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Three New Species of Lactifluus (Basidiomycota, Russulaceae) from Guizhou Province, Southwest China. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9010122. [PMID: 36675943 PMCID: PMC9866332 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactifluus is a distinct genus of milkcaps, well known as ectomycorrhizal fungi. The characteristics of the genus Lactifluus include grayish-yellow, orange to orange-brown, or reddish-brown pileus, white latex from the damaged lamellae, discoloring to a brownish color, reticulate spore ornamentation, lampropalisade-type pileipellis, and the presence of lamprocystidia. Guizhou Province is rich in wild mushroom resources due to its special geographical location and natural environment. In this study, three novel Lactifluus species were identified through the screening of extensive fungal resources in Suiyang County, Guizhou Province, China, sampled from host species of mostly Castanopsis spp. and Pinus spp. Based on critical morphology coupled with nuclear sequences of genes encoding large subunit rRNA, internal transcribed spacer, and RNA polymerase II, these new species, Lactifluus taibaiensis, Lactifluus qinggangtangensis, and Lactifluus jianbaensis, were found to belong to Lactifluus section Lactifluus. A comparison with closely related species, Lactifluus taibaiensis was distinguished by its lighter-colored pileus, different colors of lamellae, and more subglobose basidiospores; Lactifluus jianbaensis was identified by the height of the spore ornamentation and its subglobose basidiospores; and Lactifluus qinggangtangensis was characterized by having smaller basidiospores, ridges, and pleurolamprocystid.
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Lebel T, Douch J, Tegart L, Vaughan L, Cooper J, Nuytinck J. Untangling the Lactifluus clarkeae - Lf. flocktoniae( Russulaceae) species complex in Australasia. PERSOONIA 2021; 47:1-44. [PMID: 37693797 PMCID: PMC10486632 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2021.47.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Lactifluus clarkeae complex is a commonly observed, generally brightly coloured, group of mushrooms that are usually associated with Nothofagus or Myrtaceous hosts in Australia and New Zealand. For this study collections labelled as 'Lactarius clarkeae', 'Russula flocktoniae' and 'Lactarius subclarkeae' were examined morphologically and molecularly. Analyses of molecular data showed a high cryptic diversity, with sequences scattered across 11 clades in three subgenera within Lactifluus, and a single collection in Russula. We select epitypes to anchor the currently accepted concepts of Lf. clarkeae s.str. and Lf. flocktoniae s.str. The name Lf. subclarkeae could not be applied to any of the collections examined, as none had a lamprotrichoderm pileipellis. Lactifluus clarkeae var. aurantioruber is raised to species level, and six new species are described, three in subg. Lactifluus: Lf. jetiae, Lf. pagodicystidiatus, and Lf. rugulostipitatus, and three in subg. Gymnocarpi: Lf. albens, Lf. psammophilus, and Lf. pseudoflocktoniae. A new collection of Lf. russulisporus provides a significant range extension for the species. Untangling this complex will enable better identification of species and increase understanding of diversity and specific habitat associations of macrofungi. Citation: Lebel T, Douch J, Tegart L, et al. 2021. Untangling the Lactifluus clarkeae - Lf. flocktoniae (Russulaceae) species complex in Australasia. Persoonia 47: 1-44. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2021.47.01.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Lebel
- Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium, Hackney Rd, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Birdwood Avenue, South Yarra, Victoria, 3141 Australia
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, P.O. Box 69040, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand
| | - J. Douch
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Birdwood Avenue, South Yarra, Victoria, 3141 Australia
- University of Melbourne, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health
| | - L. Tegart
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Birdwood Avenue, South Yarra, Victoria, 3141 Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - L. Vaughan
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Birdwood Avenue, South Yarra, Victoria, 3141 Australia
- University of Melbourne, School of Biosciences, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - J.A. Cooper
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, P.O. Box 69040, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand
| | - J. Nuytinck
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Cao B, Haelewaters D, Schoutteten N, Begerow D, Boekhout T, Giachini AJ, Gorjón SP, Gunde-Cimerman N, Hyde KD, Kemler M, Li GJ, Liu DM, Liu XZ, Nuytinck J, Papp V, Savchenko A, Savchenko K, Tedersoo L, Theelen B, Thines M, Tomšovský M, Toome-Heller M, Urón JP, Verbeken A, Vizzini A, Yurkov AM, Zamora JC, Zhao RL. Delimiting species in Basidiomycota: a review. FUNGAL DIVERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-021-00479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Lee H, Wissitrassameewong K, Park MS, Fong JJ, Verbeken A, Kim C, Lim YW. Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Lactifluus (Russulales, Basidiomycota) of South Korea. MYCOBIOLOGY 2021; 49:308-345. [PMID: 34512077 PMCID: PMC8409976 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2021.1943812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lactifluus (Pers.) Roussel is an ectomycorrhizal genus that was recently recognized to be distinct from the genus Lactarius. To date, 226 Lactifluus species have been reported worldwide. Misidentification of Lactifluus species is common because of intraspecific morphological variation, cryptic diversity, and the limited number of taxonomic keys available. Molecular data are indispensable for species delimitation; a multilocus phylogenetic analysis showed that most Asian Lactifluus species are not conspecific with morphologically similar species present on other continents. In particular, Korea has misused European and North American Lactifluus names. In this study, we evaluated the taxonomy of Lactifluus in Korea using both morphological and multilocus molecular (ITS, nrLSU, rpb1, and rpb2) data. We examined 199 Lactifluus specimens collected between 1980 and 2016, and a total of 24 species across the four Lactifluus subgenera were identified. All Korean species are distinct and clearly separated from European and North American species. Five taxa corresponded to previously described species from Asia and the remaining 19 taxa are confirmed as new species. Herein, we provide keys to the Korean Lactifluus species within their subgenera, molecular phylogenies, a summary of diversity, and detailed description of the new species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Biological and Genetic Resources Utilization Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Korea
| | - Komsit Wissitrassameewong
- National Biobank of Thailand (NBT), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Thanon Phahonyothin, Tambon Klong Nueng, Amphoe Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Thanon Phahonyothin, Tambon Klong Nueng, Amphoe Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Myung Soo Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Annemieke Verbeken
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Research Group Mycology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Changmu Kim
- Biological and Genetic Resources Utilization Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Korea
| | - Young Woon Lim
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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De Lange R, Adamčík S, Adamčíkova K, Asselman P, Borovička J, Delgat L, Hampe F, Verbeken A. Enlightening the black and white: species delimitation and UNITE species hypothesis testing in the Russula albonigra species complex. IMA Fungus 2021; 12:20. [PMID: 34334127 PMCID: PMC8327428 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-021-00064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Russula albonigra is considered a well-known species, morphologically delimited by the context of the basidiomata blackening without intermediate reddening, and the menthol-cooling taste of the lamellae. It is supposed to have a broad ecological range and a large distribution area. A thorough molecular analysis based on four nuclear markers (ITS, LSU, RPB2 and TEF1-α) shows this traditional concept of R. albonigra s. lat. represents a species complex consisting of at least five European, three North American, and one Chinese species. Morphological study shows traditional characters used to delimit R. albonigra are not always reliable. Therefore, a new delimitation of the R. albonigra complex is proposed and a key to the described European species of R. subgen. Compactae is presented. A lectotype and an epitype are designated for R. albonigra and three new European species are described: R. ambusta, R. nigrifacta, and R. ustulata. Different thresholds of UNITE species hypotheses were tested against the taxonomic data. The distance threshold of 0.5% gives a perfect match to the phylogenetically defined species within the R. albonigra complex. Publicly available sequence data can contribute to species delimitation and increase our knowledge on ecology and distribution, but the pitfalls are short and low quality sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben De Lange
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Slavomír Adamčík
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 23, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Adamčíkova
- Institute of Forest Ecology Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 2, 949 01, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Pieter Asselman
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Borovička
- Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 269, 165 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Hlavní 130, 250 68, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Lynn Delgat
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Meise Botanic Garden, Research Department, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860, Meise, Belgium
| | - Felix Hampe
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Verbeken
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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De Crop E, Delgat L, Nuytinck J, Halling R, Verbeken A. A short story of nearly everything in Lactifluus ( Russulaceae). Fungal Syst Evol 2021; 7:133-164. [PMID: 34124621 PMCID: PMC8166210 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi are a large and hyper-diverse group with major taxa present in every ecosystem on earth. However, compared to other eukaryotic organisms, their diversity is largely understudied. Since the rise of molecular techniques, new lineages are being discovered at an increasing rate, but many are not accurately characterised. Access to comprehensive and reliable taxonomic information of organisms is fundamental for research in different disciplines exploring a variety of questions. A globally dominant ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal family in terrestrial ecosystems is the Russulaceae (Russulales, Basidiomycota) family. Amongst the mainly agaricoid Russulaceae genera, the ectomycorrhizal genus Lactifluus was historically least studied due to its largely tropical distribution in many underexplored areas and the apparent occurrence of several species complexes. Due to increased studies in the tropics, with a focus on this genus, knowledge on Lactifluus grew. We demonstrate here that Lactifluus is now one of the best-known ECM genera. This paper aims to provide a thorough overview of the current knowledge of Lactifluus, with information on diversity, distribution, ecology, phylogeny, taxonomy, morphology, and ethnomycological uses of species in this genus. This is a result of our larger study, aimed at building a comprehensive and complete dataset or taxonomic framework for Lactifluus, based on molecular, morphological, biogeographical, and taxonomical data as a tool and reference for other researchers. Citation: De Crop E, Delgat L, Nuytinck J, Halling RE, Verbeken A (2021). A short story of nearly everything in Lactifluus (Russulaceae). Fungal Systematics and Evolution 7: 133-164. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.07.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. De Crop
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Research group Mycology, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - L. Delgat
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Research group Mycology, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- National Botanic Garden of Belgium (BR), Research Department, Domein van Bouchout, 1860 Meise, Belgium
| | - J. Nuytinck
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Research group Mycology, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R.E. Halling
- The New York Botanical Garden, Institute of Systematic Botany, Bronx, NY 10458 USA
| | - A. Verbeken
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Research group Mycology, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Lactifluus ( Russulaceae) diversity in Central America and the Caribbean: melting pot between realms. Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 2020; 44:278-300. [PMID: 33116343 PMCID: PMC7567962 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2020.44.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Species of the ectomycorrhizal genus Lactifluus, and often entire sections, are typically unique to a single continent. Given these biogeographic patterns, an interesting region to study their diversity is Central America and the Caribbean, since the region is closely connected to and often considered a part of the North American continent, but biogeographically belong to the Neotropical realm, and comprises several regions with different geologic histories. Based on a multi-gene phylogeny and morphological study, this study shows that Central America, Mexico and the Caribbean harbour at least 35 Lactifluus species, of which 33 were never reported outside of this region. It was found that species from the Caribbean generally show affinities to South American taxa, while species from the Central American mainland generally show affinities to Northern hemispheric taxa. We hypothesise that host specificity and/or climate play a crucial role in these different origins of diversity. Because of these different affinities, Caribbean islands harbour a completely different Lactifluus diversity than the Central American mainland. The majority of species occurring on the islands can be considered endemic to certain islands or island groups. In this paper, detailed morphological descriptions are given, with a focus on the unique diversity of the islands, and identification keys to all hitherto described Lactifluus species occurring in Central America and the Caribbean are provided. One new section, Lactifluus sect. Nebulosi, and three new species, Lactifluus guadeloupensis, Lactifluus lepus and Lactifluus marmoratus are described.
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He MQ, Zhao RL, Hyde KD, Begerow D, Kemler M, Yurkov A, McKenzie EHC, Raspé O, Kakishima M, Sánchez-Ramírez S, Vellinga EC, Halling R, Papp V, Zmitrovich IV, Buyck B, Ertz D, Wijayawardene NN, Cui BK, Schoutteten N, Liu XZ, Li TH, Yao YJ, Zhu XY, Liu AQ, Li GJ, Zhang MZ, Ling ZL, Cao B, Antonín V, Boekhout T, da Silva BDB, De Crop E, Decock C, Dima B, Dutta AK, Fell JW, Geml J, Ghobad-Nejhad M, Giachini AJ, Gibertoni TB, Gorjón SP, Haelewaters D, He SH, Hodkinson BP, Horak E, Hoshino T, Justo A, Lim YW, Menolli N, Mešić A, Moncalvo JM, Mueller GM, Nagy LG, Nilsson RH, Noordeloos M, Nuytinck J, Orihara T, Ratchadawan C, Rajchenberg M, Silva-Filho AGS, Sulzbacher MA, Tkalčec Z, Valenzuela R, Verbeken A, Vizzini A, Wartchow F, Wei TZ, Weiß M, Zhao CL, Kirk PM. Notes, outline and divergence times of Basidiomycota. FUNGAL DIVERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-019-00435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe Basidiomycota constitutes a major phylum of the kingdom Fungi and is second in species numbers to the Ascomycota. The present work provides an overview of all validly published, currently used basidiomycete genera to date in a single document. An outline of all genera of Basidiomycota is provided, which includes 1928 currently used genera names, with 1263 synonyms, which are distributed in 241 families, 68 orders, 18 classes and four subphyla. We provide brief notes for each accepted genus including information on classification, number of accepted species, type species, life mode, habitat, distribution, and sequence information. Furthermore, three phylogenetic analyses with combined LSU, SSU, 5.8s, rpb1, rpb2, and ef1 datasets for the subphyla Agaricomycotina, Pucciniomycotina and Ustilaginomycotina are conducted, respectively. Divergence time estimates are provided to the family level with 632 species from 62 orders, 168 families and 605 genera. Our study indicates that the divergence times of the subphyla in Basidiomycota are 406–430 Mya, classes are 211–383 Mya, and orders are 99–323 Mya, which are largely consistent with previous studies. In this study, all phylogenetically supported families were dated, with the families of Agaricomycotina diverging from 27–178 Mya, Pucciniomycotina from 85–222 Mya, and Ustilaginomycotina from 79–177 Mya. Divergence times as additional criterion in ranking provide additional evidence to resolve taxonomic problems in the Basidiomycota taxonomic system, and also provide a better understanding of their phylogeny and evolution.
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Montoya L, Caro A, Ramos A, Bandala VM. Two new species of Lactifluus (Fungi, Russulales) from tropical Quercus forest in eastern Mexico. MycoKeys 2019; 59:27-45. [PMID: 31662619 PMCID: PMC6811376 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.59.38359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new species of LactifluussubgenusLactifluus were discovered during a three-year monitoring of the ectomycorrhizal fungi in a tropical oak forest from central Veracruz, Mexico. Systematic sampling of basidiomes allowed recording of the morphological variation of fruit-bodies in different growth stages along with their fructification season. Both new species were distinguished, based on macro- and micromorphological features and on molecular data. A phylogenetic analysis of a concatenated nuc rDNA ITS, D1 and D2 domains of nuc 28S rDNA (LSU) and the 6–7 region of the second largest subunit of the RNA polymerase II (rpb2) sequence dataset of species of Lactifluus is provided. In the phylogeny inferred, one of the new species is sister to L.dissitus Van de Putte, K. Das & Verbeken and the other belongs to the group of species of L.piperatus (L.) Kuntze, sister to an unidentified species from U.S.A. The studied taxa grow under Quercusoleoides in the study site. The species are presented and illustrated here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Montoya
- Red Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología A.C., P.O. Box 63, Xalapa, Veracruz, 91000, México
| | - Abraham Caro
- Red Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología A.C., P.O. Box 63, Xalapa, Veracruz, 91000, México
| | - Antero Ramos
- Red Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología A.C., P.O. Box 63, Xalapa, Veracruz, 91000, México
| | - Victor M Bandala
- Red Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología A.C., P.O. Box 63, Xalapa, Veracruz, 91000, México
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Delgat L, Dierickx G, De Wilde S, Angelini C, De Crop E, De Lange R, Halling R, Manz C, Nuytinck J, Verbeken A. Looks can be deceiving: the deceptive milkcaps ( Lactifluus, Russulaceae) exhibit low morphological variance but harbour high genetic diversity. IMA Fungus 2019; 10:14. [PMID: 32647618 PMCID: PMC7325672 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-019-0017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The ectomycorrhizal genus Lactifluus is known to contain many species complexes, consisting of morphologically very similar species, which can be considered cryptic or pseudocryptic. In this paper, a thorough molecular study is performed of the clade around Lactifluus deceptivus (originally described by Peck from North America) or the deceptive milkcaps. Even though most collections were identified as L. deceptivus, the clade is shown to contain at least 15 species, distributed across Asia and America, indicating that the L. deceptivus clade represents a species complex. These species are morphologically very similar and are characterized by a tomentose pileus with thin-walled hyphae and a velvety stipe with thick-walled hyphae. An ITS1 sequence was obtained through Illumina sequencing for the lectotype of L. deceptivus, dating from 1885, revealing which clade represents the true L. deceptivus. In addition, it is shown that three other described species also belong to the L. deceptivus clade: L. arcuatus, L. caeruleitinctus and L. mordax, and molecularly confirmed that L. tomentoso-marginatus represents a synonym of L. deceptivus. Furthermore, two new Neotropical species are described: Lactifluus hallingii and L. domingensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Delgat
- Department of Biology, Research group Mycology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Glen Dierickx
- Department of Biology, Research group Mycology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Serge De Wilde
- Department of Biology, Research group Mycology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claudio Angelini
- Via Cappuccini 78/8, I-33170 Pordenone, Italy.,National Botanical Garden of Santo Domingo (JBSD), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Eske De Crop
- Department of Biology, Research group Mycology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ruben De Lange
- Department of Biology, Research group Mycology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roy Halling
- Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd, Bronx, NY 10458-5126 USA
| | - Cathrin Manz
- Faculty of Biology, Systematic Botany and Mycology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jorinde Nuytinck
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke Verbeken
- Department of Biology, Research group Mycology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Dierickx G, Froyen M, Halling R, Wisitrassameewong K, Lynn Delgat, Crop ED, Verbeken A. Updated taxonomy of LactifluussectionLuteoli: L.russulisporus from Australia and L.caliendrifer from Thailand. MycoKeys 2019; 56:13-32. [PMID: 31341397 PMCID: PMC6637039 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.56.35204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactifluusrussulisporus Dierickx & De Crop and Lactifluuscaliendrifer Froyen & De Crop are described from eucalypt forests in Queensland, Australia and different forest types in Thailand, respectively. Both species have recently been published on Index Fungorum and fit morphologically and molecularly in L.sect.Luteoli, a section within L.subg.Gymnocarpi that encompasses species with alboochraceous basidiomes, white latex that stains brown and typical capitate elements in the pileipellis and/or marginal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen Dierickx
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Marie Froyen
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Roy Halling
- Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY, USA The New York Botanical Garden New York United States of America
| | - Komsit Wisitrassameewong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Chang Wat Pathum Thani, Thailand BIOTEC Thailand Science Park Thailand
| | - Lynn Delgat
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Eske De Crop
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Annemieke Verbeken
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Ghent University Ghent Belgium
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Haelewaters D, De Kesel A, Pfister DH. Integrative taxonomy reveals hidden species within a common fungal parasite of ladybirds. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15966. [PMID: 30374135 PMCID: PMC6206035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of fungal diversity is far from complete. Species descriptions generally focus on morphological features, but this approach may underestimate true diversity. Using the morphological species concept, Hesperomyces virescens (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales) is a single species with global distribution and wide host range. Since its description 120 years ago, this fungal parasite has been reported from 30 species of ladybird hosts on all continents except Antarctica. These host usage patterns suggest that H. virescens could be made up of many different species, each adapted to individual host species. Using sequence data from three gene regions, we found evidence for distinct clades within Hesperomyces virescens, each clade corresponding to isolates from a single host species. We propose that these lineages represent separate species, driven by adaptation to different ladybird hosts. Our combined morphometric, molecular phylogenetic and ecological data provide support for a unified species concept and an integrative taxonomy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Haelewaters
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA.
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - André De Kesel
- Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860, Meise, Belgium
| | - Donald H Pfister
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
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Lee H, Park JY, Wisitrassameewong K, Kim MJ, Park MS, Kim NK, Lee JK, Lim YW. First Report of Eight Milkcap Species Belonging to Lactarius and Lactifluus in Korea. MYCOBIOLOGY 2018; 46:1-12. [PMID: 29998028 PMCID: PMC6037078 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2018.1454012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lactarius and Lactifluus are milkcaps that are characterized by the secretion of latex. These two genera are part of a globally distributed cosmopolitan group of ectomycorrhizal fungi that is an important food resource in various ecosystems. Recently, the taxonomy of Lactarius and Lactifluus has been revised based on molecular phylogenetics. Despite the importance of these taxa, Korean species of both genera are poorly understood. In an effort to describe milkcap species that are indigenous to Korea, a long-term study has been initiated. During a recent survey, eight species of milkcaps that were previously unrecorded in Korea were detected based on morphological observation and sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region: five Lactarius species (Lactarius atromarginatus, L. austrotorminosus, L. kesiyae, L. tabidus, and L. vietus) and three Lactifluus species (Lactifluus acicularis, Lf. pilosus, and Lf. pinguis). Detailed morphological descriptions and phylogenetic relationships of these species are provided in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Komsit Wisitrassameewong
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Ji Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Soo Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Kyu Kim
- Forest Biodiversity Division, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Korea
| | - Jong Kyu Lee
- College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Young Woon Lim
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Lee H, Park MS, Jung PE, Eimes JA, Seok SJ, Lim YW. Re-evaluation of the taxonomy and diversity of Russula section Foetentinae (Russulales, Basidiomycota) in Korea. MYCOSCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Das K, Ghosh A, Chakraborty D, Li J, Qiu L, Baghela A, Halama M, Hembrom ME, Mehmood T, Parihar A, Pencakowski B, Bielecka M, Reczyńska K, Sasiela D, Singh U, Song Y, Świerkosz K, Szczęśniak K, Uniyal P, Zhang J, Buyck B. Fungal Biodiversity Profiles 31–40. CRYPTOGAMIE MYCOL 2017. [DOI: 10.7872/crym/v38.iss3.2017.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanad Das
- Cryptogamic Unit, Botanical Survey of India, P.O. Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India,, ,
| | - Aniket Ghosh
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, H.N.B. Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar, Garhwal, 246174, Uttarakhand, India,, , ,
| | - Dyutiparna Chakraborty
- Cryptogamic Unit, Botanical Survey of India, P.O. Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India,, ,
| | - Jingwei Li
- State Key Lab of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China,
| | - Lihong Qiu
- State Key Lab of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China,
| | - Abhishek Baghela
- MACS' Agharkar Research Institute, Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune - 411004, India,
| | - Marek Halama
- Museum of Natural History, University of Wrocław, ul. Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Manoj E. Hembrom
- Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India, P.O. Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India,
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, H.N.B. Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar, Garhwal, 246174, Uttarakhand, India,, , ,
| | - Arvind Parihar
- Cryptogamic Unit, Botanical Survey of India, P.O. Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India,, ,
| | - Bartosz Pencakowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Wrocław Medical University, ul. Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Bielecka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Wrocław Medical University, ul. Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kamila Reczyńska
- Department of Botany, University of Wrocław, ul. Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dorota Sasiela
- Museum of Natural History, University of Wrocław, ul. Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Upendra Singh
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, H.N.B. Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar, Garhwal, 246174, Uttarakhand, India,, , ,
| | - Yu Song
- State Key Lab of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China,
| | - Krzysztof Świerkosz
- Museum of Natural History, University of Wrocław, ul. Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szczęśniak
- Museum of Natural History, University of Wrocław, ul. Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Priyanka Uniyal
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, H.N.B. Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar, Garhwal, 246174, Uttarakhand, India,, , ,
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- State Key Lab of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China,
| | - Bart Buyck
- Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Institut de Systematique, Evolution, Biodiversité - UMR 7205 CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, CP 39, 12 rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France
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Leonardi M, Comandini O, Rinaldi AC. Peering into the Mediterranean black box: Lactifluus rugatus ectomycorrhizas on Cistus. IMA Fungus 2016; 7:275-284. [PMID: 27990334 PMCID: PMC5159598 DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2016.07.02.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the morpho-anatomical features of the ectomycorrhizas (ECMs) formed by Lactifluus rugatus on Cistus, a genus of about 20 species of woody shrubs typical of the Mediterranean maquis. The description of L. rugatus mycorrhizas on Cistus is the first ECM description of a species belonging to Lactifluus subgen. Pseudogymnocarpi. The ECM identity was verified through molecular tools. Anatomically, the characteristic of L. rugatus mycorrhiza is the presence of abundant, long "bottle-shaped" cystidia on mantle surface. Indeed, the overwhelming majority of milkcap mycorrhizas are acystidiate. This is the third Lactarius/Lactifluus mycorrhiza to have been described associated with Cistus, the others being Lactarius cistophilus and L. tesquorum. The phylogenetic distance between all these taxa is reflected by the diversity of the principal features of their ECMs, which share host-depending ECM features known for Cistus, but are otherwise distinguishable on the host roots. Comparison of Lactifluus rugatus ECM with those formed by L. vellereus and L. piperatus on Fagus reveals elevated intrageneric diversity of mycorrhizal structures. Such a diversity is supported by analysis of ITS sequences of relevant species within European Lactifluus species. Our study extends knowledge of Cistus mycorrhizal biology and confirms the informative value of mycorrhizal structures in understanding phylogenetic relationships in ECM fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Leonardi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Ornella Comandini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Andrea C. Rinaldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
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A multi-gene phylogeny of Lactifluus ( Basidiomycota, Russulales) translated into a new infrageneric classification of the genus. Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 2016; 38:58-80. [PMID: 29151627 PMCID: PMC5645188 DOI: 10.3767/003158517x693255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Infrageneric relations of the genetically diverse milkcap genus Lactifluus (Russulales, Basidiomycota) are poorly known. Currently used classification systems still largely reflect the traditional, mainly morphological, characters used for infrageneric delimitations of milkcaps. Increased sampling, combined with small-scale molecular studies, show that this genus is underexplored and in need of revision. For this study, we assembled an extensive dataset of the genus Lactifluus, comprising 80 % of all known species and 30 % of the type collections. To unravel the infrageneric relationships within this genus, we combined a multi-gene molecular phylogeny, based on nuclear ITS, LSU, RPB2 and RPB1, with a morphological study, focussing on five important characteristics (fruit body type, presence of a secondary velum, colour reaction of the latex/context, pileipellis type and presence of true cystidia). Lactifluus comprises four supported subgenera, each containing several supported clades. With extensive sampling, ten new clades and at least 17 new species were discovered, which highlight the high diversity in this genus. The traditional infrageneric classification is only partly maintained and nomenclatural changes are proposed. Our morphological study shows that the five featured characteristics are important at different evolutionary levels, but further characteristics need to be studied to find morphological support for each clade. This study paves the way for a more detailed investigation of biogeographical history and character evolution within Lactifluus.
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