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Rocha LFN, Rodrigues J, Martinez JM, Pereira TCD, Neto JRC, Montalva C, Humber RA, Luz C. Occurrence of entomopathogenic hypocrealean fungi in mosquitoes and their larval habitats in Central Brazil, and activity against Aedes aegypti. J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 194:107803. [PMID: 35931180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Collecting entomopathogenic fungi associated with mosquitoes and studies on their activity against mosquito developmental stages will improve the understanding of their potential as agents to control important mosquito vectors. Twenty one strains of entomopathogenic fungi affecting mosquitoes in Central Brazil were studied: 7 of Beauveria bassiana, 7 of Metarhizium humberi, 3 of M. anisopliae, 2 of Cordyceps sp. and one each of Akanthomyces saksenae and Simplicillium lamellicola. These fungi were isolated from field-collected mosquito adults (3 strains) or larvae (a single strain); the other 17 strains were isolated from laboratory-reared Aedes aegypti sentinel larvae set out in partially immersed cages placed in diverse small- to middle-sized aquatic mosquito habitats in or close to areas with secondary tropical forest. The frequent recovery of normally soil-borne Metarhizium spp. and B. bassiana from aquatic habitats is notable. Our laboratory findings indicated that M. anisopliae IP 429 and IP 438 and M. humberi IP 421 and IP 478 were highly active against immature stages and, together with M. anisopliae IP 432, also against adults. These strains appear to be the most promising candidates to develop effective control strategies targeting the different developmental stages of A. aegypti, the most important vector of viral diseases in humans in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz F N Rocha
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Goiás, Aparecida de Goiânia, Brazil.
| | - Juscelino Rodrigues
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil.
| | - Juan M Martinez
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil.
| | - Tatiana C D Pereira
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil.
| | - José R C Neto
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil.
| | - Cristian Montalva
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil; Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Richard A Humber
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil; USDA-ARS Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, USA (retired).
| | - Christian Luz
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil.
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Paecilomyces and Its Importance in the Biological Control of Agricultural Pests and Diseases. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121746. [PMID: 33321854 PMCID: PMC7763231 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Incorporating beneficial microorganisms in crop production is the most promising strategy for maintaining agricultural productivity and reducing the use of inorganic fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides. Numerous microorganisms have been described in the literature as biological control agents for pests and diseases, although some have not yet been commercialised due to their lack of viability or efficacy in different crops. Paecilomyces is a cosmopolitan fungus that is mainly known for its nematophagous capacity, but it has also been reported as an insect parasite and biological control agent of several fungi and phytopathogenic bacteria through different mechanisms of action. In addition, species of this genus have recently been described as biostimulants of plant growth and crop yield. This review includes all the information on the genus Paecilomyces as a biological control agent for pests and diseases. Its growth rate and high spore production rate in numerous substrates ensures the production of viable, affordable, and efficient commercial formulations for agricultural use.
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Vivekanandhan P, Bedini S, Shivakumar MS. Isolation and identification of entomopathogenic fungus from Eastern Ghats of South Indian forest soil and their efficacy as biopesticide for mosquito control. Parasitol Int 2020; 76:102099. [PMID: 32169659 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The repeated usage of chemical insecticides, responsible for insecticide resistance in mosquitoes and environmental toxicity. Currently effective and environmental-safe control strategies are needed for the control disease-vector mosquitoes. Entomopathogens can be an effective alternative to chemical insecticide. Herein we isolated and tested 46 soil-borne entomopathogenic fungi belonging to six genera, namely Beauveria sp., Metarhizium sp., Fusarium sp., Aspergillus sp., Trichoderma sp., and Verticillium sp., fungi conidia were tested on Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. Bioassays results show that M. anisopliae fungal isolate causes a 100%, 98.6% and 92% mortality within six days, on Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus, respectively. M. anisopliae treated three mosquito larvae have lower lifetime with LT50 values in A. stephensi, 2.931 days; A. aegypti, 2.676 days and C. quinquefasciatus, 3.254 days. 18 s rDNA sequence analysis confirmed that the isolated fungus are belonging to the genus of M. anisopliae-VKKH3, B. bassiana-VKBb03, and V. lecanii-VKPH1. Our results clearly show that M. anisopliae has good potential, as a low-cost, environmentally safe tool for the control of A. aegypti, A. stephensi, and C. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vivekanandhan
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Bedini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - M S Shivakumar
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Wei DP, Wanasinghe DN, Hyde KD, Mortimer PE, Xu J, Xiao YP, Bhunjun CS, To-Anun C. The genus Simplicillium. MycoKeys 2019; 60:69-92. [PMID: 31798310 PMCID: PMC6879665 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.60.38040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Simplicillium species have a wide host range and an extensive distribution. Some species are associated with rusts, as well as other plant pathogenic fungi and play an important role in biological control. In this study, two specimens of Simplicillium were collected from Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Simplicilliumformicae sp. nov. was isolated from an infected ant and S.lanosoniveum from Ophiocordycepsunilateralis which is a new host record. Species were initially identified using ITS gene sequences and confirmed using morphology coupled with phylogenetic analyses of a combined nrLSU, nrSSU, TEF and RPB1 dataset. Simplicilliumformicae differs from other species in the genus by the presence of flask-shaped synnemata and phialides with intercalary nodes. Simplicilliumlanosoniveum resembles other collections of the species by its completely solitary, tapering phialides and globose to ellipsoidal conidia which adhere in a slimly head. A key to species of Simplicillium is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Ping Wei
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.,Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China.,Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand
| | - Dhanushka N Wanasinghe
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China.,World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Kevin D Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.,Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand
| | - Peter E Mortimer
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Jianchu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China.,World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuan-Pin Xiao
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.,Engineering Research Center of Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, China.,School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - Chitrabhanu S Bhunjun
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.,School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - Chaiwat To-Anun
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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Proboscis infection route of Beauveria bassiana triggers early death of Anopheles mosquito. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3476. [PMID: 28615623 PMCID: PMC5471193 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03720-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi are known to control vector mosquito populations. Thus, understanding the infection dynamics of entomopathogenic fungi is crucial for the effective control of insect pests such as mosquitoes. We investigated the dynamics of Beauveria bassiana s.l. 60-2 infection of Anopheles stephensi by exposing the mosquito to fungus-impregnated filter paper through two infection routes and then comparing the mortality and extent of infection. Fungal development was observed after using this inoculation method with both the tarsus route and the proboscis route, but early mosquito death occurred only after infection through the proboscis route. Fungal hyphae invaded almost all the tissues and organs before or after the death of the host, and fungal invasion of the brain was highly correlated with mortality. Moreover, although all mosquitoes that were alive at various time points after inoculation showed no fungal infection in the brain, fungal infection was detected in the brain in all dead mosquitoes. Our results suggest that fungal invasion of the brain represents one of the factors affecting mortality, and that the proboscis route of infection is critical for the early death of vector mosquitoes.
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