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Martín D, Ordás MC, Morel E, Nuñez-Ortiz N, Díaz-Rosales P, Vicente-Gil S, Zarza C, Jensen L, Tafalla C. Effect of β-glucans on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) IgM + B cells. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:109740. [PMID: 38960104 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
β-glucans are carbohydrates present in the cell wall of many fungi, which are often used as immunostimulants in feeds for farmed species. Their capacity to activate innate immune responses directly acting on innate cell populations has been widely documented in fish. However, whether they can affect the functionality of adaptive immune cells has been scarcely explored. In this context, in the current work, we have determined the effects of β-glucans on rainbow trout blood IgM+ B cells in the presence or absence of 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl hapten conjugated to lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS), a model antigen. For this, rainbow trout peripheral blood leukocytes were incubated with different doses of β-glucans or media alone in the presence or absence of TNP-LPS for 48 h. The size, levels of expression of surface MHC II, antigen processing and phagocytic capacities and proliferation of IgM+ B cells were then studied by flow cytometry. The number of IgM-secreting cells in the cultures was also estimated by ELISpot. β-glucans significantly decreased the levels of surface MHC II expression and the antigen processing capacities of these cells, especially in the presence of TNP-LPS, while they increased their phagocytic activity. On their own, β-glucans slightly activated the proliferation of IgM+ B cells but reduced that induced by TNP-LPS. In contrast, β-glucans significantly increased the number of cells secreting IgM in the cultures. This effect of β-glucans on the IgM-secreting capacity of B cells was also confirmed through a feeding experiment, in which the IgM-secreting capacity of blood leukocytes obtained from fish fed a β-glucan-supplemented diet for one month was compared to that of leukocytes obtained from fish fed a control diet. Altogether, these findings contribute to increase our knowledge regarding the effects of β-glucans on fish adaptive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Martín
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA), National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Valdeolmos-Alalpardo, Madrid, Spain
| | - M C Ordás
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA), National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Valdeolmos-Alalpardo, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Morel
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA), National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Valdeolmos-Alalpardo, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Nuñez-Ortiz
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA), National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Valdeolmos-Alalpardo, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Díaz-Rosales
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA), National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Valdeolmos-Alalpardo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel Vicente-Gil
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA), National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Valdeolmos-Alalpardo, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Zarza
- Skretting Aquaculture Innovation, 4016, Stavanger, Norway
| | - L Jensen
- Skretting Aquaculture Innovation, 4016, Stavanger, Norway
| | - C Tafalla
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA), National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Valdeolmos-Alalpardo, Madrid, Spain.
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Horák P, Bulantová J, Mikeš L. Other Schistosomatoidea and Diplostomoidea. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1454:107-155. [PMID: 39008265 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-60121-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Trematodes of the order Diplostomida are well known as serious pathogens of man, and both farm and wild animals; members of the genus Schistosoma (Schistosomatidae) are responsible for human schistosomosis (schistosomiasis) affecting more than 200 million people in tropical and subtropical countries, and infections of mammals and birds by animal schistosomes are of great veterinary importance. The order Diplostomida is also rich in species parasitizing other major taxa of vertebrates. The "Aporocotylidae" sensu lato are pathogenic in fish, "Spirorchiidae" sensu lato in reptiles. All these flukes have two-host life cycles, with asexually reproducing larvae usually in mollusks and occasionally in annelids, and adults usually live in the blood vessels of their vertebrate hosts. Pathology is frequently associated with inflammatory reactions to eggs trapped in various tissues/organs. On the other hand, the representatives of Diplostomidae and Strigeidae have three- or four-host life cycles in which vertebrates often serve not only as definitive but also as intermediate or paratenic hosts. Pathology is usually associated with migration of metacercariae and mesocercariae within the host tissues. The impact of these trematode infections on both farm and wild animals may be significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Horák
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Bulantová
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Mikeš
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Zhao F, Huo X, Wang P, Liu Q, Yang C, Su J. The Combination of β-Glucan and Astragalus Polysaccharide Effectively Resists Nocardia seriolae Infection in Largemouth Bass ( Micropterus salmoides). Microorganisms 2023; 11:2529. [PMID: 37894188 PMCID: PMC10609034 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Effectively treating and preventing outbreaks is crucial for improving the economic benefits of aquaculture. Therefore, utilizing immunostimulants, either alone or in combination, is regarded as a promising strategy. In this study, β-glucan + APS (200 mg/kg + 200 mg/kg), β-glucan (200 mg/kg), APS (200 mg/kg), enrofloxacin (15 mg/kg), and sulfadiazine (15 mg/kg) were added to feed to assess the effects against Nocardia seriolae infection in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) within 14 days. The survival rates did not differ between the enrofloxacin group and the β-glucan + APS group, but both were significantly higher than that of the control group. Additionally, the enrofloxacin group and the β-glucan + APS group exhibited the lowest bacterial loads and tissue damage. Importantly, the β-glucan + APS treatment significantly improved serum enzyme activities (total superoxide dismutase, lysozyme, total protein) and the expression of immune genes (IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IgM) compared to the other treatment groups. The enrofloxacin group showed similar efficacy to the β-glucan + APS group in combating N. seriolae infection, but N. seriolae in the enrofloxacin group developed drug resistance. In summary, the combined use of β-glucan and APS is a promising strategy for treating bacterial diseases, thereby contributing to the promotion of sustainable aquaculture development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Zhao
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.Z.); (X.H.); (P.W.); (Q.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xingchen Huo
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.Z.); (X.H.); (P.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Pengxu Wang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.Z.); (X.H.); (P.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qian Liu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.Z.); (X.H.); (P.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Chunrong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Jianguo Su
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.Z.); (X.H.); (P.W.); (Q.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
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Huang Y, Ge R, Lou G, Jiang N, Zhu X, Guo Y, Liu H, Liu X, Chen X. The influence of dietary Coenzyme Q10 on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila of juvenile European eel (Anguilla anguilla). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 138:108834. [PMID: 37207885 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on the growth performance, body composition, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant capacity, intestinal histology, immune-antioxidant gene expression and disease resistance of juvenile European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Fish were fed a diet supplemented with CoQ10 at concentrations of 0, 40, 80 and 120 mg/kg for 56 days. The results indicated that dietary CoQ10 supplementation did not significantly affect final body weight (FBW), survival rate (SR), weight gain (WG), feed rate (FR), viscerosomatic index (VSI) or hepatosomatic index (HSI) among all experimental groups. However, the highest FBW, WG and SR were found in the 120 mg/kg CoQ10 group. Dietary 120 mg/kg CoQ10 markedly improved feed efficiency (FE) and the protein efficiency ratio (PER). The crude lipids in the body and triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) in serum were obviously lower in the 120 mg/kg CoQ10 group than in the control group. For digestive enzymes, protease activity in the intestine was markedly boosted in the 120 mg/kg CoQ10 group. The serum activities of SOD, CAT and GST in the 120 mg/kg CoQ10 group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Dietary 120 mg/kg CoQ10 efficiently enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in the liver, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly decreased. No significant histological changes in the liver were identified in any group. Dietary supplementation with 120 mg/kg CoQ10 improved antioxidant capacity and immunity by upregulating the expression of cyp1a, sod, gst, lysC, igma1, igmb1 and irf3 in the liver. Furthermore, the cumulative survival rate of juvenile European eel against challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila was significantly elevated in the 80 and 120 mg/kg CoQ10 supplemented groups. Conclusively, our study suggested that supplementing the diet of juvenile European eel with CoQ10 at a concentration of 120 mg/kg could promote their feed utilization, fat reduction, antioxidant capacity, digestibility, immune-antioxidant gene expression and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila without negative effects on fish health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ruxiang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Gege Lou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Nengzuo Jiang
- Fujian Institute of Testing Technology, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yazhe Guo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Haokun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xuanyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Karami AM, Duan Y, Kania PW, Buchmann K. Responses towards eyefluke (Diplostomum pseudospathaceum) in different genetic lineages of rainbow trout. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276895. [PMID: 36301982 PMCID: PMC9612474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Marker-assisted selective breeding of fish with higher levels of resistance towards specific pathogens may improve fish health, but the impact of host genotype on susceptibility to multiple pathogen infections is still poorly investigated. This study examined the resistance in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss towards infection with the eye fluke Diplostomum pseudospathaceum. We used genetically selected rainbow trout, carrying SNPs associated with resistance towards the parasitic ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, and exposed the fish to eye fluke cercariae. We showed that fish partly resistant to I. multifiliis were more susceptible to eye fluke invasion. The expression of immune relevant genes (encoding innate and adaptive factors) was also affected as these genotypes responded less strongly to a secondary fluke infection. The complexity of genome architecture in disease resistance towards multiple pathogens is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma M. Karami
- Laboratory of Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Yajiao Duan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Per W. Kania
- Laboratory of Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kurt Buchmann
- Laboratory of Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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