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Almarwani AM, Alzahrani NS. Factors affecting the development of clinical nurses' competency: A systematic review. Nurse Educ Pract 2023; 73:103826. [PMID: 37951064 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM To synthesize and analyze the literature on nursing clinical competence to assess the factors affecting nursing clinical competency. BACKGROUND Nursing competence affects not only patients but also nurses themselves. Competent nurses contribute to patient safety. Prioritizing clinical competency enables nurses to deliver high-quality care. Clinical nursing competency is influenced by various factors including education and training, experience, professional development, clinical judgment, decision-making skills and communication. DESIGN This was a systematic review. METHODS This study utilized an extensive literature search of online databases, including SCOPUS, Web of Science and PubMed. This review followed the guidelines provided by the Effective Practice and Organization of Care (EPOC) Cochrane Group and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. RESULTS This systematic review provided 20 valuable articles, with a total of 6273 participants across the 20 studies, including 18 cross-sectional studies and two descriptive-correlational studies, predominantly using quantitative research methods. The analysis revealed several key factors that significantly affect nurses' clinical competency. These factors included years of experience, workplace environment, theoretical knowledge and educational level, marital status, clinical training, job satisfaction, turnover intention, job stress and critical thinking. CONCLUSIONS Understanding and addressing these factors are crucial for enhancing nurses' clinical competence and ultimately improving patient outcomes. Further research and interventions should be directed towards promoting supportive work environments, continuous education and the development of critical thinking skills among nurses to optimize their clinical competencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Mofdy Almarwani
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, College of Nursing, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Naif S Alzahrani
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia
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Jiang M, Zeng J, Liao M, Li Q. The work status of nurses in long-term care institutions in elderly care: A qualitative descriptive study. Nurs Open 2023; 10:6428-6434. [PMID: 37332177 PMCID: PMC10416048 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To understand the work status of nurses in long-term care institutions in China for elderly care to provide a reference for further formulating management strategies and promoting the development of long-term care teams. METHODS Using qualitative descriptive research methods, 31 nurses from three long-term care institutions were selected through purposive sampling for in-depth interviews, and a three-week participatory observation was conducted on the daily work of nurses in the above three long-term care institutions. Content analysis was used to analyse data. RESULTS In our sample, nurses in long-term care institutions had insufficient manpower, generally had low academic qualifications, and lacked professional ability. Their work enthusiasm and initiative need to be further improved. Long-term care nurses were moderately paid, and their salary satisfaction was lower than in other trades. At the same time, the social understanding of the long-term care industry was insufficient, and the social identity of nurses in long-term care institutions was low. CONCLUSION The development of long-term care requires the joint efforts of nurses, medical institutions, and society. By improving the system, cultivating talents and building a harmonious atmosphere, we aim to enhance the work enthusiasm of long-term care nurses and promote the stable and orderly development of the long-term care team. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Nurses in long-term care institutions are at the core of the ageing age and play a vital role in coping with the ageing problem, meeting long-term care needs, improving the quality of life of old people and reducing the cost of long-term care. The training and management of nurses in long-term care institutions and the construction of the entire long-term care system should be based on China's national conditions and actual needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Jiang
- West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan UniversityAmoyChina
- Chengdu Medical CollegeChengduChina
| | | | | | - Quanlei Li
- School of NursingJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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Vikström-Dahl I, Bing-Jonsson PC, Rauhala A, Fagerström L. Revealing a gap in the clinical competence of nursing staff in nursing homes: a cross-sectional study with the Ms. Olsen test. BMC Nurs 2023; 22:130. [PMID: 37072846 PMCID: PMC10111312 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01297-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing staff, caring for frail older people in long-term care, needs to have a certain level of clinical competence to identify diseases at an early stage and to assess and provide good nursing care. In Finland, nursing care is based on evidence-based and high-quality nursing care. However, earlier inspections by the National Supervisory Authority for Welfare and Health showed many discrepancies between the nursing staff's clinical competence and adequate and continuous education. AIM This study aimed to explore nursing staff, i.e. the clinical competence and decision-making skills of registered and practical nurses in nursing homes for older people in Finland and to analyse the association between nurses' clinical competence and fundamental background factors. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 337 participants in 50 nursing homes in the western part of Finland, between December 2020 and January 2021. The instrument used was the validated Ms. Olsen test, an extraction of NOP-CET. Statistical analyses were conducted with descriptive statistics and correlations and a cut-off for clinical competence. RESULTS This study with the Ms. Olsen test revealed that only one-fourth of the RNs and a third of the PNs passed the clinical competence test. In the self-evaluation, almost all participants evaluated themselves with good clinical competence. The Finnish Current Care Guidelines were used on a daily basis by 7.4% and weekly by 30%. Significant correlation was found between Swedish as a working language and mother tongue and the score for clinical competence. CONCLUSION The clinical competence test, the Ms. Olsen test, was used in Finland for the first time to evaluate the nursing staffs´ clinical competence in nursing homes. We found gaps in the clinical competence in Finnish nursing homes, both for PNs and RNs. The result differed remarkably from their self-assessments and the staff did not use the national nursing guidelines as required to develop their nursing skills and knowledge. Gaps in the clinical competence have been identified and can be used to develop targeted continuous education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irén Vikström-Dahl
- Faculty of Education and Welfare Studies, Åbo Akademi University, Vaasa, Finland.
- Faculty of Health and Welfare, Novia University of Applied Sciences, Vaasa, Finland.
| | - Pia Cecile Bing-Jonsson
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), Kongsberg, Norway
| | - Auvo Rauhala
- Faculty of Education and Welfare Studies, Åbo Akademi University, Vaasa, Finland
- Finnish Centre for Client and Patient Safety, Wellbeing Services County of Ostrobothnia, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Lisbeth Fagerström
- Faculty of Education and Welfare Studies, Åbo Akademi University, Vaasa, Finland
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), Kongsberg, Norway
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Jiang M, Zeng J, Chen X, Rao Q, Liao M. Construction of a Model of Nurse Engagement in Long-Term Care Facilities: A Moderated-Mediation Model. Front Psychol 2022; 13:798624. [PMID: 35769753 PMCID: PMC9235920 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.798624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of the study is to test a moderated mediation model that focuses on job resources mediating the relationship between organizational climate and nurse engagement in the long-term care facilities and emotional intelligence moderates this mediated relationship. Background The shortage of nurses is a global problem, especially in the long-term care facilities. We integrated and extended past research exploring the influence of nurse engagement and constructed a model of nurse engagement in the long-term care facilities. Method A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 494 nurses in long-term care facilities. Nurses were asked to complete a survey of nurse engagement, organizational climate, job resources, and emotional intelligence. Results The consequence demonstrated that organizational climate increased nurse engagement directly and indirectly via job resources. In addition, emotional intelligence plays a moderation role between organizational climate and job resources. Conclusion These phenomena revealed that a good organizational climate and job resources enable nurses to be more engaged in work. Nurse with high-emotional intelligence can take advantage of resources and improve their engagement.
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Hsieh P, Chen C, Chen H, Yang F. Factors affecting preregistered nurses' willingness to serve in geriatric long-term care. Nurs Open 2021; 8:2528-2535. [PMID: 33617151 PMCID: PMC8363386 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Rapidly ageing population leads to increased demands for long-term care. Taiwan's preparation for its ageing population focuses on engaging healthcare professionals. This study explored pre-registered nurses' current knowledge, experience in geriatric long-term care (GLTC) and willingness to serve in GLTC. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey design and a self-developed structured questionnaire were used. METHODS A probability proportionate to size sampling strategy was used to collect data from students in junior college and bachelor of nursing science programmes in Taiwan in 2017. Multiple regression was adopted to predict significant factors that influence nursing students' willingness to serve in GLTC. RESULTS The willingness to serve in GLTC was positively correlated with their experience of living with older adults, practicum experience, taking GLTC-related courses and interest in GLTC. Willingness to serve older/disabled patients can be enhanced through school courses and practicum experiences, indicating the importance of GLTC-related courses in the training of the professional nursing workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei‐Lun Hsieh
- Department of NursingCollege of HealthNational Taichung University of Science and TechnologyTaichungTaiwan
| | - Ching‐Min Chen
- Department of NursingNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Hsiao‐Mei Chen
- Department of NursingChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichung CityTaiwan
- Department of NursingChung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichung CityTaiwan
| | - Fu‐Chi Yang
- College of General EducationNational Chin‐Yi University of TechnologyTaichungTaiwan
- Institute of Allied Health SciencesCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTaiwan
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Kurebayashi Y. Self-compassion and nursing competency among Japanese psychiatric nurses. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57:1009-1018. [PMID: 33078412 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the association of self-focus and self-compassion with nursing competency. DESIGN AND METHODS Data of 433 psychiatric nurses comprising demographics, other-consciousness, self-compassion, self-focus, and nursing competency were analyzed using the Other-Consciousness Scale (OCS), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), Japanese version of the Rumination-Reflection Questionnaire (RRQ), and Oriented Problem Solving Behavior (OPSN). FINDINGS Higher internal aspect and lower fantastic aspect in OCS, higher reflection in RRQ, and lower SCS negative subscales predicted a higher OPSN score. The account rate of variance was 12.5%. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Psychiatric nursing education should facilitate other-consciousness and reflection enhancement, and assuage uncompassionate attitude towards self.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kurebayashi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
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Piirainen P, Pesonen HM, Kyngäs H, Elo S. Challenging situations and competence of nursing staff in nursing homes for older people with dementia. Int J Older People Nurs 2021; 16:e12384. [PMID: 34075711 DOI: 10.1111/opn.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia causes behavioural changes in people that often lead to earlier placement in a nursing home. Staff can find these behavioural changes challenging and require specific competencies to support and care of people living with dementia. However, there is little information regarding the competencies nurses require in dementia care. Thus, the aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of challenging situations in nursing homes of older people with dementia, characterise the nursing staff's responses to such situations and contribute to a model outlining competences that dementia care nurses require. METHODS Data were collected using mixed methods in a cross-sectional survey of views of nursing staff (n = 106) in two nursing homes in Finland during May to June 2018 using a structured questionnaire including open-ended questions. Quantitative data acquired were analysed statistically, and responses to the open-ended question were analysed using content analysis methodology. RESULTS Most nurses (98%) reported that challenging situations occurred daily or weekly. The most common reported forms of challenging behaviour were as follows: wandering, restlessness, constant leaving, repeated inquiries and requests and opposition to treatment (mentioned by 95%, 90%, 85%, 83% and 83% of respondents, respectively). Five key competencies were identified from their responses: practical knowledge, theoretical knowledge, therapeutic use of self, social competence and self-management. They also indicated significant correlations between leadership and both the impact of challenging behaviour on coping at work and use of physical restraints on older people with dementia. CONCLUSION Challenging situations in nursing homes of older people with dementia are very common. There is a need to identify specific competencies for caring for people with dementia in addition to updating official guidelines to handle such situations. The support of supervisors and competencies related to therapeutic use of self in nursing are highly important for nurses providing care for people with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Piirainen
- Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Helvi Kyngäs
- Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Satu Elo
- Lapland University of Applied Sciences, Kemi, Finland
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Yoon J. Development of emergency nursing care competency scale for school nurses. BMC Nurs 2021; 20:63. [PMID: 33853595 PMCID: PMC8045335 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-021-00580-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND School nurses perform vital student emergency services at school, and assessing their emergency nursing care competency is critical to the safety and quality of care students receive. The purpose of the study was to develop a scale for measuring school nurses' competency. METHODS This was an instrument development and validation study. It was conducted according to the revised DeVellis scale development process coupled with the application of the International Council of Nurses' Nursing Care Continuum Competencies Framework. Eight experts specializing in school health and emergency care evaluated the content validity, while 386 school nurses evaluated the scale. The validity evaluation comprised factor analysis, discriminative validity analysis according to differences in school nurse experience, and criterion validity analysis. Scale internal consistency was analyzed using Cronbach's α value. RESULTS The final scale comprises a self-reported 5-point Likert scale with 30 items based on three factors and three sub-factors. Both the convergent validity of the items by factor and the discriminative validity were both confirmed. The criterion validity was also found to be positively correlated with the Triage Competency Scale. CONCLUSION The scale may be used to identify factors influencing school nurses' competency in emergency nursing care and contribute to research in competency-based education programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehee Yoon
- Wolchon Elementary School, 132, Mokdongjungang-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, 07980, South Korea.
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Cheng TJ, Hsu YM, Tsai TH, Chen MY, Tsay SF, Shieh SH. Factors Affecting the Competence of Nursing Assistants in Taiwan Long-Term Care Institutions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249413. [PMID: 33334015 PMCID: PMC7765356 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing number of people with disabilities caused by an aging global population, the need for long-term care is gradually increasing. Nursing assistants (NAs) are the primary providers of direct care services to older adults with disabilities, whose knowledge, skills, and beliefs affect the quality of care provided. This study aimed to investigate the influential factors affecting NAs’ current competences. A total of 255 NAs’ valid questionnaires were collected from 20 long-term care institutions in Taiwan through convenience sampling. The questionnaire comprised dimensions of demographics and care competence. The study results indicated that NAs had the greatest care competence in the domain of recognition of patient rights (4.64 ± 0.54 points). The multiple regression indicated that age, religion, job category, disability care experience, the receiving of performance bonuses, and the receiving of year-end bonuses significantly affected the level of care competence (p < 0.05). With the aforementioned findings, the results of this study serve as references for the government in employing long-term care NAs and developing management policies. Training programs for NAs should be developed to improve the quality of care provided to older adults with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Jung Cheng
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (T.-J.C.); (T.-H.T.); (S.-F.T.)
| | - Yi-Min Hsu
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Nursing, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Han Tsai
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (T.-J.C.); (T.-H.T.); (S.-F.T.)
| | - Ming-Yu Chen
- Taichung Hospital attached Nursing Home, Head Nurse Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung 40343, Taiwan;
| | - Shwu-Feng Tsay
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (T.-J.C.); (T.-H.T.); (S.-F.T.)
- Department of Nursing and Health Care, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11558, Taiwan
| | - Shwn-Huey Shieh
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (T.-J.C.); (T.-H.T.); (S.-F.T.)
- Department of Nursing, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Gunawan J, Aungsuroch Y, Fisher ML, Marzilli C, Liu Y. Factors Related to the Clinical Competence of Registered Nurses: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Nurs Scholarsh 2020; 52:623-633. [PMID: 32862486 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the factors associated with the clinical competence of registered nurses. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis was used. The search strategy was limited to 10 years, ranging from January 2009 to December 2019, in Science Direct, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. A meta-analysis was performed using R Studio with the metafor package (Boston, MA, USA; https://rstudio.com/products/rstudio/older-versions/). RESULTS A total of 22 studies were included, representing 33,961 nurses. There were 28 factors associated with clinical competence. Of those, 13 factors were significantly supported and included for meta-analysis, grouped into (a) individual-related factors, (b) job satisfaction, (c) bullying, (d) burnout, and (d) specific knowledge. The effect size of those factors ranged from -0.14 to 0.50. CONCLUSIONS Among individual-related factors, salary has the largest effect size on competence and is considered important. Clinical competence is positively affected by job satisfaction, but negatively influenced by bullying and burnout. Although specific knowledge has a large effect size, it does not significantly affect the clinical competence of registered nurses. CLINICAL RELEVANCE It is critical to understand factors related to the clinical competence of registered nurses to maintain quality care and patient outcomes in clinical settings. The findings serve as data to help nurse managers find effective ways to improve the knowledge, skill, attitudes, and performance of registered nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joko Gunawan
- Postdoctoral Researcher, Faculty of Nursing, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yupin Aungsuroch
- Associate Professor, Faculty of Nursing, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mary L Fisher
- Professor Emeritus, Visiting Professor and Interim Director of the FINE Center, Indiana University School of Nursing, Indianapolis, IN, and Clinical Professor, College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Colleen Marzilli
- Associate Professor, The University of Texas at Tyler, School of Nursing, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China and Postdoctoral Researcher, Faculty of Nursing, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Kuo CL, Wang SY, Tsai CH, Pan YF, Chuang YH. Nurses' perceptions regarding providing psychological care for older residents in long-term care facilities: A qualitative study. Int J Older People Nurs 2019; 14:e12242. [PMID: 31070867 DOI: 10.1111/opn.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To explore nurses' perceptions regarding providing psychological health care for older residents in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). BACKGROUND Loneliness and depressive symptoms are commonly observed among older residents living in LTCFs. Nurses are expected to provide holistic care including physical, psychological and social care for older residents in LTCFs to fulfil their needs. Therefore, understanding nurses' feelings and thoughts regarding providing care for older residents who feel lonely, sad, unhappy or depressed is important for delivering better care. DESIGN A qualitative research design was employed. The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) was used to enhance for reporting quality. METHODS Purposive sampling and snowball sampling were applied in Northern Taiwan. One-to-one in-depth interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. Twenty-one nurses with a mean age of 38.4 years were interviewed. Content analysis was performed for data analysis. FINDINGS Four themes were generated from the data: "insufficient psychological healthcare competency," "having a willing heart but not adequate support," "families playing an essential role in residents' mood" and "physical-oriented care model." CONCLUSIONS Long-term care facilitie nurses felt that they were not adequately prepared for taking care of older adults' psychological problems before their nursing career or during their practice. Unreasonable nurse-to-resident ratios and an absence of care consensus among healthcare providers can make nurses feel that they have a willing heart but not adequate support. Family members are essential in older residents' emotional status within the Taiwanese cultural context. Physical care evaluation indicators emphasised by LTCF accreditation resulted in the current care practice model. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE This study provides valuable information for LTCF nurses, managers and directors to develop appropriate strategies to assist nurses in providing better psychological health care for older residents. Evaluation indicators required by LTCF accreditation in Taiwan must be re-examined at the earliest stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Lin Kuo
- Department of Allied Health Education & Digital Learning, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Yu Wang
- Discipline of Nursing, School of Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Yu-Fan Pan
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeu-Hui Chuang
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Emergency Department Visits and Disease Burden Attributable to Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions in Elderly Adults. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3811. [PMID: 30846843 PMCID: PMC6405841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many countries worldwide are aging rapidly, and the complex care needs of older adults generate an unprecedented demand for health services. Common reasons for elderly emergency department (ED) visits frequently involve conditions triggered by preventable infections also known as ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs). This study aims to describe the trend and the associated disease burden attributable to ACSC-related ED visits made by elderly patients and to characterize their ED use by nursing home residence. We designed a population-based ecological study using administrative data on Taiwan EDs between 2002 and 2013. A total of 563,647 ED visits from individuals aged 65 or over were examined. All elderly ED visits due to ACSCs (tuberculosis, upper respiratory infection, pneumonia, sepsis, cellulitis and urinary tract infection (UTI)) were further identified. Subsequent hospital admissions, related deaths after discharge, total health care costs and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were compared among different ACSCs. Prevalence of ACSCs was then assessed between nursing home (NH) residents and non-NH residents. Within the 12-year observation period, we find that there was a steady increase in both the rate of ACSC ED visits and the proportion of elderly with a visit. Overall, pneumonia is the most prevalent among six ACSCs for elderly ED visits (2.10%; 2.06 to 2.14), subsequent hospital admissions (5.77%; 5.59 to 5.94) and associated mortality following admission (17.37%; 16.74 to 18.01). UTI is the second prevalent ACSC consistently across ED visits (2.02%; 1.98 to 2.05), subsequent hospital admissions (2.36%, 2.25 to 2.48) and mortality following admission (10.80%; 10.28 to 11.32). Sepsis ranks third highest in the proportion of hospitalization following ED visit (2.29%; 2.18 to 2.41) and related deaths after hospital discharge (7.39%; 6.95 to 7.83), but it accounts for the highest average total health care expenditure (NT$94,595 ± 120,239; ≈US$3185.02) per case. When examining the likelihood of ACSC-attributable ED use, significantly higher odds were observed in NH residents as compared with non-NH residents for: pneumonia (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 5.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.50-5.58); UTI (aOR: 4.44, 95% CI 3.97-4.98); sepsis (aOR: 3.54, 95% CI 3.06-4.10); and tuberculosis (aOR: 2.44, 95% CI 1.63-3.65). Here we examined the ACSC-related ED care and found that, among the six ACSCs studied, pneumonia, UTI and sepsis were the leading causes of ED visits, subsequent hospital admissions, related mortality, health care costs and DALYs in Taiwanese NH elderly adults. Our findings suggest that efficient monitoring and reinforcing of quality of care in the residential and community setting might substantially reduce the number of preventable elderly ED visits and alleviate strain on the health care system.
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