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Dahrendorff J, Currier G, Uddin M. Leveraging DNA methylation to predict treatment response in major depressive disorder: A critical review. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2024:e32985. [PMID: 38650309 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating and prevalent mental disorder with a high disease burden. Despite a wide array of different treatment options, many patients do not respond to initial treatment attempts. Selection of the most appropriate treatment remains a significant clinical challenge in psychiatry, highlighting the need for the development of biomarkers with predictive utility. Recently, the epigenetic modification DNA methylation (DNAm) has emerged to be of great interest as a potential predictor of MDD treatment outcomes. Here, we review efforts to date that seek to identify DNAm signatures associated with treatment response in individuals with MDD. Searches were conducted in the databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science with the concepts and keywords MDD, DNAm, antidepressants, psychotherapy, cognitive behavior therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and brain stimulation therapies. We identified 32 studies implicating DNAm patterns associated with MDD treatment outcomes. The majority of studies (N = 25) are focused on selected target genes exploring treatment outcomes in pharmacological treatments (N = 22) with a few studies assessing treatment response to electroconvulsive therapy (N = 3). Additionally, there are few genome-scale efforts (N = 7) to characterize DNAm patterns associated with treatment outcomes. There is a relative dearth of studies investigating DNAm patterns in relation to psychotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy, or transcranial magnetic stimulation; importantly, most existing studies have limited sample sizes. Given the heterogeneity in both methods and results of studies to date, there is a need for additional studies before existing findings can inform clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dahrendorff
- Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Glenn Currier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Monica Uddin
- Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Nöbbelin L, Bogren M, Mattisson C, Westling S, Brådvik L. Is melancholia a distinct syndrome? Recurrence, chronicity, and severity give evidence in the 50 year follow-up of the Lundby Study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1216431. [PMID: 37599865 PMCID: PMC10437052 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1216431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Whether melancholia is a distinct syndrome has long been debated. One aspect of a valid syndrome is whether it allows for determination of a prognosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the course of melancholic depression versus non-melancholic depression with a focus on: (i) time to and probability of recovery from the first depressive episode, (ii) time to and risk of the first recurrence, (iii) rate of recurrence, (iv) time with depression or antidepressant medication, and (v) suicide risk. Methods The Lundby Study is a longitudinal community study on mental health that followed a geographically defined population (N = 3,563) for up to 50 years, 1947-1997. Subjects with first onset depression were assessed as melancholic (N = 46) or non-melancholic (N = 381) using the DSM-IV melancholic specifier. These diagnoses were made in retrospect using all available information from semi-structured interviews by psychiatrists, key informants, registers, and patient records. Results We found no significant difference between melancholic- and non-melancholic depression in time to and probability of recovery from the first depressive episode. The time to first recurrence was shorter in melancholic than in non-melancholic depression and the risk of first recurrence for the melancholic group was 2.77 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.83-4.20) times the risk in the non-melancholic group. The median rate of recurrence was higher in the melancholic group, at 0.19 recurrences per year at risk (interquartile range [IQR] 0.08-0.47), compared to the non-melancholic group, at 0.10 recurrences per year at risk (IQR 0.05-0.21) (p < 0.03). The median percentage of time being depressed or on antidepressant medication was higher in the melancholic group, 17% (IQR 3-20%), compared to the non-melancholic group, 8% (IQR 7-33%) (p < 0.001). The risk of suicide was higher in the melancholic group, hazard ratio 4.13 (95% CI 1.49-11.48, p < 0.01). Discussion To conclude, melancholic depression had a more recurrent, chronic, and severe course with a higher suicide risk than did non-melancholic depression in the Lundby population. Although our use of retrospective diagnosis might limit interpretation of results, the findings indicate that melancholia may be useful in determining prognosis and may be a valid psychopathological syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnéa Nöbbelin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Psychiatry, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mats Bogren
- The Lundby Study, Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Mattisson
- The Lundby Study, Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sofie Westling
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Psychiatry, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Louise Brådvik
- The Lundby Study, Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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El Karkafi R, Gebara T, Salem M, Kamel J, El Khoury G, Zalal M, Fakhoury M. Ketogenic Diet and Inflammation: Implications for Mood and Anxiety Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1411:537-554. [PMID: 36949325 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7376-5_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The ketogenic diet, known as a low-carbohydrate, high-protein, and high-fat diet, drastically restrains the major source of energy for the body, forcing it to burn all excess fat through a process called ketosis-the breaking down of fat into ketone bodies. First suggested as a medical treatment for children suffering from epilepsy, this diet has gained increased popularity as a rapid weight loss strategy. Over the past few years, there have been numerous studies suggesting that the ketogenic diet may provide therapeutic effects for several psychiatric conditions such as mood- and anxiety-related disorders. However, despite significant progress in research, the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects remain largely unexplored and are yet to be fully elucidated. This chapter provides an in-depth overview of preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the use of a ketogenic diet in the management of mood and anxiety disorders and discusses its relationship with inflammatory processes and potential mechanisms of actions for its therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy El Karkafi
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Tammy Gebara
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Michael Salem
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Jessica Kamel
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Ghinwa El Khoury
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Marilynn Zalal
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Marc Fakhoury
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
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Incidence of melancholic depression by age of onset and gender in the Lundby population, 1947-1997. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022:10.1007/s00406-022-01506-5. [PMID: 36334129 PMCID: PMC10359348 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01506-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Whether melancholic depression is a distinct syndrome or not has long been debated. There are few studies providing information about the epidemiology of melancholic depression. In this study, we investigate the incidence rates, overall as well as by gender and age of onset of melancholic depression according to Taylor and Fink and corresponding DSM-IV disorders: major depressive disorder (MDD) with melancholic specifier, MDD with psychotic features, MDD with postpartum debut and bipolar depression in the Lundby population. Incidence rates with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The incidence rate of melancholic depression was 0.48 (CI 0.36-0.61) per 1000 person-years under risk. The rates of the corresponding DSM-IV disorders were as follows: MDD with melancholic specifier 0.38 (CI 0.27-0.49), MDD with psychotic features 0.13 (CI 0.07-0.21), MDD with postpartum debut 0.02 (CI 0.00-0.06) and bipolar depression 0.04 (CI 0.01-0.10). Females had a significantly higher incidence rate, with a peak in age group 40-49, in melancholic depression according to Taylor and Fink and MDD with melancholic specifier. There was no gender difference in incidence rates of MDD with psychotic features or bipolar depression. The diagnoses were set in retrospect and the number of subjects with MDD with postpartum debut and bipolar depression was low. Incidence of melancholia was low in the Lundby Study. There was a female preponderance to become melancholically depressed in line with research on undifferentiated depression.
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Verma P, Shakya M. Machine learning model for predicting Major Depressive Disorder using RNA-Seq data: optimization of classification approach. Cogn Neurodyn 2022; 16:443-453. [PMID: 35401859 PMCID: PMC8934793 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-021-09724-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering human brain disorders, Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is seen as a lethal disease in which a person goes to the extent of suicidal behavior. Physical detection of MDD patients is less precise but machine learning can aid in improved classification of disease. The present research included three RNA-seq data classes to classify DEGs and then train key gene data using a random forest machine learning method. The three classes in the sample are 29 CON (sudden death healthy control), 21 MDD-S (a Major Depressive Disorder Suicide) being included in the second group, and 9 MDD (non-suicides MDD) which are included in the third group. With PCA analysis, 99 key genes were obtained. 47.1% data variability is given by these 99 genes. The model training of 99 genes indicated improved classification. The RF classification model has an accuracy of 61.11% over test data and 97.56% over train data. It was also noticed that the RF method offered greater accuracy than the KNN method. 99 genes were annotated using DAVID and ClueGo packages. Some of the important pathways and function observed in the study were glutamatergic synapse, GABA receptor activation, long-term synaptic depression, and morphine addiction. Out Of 99 genes, four genes, namely DLGAP1, GNG2, GRIA1, and GRIA4, were found to be predominantly involved in the glutamatergic synapse pathway. Another substantial link was observed in the GABA receptor activation involving the following two genes, GABBR2 and GNG2. Also, the genes found responsible for long-term synaptic depression were GRIA1, MAPT, and PTEN. There was another finding of morphine addiction which comprises three genes, namely GABBR2, GNG2, and PDE4D. For massive datasets, this approach will act as the gold standard. The cases of CON, MDD, and MDD-S are physically distinct. There was dysregulation in the expression level of 12 genes. The 12 genes act as a possible biomarker for Major Depressive Disorder and open up a new path for depressed subjects to explore further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Verma
- Department of Mathematics, Bioinformatics and Computer Applications, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462003 India
| | - Madhvi Shakya
- Department of Mathematics, Bioinformatics and Computer Applications, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462003 India
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Ahn Y, Han SH, Kim MG, Hong KB, Kim WJ, Suh HJ, Jo K. Anti-depressant effects of ethanol extract from Cannabis sativa (hemp) seed in chlorpromazine-induced Drosophila melanogaster depression model. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:998-1007. [PMID: 34362287 PMCID: PMC8354181 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1949356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Depression is a severe mental illness caused by a deficiency of dopamine and serotonin. Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae) has long been used to treat pain, nausea, and depression. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the anti-depressant effects of C. sativa (hemp) seed ethanol extract (HE) in chlorpromazine (CPZ)-induced Drosophila melanogaster depression model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The normal group was untreated, and the control group was treated with CPZ (0.1% of media) for 7 days. The experimental groups were treated with a single HE treatment (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% of media) and a mixture of 0.1% CPZ and HE for 7 days. The locomotor activity, behavioural patterns, depression-related gene expression, and neurotransmitters level of flies were investigated. RESULTS The behavioural patterns of individual flies were significantly reduced with 0.1% CPZ treatment. In contrast, combination treatment of 1.5% HE and 0.1% CPZ significantly increased subjective daytime activity (p < 0.001) and behavioural factors (p < 0.001). These results correlate with increased transcript levels of dopamine (p < 0.001) and serotonin (p < 0.05) receptors and concentration of dopamine (p < 0.05), levodopa (p < 0.001), 5-HTP (p < 0.05), and serotonin (p < 0.001) compared to those in the control group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Collectively, HE administration alleviates depression-like symptoms by modulating the circadian rhythm-related behaviours, transcript levels of neurotransmitter receptors, and neurotransmitter levels in the CPZ-induced Drosophila model. However, additional research is needed to investigate the role of HE administration in behavioural patterns, reduction of the neurotransmitter, and signalling pathways of depression in a vertebrate model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Ahn
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hee Han
- Institute of Human Behavior & Genetic, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Guk Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Bae Hong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jung Kim
- Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accerlerator, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungae Jo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- CONTACT Kyungae Jo Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Verma P, Shakya M. Transcriptomics and sequencing analysis of gene expression profiling for major depressive disorder. Indian J Psychiatry 2021; 63:549-553. [PMID: 35136251 PMCID: PMC8793711 DOI: 10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_858_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder characterized by constant sadness and a lack of interest in work and social interactions. Maintaining the transcriptome levels via the controlled regulation of mRNA processing and transport is essential to alleviating MDD. Various molecular phenotypes such as aberrant RNA splicing and stability are identified as critical determinants of MDD. AIM This study aims to compare the mRNA expression profiles between major depressive disorder non-suicide (MDD), major depressive disorder suicide (MDD-S), and control groups using RNA-Seq. MATERIALS AND METHODS A transcriptomics and sequencing analysis of gene expression profiling was conducted in 9 patients with MDD, 10 patients with MDD-S, and 10 control patients. RESULTS A comparison of the sample groups revealed that the PRKACB gene was upregulated in patients with MDD. At the same time, GRM3, DLGAP1, and GRIA2 were downregulated in these patients-these genes are majorly involved in the glutamatergic pathway. Five genes (GRIA1, CAMK2D, PPP3CA, MAPK10, and PPP2R2A) of the dopaminergic pathway were downregulated in patients with the MDD-S condition when compared with the MDD and control groups. Cholinergic synapses were altered in patients with MDD when compared to the control group due to the presence of dysregulated genes (KCNQ5, PLCB4, ADCY9, CAMK2D, PIK3CA, and GNG2). CONCLUSION The results provide a new understanding of the etiology of depression in humans and identify probable depression-associated biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Verma
- Department of Bioinformatics, MANIT, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Madhvi Shakya
- Department of Bioinformatics, MANIT, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Sánchez-Salcedo JA, Cabrera MME, Molina-Jiménez T, Cortes-Altamirano JL, Alfaro-Rodríguez A, Bonilla-Jaime H. Depression and Pain: use of antidepressant. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:384-402. [PMID: 34151765 PMCID: PMC9413796 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210609161447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Emotional disorders are common comorbid affectations that exacerbate the severity and persistence of chronic pain. Specifically, depressive symptoms can lead to an excessive duration and intensity of pain. Clinical and preclinical studies have been focused on the underlying mechanisms of chronic pain and depression comorbidity and the use of antidepressants to reduce pain. Aim: This review provides an overview of the comorbid relationship of chronic pain and depression, the clinical and pre-clinical studies performed on the neurobiological aspects of pain and depression, and the use of antidepressants as analgesics. Methods: A systematic search of literature databases was conducted according to pre-defined criteria. The authors independently conducted a focused analysis of the full-text articles. Results: Studies suggest that pain and depression are highly intertwined and may co-exacerbate physical and psychological symptoms. One important biochemical basis for pain and depression focuses on the serotonergic and norepinephrine system, which have been shown to play an important role in this comorbidity. Brain structures that codify pain are also involved in mood. It is evident that using serotonergic and norepinephrine antidepressants are strategies commonly employed to mitigate pain Conclusion: Literature indicates that pain and depression impact each other and play a prominent role in the development and maintenance of other chronic symptoms. Antidepressants continue to be a major therapeutic tool for managing chronic pain. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are more effective in reducing pain than Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) and Serotonin-Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- José Armando Sánchez-Salcedo
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, UAM-I, Apartado Postal 55 535, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Maribel Maetizi Estevez Cabrera
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, UAM-I, Apartado Postal 55 535, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Tania Molina-Jiménez
- Facultad de Química Farmacéutica Biológica, Universidad Veracruzana. Circuito Gonzálo Aguirre Beltrán Sn, Zona Universitaria. C.P. 91090 Xalapa-Enríquez
| | - José Luis Cortes-Altamirano
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Alfaro-Rodríguez
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Herlinda Bonilla-Jaime
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa. Apartado Postal 55 535, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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"Novel Psychopharmacology for Depressive Disorders". ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1305:449-461. [PMID: 33834412 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6044-0_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder carries a significant burden and a high risk for suicide. The need for more effective, safer, and faster-acting drugs is, therefore, compelling. The present chapter briefly assesses the most promising agents, focusing on non-monoamine-targeting compounds, namely, the glutamate antagonist ketamine and its enantiomer esketamine. A critical overview of the evidence and the pitfalls associated with current antidepressant drug development is likewise provided in the following text.
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Fakhoury M. Optogenetics: A revolutionary approach for the study of depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 106:110094. [PMID: 32890694 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a severe and chronic mental disorder that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Symptoms include depressed mood, loss of interest, reduced motivation and suicidal thoughts. Even though findings from genetic, molecular and imaging studies have helped provide some clues regarding the mechanisms underlying depression-like behaviors, there are still many unanswered questions that need to be addressed. Optogenetics, a technique developed in the early 2000s, has proved effective in the study and treatment of depression and depression-like behaviors and has revolutionized already known experimental techniques. This technique employs light and genetic tools to either inhibit or excite specific neurons or pathways within the brain. In this review paper, an up-to-date understanding of the use of optogenetics in the study of depression-like behaviors is provided, along with suggestions for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fakhoury
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut Campus, Lebanon.
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Fakhoury M, Shakkour Z, Kobeissy F, Lawand N. Depression following traumatic brain injury: a comprehensive overview. Rev Neurosci 2020; 32:289-303. [PMID: 33661587 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major health concern affecting the neuropsychological health; TBI is accompanied by drastic long-term adverse complications that can influence many aspects of the life of affected individuals. A substantial number of studies have shown that mood disorders, particularly depression, are the most frequent complications encountered in individuals with TBI. Post-traumatic depression (P-TD) is present in approximately 30% of individuals with TBI, with the majority of individuals experiencing symptoms of depression during the first year following head injury. To date, the mechanisms of P-TD are far from being fully understood, and effective treatments that completely halt this condition are still lacking. The aim of this review is to outline the current state of knowledge on the prevalence and risk factors of P-TD, to discuss the accompanying brain changes at the anatomical, molecular and functional levels, and to discuss current approaches used for the treatment of P-TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fakhoury
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zaynab Shakkour
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nada Lawand
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Luduvico KP, Spohr L, Soares MSP, Teixeira FC, de Farias AS, Bona NP, Pedra NS, de Oliveira Campello Felix A, Spanevello RM, Stefanello FM. Antidepressant Effect and Modulation of the Redox System Mediated by Tannic Acid on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depressive and Inflammatory Changes in Mice. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2032-2043. [PMID: 32500408 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Depression is an emotional disorder that causes mental and physical changes, and has limited pharmacotherapy. Tannic acid (TA) is a polyphenol with previously described antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of TA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive-like behavior, as well as oxidative stress parameters and TNF-α levels in the brains of mice. Animals were pretreated once daily, with TA (30 or 60 mg/kg), fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) or vehicle for 7 days. On the 7th day, the animals received a single injection of LPS (830 μg/kg). After 24 h, open field, forced swimming, tail suspension, and splash tests were conducted. The endotoxin induced depressive-like behavior in these mice and this was attenuated by TA. In the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum, LPS increased lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species production, and this was also prevented by TA administration. TA treatment also prevented a decrease in catalase activity within the striatum. Further, LPS administration caused increased levels of TNF-α in all brain structures, and this was prevented in the cortex by TA treatment. In conclusion, TA shows many neuroprotective properties, with demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidepressant effects in this animal model of acute depressive-like behavior. Therefore, this compound could provide an alternative therapeutic approach for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Pereira Luduvico
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica E Bioprospecção - Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas E de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil.
| | - Luiza Spohr
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica E Bioprospecção - Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação E Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas E de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mayara Sandrielly Pereira Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica E Bioprospecção - Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação E Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas E de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cardoso Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica E Bioprospecção - Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação E Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas E de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Alana Seixas de Farias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica E Bioprospecção - Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas E de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Natália Pontes Bona
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica E Bioprospecção - Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas E de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Stark Pedra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica E Bioprospecção - Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação E Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas E de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Roselia Maria Spanevello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica E Bioprospecção - Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação E Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas E de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Francieli Moro Stefanello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica E Bioprospecção - Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas E de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil.
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Genc A, Dalkıran M, Pirdoğan Aydın E, Türkyılmaz Uyar E, Alkan A, Guven D, Özer ÖA, Karamustafalıoğlu O. The alteration of retinal nerve fibre layer thickness with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with treatment resistant major depression. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2019; 23:57-61. [PMID: 30596524 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2018.1480785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The nerves and axons of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) are similar to those in the brain and therefore retina is considered as the extension of the brain. We aimed to evaluate the RNFL thickness in the treatment-resistant major depressive patients before and after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment and at least 6 months later after rTMS treatment using optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS Thirty patients with treatment resistant major depression and 24 healthy controls were included in the study. rTMS was applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of the patients. RESULTS rTMS was initiated in 28 patients. OCT assessments were performed in 24 patients at baseline and after rTMS treatment and in 19 patients at least sixth months after the rTMS treatment. We found significant increase in RNFL thickness compared with controls at the baseline and further increase in RNFL thickness after rTMS treatment. Although there was a decreasing trend in RNFL thickness 6 months after rTMS treatment, 6 months later RNFL thickness was still higher compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS RNFL thickness is increased in treatment resistant major depression and rTMS over the left DLPFC further increases RNFL thickness in treatment resistant major depressive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Genc
- a Department of Psychiatry , Sisli Etfal Education and Research State Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Mihriban Dalkıran
- a Department of Psychiatry , Sisli Etfal Education and Research State Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Efruz Pirdoğan Aydın
- a Department of Psychiatry , Sisli Etfal Education and Research State Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ece Türkyılmaz Uyar
- a Department of Psychiatry , Sisli Etfal Education and Research State Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Alparslan Alkan
- b Department of Ophthalmology , Sisli Etfal Education and Research State Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Dilek Guven
- b Department of Ophthalmology , Sisli Etfal Education and Research State Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ömer Akil Özer
- a Department of Psychiatry , Sisli Etfal Education and Research State Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Oğuz Karamustafalıoğlu
- a Department of Psychiatry , Sisli Etfal Education and Research State Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
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Development of Neuroimaging-Based Biomarkers in Psychiatry. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1192:159-195. [PMID: 31705495 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9721-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This chapter presents an overview of accumulating neuroimaging data with emphasis on translational potential. The subject will be described in the context of three disease states, i.e., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder, and for three clinical goals, i.e., disease risk assessment, subtyping, and treatment decision.
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15
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Jaworska-Andryszewska P, Rybakowski JK. Childhood trauma in mood disorders: Neurobiological mechanisms and implications for treatment. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 71:112-120. [PMID: 30544098 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A contemporary model for the pathogenesis of mood disorders (bipolar and depressive disorders) involves gene-environmental interaction, with genetic predisposition, epigenetic regulation, and environmental effects. Among multiple environmental factors, the experience of childhood trauma can be connected with the pathogenesis, course and the treatment of mood disorders. Patients with mood disorders have the greater frequency of childhood trauma compared with the general population, and adverse childhood experiences can exert a negative impact on their clinical course. In this article, the neurobiological mechanisms of childhood trauma are presented. The influence of negative childhood experiences on the central nervous system can result in many structural and functional changes of the brain, including such structures as hippocampus and amygdala, associated with the development of bipolar and depressive illnesses. Interaction of several genes with childhood trauma to produce pathological, clinical phenomena in adulthood has been demonstrated, the most important in this respect being the serotonin transporter gene and the FKBP5 gene playing an important role in the pathogenesis of mood disorders. Neurobiological effects can also involve epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation which can exert an effect on brain function over long-term periods. Somatic effects of childhood trauma include disturbances of stress axis and immune-inflammatory mechanisms as well as metabolic dysregulation. Negative childhood experiences may also bear implications for the treatment of mood disorders. In the article, the impact of such experiences on the treatment of mood disorders will be discussed, especially in the context of treatment -resistance to antidepressants and mood-stabilizing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janusz K Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
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16
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Piel JH, Lett TA, Wackerhagen C, Plichta MM, Mohnke S, Grimm O, Romanczuk-Seiferth N, Degenhardt F, Tost H, Witt S, Nöthen M, Rietschel M, Heinz A, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Walter H, Erk S. The effect of 5-HTTLPR and a serotonergic multi-marker score on amygdala, prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex reactivity and habituation in a large, healthy fMRI cohort. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:415-427. [PMID: 29358097 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by low mood for at least two weeks. Impaired emotion regulation has been suggested to be the consequence of dysfunctional serotonergic regulation of limbic and prefrontal regions, especially the amygdala, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The impact of genetic variation on brain function can be investigated with intermediate phenotypes. A suggested intermediate phenotype of MDD is emotion recognition: The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of SLC6A4 as well as other serotonergic genes have been associated with amygdala and prefrontal function during emotion recognition. Previously, it has been suggested that habituation is a more reliable index of emotion recognition than functional activation. We examined the relationship of genes involved in serotonergic signaling with amygdala as well as prefrontal functional activation and habituation during an emotion recognition task in 171 healthy subjects. While effects of 5-HTTLPR and of a serotonergic multi-marker score (5-HTTLPR, TPH1(rs1800532), TPH2(rs4570625), HTR1A(rs6295) and HTR2A(rs6311)) on amygdala activation did not withstand correction for multiple regions of interest, we observed a strong correlation of the multi-marker score and habituation in the amygdala, DLPFC, and ACC. We replicated a well-studied intermediate phenotype for association with 5-HTTLPR and provided additional evidence for polygenic involvement. Furthermore, we showed that task habituation may be influenced by genetic variation in serotonergic signaling, particularly by a serotonergic multi-marker score. We provided preliminary evidence that PFC activation is an important intermediate phenotype of MDD. Future studies are needed to corroborate the results in larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Piel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany; Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - T A Lett
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany; Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Wackerhagen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany; Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - M M Plichta
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S Mohnke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany; Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - O Grimm
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - N Romanczuk-Seiferth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Degenhardt
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - H Tost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - S Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M Nöthen
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - A Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - H Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany; Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Erk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany; Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
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17
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Bogren M, Brådvik L, Holmstrand C, Nöbbelin L, Mattisson C. Gender differences in subtypes of depression by first incidence and age of onset: a follow-up of the Lundby population. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 268:179-189. [PMID: 28315937 PMCID: PMC5809533 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-017-0778-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Lundby Study is a prospective mental health survey in a community population (N = 3563), in which data were collected in 4 waves of field-work between 1947 and 1997. We investigated gender differences during the follow-up in overall first incidence rates, ages of onset, and incidence by age of onset patterns, in different subtypes of depression. The overall incidence rate in females was higher than males for most subtypes of depression. However, for depression with melancholic and/or psychotic features, the overall first incidence rate did not differ significantly between the genders. The mean age of onset did not differ significantly between females and males in any of the depressive subtypes. Nevertheless, females and males had different first incidence rates by age of onset patterns for unipolar non-melancholic DSM-IV mood disorder and major depressive disorder (MDD), with a consistent gender incidence gap across all ages, but with the most conspicuous gender gap in middle age. The first incidence rates by age of onset patterns for DSM-IV MDD with melancholic and/or psychotic features did not differ significantly between the genders. The findings support that females are more prone than males to develop depression with medium severity, but no gender differences were found in melancholic and/or psychotic depression. The findings may support that unipolar non-melancholic depression and melancholic and/or psychotic depression represents different disorders. Tentative explanations for this are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Bogren
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden.
| | - L. Brådvik
- grid.411843.bDivision of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - C. Holmstrand
- grid.411843.bDivision of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - L. Nöbbelin
- grid.411843.bDivision of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - C. Mattisson
- grid.411843.bDivision of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
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18
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Low left amygdala volume is associated with a longer duration of unipolar depression. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 125:229-238. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1811-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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19
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Zhao L, Wang Y, Jia Y, Zhong S, Sun Y, Zhou Z, Zhang Z, Huang L. Microstructural Abnormalities of Basal Ganglia and Thalamus in Bipolar and Unipolar Disorders: A Diffusion Kurtosis and Perfusion Imaging Study. Psychiatry Investig 2017; 14:471-482. [PMID: 28845175 PMCID: PMC5561406 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2017.14.4.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bipolar disorder (BD) is often misdiagnosed as unipolar depression (UD), leading to mistreatment and poor clinical outcomes. However, little is known about the similarities and differences in subcorticalgray matter regions between BD and UD. METHODS Thirty-five BD patients, 30 UD patients and 40 healthy controls underwent diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) and three dimensional arterial spin labeling (3D ASL). The parameters including mean kurtosis (MK), axial kurtosis (Ka), radial kurtosis (Kr), fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (Da), radial diffusivity (Dr) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were measured by using regions-of-interest analysis in the caudate, putamen and thalamus of the subcortical gray matter regions. RESULTS UD exhibited differences from controls for DKI measures and CBF in the left putamen and caudate. BD showed differences from controls for DKI measures in the left caudate. Additionally, BD showed lower Ka in right putamen, higher MD in right caudate compared with UD. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed the Kr of left caudate had the highest predictive power for distinguishing UD from controls. CONCLUSION The two disorders may have overlaps in microstructural abnormality in basal ganglia. The change of caudate may serve as a potential biomarker for UD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianping Zhao
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Experimental Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbin Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuming Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhou
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Li Huang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Jiang MD, Zheng Y, Wang JL, Wang YF. Drug induces depression-like phenotypes and alters gene expression profiles in Drosophila. Brain Res Bull 2017. [PMID: 28625786 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe mental illness that affects more than 350 million people worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms of depression are currently unclear. Studies suggest that Drosophila and humans have similar depression-like symptoms under pressure. In this research, we choose Drosophila melanogaster as the animal model to explore the molecular mechanisms that trigger depression. RESULTS We found that feeding D. melanogaster with the medium containing Levodopa or Chlorpromazine could induce depression-like phenotypes in both behavioral and biochemical biomarkers, including significantly decreased food intake, mating frequency, serotonin (5-HT) concentration, and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration as well as reduced activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Moreover, the progeny of Chlorpromazine-treated flies also showed these depression-like features. By RNA-seq technology, we identified 467 genes that were differentially expressed between Chlorpromazine treated (CPZ) and control male flies [fold-change of ≥2 (q-value<5%)]. When comparing CPZ with control flies, 312 genes were upregulated and 155 genes downregulated. Differential expression of genes related to metabolic pathway, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease and lysozyme pathways were observed. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) confirmed that 19 genes are differentially expressed in CPZ and control male flies. CONCLUSIONS Levodopa, or Chlorpromazine can induce depression-like phenotypes in D. melanogaster regarding changes of appetite and sexual activity, and some key biochemical markers. A total of 467 genes were identified by RNA-seq analysis to have at least a 2-fold-change in expression between CPZ and control flies, including genes involved in metabolism, neurological diseases and lysozyme pathways. Our data provide additional insight into molecular mechanisms underlying depressive disorders in humans and may also contribute to clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Di Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Ya Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Jia-Lin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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21
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Macedonia M, Repetto C. Why Your Body Can Jog Your Mind. Front Psychol 2017; 8:362. [PMID: 28337170 PMCID: PMC5343044 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Macedonia
- Information Engineering, Johannes Kepler Universität LinzLinz, Austria
- Neural Mechanisms of Human Communication, Max-Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Repetto
- Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro CuoreMilan, Italy
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Boerma T, Hosseinpoor AR, Verdes E, Chatterji S. A global assessment of the gender gap in self-reported health with survey data from 59 countries. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:675. [PMID: 27475755 PMCID: PMC4967305 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3352-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While surveys in high-income countries show that women generally have poorer self-reported health than men, much less is known about gender differences in other regions of the world. Such data can be used to examine the determinants of sex differences. Methods We analysed data on respondents 18 years and over from the World Health Surveys 2002–04 in 59 countries, which included multiple measures of self-reported health, eight domains of functioning and presumptive diagnoses of chronic conditions. The age-standardized female excess fraction was computed for all indicators and analysed for five regional groups of countries. Multivariate regression models were used to examine the association between country gaps in self-reported health between the sexes with societal and other background characteristics. Results Women reported significantly poorer health than men on all self-reported health indicators. The excess fraction was 15 % for the health score based on the eight domains, 28 % for “poor” or “very poor” self-rated health on the single question, and 26 % for “severe” or “extreme” on a single question on limitations. The excess female reporting of poorer health occurred at all ages, but was smaller at ages 60 and over. The female excess was observed in all regions, and was smallest in the European high-income countries. Women more frequently reported problems in specific health domains, with the excess fraction ranging from 25 % for vision to 35 % for mobility, pain and sleep, and with considerable variation between regions. Angina, arthritis and depression had female excess fractions of 33, 32 and 42 % respectively. Higher female prevalence of the presumptive diagnoses was observed in all regional country groups. The main factors affecting the size of the gender gap in self-reported health were the female-male gaps in the prevalence of chronic conditions, especially arthritis and depression and gender characteristics of the society. Conclusions Large female-male differences in self-reported health and functioning, equivalent to a decade of growing older, consistently occurred in all regions of the world, irrespective of differences in mortality levels or societal factors. The multi-country study suggests that a mix of biological factors and societal gender inequalities are major contributing factors to gender gap in self-reported measures of health. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3352-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ties Boerma
- Department of Information, Evidence and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Ahmad Reza Hosseinpoor
- Department of Information, Evidence and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emese Verdes
- Department of Information, Evidence and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Somnath Chatterji
- Department of Information, Evidence and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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The clinical effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy and an alternative medicine approach in reducing symptoms of depression in adolescents. Psychiatry Res 2016; 239:325-30. [PMID: 27058159 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of two psychotherapeutic approaches, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and a complementary medicine method Reiki, in reducing depression scores in adolescents. We recruited 188 adolescent patients who were 12-17 years old. Participants were randomly assigned to CBT, Reiki or wait-list. Depression scores were assessed before and after the 12 week interventions or wait-list. CBT showed a significantly greater decrease in Child Depression Inventory (CDI) scores across treatment than both Reiki (p<.001) and the wait-list control (p<.001). Reiki also showed greater decreases in CDI scores across treatment relative to the wait-list control condition (p=.031). The analyses indicated a significant interaction between gender, condition and change in CDI scores, such that male participants showed a smaller treatment effect for Reiki than did female participants. Both CBT and Reiki were effective in reducing the symptoms of depression over the treatment period, with effect for CBT greater than Reiki. These findings highlight the importance of early intervention for treatment of depression using both cognitive and complementary medicine approaches. However, research that tests complementary therapies over a follow-up period and against a placebo treatment is required.
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Revisiting the Serotonin Hypothesis: Implications for Major Depressive Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:2778-2786. [PMID: 25823514 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9152-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heritable neuropsychiatric disease associated with severe changes at cellular and molecular levels. Its diagnosis mainly relies on the characterization of a wide range of symptoms including changes in mood and behavior. Despite the availability of antidepressant drugs, 10 to 30 % of patients fail to respond after a single or multiple treatments, and the recurrence of depression among responsive patients is very high. Evidence from the past decades suggests that the brain neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) is incriminated in MDD, and that a dysfunction of 5-HT receptors may play a role in the genesis of this disease. The 5-HT membrane transporter protein (SERT), which helps regulate the serotonergic transmission, is also implicated in MDD and is one of the main targets of antidepressant therapy. Although a number of behavioral tests and animal models have been developed to study depression, little is known about the neurobiological bases of MDD. Understanding the role of the serotonergic pathway will significantly help improve our knowledge of the pathophysiology of depression and may open up avenues for the development of new antidepressant drugs. The overarching goal of this review is to present recent findings from studies examining the serotonergic pathway in MDD, with a focus on SERT and the serotonin 1A (5-HT1A), serotonin 1B (5-HT1B), and serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptors. This paper also describes some of the main molecules involved in the internalization of 5-HT receptors and illustrates the changes in 5-HT neurotransmission in knockout mice and animal model of depression.
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