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Gabriel A, Ridge ST, Birth M, Horstmann T, Pohl T, Konrad A. Local and non-local effects (on the posterior chain) of four weeks of foot exercises: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22000. [PMID: 39317709 PMCID: PMC11422494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71585-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the local, remote, and contralateral effects of a four-week intrinsic foot muscle exercise intervention in recreationally active participants on foot parameters, flexibility, and performance of the posterior chain (PC). Twenty-eight healthy participants (12f, 16m) were randomly assigned to a control group or performed 2 × 6 min of foot exercises twice daily unilaterally at least five days/week for four weeks. At baseline (M1), after the intervention (M2), and after a four-week wash-out period (M3), we assessed bilateral Foot Posture Index-6, medial longitudinal arch mobility, single-leg stance balance, range of motion (ROM) (first metatarsophalangeal joint and ankle), and flexibility and performance of the PC. The FPI-6 score changes over time differed significantly between groups for both legs, improving by 26% in the trained- (p < .001) and 11% in the untrained leg (p = .02) in the intervention group from M1 to M2. Improvements were maintained at M3 for the trained leg (p = .02). Ankle range of motion and balance of the trained leg improved from M1 to M2, yet only became significant at M3 (ROM: p = .02; balance: p = .007). The other parameters did not change significantly. A four-week foot exercise intervention might have local but no remote effects in healthy young adults.German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS00027923) (24/08/2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gabriel
- Professorship for Conservative and Rehabilitative Orthopedics, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Sarah T Ridge
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Education, Nursing and Health Professions, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Michael Birth
- Professorship for Conservative and Rehabilitative Orthopedics, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Horstmann
- Professorship for Conservative and Rehabilitative Orthopedics, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Torsten Pohl
- Professorship for Conservative and Rehabilitative Orthopedics, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Konrad
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, Graz University, Graz, Austria
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Malus J, Urbaczka J, Hamill J, Rygelova M, Monte A, Horka V, Uchytil J. Does an acute transition to different footwear conditions affect walking patterns in people with different experiences of minimalist footwear? Gait Posture 2024; 113:258-264. [PMID: 38968820 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimalistic footwear provides adequate toe space, tripod function, improving foot function, muscle activation and stability during walking similarly to barefoot walking. Due to the increasing popularity of this specific footwear, there is a lack of research focusing on general users of minimalistic footwear. RESEARCH QUESTION Does annual walking in minimalistic footwear affect gait biomechanics? METHODS Cross-sectional study involving twenty participants in a minimalistic footwear group with both experience (MFE) and no experience (NMFE). Participants walked in three different conditions (barefoot, minimalistic, and neutral footwear) in the laboratory at normal human walking speed. RESULTS A significant main effect of groups regardless of footwear conditions show significantly greater values during walking in minimalistic footwear and barefoot in the stride length (p=0.035, p=0.003, respectively), and stride width (p=0.047, p=0.028, respectively) in the NMFE group compared to MFE group. The significant differences in the main effects of footwear regardless of experience were found in stance time (p<0.001), steps per minute (p<0.001), stride length (<0.001), foot adduction in TO (p<0.001), foot eversion angle in IC and TO (p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively), foot progression angle (p<0.001), ankle dorsiflexion angle in IC and TO (p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively), in ankle eversion angle in IC and TO (p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively), knee flexion angle in IC and TO (p<0.001; p<0.001, respectively), and in knee flexion range of motion (p<0.001). SIGNIFICANCE Based on our findings, barefoot walking should be used primarily during daily activities if the environment is conducive. Only one year of experience with minimalistic footwear seems insufficient and an intervention should be incorporated to change the gait pattern when transitioning to full minimalistic footwear walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Malus
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava 70200, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Urbaczka
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava 70200, Czech Republic.
| | - Joseph Hamill
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava 70200, Czech Republic; Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA.
| | - Marketa Rygelova
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava 70200, Czech Republic.
| | - Andrea Monte
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Veronika Horka
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava 70200, Czech Republic.
| | - Jaroslav Uchytil
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava 70200, Czech Republic.
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Gabriel A, Fuchs K, Haller B, Sulowska-Daszyk I, Horstmann T, Konrad A. A four-week minimalist shoe walking intervention influences foot posture and balance in young adults-a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304640. [PMID: 38900749 PMCID: PMC11189255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Minimalist shoes (MS) are beneficial for foot health. The foot is a part of the posterior chain. It is suggested that interventions on the plantar foot sole also affect the upper segments of the body. This study aimed to investigate the local and remote effects along the posterior chain of four weeks of MS walking in recreationally active young adults. METHODS 28 healthy participants (15 female, 13 male; 25.3 ± 5.3 years; 70.2 ± 11.9 kg; 175.0 ± 7.8 cm) were randomly assigned to a control- or intervention group. The intervention group undertook a four-week incremental MS walking program, which included 3,000 steps/day in the first week, increasing to 5,000 steps/day for the remaining three weeks. The control group walked in their preferred shoe (no MS). We assessed the following parameters in a laboratory at baseline [M1], after the four-week intervention [M2], and after a four-week wash-out period [M3]: Foot parameters (i.e., Foot Posture Index-6, Arch Rigidity Index), static single-leg stance balance, foot-, ankle-, and posterior chain range of motion, and muscle strength of the posterior chain. We fitted multiple hierarchically built mixed models to the data. RESULTS In the MS group, the Foot Posture Index (b = -3.72, t(51) = -6.05, p < .001, [-4.94, 2.51]) and balance (b = -17.96, t(49) = -2.56, p = .01, [-31.54, 4.37]) significantly improved from M1 to M2, but not all other parameters (all p >.05). The improvements remained at M3 (Foot Posture Index: b = -1.71, t(51) = -2.73, p = .009, [-4,94,0.48]; balance: b = -15.97, t(49) = -2.25, p = .03, [-29.72, 2.21]). DISCUSSION Walking in MS for four weeks might be advantageous for foot health of recreationally active young adults but no chronic remote effects should be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gabriel
- Professorship for Conservative and Rehabilitative Orthopedics, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Fuchs
- Professorship for Conservative and Rehabilitative Orthopedics, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haller
- Institute of AI and Informatics in Medicine, School of Medicine and Health, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Iwona Sulowska-Daszyk
- Institute of Clinical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Thomas Horstmann
- Professorship for Conservative and Rehabilitative Orthopedics, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Konrad
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, Graz University, Graz, Austria
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Malus J, Urbaczka J, Rygelova M, Casula V, Nieminen M, Monte A, Horka V, Uchytil J. Effect of Footwear Type on Biomechanical Risk Factors for Knee Osteoarthritis. Orthop J Sports Med 2023; 11:23259671231183416. [PMID: 37560612 PMCID: PMC10406632 DOI: 10.1177/23259671231183416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular walking in different types of footwear may increase the mediolateral shear force, knee adduction moment, or vertical ground-reaction forces that could increase the risk of early development of knee osteoarthritis (OA). PURPOSE To compare kinematic and kinetic parameters that could affect the development of knee OA in 3 footwear conditions. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS A total of 40 asymptomatic participants performed walking trials in the laboratory at self-selected walking speeds under barefoot (BF), minimalistic (MF), and neutral (NF) footwear conditions. Knee joint parameters were described using discrete point values, and continuous curves were evaluated using statistical parametric mapping. A 3 × 1 repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to determine the main effect of footwear for both discrete and continuous data. To compare differences between footwear conditions, a post hoc paired t test was used. RESULTS Discrete point analyses showed a significantly greater knee power in NF compared with MF and BF in the weight absorption phase (P < .001 for both). Statistical parametric mapping analysis indicated a significantly greater knee angle in the sagittal plane at the end of the propulsive phase in BF compared with NF and MF (P = .043). Knee joint moment was significantly greater in the propulsive phase for the sagittal (P = .038) and frontal planes (P = .035) in BF compared with NF and MF and in the absorption phase in the sagittal plane (P = .034) in BF compared with MF and NF. A significant main effect of footwear was found for anteroposterior (propulsion, ↑MF, NF, ↓BF [P = .008]; absorption, ↑BF, MF, ↓NF [P = .001]), mediolateral (propulsion, ↑MF, NF, ↓BF [P = .005]; absorption, ↑NF, MF, ↓BF [P = .044]), and vertical (propulsion, ↑NF, BF, ↓MF [P = .001]; absorption, ↑MF, BF, ↓NF [P < .001]) ground-reaction forces. Knee power showed a significant main effect of footwear (absorption, ↑NF, MF, ↓BF [P = .015]; propulsion, ↑MF, NF, ↓BF [P = .039]). CONCLUSION Walking in MF without sufficient accommodation affected kinetic and kinematic parameters and could increase the risk of early development of knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Malus
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Urbaczka
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Rygelova
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Victor Casula
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Miika Nieminen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Andrea Monte
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Veronika Horka
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Uchytil
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Kayll SA, Hinman RS, Bryant AL, Bennell KL, Rowe PL, Paterson KL. Do biomechanical foot-based interventions reduce patellofemoral joint loads in adults with and without patellofemoral pain or osteoarthritis? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2023:bjsports-2022-106542. [PMID: 36898768 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of biomechanical foot-based interventions (eg, footwear, insoles, taping and bracing on the foot) on patellofemoral loads during walking, running or walking and running combined in adults with and without patellofemoral pain or osteoarthritis. DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTdiscus, Embase and CENTRAL. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES English-language studies that assessed effects of biomechanical foot-based interventions on peak patellofemoral joint loads, quantified by patellofemoral joint pressure, reaction force or knee flexion moment during gait, in people with or without patellofemoral pain or osteoarthritis. RESULTS We identified 22 footwear and 11 insole studies (participant n=578). Pooled analyses indicated low-certainty evidence that minimalist footwear leads to a small reduction in peak patellofemoral joint loads compared with conventional footwear during running only (standardised mean difference (SMD) (95% CI) = -0.40 (-0.68 to -0.11)). Low-certainty evidence indicated that medial support insoles do not alter patellofemoral joint loads during walking (SMD (95% CI) = -0.08 (-0.42 to 0.27)) or running (SMD (95% CI) = 0.11 (-0.17 to 0.39)). Very low-certainty evidence indicated rocker-soled shoes have no effect on patellofemoral joint loads during walking and running combined (SMD (95% CI) = 0.37) (-0.06 to 0.79)). CONCLUSION Minimalist footwear may reduce peak patellofemoral joint loads slightly compared with conventional footwear during running only. Medial support insoles may not alter patellofemoral joint loads during walking or running and the evidence is very uncertain about the effect of rocker-soled shoes during walking and running combined. Clinicians aiming to reduce patellofemoral joint loads during running in people with patellofemoral pain or osteoarthritis may consider minimalist footwear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samual A Kayll
- Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rana S Hinman
- Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam L Bryant
- Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim L Bennell
- Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick L Rowe
- Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kade L Paterson
- Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Schwartz I, Ofran Y, Bernovsky S, Kandel L, Rivkin G, Karniel N, Seyres M, Portnoy S. Cushioned Footwear Effect on Pain and Gait Characteristics of Individuals with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Double-Blinded 3 Month Intervention Study. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:1375. [PMID: 36772413 PMCID: PMC9920540 DOI: 10.3390/s23031375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
One of the recommendations for individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the use of specific footwear, such as sturdy or cushioned shoes. However, the long-term use effects of using cushioned shoes on the pain and spatiotemporal gait parameters in individuals with knee OA are yet to be reported. We therefore aimed to compare the efficacy of cushioned sport footwear versus sham shoes on motor functions, pain and gait characteristics of individuals with knee OA who used the shoes for 3 months. In a double-blinded study, we provided 26 individuals with knee OA with cushioned sport shoes and 12 individuals with knee OA with similar sport shoes without cushioning for 3 months. The gait analysis, the timed up and go (TUG) test and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) were conducted and the pain levels were measured at the baseline, 1 month, and 3 months after the baseline. We found that the cushioned shoes reduce the amount of pain (based on WOMAC) in the affected knee and increase functionality in the research group, but not in the control group. Gait velocity and cadence were increased in both groups. Gait spatiotemporal parameters and their symmetry were unaffected during the intervention. We conclude that the use of cushioned shoes should be recommended to individuals with knee OA for alleviating pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Schwartz
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9765418, Israel
| | - Yonah Ofran
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9765418, Israel
| | - Svetlana Bernovsky
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9765418, Israel
| | - Leonid Kandel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
- Department of Orthopedics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9765418, Israel
| | - Gurion Rivkin
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
- Department of Orthopedics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9765418, Israel
| | - Naama Karniel
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9765418, Israel
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Martin Seyres
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9765418, Israel
| | - Sigal Portnoy
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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Kayll SA, Hinman RS, Bennell KL, Bryant AL, Rowe PL, Paterson KL. The effect of biomechanical foot-based interventions on patellofemoral joint loads during gait in adults with and without patellofemoral pain or osteoarthritis: a systematic review protocol. J Foot Ankle Res 2022; 15:91. [PMID: 36514101 PMCID: PMC9746129 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-022-00596-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patellofemoral pain is highly prevalent across the lifespan, and a significant proportion of people report unfavourable outcomes years after diagnosis. Previous research has implicated patellofemoral joint loading during gait in patellofemoral pain and its sequelae, patellofemoral osteoarthritis. Biomechanical foot-based interventions (e.g., footwear, insoles, orthotics, taping or bracing) can alter patellofemoral joint loads by reducing motions at the foot that increase compression between the patella and underlying femur via coupling mechanisms, making them a promising treatment option. This systematic review will summarise the evidence about the effect of biomechanical foot-based interventions on patellofemoral joint loads during gait in adults with and without patellofemoral pain and osteoarthritis. METHODS MEDLINE (Ovid), the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature CINAHL, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), SPORTdiscus (EBSCO) and Embase (Ovid) will be searched. Our search strategy will include terms related to 'patellofemoral joint', 'loads' and 'biomechanical foot-based interventions'. We will include studies published in the English language that assess the effect of biomechanical foot-based interventions on patellofemoral joint loads, quantified by patellofemoral joint pressure, patellofemoral joint reaction force and/or knee flexion moment. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts, complete full-text reviews, and extract data from included studies. Two reviewers will assess study quality using the Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB 2) tool or the Cochrane Risk Of Bias In Non-Randomized Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. We will provide a synthesis of the included studies' characteristics and results. If three or more studies are sufficiently similar in population and intervention, we will pool the data to conduct a meta-analysis and report findings as standardised mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. If a meta-analysis cannot be performed, we will conduct a narrative synthesis of the results and produce forest plots for individual studies. DISCUSSION This protocol outlines the methods of a systematic review that will determine the effect of biomechanical foot-based interventions on patellofemoral joint loads. Our findings will inform clinical practice by identifying biomechanical foot-based interventions that reduce or increase patellofemoral joint loads, which may aid the treatment of adults with patellofemoral pain and osteoarthritis. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered with PROSPERO on the 4th of May 2022 (CRD42022315207).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samual A. Kayll
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 3010, Level 7, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry Street, Parkville, Australia
| | - Rana S. Hinman
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 3010, Level 7, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry Street, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kim L. Bennell
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 3010, Level 7, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry Street, Parkville, Australia
| | - Adam L. Bryant
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 3010, Level 7, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry Street, Parkville, Australia
| | - Patrick L. Rowe
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 3010, Level 7, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry Street, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kade L. Paterson
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 3010, Level 7, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry Street, Parkville, Australia
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Byrnes SK, Holder J, Stief F, Wearing S, Böhm H, Dussa CU, Horstmann T. Frontal plane knee moment in clinical gait analysis: A systematic review on the effect of kinematic gait changes. Gait Posture 2022; 98:39-48. [PMID: 36049417 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.07.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The frontal plane knee moment (KAM1 and KAM2) derived from non-invasive three-dimensional gait analysis is a surrogate measure for knee joint load and of great interest in clinical and research settings. Many aspects can influence this measure either unintentionally or purposely in order to reduce the knee joint load to relieve symptoms and pain. All these aspects must be known when conducting a study or interpreting gait data for clinical decision-making. METHODS This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020187038). Pubmed and Web of Science were searched for peer-reviewed, original research articles in which unshod three-dimensional gait analysis was undertaken and KAM1 and KAM2 were included as an outcome variable. Two reviewers independently screened articles for inclusion, extracted data and performed a methodological quality assessment using Downs and Black checklist. RESULTS In total, 42 studies were included. Based on the independent variable investigated, these studies were divided into three groups: 1) gait modifications, 2) individual characteristics and 3) idiopathic orthopedic deformities. Among others, fast walking speeds (1) were found to increase KAM1; There were no sex-related differences (2) and genu valgum (3) reduces KAM1 and KAM2. CONCLUSION While consistent use of terminology and reporting of KAM is required for meta-analysis, this review indicates that gait modifications (speed, trunk lean, step width), individual characteristics (body weight, age) and idiopathic orthopedic deformities (femoral or tibial torsion, genu valgum/varum) influence KAM magnitudes during walking. These factors should be considered by researchers when designing studies (especially of longitudinal design) or by clinicians when interpreting data for surgical and therapeutic decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kimberly Byrnes
- Orthopedic Children's Hospital, Kind im Zentrum - Chiemgau, Aschau, Germany; Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Institute for Conservative and Rehabilitative Orthopedics, Technical University of Munich, Germany.
| | - Jana Holder
- Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Felix Stief
- Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Scott Wearing
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Institute for Conservative and Rehabilitative Orthopedics, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Böhm
- Orthopedic Children's Hospital, Kind im Zentrum - Chiemgau, Aschau, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Horstmann
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Institute for Conservative and Rehabilitative Orthopedics, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Medical Park St. Hubertus Klinik, Bad Wiessee, Germany
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Huber G, Jaitner T, Schmidt M. Acute effects of minimalist shoes on biomechanical gait parameters in comparison to walking barefoot and in cushioned shoes: a randomised crossover study. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2022.2057593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gina Huber
- Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Thomas Jaitner
- Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marcus Schmidt
- Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
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