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Liu M, Tao M, Li J, Sang M, Wu X, Luo H, Zhang J. Functional of tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase with implications in innate immune reponse depend on CXXC active site. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 147:104901. [PMID: 37531973 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays an important role in promoting the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens. It is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in fishes' adaptive immunity. The open reading frame of tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) GILT (tsGILT) gene is 771 bp long, encoding 257 amino acids, with a calculated molecular weight of 28.465 kDa and isoelectric point (pI) of 5.35. After induction with lipopolysaccharide, the expression of tsGILT mRNA was upregulated in spleen and kidney and recombinant tsGILT protein transferred to late endosomes and lysosomes in HeLa cells. The refolded tsGILT was capable of catalyzing the reduction of the interchain disulfide bonds against an IgG substrate depend on the active site CXXC motif at residues 75-78. The process of immune response to bacteria challenge needs GILT to catalyze the reduction of disulfide bond and unfolding native protein antigens, promoting their hydrolysis by proteases. Whether a single mutation or a double mutation of active site CXXC at residues75-78, the 3D structure of tsGILT protein has undergone major changes and lost its activity of catalyzing the reduction of the interchain disulfide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Liu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China; School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Mingxuan Tao
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China; Institute of Aging Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, China
| | - Ming Sang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology Jiangsu Province Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Haibo Luo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China.
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Nan X, Zhao K, Qin Y, Song Y, Guo Y, Luo Z, Li W, Wang Q. Antibacterial responses and functional characterization of the interferon gamma inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) protein in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 136:104514. [PMID: 35977559 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The inducible reductase of interferon gamma (IFN- γ), IFN-γ-induced lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is important in antiviral immunity, but its mechanism in invertebrate antimicrobial immunity is unclear. We determined that GILT protein was involved in the antibacterial immunity of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). GILT protein was highly expressed in crab hemocytes and was significantly upregulated 6 h after bacterial stimulation. Recombinant E. sinensis GILT (rEsGILT) contained a CXXS active site that catalyzed disulfide bond reduction. Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus were bound through interaction with peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide, respectively, and bacterial agglutination and clearance in the crabs was markedly promoted. Nevertheless, EsGILT exhibited no direct antibacterial or bactericidal activity. EsGILT also promoted crab hemocyte phagocytosis and played an anti-bacterial role, and inhibited hemocyte apoptosis. In summary, EsGILT promoted bacterial agglutination, clearance, and phagocytosis by recognizing and agglutinating pathogenic microorganisms and reduced the apoptosis level, indirectly participating in antibacterial reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Nan
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yukai Qin
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Song
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Guo
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qun Wang
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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Izumida M, Hayashi H, Smith C, Ishibashi F, Suga K, Kubo Y. Antivirus activity, but not thiolreductase activity, is conserved in interferon-gamma-inducible GILT protein in arthropod. Mol Immunol 2021; 140:240-249. [PMID: 34773863 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that gamma-interferon inducible lysosomal thiolreductase (GILT) functions as a host defense factor against retroviruses by digesting disulfide bonds on viral envelope proteins. GILT is widely conserved even in plants and fungi as well as animals. The thiolreductase active site of mammalian GILT is composed of a CXXC amino acid motif, whereas the C-terminal cysteine residue is changed to serine in arthropods including shrimps, crabs, and flies. GILT from Penaeus monodon (PmGILT) also has the CXXS motif instead of the CXXC active site. We demonstrate here that a human GILT mutant (GILT C75S) with the CXXS motif and PmGILT significantly inhibit amphotropic murine leukemia virus vector infection in human cells without alterning its expression level and lysosomal localization, showing that the C-terminal cysteine residue of the active site is not required for the antiviral activity. We have reported that human GILT suppresses HIV-1 particle production by digestion of disulfide bonds on CD63. However, GILT C75S mutant and PmGILT did not digest CD63 disulfide bonds, and had no effect on HIV-1 virion production, suggesting that they do not have thiolreductase activity. Taken together, this study found that antiviral activity, but not thiolreductase activity, is conserved in arthropod GILT proteins. This finding provides a new insight that the common function of GILT is antiviral activity in many animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Izumida
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Medical University Research Administrator, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Chris Smith
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Japan; Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Fumito Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Koushirou Suga
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Kubo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical Medicine and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
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Gao L, Li A, Lv Y, Huang M, Liu X, Deng H, Liu D, Zhao B, Liu B, Pang Q. Planarian gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is required for gram-negative bacterial clearance. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 116:103914. [PMID: 33137392 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The powerful regenerative ability of planarians has long been a concern of scientists, but recently, their efficient immune system has attracted more and more attention from researchers. Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is related not only to antigen presentation but also to bacteria invasions. But the systematic studies are not yet to be conducted on the relationship between bacterial infection. Our study reveals for the first time that GILT of planarian (DjGILT) plays an essential role in the clearance of Gram-negative bacteria by conducting H2O2 concentration in planarians. In animals that DjGILT was silenced, it persisted for up to 9 days before all bacteria were cleared, compared with 6 days of the control group. When infected with E. coli and V. anguillarum, the level of H2O2 was significantly increased in DjGILT-silenced planarians, and concomitantly, mRNA level of C-type lectin DjCTL, which modulates agglutination and clearance efficiency of invading bacteria, was decreased. Further study showed that the decrease of H2O2 level led to a significant increase in DjCTL transcripts. Collectively, we proposed a mechanism model for the involvement of GILT gene in bacterial elimination. We have for the first time revealed the specific mechanism of GILT in innate immune response against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Gao
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, China; Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, PR China
| | - Ao Li
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, China
| | - Yanhua Lv
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, China
| | - Mujie Huang
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, China
| | - Hongkuan Deng
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, China; Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, PR China
| | - Dongwu Liu
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, China
| | - Bosheng Zhao
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, PR China
| | - Baohua Liu
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, China; Shenzhen University of Health Science Center, District Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Qiuxiang Pang
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, China; Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, PR China.
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Gong Y, Yang F, Hu J, Liu C, Liu H, Han D, Jin J, Yang Y, Zhu X, Yi J, Xie S. Effects of dietary yeast hydrolysate on the growth, antioxidant response, immune response and disease resistance of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:548-557. [PMID: 31539573 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A 56-day growth trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary yeast hydrolysate on the growth performance, antioxidation, immune response and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in largemouth bass. Four experimental diets were prepared with yeast hydrolysate levels of 0% (Y0), 1.5% (Y1.5), 3.0% (Y3.0) and 4.5% (Y4.5). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate 150-L tanks and each tank was stocked with 30 largemouth bass (initial body weight, IBW = 7.71 ± 0.02 g). A challenge test was carried out after the feeding trial by injecting A. hydrophila intraperitoneally for 4-day observation. The results showed that the FBW and WGR in Y1.5 group were significantly higher than those in Y0 group (P < 0.05) and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) got the lowest value in Y1.5 group. And the hydrolysate supplement significantly increased the 4-day cumulative survival rate after the bacterial challenge (P < 0.05). The plasma malondialdehyde was lower in the yeast hydrolysate supplement groups in both pre- and post-challenge test (P < 0.05), while the plasma C3 increased (P < 0.05). In post-challenge test, the plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities increased in the Y1.5 and Y3.0 groups respectively (P < 0.05), and plasma lysozyme in Y1.5 group and the plasma IgM in Y3.0 group were higher than those in others respectively (P < 0.05). For the q-PCR results, in post-challenge test, the hepatic hep2 expression level in Y1.5 and Y4.5 groups were both significantly higher than those in others (P < 0.05), as well as il-8 in Y3.0 group. The spleen hif-1alpha and tgf-beta1 expression levels in Y4.5 group were all significantly lower than those in others (P < 0.05), while the gilt was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the post-challenge test. And the expression levels of spleen tnf-alpah1 in Y1.5 and Y3.0 groups and il-8 in Y3.0 group were all significantly higher than those in other groups (P < 0.05) in the post-challenge test. The head kidney gilt expression level was significantly higher in the yeast hydrolysate supplement groups compared with the Y0 group (P < 0.05), and the head kidney il-8 expression level in Y1.5 group was significant higher than those in other groups in post-challenge test (P < 0.05). The present results indicated dietary yeast hydrolysate improved the antioxidant ability and enhanced the immune response of largemouth bass without negative effect on growth. And 1.5% or 3.0% of dietary yeast hydrolysate was recommended for largemouth bass based on the present results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- The Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Yeast Function, Angel Yeast Co., Ltd, Yichang, Hubei, PR China
| | - Junpeng Hu
- The Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Yeast Function, Angel Yeast Co., Ltd, Yichang, Hubei, PR China
| | - Cui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Haokun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, PR China.
| | - Dong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, PR China; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Junyan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, PR China
| | - Yunxia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, PR China; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jianhua Yi
- The Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Yeast Function, Angel Yeast Co., Ltd, Yichang, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shouqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, PR China; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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Liu M, Liu L, Abbas MN, Kausar S, Zhang JW, Ye ZZ, Qian XY, Zhao XM, Chu SH, Dai LS. Involvement of gamma interferon inducible lysosomal thiol reductase in the innate immune responses of red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 99:103405. [PMID: 31145913 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Gamma interferon inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a key biological role in the immune responses and involves in the processing of class II MHC-restricted antigen by stimulating disulfide bond reduction in mammals. To determine the biological function of GILT in the innate immune system of crustaceans, we sequenced and cloned GILT gene from red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Pc-GILT). The deduced amino acid sequence of Pc-GILT contained the putative conserved structures of the GILT family proteins: the GILT signature (CQHGX2ECX2NX4C) sequence and the active site (CXXS) motif. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot analysis suggested that a recombinant Pc-GILT protein was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that Pc-GILT transcript level was highest in the hepatopancreas followed by the gut, heart and muscles. Additionally, we analyzed the transcription level of Pc-GILT gene in hepatopancreas of red swamp crayfish under biotic stress conditions. The expression of Pc-GILT gene upregulated after viral (poly I:C) and bacterial (peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharide) infection. The suppression of Pc-GILT by double stranded RNA influenced the transcript levels of various immune-related genes. These observations indicate that the Pc-GILT probably plays a key biological role in the innate immune responses of red swamp crayfish, since it modulates the expression of genes associated with immune pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Li Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Abbas
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Saima Kausar
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Jun-Wei Zhang
- Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Supervision and Management Bureau, Xuancheng, 242000, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ze Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Xing-Yi Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhao
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China.
| | - Sheng-Hui Chu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China.
| | - Li-Shang Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China.
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Thipwong J, Saelim H, Panrat T, Phongdara A. Penaeus monodon GILT enzyme restricts WSSV infectivity by reducing disulfide bonds in WSSV proteins. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2019; 135:59-70. [PMID: 31244485 DOI: 10.3354/dao03377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is involved in the adaptive immune response via its effects on major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted antigen presentation. In addition to antigen presentation, GILT exerts its antiviral activity by reducing disulfide bonds in proteins involved in viral infection and assembly, thereby inhibiting viral envelope-mediated infection and viral progeny production. In black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon GILT (PmGILT) was cloned and characterized, and found to be involved in the shrimp innate immune response and to exert neutralizing activity against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. However, the anti-WSSV mechanism of PmGILT in the shrimp innate immune response has not been defined. To explore the anti-WSSV activity of PmGILT, a yeast 2-hybrid (Y2H) assay was performed to identify WSSV proteins targeted by PmGILT. The assay revealed 4 potential PmGILT-interacting WSSV proteins: WSSV002, WSSV164, WSSV189, and WSSV471. Three of these 4 WSSV proteins (WSSV002, WSSV164 and WSSV189) were successfully produced and confirmed to interact with PmGILT in in vitro pull-down assays. WSSV189 and WSSV471 were previously identified as structural proteins, whereas WSSV164 is an immediate-early protein which has anti-melanization activity, and WSSV002 is an unknown. Because of the thiol reductase activity of PmGILT, WSSV164 and WSSV189, both of which are cysteine-containing WSSV proteins, were chosen for disulfide bond reduction assays. PmGILT reduced intrachain disulfide bonds in both WSSV proteins, suggesting that PmGILT exerts its anti-WSSV activity via its thiol reductase activity to disrupt the WSSV protein complex and restore the melanization activity of PmproPO1 and PmproPO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaturon Thipwong
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
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Pang Z, Zhang Y, Liu L. Identification and functional characterization of interferon-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene in common Chinese cuttlefish Sepiella japonica. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:627-634. [PMID: 30529465 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is a pivotal enzyme involved in the histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigen processing whereby it catalyzes the disulfide bond reduction in the endocytic pathway. Here, a novel GILT homologue termed as SjGILT firstly identified from common Chinese cuttlefish Sepiella japonica. SjGILT shared domain topology containing a signal peptide, a signature sequence CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, an activate-site CXXC motif, two potential N-glycosylation sites and six conserved cysteins with its counterparts in other animals. SjGILT transcripts were constitutively expressed in all examined tissues in S. japonica, with the higher expression levels in immune-related tissues such as pancreas, intestines, liver and gills. Upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, SjGILT transcripts were significantly induced in liver and gill tissues, and SjGILT protein transferred to late endosomes and lysosomes in HeLa cells. Further study showed that recombinant SjGILT had obvious thiol reductase activity demonstrated by reducing the interchain disulfide bonds of IgG under acidic conditions. Taken together, these results suggested that SjGILT may be involved in the immune response to bacteria challenge, and then might play an important role in the processing of MHC class II-restricted antigens in S. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Pang
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Liqin Liu
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China.
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Guo R, Yang G, Feng Z, Zhu Y, Yang P, Song H, Wang W, Huang P, Zhang J. Glutathione-induced amino-activatable micellar photosensitization platform for synergistic redox modulation and photodynamic therapy. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:1238-1249. [PMID: 29589866 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00094h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, photodynamic therapy (PDT) was considered to be a promising cancer treatment modality, however, the therapeutic efficiency was often attenuated by the intrinsic antioxidant defense systems. Herein, a kind of novel glutathione-induced amino-activatable micelle was designed, which was expected to weaken the antioxidant capacity and in the meantime release the photosensitizer by the exhaustion of intracellular glutathione (GSH). The amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol)-(2-((2,4-dinitro-N-(ethyl) phenyl)sulfonamido) ethyl methacrylate) copolymers were synthesized and assembled into a core-shell nano structure in aqueous media. The nano structure demonstrated high sensitivity and selectivity to bio-thiols in vitro and in vivo. Subsequently, pheophorbide a (PhA) was encapsulated as the model photosensitizer. Upon internalization by HepG2 cells, the strongly electron-withdrawing 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl groups on the PADEE segments were readily cleaved by GSH, during which time the secondary amino groups (pKb = 11.32) were recovered and completely protonated, leading to disassembly of the micelles and rapid release of PhA. Importantly, the consumption of GSH weakened the intracellular antioxidant capacity, resulting in the synergetic accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under laser irradiation. As a result, this micellar photosensitization system could overcome the antioxidant capacity of advanced stage tumors through a simultaneous extrinsic and intrinsic strategy, facilitating therapeutic efficiency. These results demonstrate that the as-designed micelles provide a versatile photosensitization platform for on-demand PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiwei Guo
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China. jhuazhang @tju.edu.cn
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Zhang H, Ou Z, Xu M, Huang X, Liu W, Shi Y, He M. Molecular cloning and characterization of a putative mitogen-activated protein kinase (Erk1/2) gene: Involvement in mantle immunity of Pinctada fucata. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:63-70. [PMID: 29859309 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) are conserved and related with protein-serine/threonine kinases that participate in the regulation of multiple biological processes, such as cell survival, cell differentiation, proliferation, metabolism, and inflammation. However, little is known about the roles of this kinase in the pearl oyster. In this study, we cloned and identified an ERK homolog from Pinctada fucata (PfErk). Furthermore, we have unraveled its expressional kinetics after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic-epolycytidylic acid (poly I:C) immune challenge. Pferk harbored a 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 12 bp, a coding sequence of 1074 bp, and a 3' UTR of 882 bp. The putative peptide comprised a predicted molecular mass of 41.19 kDa, with a theoretical pI of 6.15. Sequence analysis showed that it possesses one STK catalytic domain and a conserved His-Arg-Asp (HRD) domain. In addition, a canonical Thr-Glu-Tyr (TEY) dual phosphorylation motif and an ATRW substrate binding site were also identified in the coding protein. Homology assessment of PfErk showed high similarity to Homo sapiens ERK. Phylogenetic analysis supported a close evolutionary relationship with molluscan orthologs. The expression patterns of Pferk were observed in seven different tissues of pearl oyster, with highest expression in the mantle and lowest expression in the digestive gland. Pferk mRNA expression levels were detected at developmental stages, with the highest expression in D-shaped larvae, followed by the 32-cell stage. The mRNA expression of Pferk was upregulated significantly in P. fucata mantle primary cells and mantle tissue after LPS and poly (I:C) treatment, and PfErk phosphorylation levels were activated by LPS and poly (I:C) challenges. Overall, our results suggested that PfErk may play important roles in pearl oyster innate immunity, and provided a new understanding of mantle immunity in the pearl oyster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zekui Ou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiande Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Wenguang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Yu Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Maoxian He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
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11
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You X, Liu L, Li X, Du H, Nie D, Zhang X, Tong H, Wu M, Gao Y, Liao Z. Immune response of interferon-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) from Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) to microbial invasion and its antioxdative activity in lipopolysaccharides-treated mammalian dentritic cells. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 72:356-366. [PMID: 29133251 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays an important role in the major histocompatibility complex-restricted antigen processing of endocytosed proteins via catalyzing the disulfide bond reduction in the endocytic pathway. Here, the cDNA of Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) GILT (CsGILT) was cloned. It contained an open reading frame of 762 nucleotides encoding a protein of 254 amino acids with an estimated molecular weight of 28.1 kDa. The characteristic structural features, including a signature sequence CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, a CXXC motif, two potential N-glycosylation sites, and eight conserved cysteines were detected in the deduced amino acid sequence of CsGILT. CsGILT was widely expressed in Chinese sturgeon with the highest expression in the spleen, and CsGILT mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated when Chinese sturgeons were challenged with polyinosinic polycytidylic acid or Vibrio anguillarum. The recombinant CsGILT displayed obvious thiol reductase activity demonstrated by catalyzing the reduction of mouse IgG(H+L) by dithiothreitol into heavy chain and light chain. CsGILT also displayed significant antioxidant activity in mouse dentritic cells as indicated by its increasing GSH level and GSH/GSSG ratio, decreasing intracellular reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide levels and lipid peroxidation, as well as enhancing the activities of the antioxidative redox enzymes including catalase and superoxide dismutase. Our results suggested an important role for CsGILT in the immune response in Chinese sturgeon to pathogen invasion possibly via a conserved functional mechanism throughout vertebrate evolution, contributing to our understanding the immune biology and protection of Chinese sturgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling You
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiuyu Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hejun Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang 443100, China
| | - Dongsong Nie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Xingguo Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Haibing Tong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Mingjiang Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yitian Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Zhiyong Liao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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12
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Liu T, Cheng A, Wang M, Jia R, Yang Q, Wu Y, Sun K, Zhu D, Chen S, Liu M, Zhao X, Chen X. RNA-seq comparative analysis of Peking ducks spleen gene expression 24 h post-infected with duck plague virulent or attenuated virus. Vet Res 2017; 48:47. [PMID: 28903751 PMCID: PMC5598070 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0456-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Duck plague virus (DPV), a member of alphaherpesvirus sub-family, can cause significant economic losses on duck farms in China. DPV Chinese virulent strain (CHv) is highly pathogenic and could induce massive ducks death. Attenuated DPV vaccines (CHa) have been put into service against duck plague with billions of doses in China each year. Researches on DPV have been development for many years, however, a comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenicity of CHv strain and protection of CHa strain to ducks is still blank. In present study, we performed RNA-seq technology to analyze transcriptome profiling of duck spleens for the first time to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the infection of CHv and CHa at 24 h. Comparison of gene expression with mock ducks revealed 748 DEGs and 484 DEGs after CHv and CHa infection, respectively. Gene pathway analysis of DEGs highlighted valuable biological processes involved in host immune response, cell apoptosis and viral invasion. Genes expressed in those pathways were different in CHv infected duck spleens and CHa vaccinated duck spleens. The results may provide valuable information for us to explore the reasons of pathogenicity caused by CHv strain and protection activated by CHa strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liu
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wu
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Kunfeng Sun
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shun Chen
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - XinXin Zhao
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
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13
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Huang WS, Duan LP, Huang B, Wang KJ, Zhang CL, Jia QQ, Nie P, Wang T. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) family in arthropods: Cloning and expression analysis of two MIF and one D-dopachrome tautomerase (DDT) homologues in mud crabs, Scylla paramamosain. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 50:142-149. [PMID: 26826424 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) family, consisting of MIF and D-dopachrome tautomerase (DDT) in vertebrates, is evolutionarily ancient and has been found across Kingdoms including vertebrates, invertebrates, plants and bacteria. The mammalian MIF family are chemokines at the top of the inflammatory cascade in combating infections. They also possess enzymatic activities, e.g. DDT catalysis results in the production of 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI), a precursor of eumelanin. MIF-like genes are widely distributed, but DDT-like genes have only been described in vertebrates and a nematode. In this report, we cloned a DDT-like gene, for the first time in arthropods, and a second MIF in mud crab. The mud crab MIF family have a three exon/two intron structure as seen in vertebrates. The identification of a DDT-like gene in mud crab and other arthropods suggests that the separation of MIF and DDT preceded the divergence of protostomes and deuterostomes. The MIF family is differentially expressed in tissues of adults and during embryonic development and early life. The high level expression of the MIF family in immune tissues, such as intestine and hepatopancreas, suggests an important role in mud crab innate immunity. Mud crab DDT is highly expressed in early embryos, in megalops and crablets and this coincides with the requirement for melanisation in egg chorion tanning and cuticular hardening in arthropods, suggesting a potential novel role of DDT in melanogenesis via its tautomerase activity to produce DHI in mud crab. The clarification of the presence of both MIF and DDT in this report paves the way for further investigation of their functional roles in immunity and in melanogenesis in mud crab and other arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shu Huang
- Fishery College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education PRC, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Li-Peng Duan
- Fishery College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education PRC, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Bei Huang
- Fishery College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education PRC, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ke-Jian Wang
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Development and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Cai-Liang Zhang
- Fishery College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education PRC, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qin-Qin Jia
- Fishery College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education PRC, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Pin Nie
- Fishery College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Tiehui Wang
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK.
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14
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Yang Q, Zhang J, Hu L, Lu J, Sang M, Zhang S. Molecular structure and functional characterization of the gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene in largemouth bass (Microptenus salmoides). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:689-696. [PMID: 26477576 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a role in facilitating the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens and is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens in adaptive immunity catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in mammals. In this study, we cloned a GILT gene homolog from largemouth bass (designated 'lbGILT'), a freshwater fish belonging to Perciformes and known for its nutritive value. We obtained the full-length cDNA of lbGILT by reverse transcription PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. This cDNA is comprised of a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 87 bp, a 3'-UTR of 189 bp, and an open reading frame of 771 bp. It encodes a protein of 256 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 28.548 kDa and a predicted isoelectric point of 5.62. The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. Tissue-specific expression of lbGILT was shown by real-time quantitative PCR. The expression of lbGILT mRNA was obviously up regulated in spleen and kidney after induction with lipopolysaccharide. Recombinant lbGILT was produced as an inclusion body with a His6 tag in ArcticExpress (DE3), and the protein was then washed, solubilized, and refolded. The refolded lbGILT showed reduction activity against an IgG substrate. These results suggest that lbGILT plays a role in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lingling Hu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jia Lu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Ming Sang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Shuangquan Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China.
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