gene expression of the three AMP genes, in kidney, spleen, gut and gill. However, expression profiles differed in magnitude and time course response. defb expression shows a similar trend in vivo and in vitro in kidney at 24 h after LPS and β-glucan stimulation. The hep2 expression levels were up-regulated upon β-glucan challenge in vivo, more in gut and gills than kidney, while in vitro hep2 expression was up-regulated in kidney cells by LPS, poly (I:C), β-glucan (4 h). pisc expression was up-regulated in kidney cells, splenocytes by β-glucan, but in gill cells by poly (I:C) and β-glucan in vivo. However, pisc expression was upregulated in kidney cells by β-glucan and gill cells by LPS at 4 post-stimulation in vitro. These data suggest that AMPs play an important role in defense against pathogens, with each AMP having differing efficacies against specific types of microorganisms, although follow-up studies focusing on the biological activities in fish are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Campoverde
- IRTA, Centro de San Carlos de la Rápita, San Carlos de la Rápita, 43540 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Douglas J Milne
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Alicia Estévez
- IRTA, Centro de San Carlos de la Rápita, San Carlos de la Rápita, 43540 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Neil Duncan
- IRTA, Centro de San Carlos de la Rápita, San Carlos de la Rápita, 43540 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Christopher J Secombes
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Karl B Andree
- IRTA, Centro de San Carlos de la Rápita, San Carlos de la Rápita, 43540 Tarragona, Spain.
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Jacobson G, Muncaster S, Mensink K, Forlenza M, Elliot N, Broomfield G, Signal B, Bird S. Omics and cytokine discovery in fish: Presenting the Yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) as a case study. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 75:63-76. [PMID: 28416435 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A continued programme of research is essential to overcome production bottlenecks in any aquacultured fish species. Since the introduction of genetic and molecular techniques, the quality of immune research undertaken in fish has greatly improved. Thousands of species specific cytokine genes have been discovered, which can be used to conduct more sensitive studies to understand how fish physiology is affected by aquaculture environments or disease. Newly available transcriptomic technologies, make it increasingly easier to study the immunogenetics of farmed species for which little data exists. This paper reviews how the application of transcriptomic procedures such as RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq) can advance fish research. As a case study, we present some preliminary findings using RNA-Seq to identify cytokine related genes in Seriola lalandi. These will allow in-depth investigations to understand the immune responses of these fish in response to environmental change or disease and help in the development of therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Jacobson
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Simon Muncaster
- School Applied Science, Bay of Plenty Polytechnic, 70 Windermere Dr, Poike, Tauranga 3112, New Zealand
| | - Koen Mensink
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Forlenza
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nick Elliot
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Grant Broomfield
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Beth Signal
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Steve Bird
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
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Núñez-Díaz JA, García de la Banda I, Lobo C, Moriñigo MA, Balebona MC. Transcription of immune related genes in Solea senegalensis vaccinated against Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida. Identification of surrogates of protection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 66:455-465. [PMID: 28532666 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Solea senegalensis is a flatfish with a great potential for aquaculture, but infectious diseases restrict its production, being this fish species highly susceptible to Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp) infections. A better understanding of the mechanisms related to fish immune response is crucial for the development of effective approaches in disease management. In the present work, transcriptional changes of immune related genes have been evaluated in farmed S. senegalensis specimens vaccinated against Phdp by intraperitoneal injection (IP) and immersion (IM). IP fish showed higher antibody levels and increased transcription of genes encoding lysozyme C1, complement factors involved in the classical pathway and components involved in the opsonization and the limitation of free iron availability, all of them facilitating the faster elimination of the pathogen and promoting higher RPS after the infection with Phdp. The results of this study seem to support a different intensity of the specimens immune response in the head kidney. Analysis of the immune response in 15 day post-challenged fish showed up-regulation of genes involved in all stages of S. senegalensis immune response, but especially those genes encoding proteins related to the innate response such as complement, lysozyme and iron homeostasis in the head kidney. On the other hand, liver transcription was higher for genes related to inflammation, apoptosis and cell mediated cytotoxicity (CMC). Furthermore, comparison of the differential response of S. senegalensis genes in vaccinated and unvaccinated fish to Phdp infection allowed the identification of a potential biosignature, consisting in 10 genes, as a surrogate of protection and therefore, as indicator of vaccine success against fotobacteriosis after IP vaccination. These results provide important insights into the S. senegalensis protection against Phdp induced by vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Núñez-Díaz
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiología, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - I García de la Banda
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Oceanographic Center of Santander, 39080 Santander, Spain
| | - C Lobo
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Oceanographic Center of Santander, 39080 Santander, Spain
| | - M A Moriñigo
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiología, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - M C Balebona
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiología, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
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Schaeck M, Reyes-López FE, Vallejos-Vidal E, Van Cleemput J, Duchateau L, Van den Broeck W, Tort L, Decostere A. Cellular and transcriptomic response to treatment with the probiotic candidate Vibrio lentus in gnotobiotic sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 63:147-156. [PMID: 28119147 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed at evaluating the cellular and transcriptomic responses induced by the probiotic candidate Vibrio lentus with gnotobiotic European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, Linnaeus 1785) larvae. For this, a histomorphological analysis was performed using the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and the anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) assay. In addition, a global transcriptomic approach was adopted to study the whole body mRNA changes upon administration of V. lentus by microarrays with the custom Agilent sea bass oligonucleotide-microarray v2.0 (4 × 44 K). Following V. lentus administration, the apoptotic and cell proliferative indexes did not show significant differences between treatments for hindgut nor for midgut. However, V. lentus treatment did significantly modify the gene expression related not only to cell proliferation and cell death, but also to cell adhesion, reactive oxygen species metabolism, iron transport, and immune response. Our data represent the first global analysis of the effects of the probiotic candidate V. lentus on the gene expression profile in gnotobiotic European sea bass, and as such, provides a first delineation of the mechanisms by which this agent interacts with its host and exerts its beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlien Schaeck
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Felipe E Reyes-López
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Vallejos-Vidal
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jolien Van Cleemput
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc Duchateau
- Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Wim Van den Broeck
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lluis Tort
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Annemie Decostere
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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