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Zhang Y, Bai Y, Zheng J, Cui Z. Bacterial recognition and inhibition activities of an LRR-only protein in the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 152:109799. [PMID: 39098748 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
LRR-only protein (LRRop) is an important class of immune molecules that function as pattern recognition receptor in invertebrates, however, the bacterial inhibitory activity of this proteins remain largely unknown. Herein, a novel LRRop was cloned from Eriocheir sinensis and named as EsLRRop2. The EsLRRop2 consists of six LRR motifs and formed a horseshoe shape three-dimension structure. EsLRRop2 was mainly expressed in intestine and hepatopancreas. The transcripts of EsLRRop2 in the intestine and hepatopancreas were induced by Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus, and displayed similar transcriptional profiles. The expression levels of EsLRRop2 responded more rapidly and highly to V. parahaemolyticus than S. aureus in the intestine and hepatopancreas. Although the basal expression level of EsLRRop2 in hemocytes was relatively low, its transcripts in hemocytes were significantly induced by V. parahaemolyticus and S. aureus. The recombinant proteins of EsLRRop2 (rEsLRRop2) displayed a wide range of binding spectrum against vibrios, including V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus, and V. harveryi. The rEsLRRop2 showed dose- and time-dependent inhibitory activity against V. parahaemolyticus and S. aureus, and it could agglutinate the two bacteria. Furthermore, the inhibitory activities of rEsLRRop2 against V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus, V. harveryi and S. aureus was slightly affected by pH and salinity, and the rEsLRRop2 displayed the strongest inhibitory activity against all the three vibrios when the salinity was 20 ‰ and pH was 8.0. Collectively, these results elucidate the bacterial binding and inhibitory activities of EsLRRop2, and provide theoretical foundations for the application of rEsLRRop2 in prevention and control of vibrio diseases in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
| | - Yunhui Bai
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
| | - Jinbin Zheng
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
| | - Zhaoxia Cui
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Shi Q, Zhang Y, Ni M, Bai Y, Zhou B, Zheng J, Cui Z. Expression characteristics and inhibitory activity of a leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-only protein in the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 145:109300. [PMID: 38104701 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain is a crucial structure in a variety of immune related proteins and displays multiple immune functions. In this study, the open reading frame (ORF) of an LRR-only protein was cloned from the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis (EsLRRop1). The protein sequence of EsLRRop1 contained seven LRR motifs, three LRR-TYP motifs and an LRRCT motif. Tissue distribution exhibited that EsLRRop1 mainly expressed in nervous tissues including thoracic ganglion, eyestalk and brain while showed relatively lower transcriptional level in hemocyte. Based on the above expression characteristics, the responses of EsLRRop1 to the challenge of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus were tested. The result showed that the transcript of EsLRRop1 in thoracic ganglion and eyestalk up-regulated after being challenged with S. aureus, while it decreased post injection with V. parahaemolyticus. The transcript of EsLRRop1 in hemocytes up-regulated sharply at 3 h and decreased at 12 h and 24 h after being challenged with V. parahaemolyticus, while it decreased at 12 h and 24 h post injection with S. aureus. The recombinant protein of EsLRRop1 (His-EsLRRop1) displayed binding activities to V. alginolyticus, V. harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus, S. aureus, Corynebacterium glutamicum and Micrococcus lysodeikticus as well as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and peptidoglycan (PGN). Moreover, the His-EsLRRop1 exhibited inhibitory activity against V. parahaemolyticus and V. harveyi with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3.57-7.14 μM and 7.14-14.28 μM, respectively. These results provide theoretical basis for the application of EsLRRop1 in inhibiting bacteria in aquaculture practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Shi
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Mengqi Ni
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yunhui Bai
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jinbin Zheng
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Zhaoxia Cui
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071, China.
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3
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Zhang Y, Bai Y, Shi Q, Zhou B, Ni M, Zheng J, Cui Z. The antibacterial activity and antibacterial mechanism analyses of an LRR-IG protein in the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123732. [PMID: 36801302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat and immunoglobulin domain containing protein (LRR-IG) family is an important class of immune molecules in invertebrates. Herein, a novel LRR-IG, named as EsLRR-IG5, was identified from Eriocheir sinensis. It contained typical structures of LRR-IG including an N-terminal LRR region and three IG domains. EsLRR-IG5 was ubiquitously expressed in all the tested tissues, and its transcriptional levels increased after being challenged with Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Recombinant proteins of LRR and IG domains from the EsLRR-IG5 (named as rEsLRR5 and rEsIG5) were successfully obtained. rEsLRR5 and rEsIG5 could bind to both gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria as well as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and peptidoglycan (PGN). Moreover, rEsLRR5 and rEsIG5 exhibited antibacterial activities against V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus and displayed bacterial agglutination activities against S. aureus, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Micrococcus lysodeikticus, V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation revealed that the membrane integrity of V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus was destroyed by rEsLRR5 and rEsIG5, which may lead to the leakage of cell contents and death. This study provided clues for further studies on the immune defense mechanism mediated by LRR-IG in crustaceans and provided candidate antibacterial agents for prevention and control of diseases in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Yunhui Bai
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Qiao Shi
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Mengqi Ni
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Jinbin Zheng
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China.
| | - Zhaoxia Cui
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
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Shen X, Wang Y, Hu J, Bao Z, Wang M. Molecular characterization of an LRR-only protein gene in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: Sequence feature, expression pattern, and protein activity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 129:199-206. [PMID: 36058438 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-only proteins have been proved to be involved in the innate immune responses as they could mediate protein-protein or protein-ligand interactions. In the present study, a novel LRR-only protein (LvLRRop-1) was identified and characterized from Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. The complete cDNA sequence of LvLRRop-1 contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 1488 bp, which encoded a polypeptide of 495 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 55.67 kDa and a calculated theoretical isoelectric point of 6.435. There are five LRR motifs, six LRR_TYP motifs in the protein sequence of LvLRRop-1 with consensus signature sequences of LxxLxxLxLxxNxL. The LvLRRop-1 mRNA transcripts could be detected in all the tested tissues, including eyestalk, gill, gonad, heart, hemocytes, hepatopancreas, intestine, muscle, nerve and stomach, especially highest in hemocytes and hepatopancreas. The mRNA transcripts of LvLRRop-1 increased within the first 6 h in hemocytes and hepatopancreas after Vibrio parahaemolyticus or white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenges. The recombinant LvLRRop-1 could bind four typical pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN), glucan (GLU) and polycytidine-polycytidylic acid (poly IC), in a dose-dependent manner, and inhibit the growth of bacteria Micrococcus luteus. These data indicated that LvLRRop-1 could play a pivotal role in the innate immune response of shrimps as a kind of pattern recognition receptor (PRR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Qingdao 266003), and Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province of Sanya Oceanographic Institution (Sanya 572024), Ocean University of China, China
| | - Yan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Qingdao 266003), and Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province of Sanya Oceanographic Institution (Sanya 572024), Ocean University of China, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Jingjie Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Qingdao 266003), and Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province of Sanya Oceanographic Institution (Sanya 572024), Ocean University of China, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, and Center for Marine Molecular Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Qingdao 266003), and Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province of Sanya Oceanographic Institution (Sanya 572024), Ocean University of China, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, and Center for Marine Molecular Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Mengqiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Qingdao 266003), and Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province of Sanya Oceanographic Institution (Sanya 572024), Ocean University of China, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, and Center for Marine Molecular Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572024, China.
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5
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Sánchez-Maldonado JM, Cáliz R, López-Nevot MÁ, Cabrera-Serrano AJ, Moñiz-Díez A, Canhão H, Ter Horst R, Quartuccio L, Sorensen SB, Glintborg B, Hetland ML, Filipescu I, Pérez-Pampin E, Conesa-Zamora P, Swierkot J, den Broeder AA, De Vita S, Petersen ERB, Li Y, Ferrer MA, Escudero A, Netea MG, Coenen MJH, Andersen V, Fonseca JE, Jurado M, Bogunia-Kubik K, Collantes E, Sainz J. Validation of GWAS-Identified Variants for Anti-TNF Drug Response in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Meta-Analysis of Two Large Cohorts. Front Immunol 2021; 12:672255. [PMID: 34777329 PMCID: PMC8579100 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.672255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to validate the association of 28 GWAS-identified genetic variants for response to TNF inhibitors (TNFi) in a discovery cohort of 1361 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients monitored in routine care and ascertained through the REPAIR consortium and DANBIO registry. We genotyped selected markers and evaluated their association with response to TNFi after 6 months of treatment according to the change in disease activity score 28 (ΔDAS28). Next, we confirmed the most interesting results through meta-analysis of our data with those from the DREAM cohort that included 706 RA patients treated with TNFi. The meta-analysis of the discovery cohort and DREAM registry including 2067 RA patients revealed an overall association of the LINC02549rs7767069 SNP with a lower improvement in DAS28 that remained significant after correction for multiple testing (per-allele ORMeta=0.83, PMeta=0.000077; PHet=0.61). In addition, we found that each copy of the LRRC55rs717117G allele was significantly associated with lower improvement in DAS28 in rheumatoid factor (RF)-positive patients (per-allele ORMeta=0.67, P=0.00058; PHet=0.06) whereas an opposite but not significant effect was detected in RF-negative subjects (per-allele ORMeta=1.38, P=0.10; PHet=0.45; PInteraction=0.00028). Interestingly, although the identified associations did not survive multiple testing correction, the meta-analysis also showed overall and RF-specific associations for the MAFBrs6071980 and CNTN5rs1813443 SNPs with decreased changes in DAS28 (per-allele ORMeta_rs6071980 = 0.85, P=0.0059; PHet=0.63 and ORMeta_rs1813443_RF+=0.81, P=0.0059; PHet=0.69 and ORMeta_rs1813443_RF-=1.00, P=0.99; PHet=0.12; PInteraction=0.032). Mechanistically, we found that subjects carrying the LINC02549rs7767069T allele had significantly increased numbers of CD45RO+CD45RA+ T cells (P=0.000025) whereas carriers of the LINC02549rs7767069T/T genotype showed significantly increased levels of soluble scavengers CD5 and CD6 in serum (P=0.00037 and P=0.00041). In addition, carriers of the LRRC55rs717117G allele showed decreased production of IL6 after stimulation of PBMCs with B burgdorferi and E coli bacteria (P=0.00046 and P=0.00044), which suggested a reduced IL6-mediated anti-inflammatory effect of this marker to worsen the response to TNFi. In conclusion, this study confirmed the influence of the LINC02549 and LRRC55 loci to determine the response to TNFi in RA patients and suggested a weak effect of the MAFB and CNTN5 loci that need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Manuel Sánchez-Maldonado
- Genomic Oncology Area, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Parque tecnológico de la Salud (PTS) Granada, Granada, Spain.,Hematology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBs) Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael Cáliz
- Genomic Oncology Area, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Parque tecnológico de la Salud (PTS) Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBs) Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Rheumatology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel López-Nevot
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBs) Granada, Granada, Spain.,Immunology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio José Cabrera-Serrano
- Genomic Oncology Area, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Parque tecnológico de la Salud (PTS) Granada, Granada, Spain.,Hematology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBs) Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Moñiz-Díez
- Genomic Oncology Area, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Parque tecnológico de la Salud (PTS) Granada, Granada, Spain.,Hematology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBs) Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Helena Canhão
- EpiDoC Unit, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School and National School of Public Health, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), NOVA Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rob Ter Horst
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Luca Quartuccio
- Department of Medical Area, Clinic of Rheumatology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Signe B Sorensen
- Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research Unit, IRS-Center Sonderjylland, University Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bente Glintborg
- The Danish Rheumatologic Biobank and Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research (DANBIO) Registry, The Danish Rheumatologic Biobank and Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research (COPECARE), Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete L Hetland
- The Danish Rheumatologic Biobank and Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research (DANBIO) Registry, The Danish Rheumatologic Biobank and Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research (COPECARE), Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ileana Filipescu
- Rheumatology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eva Pérez-Pampin
- Rheumatology Unit, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pablo Conesa-Zamora
- Clinical Analysis Department, Santa Lucía University Hospital, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Jerzy Swierkot
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Alfons A den Broeder
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Salvatore De Vita
- Department of Medical Area, Clinic of Rheumatology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Eva Rabing Brix Petersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM) & Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (TWINCORE), Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and The Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Miguel A Ferrer
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBs) Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandro Escudero
- Rheumatology Department, Reina Sofía Hospital/Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department for Immunology & Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marieke J H Coenen
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Vibeke Andersen
- Department of Medical Area, Clinic of Rheumatology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.,Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research Unit, IRS-Center Sonderjylland, University Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark.,Institute of Regional Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - João E Fonseca
- Rheumatology and Metabolic Bone Diseases Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte (CHLN), Lisbon, Portugal.,Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon Academic Medical Center, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuel Jurado
- Genomic Oncology Area, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Parque tecnológico de la Salud (PTS) Granada, Granada, Spain.,Hematology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBs) Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Katarzyna Bogunia-Kubik
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Eduardo Collantes
- Rheumatology Department, Reina Sofía Hospital/Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Sainz
- Genomic Oncology Area, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Parque tecnológico de la Salud (PTS) Granada, Granada, Spain.,Hematology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBs) Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Response of Leucine-Rich Repeat Domain-Containing Protein in Haemaphysalis longicornis to Babesia microti Infection and Its Ligand Identification. Infect Immun 2021; 89:IAI.00268-20. [PMID: 33593890 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00268-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemaphysalis longicornis is a blood-feeding hard tick known for transmitting a variety of pathogens, including Babesia How the parasites in the imbibed blood become anchored in the midgut of ticks is still unknown. Leucine-rich repeat domain (LRR)-containing protein, which is associated with the innate immune reaction and conserved in many species, has been detected in H. longicornis and has previously been indicated in inhibiting the growth of Babesia gibsoni However, the detailed mechanism is unknown. In this study, one of the ligands for LRR from H. longicornis (HlLRR) was identified in Babesia microti, designated BmActin, using glutathione transferase (GST) pulldown experiments and immunofluorescence assays. Moreover, RNA interference of HlLRR led to a decrease in the BmActin mRNA expression in the midgut of fully engorged ticks which fed on B. microti-infected mice. We also found that the expression level of the innate immune molecules in H. longicornis, defensin, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), and lysozyme, were downregulated after the knockdown of HlLRR. However, subolesin expression was upregulated. These results indicate that HlLRR not only recognizes BmActin but may also modulate innate immunity in ticks to influence Babesia growth, which will further benefit the development of anti-Babesia vaccines or drugs.
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Zhang Z, Zhang C, Dai X, Zhang R, Cao X, Wang K, Huang X, Ren Q. Two relish isoforms produced by alternative splicing participate in the regulation of antimicrobial peptides expression in Procambarus clarkii intestine. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:107-118. [PMID: 32035167 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) plays a key role in the innate immunity of invertebrates. Relish belongs to the NF-κB family. In insects, alternative splicing induces the sequence diversity of the Relish gene. However, information on the roles of various relish isoforms in crustacean innate immune response is limited. Here, two alternatively spliced Relish isoforms (designated as SPcRelish and LPcRelish) were identified from freshwater crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), and functional analysis was performed. The Relish gene has 25 exons and 24 introns. The long isoform LPcRelish is fully spliced, whereas the short isoform SPcRelish is alternatively spliced and contains exon 1-9 and a retention of intron 9. LPcRelish contains the Rel homology domain (RHD), the ig-like, plexins, transcription factors (IPT), and ankyrin-repeat (ANK) inhibitory domain. However, SPcRelish contains only the RHD and IPT domain, and does not have an ANK domain. The transcripts of SPcRelish and LPcRelish can be regulated by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The intestinal immunological barrier and bacterial balance in the intestine play crucial roles in host health. In this study, we analyzed the connection between Relish isoforms and the transcripts of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in intestine. The transcripts of all the tested AMPs, except ALF-41125, were upregulated by V. parahaemolyticus. The knock down of the SPcRelish gene resulted in a significant decrease in the expression levels of ALF-7032, ALF-13162, and Crustin-42012 during V. parahaemolyticus invasion. The expression levels of four AMP genes (ALF-41125, ALF-42430, Crustin-41354, and Crustin-42993) were obviously increased in V. parahaemolyticus-challenged SPcRelish-silenced crayfish. ALF-7032, ALF-9228, ALF-13162, ALF-42430, Crustin-41354, Crustin-42012, and Crustin-42993 were evidently downregulated in V. parahaemolyticus-infected LPcRelish-silenced crayfish. Overall, generating the two Relish isoforms by alternative splicing may be an important mechanism of the host immune system to promote molecular diversity, which results in the functional diversity of the relish transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoxing Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Xiaoling Dai
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Ruidong Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Xueying Cao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Kaiqiang Wang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China.
| | - Qian Ren
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250014, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, 222005, China.
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8
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Wei C, Pan L, Zhang X, Xu L, Si L, Tong R, Wang H. Transcriptome analysis of hemocytes from the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei with the injection of dopamine. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:497-509. [PMID: 31541775 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As a crucial neuroendocrine-immune factor, dopamine (DA) could regulate the immune system of Litopenaeus vannamei. To understand the immune mechanisms and regulatory pathways of DA in L. vannamei, the transcriptome analysis of hemocytes of L. vannamei with injection of DA (10-6 mol/shrimp) at 3 and 12 h were performed in this study. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) method was applied to validate the accuracy of transcriptome sequencing and analyze the expression pattern of candidate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at different time points (0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h) after DA injection. The results showed that a total of 51382 unigenes with a N50 length of 2341 bp were generated. And 1397 and 457 DEGs were obtained by comparative transcriptome at 3 and 12h respectively. Moreover, the results of functional annotation and enriched pathway showed that the DEGs were involved in phagosome (ko04145), lysosome (ko04142), Endocytosis (ko04144), and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway (ko04621). Besides, the Pearson's correlation coefficient (R) between transcriptome sequencing and qPCR was 0.845, which confirmed the reliability of the transcriptome sequencing results and the accuracy of assembly. Furthermore, the expression pattern of 15 candidate DEGs, containing 9 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated DEGs at 3 h, indicated the regulation of DA in physiological functions especially in the immune system. Therefore, these results revealed that DA induced the expressions of membrane receptors or proteins, activated intracellular signaling pathways, regulated cellular and humoral immune systems, controlled antioxidation and apoptosis, and was involved in the regulation of neuroendocrine system. These findings are helpful to promote the understanding on the effects of biogenic amines on physiological functions and regulatory networks of crustacean, and offer a substantial material and foundation for researching the immune response of crustacean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Lijun Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Lingjun Si
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Ruixue Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Hongdan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
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9
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Wang M, Wang B, Liu M, Jiang K, Wang L. A novel LRR-only protein mediates bacterial proliferation in hemolymph through regulating expression of antimicrobial peptides in mollusk Chlamys farreri. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:223-229. [PMID: 30468745 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-only proteins are involved in innate immune responses through mediating protein-ligand or protein-protein interactions, yet the exact roles of most LRR-only proteins in invertebrates are not well documented. In the present study, a novel LRR-only protein (designated CfLRRop-7) was identified in Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri. The full-length cDNA sequence of CfLRRop-7 was 1463 bp and contained an open reading frame of 1086 bp, which encoded a protein of 361 amino acids. Five LRR motifs with a conserved signature sequence LxxLxLxxNxL were identified in the predicted protein sequence. The expression of CfLRRop-7 was particularly high in hemocytes. The expression of CfLRRop-7 was relatively high in oocytes and embryos during the ontogenesis of scallops. CfLRRop-7 expression changed in hemocytes in response to stimulation with different microbes, including Vibrio splendidus, Staphylococcus aureus and Pichia pastoris. CfLRRop-7 recognized five kinds of ligands/agonists. CfLRRop-7 recombinant protein inhibited bacterial proliferation in hemolymph and induced lysozyme activity in serum. After knocking down CfLRRop-7, the mRNA expression of selected antimicrobial peptides was reduced. All these results indicated that CfLRRop-7 might be a potential pattern recognition receptor that recognizes various pathogen associated molecular patterns, and regulates antibacterial immunity in scallops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Research Platform for Marine Molecular Biotechnology, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Baojie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Mei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Keyong Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266400, China.
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10
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Wang M, Wang L, Jia Z, Yi Q, Song L. The various components implied the diversified Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway in mollusk Chlamys farreri. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 74:205-212. [PMID: 29305991 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, composed of various components, plays pivotal roles in host innate immune defense mechanism. In the present study, twenty-nine TLR signaling pathway components, including receptors, adaptors, transduction molecules and immune effectors, were identified in Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri via assembling and screening public available transcriptomic data and expression sequence tags (ESTs). These identified TLR signaling pathway components were constitutively expressed and detectable in various tissues, and almost all of them were highly expressed in gill and hepatopancreas. These results indicated the presence of TLR signaling pathways in both MyD88-dependent and MyD88-independent forms in scallop, and implied the diversified TLR signaling pathway in mollusk C. farreri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhihao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qilin Yi
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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11
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Zhang YY, Han X, Liu Y, Chen J, Hua L, Ma Q, Huang YYX, Tang QY, Zhang Z. +mRNA expression of LRRC55 protein (leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 55) in the adult mouse brain. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191749. [PMID: 29370300 PMCID: PMC5784982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
LRRC55 (leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 55) protein is an auxiliary γ subunit of BK (Big conductance potassium channel) channels, which leftward shifts GVs of BK channels around 50 mV in the absence of cytosolic Ca2+. LRRC55 protein is also the only γ subunit of BK channels that is expressed in mammalian nervous system. However, the expression pattern of LRRC55 gene in adult mammalian brain remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the distribution of LRRC55 mRNA in the adult mouse brain by using in situ hybridization. We found that LRRC55 mRNA is richly expressed in the adult mouse medial habenula nucleus (MHb), cerebellum and pons. However, the potential role of LRRC55 in MHb and cerebellum could be different based on the function of BK channels in these brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Zhang
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xue Han
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Chen
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Hua
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qian Ma
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yang-Yu-Xin Huang
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiong-Yao Tang
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail:
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12
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Li P, Feng J, Liu Y, Liu Q, Fan L, Liu Q, She X, Liu C, Liu T, Zhao C, Wang W, Li G, Wu M. Novel Therapy for Glioblastoma Multiforme by Restoring LRRC4 in Tumor Cells: LRRC4 Inhibits Tumor-Infitrating Regulatory T Cells by Cytokine and Programmed Cell Death 1-Containing Exosomes. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1748. [PMID: 29312296 PMCID: PMC5732324 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a heterogeneous malignant brain tumor, the pathological incidence of which induces the accumulation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). As a tumor suppressor gene, LRRC4 is absent in GBM cells. Here, we report that the recovery of LRRC4 in GBM cells inhibited the infiltration of tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells (Ti-Treg), promoted the expansion of tumor-infiltrating effector T (Ti-Teff) cells and CD4+CCR4+ T cells, and enhanced the chemotaxis of CD4+CCR4+ T cells in the GBM immune microenvironment. LRRC4 was not transferred into TILs from GBM cells through exosomes but mainly exerted its inhibiting function on Ti-Treg cell expansion by directly promoting cytokine secretion. GBM cell-derived exosomes (cytokine-free and programmed cell death 1 containing) also contributed to the modulation of LRRC4 on Ti-Treg, Ti-Teff, and CD4+CCR4+ T cells. In GBM cells, LRRC4 directly bound to phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDPK1), phosphorylated IKKβser181, facilitated NF-κB activation, and promoted the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6), CCL2, and interferon gamma. In addition, HSP90 was required to maintain the interaction between LRRC4 and PDPK1. However, the inhibition of Ti-Treg cell expansion and promotion of CD4+CCR4+ T cell chemotaxis by LRRC4 could be blocked by anti-IL-6 antibody or anti-CCL2 antibody, respectively. miR-101 is a suppressor gene in GBM. Our previous studies have shown that EZH2, EED, and DNMT3A are direct targets of miR-101. Here, we showed that miR-101 reversed the hypermethylation of the LRRC4 promoter and induced the re-expression of LRRC4 in GBM cells by directly targeting EZH2, EED, and DNMT3A. Our results reveal a novel mechanism underlying GBM microenvironment and provide a new therapeutic strategy using re-expression of LRRC4 in GBM cells to create a permissive intratumoral environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyao Li
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianbo Feng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Qing Liu
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoling She
- Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Changhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunhua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minghua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
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13
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Wang M, Wang L, Jia Z, Wang X, Yi Q, Zhao L, Song L. The versatile functions of LRR-only proteins in mollusk Chlamys farreri. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 77:188-199. [PMID: 28807724 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-only proteins are involved in the innate immune responses as they mediate protein-ligand interactions. In the present study, three novel LRR-only proteins, CfLRRop-4, CfLRRop-5 and CfLRRop-6, were identified and characterized from Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri. They all contained LRR motifs with consensus signature sequences of LxxLxLxxNxL or LxxLxLxxCxxL. All the mRNA transcripts of three CfLRRops were high abundant in hepatopancreas, gills and gonads, and their mRNA transcripts in hemocytes could respond to the stimulations of different microbes, including Vibrio anguillarum, Micrococcus luteus and Pichia pastoris. These three CfLRRops exhibited similar ligand binding and recognition characteristics as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs). The immune effectors, including tumor necrosis factor α, superoxide dismutase, catalase and lysozyme, varied significantly after the scallops were stimulated by recombinant LRR-only proteins. All these results indicated that LRR-only proteins are functionally differentiated and exhibit different immunomodulation activities on various downstream immune effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhihao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiudan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qilin Yi
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lv Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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