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Ramamurthy K, Thomas NP, Gopi S, Sudhakaran G, Haridevamuthu B, Namasivayam KR, Arockiaraj J. Is Laccase derived from Pleurotus ostreatus effective in microplastic degradation? A critical review of current progress, challenges, and future prospects. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133971. [PMID: 39032890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Exploration of Pleurotus ostreatus as a biological agent in the degradation of persistent plastics like polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, and polyethylene terephthalate, revealing a promising avenue toward mitigating the environmental impacts of plastic pollution. Leveraging the intrinsic enzymatic capabilities of this fungus, mainly its production of laccase, presents a sustainable and eco-friendly approach to breaking down complex polymer chains into less harmful constituents. This review focused on enhancements in the strain's efficiency through genetic engineering, optimized culture conditions, and enzyme immobilization to underscore the potential for scalability and practical application of this bioremediation process. The utilization of laccase from P. ostreatus in plastic waste management demonstrates a vital step forward in pursuing sustainable environmental solutions. By using the potential of fungal bioremediation, researchers can move closer to a future in which the adverse effects of plastic pollution are significantly mitigated, benefiting the health of our planet and future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Ramamurthy
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Kattankulatur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Paul Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Kattankulatur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanjay Gopi
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Kattankulatur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gokul Sudhakaran
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Instituite of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Haridevamuthu
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Kattankulatur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthick Raja Namasivayam
- Centre for Applied Research, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Instituite of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Kattankulatur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Li T, Huang L, Li Y, Xu Z, Ge X, Zhang Y, Wang N, Wang S, Yang W, Lu F, Liu Y. The heterologous expression, characterization, and application of a novel laccase from Bacillus velezensis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 713:136713. [PMID: 32019046 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Laccases have a huge potential in numerous environmental and industrial applications due to the ability to oxidized a wide range of substrates. Here, a novel laccase gene from the identified Bacillus velezensis TCCC 111904 was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The optimal temperature and pH for oxidation by recombinant laccase (rLac) were 80 °C and 5.5, respectively, in the case of the substrate 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and 80 °C and 7.0, respectively, in the case of 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (2,6-DMP). rLac exhibited high thermostability and pH stability over a wide range (pH 3.0, 7.0, and 9.0). Additionally, most of the metal ions did not inhibit the activity of rLac significantly. rLac showed great tolerance against high concentration of NaCl, and 50.8% of its initial activity remained in the reaction system containing 500 mM NaCl compared to the control. Moreover, rLac showed a high efficiency in decolorizing different types of dyes including azo, anthraquinonic, and triphenylmethane dyes at a high temperature (60 °C) and over an extensive pH range (pH 5.5, 7.0, and 9.0). These unique characteristics of rLac indicated that it could be a potential candidate for applications in treatment of dye effluents and other industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; College of Basic Science, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Lin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yanzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Zehua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Xiuqi Ge
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yuanfu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Basic Science, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yihan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
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Berini F, Verce M, Ausec L, Rosini E, Tonin F, Pollegioni L, Mandić-Mulec I. Isolation and characterization of a heterologously expressed bacterial laccase from the anaerobe Geobacter metallireducens. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:2425-2439. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8785-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ergün BG, Çalık P. Lignocellulose degrading extremozymes produced by Pichia pastoris: current status and future prospects. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 39:1-36. [PMID: 26497303 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review article, extremophilic lignocellulosic enzymes with special interest on xylanases, β-mannanases, laccases and finally cellulases, namely, endoglucanases, exoglucanases and β-glucosidases produced by Pichia pastoris are reviewed for the first time. Recombinant lignocellulosic extremozymes are discussed from the perspectives of their potential application areas; characteristics of recombinant and native enzymes; the effects of P. pastoris expression system on recombinant extremozymes; and their expression levels and applied strategies to increase the enzyme expression yield. Further, effects of enzyme domains on activity and stability, protein engineering via molecular dynamics simulation and computational prediction, and site-directed mutagenesis and amino acid modifications done are also focused. Superior enzyme characteristics and improved stability due to the proper post-translational modifications and better protein folding performed by P. pastoris make this host favourable for extremozyme production. Especially, glycosylation contributes to the structure, function and stability of enzymes, as generally glycosylated enzymes produced by P. pastoris exhibit better thermostability than non-glycosylated enzymes. However, there has been limited study on enzyme engineering to improve catalytic efficiency and stability of lignocellulosic enzymes. Thus, in the future, studies should focus on protein engineering to improve stability and catalytic efficiency via computational modelling, mutations, domain replacements and fusion enzyme technology. Also metagenomic data need to be used more extensively to produce novel enzymes with extreme characteristics and stability.
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Balakumaran PA, Förster J, Zimmermann M, Charumathi J, Schmitz A, Czarnotta E, Lehnen M, Sudarsan S, Ebert BE, Blank LM, Meenakshisundaram S. The trade-off of availability and growth inhibition through copper for the production of copper-dependent enzymes by Pichia pastoris. BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:20. [PMID: 26897180 PMCID: PMC4761204 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0251-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Copper is an essential chemical element for life as it is a part of prosthetic groups of enzymes including super oxide dismutase and cytochrome c oxidase; however, it is also toxic at high concentrations. Here, we present the trade-off of copper availability and growth inhibition of a common host used for copper-dependent protein production, Pichia pastoris. Results At copper concentrations ranging from 0.1 mM (6.35 mg/L) to 2 mM (127 mg/L), growth rates of 0.25 h−1 to 0.16 h−1 were observed with copper uptake of as high as 20 mgcopper/gCDW. The intracellular copper content was estimated by subtracting the copper adsorbed on the cell wall from the total copper concentration in the biomass. Higher copper concentrations led to stronger cell growth retardation and, at 10 mM (635 mg/L) and above, to growth inhibition. To test the determined copper concentration range for optimal recombinant protein production, a laccase gene from Aspergillus clavatus [EMBL: EAW07265.1] was cloned under the control of the constitutive glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP) dehydrogenase promoter for expression in P. pastoris. Notably, in the presence of copper, laccase expression improved the specific growth rate of P. pastoris. Although copper concentrations of 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM augmented laccase expression 4 times up to 3 U/mL compared to the control (0.75 U/mL), while higher copper concentrations resulted in reduced laccase production. An intracellular copper content between 1 and 2 mgcopper/gCDW was sufficient for increased laccase activity. The physiology of the yeast could be excluded as a reason for the stop of laccase production at moderate copper concentrations as no flux redistribution could be observed by 13C-metabolic flux analysis. Conclusion Copper and its pivotal role to sustain cellular functions is noteworthy. However, knowledge on its cellular accumulation, availability and distribution for recombinant protein production is limited. This study attempts to address one such challenge, which revealed the fact that intracellular copper accumulation influenced laccase production and should be considered for high protein expression of copper-dependent enzymes when using P. pastoris. The results are discussed in the context of P. pastoris as a general host for copper -dependent enzyme production. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-016-0251-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Förster
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Martin Zimmermann
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Jayachandran Charumathi
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai, 600025, India.
| | - Andreas Schmitz
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Eik Czarnotta
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Mathias Lehnen
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Suresh Sudarsan
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Birgitta E Ebert
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Lars Mathias Blank
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Fonseca-Maldonado R, Ribeiro LF, Furtado GP, Arruda LM, Meleiro LP, Alponti JS, Botelho-Machado C, Vieira DS, Bonneil E, Furriel RDPM, Thibault P, Ward RJ. Synergistic action of co-expressed xylanase/laccase mixtures against milled sugar cane bagasse. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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