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Kato M, Kudo Y, Hatase M, Tsuchida N, Takeyama S, Sugiyama T, Fujimura M, Yabe I, Tsujimoto H, Fukumori Y, Inoue N, Atsumi T. Moyamoya Disease Associated with a Deficiency of Complement Component 6. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106601. [PMID: 35717718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Complement component 6 (C6) deficiency is a very rare genetic defect that leads to significantly diminished synthesis, secretion, or function of C6. In the current report, we demonstrate a previously undescribed, homozygous missense mutation in exon 17 of the C6 gene (c.2545A>G p.Arg849Gly) in a 35-year-old Japanese woman with moyamoya disease and extremely low levels of CH50 (<7.0 U/mL). MATERIALS AND METHODS The complement gene analysis using hybridization capture-based next generation sequencing was performed. CH50 was determined in patient's plasma mixed with plasma from a healthy donor or purified human C6 protein. Western blot was performed on patient's plasma using polyclonal antibodies against C6, with healthy donor's plasma and purified human C6 protein as positive controls while C6-depleted human serum as a negative control. The carriage of ring finger protein 213 variant (c.14576G>A p.Arg4859Lys), a susceptibility gene for moyamoya disease, was examined by direct sequencing. RESULTS CH50 mixing test clearly showed a deficiency pattern, being rescued by addition of only 1% healthy donor's plasma or 1 μg/mL purified human C6 protein (1/50-1/100 of physiological concentration). Western blot revealed the absence of C6 protein in the patient's plasma, confirming a quantitative deficiency of C6. The ring finger protein 213 variant was not detected. CONCLUSIONS Our data implies that unrecognized complement deficiencies would be harbored in cerebrovascular diseases with unknown etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Kato
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N14W5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan.
| | - Yuki Kudo
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N14W5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
| | - Masanao Hatase
- Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14W5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
| | - Naohisa Tsuchida
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N14W5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
| | - Shuhei Takeyama
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N14W5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
| | - Taku Sugiyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15W7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
| | - Miki Fujimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15W7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yabe
- The Division of Clinical Genetics, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14W5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsujimoto
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Yasuo Fukumori
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Inoue
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N14W5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
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Massri M, Foco L, Würzner R. Comprehensive Update and Revision of Nomenclature on Complement C6 and C7 Variants. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2597-2612. [PMID: 35867677 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Complement genes encompass a wide array of variants, giving rise to numerous protein isoforms that have often been shown to exhibit clinical significance. Given that these variants have been discovered over a span of 50 y, one challenging consequence is the inconsistency in the terminology used to classify them. This issue is prominently evident in the nomenclature used for complement C6 and C7 variants, for which we observed a great discrepancy between previously published works and variants described in current genome browsers. This report discusses the causes for the discrepancies in C6 and C7 nomenclature and seeks to establish a classification system that would unify existing and future variants. The inconsistency in the methods used to annotate amino acids and the modifications pinpointed in the C6 and C7 primers are some of the factors that contribute greatly to the discrepancy in the nomenclature. Several variants that were classified incorrectly are highlighted in this report, and we showcase first-hand how a unified classification system is important to match previous with current genetic information. Ultimately, we hope that the proposed classification system of nomenclature becomes an incentive for studies on complement variants and their physiological and/or pathological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Massri
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; and
| | - Luisa Foco
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated with the University of Lübeck), Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Reinhard Würzner
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; and
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Genetic workup as a complementary tool for the diagnosis of primary complement component deficiencies: a multicenter experience. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:1997-2004. [PMID: 35118517 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04397-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Diagnosis of primary complement deficiencies requires a high index of suspicion. Thus, susceptible patients are often underdiagnosed and untreated. Here, we present a multicenter experience with two novel inborn errors of the classical complement system. This is a retrospective multicenter analysis of computerized medical records of children (<18 years) admitted in the period between 2012 and 2018 at Shaare Zedek Medical Center in Jerusalem and Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Tel-Hashomer Medical Center, in Ramat Gan, Israel. Patients were genetically diagnosed by a complementary immune workup. We identified 5 patients (3 males) from four different families harboring two novel mutations in the complement components C6-C8. Genetic mutations were identified by whole-exome sequencing or by sequencing of the coding exons of a single gene based on the findings in the immune workup. Clinical manifestations consisted of meningitis with or without meningococcemia. The immune workup demonstrated nearly absent levels of CH50, compatible with a complement pathway defect. Diagnosis delay ranged between 0 and 30 years. CONCLUSION Awareness of risk factors for primary complement deficiencies, even at the first infectious episode, should facilitate prompt immune and genetic workup, commencing diagnosis and proper treatment for the patient and family. WHAT IS KNOWN • Deficiencies in the classical terminal complement components increase susceptibility to invasive meningococcal infections. • Recurrent meningococcal infections mandate a diagnostic workup of the complement system. WHAT IS NEW • Genetic workup can be utilized for prompt diagnosis of complement deficiencies. • High rates of consanguinity, even in the presence of a single meningococcal infection, should promote immune and genetic workups.
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Chen R, Yi Y, Xiao W, Zhong B, Shu Y, Zhang L, Zeng Y. Label-Free Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Proteomic Analysis of Urinary Identification in Diabetic Vascular Dementia in a Han Chinese Population. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:619945. [PMID: 33597859 PMCID: PMC7882624 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.619945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers of diabetic vascular dementia (DVD) and unravel the underlying mechanisms using mass spectrometry (MS). Methods: Label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) proteomic analysis was applied to urine samples from four groups, including 14 patients with vascular dementia (VD), 22 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 12 patients with DVD, and 21 normal controls (NCs). Searching the MS data by Proteome Discoverer software (ThermoFisher Scientific; Waltham, MA, USA), protein abundances were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively and compared between these groups. Combining bioinformatics analysis using Gene Ontology (GO), pathway crosstalk analysis using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis using STRING, and literature searching, the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) of DVD can be comprehensively judged and were further quantified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve methods. Results: The proteomic findings showed quantitative changes in patients with DVD compared to patients with NC, T2DM, and VD groups; among 4,744 identified urine proteins, 1,222, 1,152, and 1,180 proteins displayed quantitative changes unique to DVD vs. NC, T2DM, and VD, respectively, including 481 overlapped common DEPs. Then, nine unique proteins [including HP, SERPIND, ATP5PB, VNN2, ALDH3A1, U2AF2, C6, A0A5C2GRG5 (no name), and A0A5C2FZ29 (no name)] and two composite markers (CM) (A0A5C2GRG5+U2AF2 and U2AF2+C6) were confirmed by a ROC curve method. Conclusion: This study provided an insight into the potential pathogenesis of DVD and elucidated a method for early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanjing Yi
- Department of Geriatrics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenbiao Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bowen Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Shu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Department of Geriatrics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Li PH, Wong WW, Leung EN, Lau CS, Au E. Novel pathogenic mutations identified in the first Chinese pedigree of complete C6 deficiency. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1148. [PMID: 32670577 PMCID: PMC7343556 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Complete C6 deficiency (C6Q0) is a rare primary immunodeficiency leading to increased susceptibility to recurrent Neisseria infections. Patients with C6Q0 have mostly been reported in individuals of African ancestry previously, but never in Chinese. We identify the first Chinese patients with C6Q0 through family screening of an index case presenting with recurrent Neisseria meningitis with septicaemia and performed extensive clinical, serological and genetic investigations. Methods Two variants in C6 were identified by next‐generation sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing in an index case of C6Q0. Immunological investigations, complement haemolytic assays (CH50/AH50), C6 gene sequencing and quantification of serum C6 levels were performed for all available members of his nonconsanguineous family. Results Three C6Q0 patients were identified with near‐absent C6 levels, absent CH50/AH50 activity and compound heterozygous for two nonsense mutations in the C6 gene: NM_000065.4:c.1786C>T (p.Arg596Ter) and NM_000065.4:c.1816C>T (p.Arg606Ter). Neither mutations have been reported to be pathogenic previously. Two other family members who were heterozygous for either p.Arg596Ter or and p.Arg606Ter had intermediate C6 levels but preserved CH50/AH50 activity. These two loss‐of‐function mutations showed a strong genotype–phenotype correlation in C6 levels. Conclusions We report on two compound heterozygous mutations in C6, p.Arg596Ter and p.Arg606Ter inherited in three patients of the first recorded Chinese pedigree of C6Q0. Neither mutations had been reported to be pathogenic previously. We demonstrate that heterozygous family members with subtotal C6 levels had preserved complement haemolytic function and demonstrate a threshold effect of C6 protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip H Li
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology Department of Medicine Queen Mary Hospital The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - William Wy Wong
- Division of Clinical Immunology Department of Pathology Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong
| | - Evelyn Ny Leung
- Division of Clinical Immunology Department of Pathology Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong
| | - Chak-Sing Lau
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology Department of Medicine Queen Mary Hospital The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Elaine Au
- Division of Clinical Immunology Department of Pathology Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong
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Abstract
RATIONALE Late complement deficiency increases susceptibility to meningococcal disease and recurrent infections. In Korea, 5 case reports have described meningococcal disease with complement deficiency. However, C6 deficiency has not been described previously. PATIENT CONCERNS A 21-year-old police trainee presented with recurrent meningococcal meningitis. He was housed in communal living quarters until 20 days before the initial symptom onset. DIAGNOSIS He was diagnosed with meningococcal meningitis with C6 deficiency. INTERVENTIONS He was treated with intravenous ceftriaxone. An additional dose of quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine was administered after discharge. OUTCOMES He was discharged without complications. LESSONS Screening for complement deficiency is necessary in patients with a history of recurrent meningococcal infections to provide appropriate care and prevent recurrent infections.
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El Sissy C, Rosain J, Vieira-Martins P, Bordereau P, Gruber A, Devriese M, de Pontual L, Taha MK, Fieschi C, Picard C, Frémeaux-Bacchi V. Clinical and Genetic Spectrum of a Large Cohort With Total and Sub-total Complement Deficiencies. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1936. [PMID: 31440263 PMCID: PMC6694794 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is crucial for defense against pathogens and the removal of dying cells or immune complexes. Thus, clinical indications for possible complete complement deficiencies include, among others, recurrent mild or serious bacterial infections as well as autoimmune diseases (AID). The diagnostic approach includes functional activity measurements of the classical (CH50) and alternative pathway (AP50) and the determination of the C3 and C4 levels, followed by the quantitative analysis of individual components or regulators. When biochemical analysis reveals the causal abnormality of the complement deficiency (CD), molecular mechanisms remains frequently undetermined. Here, using direct sequencing analysis of the coding region we report the pathogenic variants spectrum that underlie the total or subtotal complement deficiency in 212 patients. We identified 107 different hemizygous, homozygous, or compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in 14 complement genes [C1Qβ (n = 1), C1r (n = 3), C1s (n = 2), C2 (n = 12), C3 (n = 5), C5 (n = 12), C6 (n = 9), C7 (n = 17), C8 β (n = 7), C9 (n = 3), CFH (n = 7), CFI (n = 18), CFP (n = 10), CFD (n = 2)]. Molecular analysis identified 17 recurrent pathogenic variants in 6 genes (C2, CFH, C5, C6, C7, and C8). More than half of the pathogenic variants identified in unrelated patients were also found in healthy controls from the same geographic area. Our study confirms the strong association of meningococcal infections with terminal pathway deficiency and highlights the risk of pneumococcal and auto-immune diseases in the classical and alternative pathways. Results from this large genetic investigation provide evidence of a restricted number of molecular mechanisms leading to complement deficiency and describe the clinical potential adverse events of anti-complement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine El Sissy
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Rosain
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Paula Vieira-Martins
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Bordereau
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Aurélia Gruber
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Magali Devriese
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Loïc de Pontual
- Pediatrics Department, Jean Verdier Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 13 University, Bondy, France
| | - Muhamed-Kheir Taha
- Invasive Bacterial Infection and National Reference Center for Meningococci, Pasteur Institut, Paris, France
| | - Claire Fieschi
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.,Inserm U1126, Centre Hayem, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Capucine Picard
- Paris University, INSERM UMR1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies (AP-HP), Hôpital Necker-Enfants maladies Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Frémeaux-Bacchi
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Complement and Diseases Team, Paris, France
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Ding P, Li L, Huang T, Yang C, Xu E, Wang N, Zhang L, Gu H, Yao X, Zhou X, Hu W. Complement component 6 deficiency increases susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium-induced murine colitis. Immunobiology 2016; 221:1293-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Recognition of Neisseria meningitidis by the long pentraxin PTX3 and its role as an endogenous adjuvant. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120807. [PMID: 25786110 PMCID: PMC4364741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a non-redundant component of the humoral arm of innate immunity. The present study was designed to investigate the interaction of PTX3 with Neisseria meningitidis. PTX3 bound acapsular meningococcus, Neisseria-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMV) and 3 selected meningococcal antigens (GNA0667, GNA1030 and GNA2091). PTX3-recognized microbial moieties are conserved structures which fulfil essential microbial functions. Ptx3-deficient mice had a lower antibody response in vaccination protocols with OMV and co-administration of PTX3 increased the antibody response, particularly in Ptx3-deficient mice. Administration of PTX3 reduced the bacterial load in infant rats challenged with Neisseria meningitidis. These results suggest that PTX3 recognizes a set of conserved structures from Neisseria meningitidis and acts as an amplifier/endogenous adjuvant of responses to this bacterium.
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