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Takatani T, Shiohama T, Takatani R, Hattori S, Yokota H, Hamada H. Brain morphometric changes in children born as small for gestational age without catch up growth. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1441563. [PMID: 39268030 PMCID: PMC11390431 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1441563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Most infants born as small for gestational age (SGA) demonstrate catch up growth by 2-4 years, but some fail to do so. This failure is associated with several health risks, including neuropsychological development issues. However, data on the morphological characteristics of the brains of infants born as SGA without achieving catch up growth are lacking. This study aims to determine the structural aspects of the brains of children born as SGA without catch up growth. Methods We conducted voxel- and surface-based morphometric analyses of 1.5-T T1-weighted brain images scanned from eight infants born as SGA who could not achieve catch up growth by 3 years and sixteen individuals with idiopathic short stature (ISS) to exclude body size effects. Growth hormone (GH) secretion stimulation tests were used to rule out GH deficiency in all SGA and ISS cases. The magnetic resonance imaging data were assessed using Levene's test for equality of variances and a two-tailed unpaired t-test for equality of means. The Benjamini-Hochberg procedure was used to apply discovery rate correction for multiple comparisons. Results Morphometric analyses of both t-statical map and surface-based analyses using general linear multiple analysis determined decreased left insula thickness and volume in SGA without catch up growth compared with ISS. Conclusion The brain scans of patients with SGA who lack catch up growth indicated distinct morphological disparities when compared to those with ISS. The discernible features of brain morphology observed in patients born as SGA without catch up growth may improve understanding of the association of SGA without catch up growth with both intellectual and psychological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomozumi Takatani
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadashi Shiohama
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Rieko Takatani
- Faculty of Education, Graduate School of Education, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinya Hattori
- Department of Radiology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hajime Yokota
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Hamada
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Takatani T, Takatani R, Eguchi A, Yamamoto M, Sakurai K, Taniguchi Y, Kobayashi Y, Mori C, Kamijima M. Association between maternal blood or cord blood metal concentrations and catch-up growth in children born small for gestational age: an analysis by the Japan environment and children's study. Environ Health 2024; 23:18. [PMID: 38336787 PMCID: PMC10858588 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catch-up growth issues among children born small for gestational age (SGA) present a substantial public health challenge. Prenatal exposure to heavy metals can cause adverse effects on birth weight. However, comprehensive studies on the accurate assessment of individual blood concentrations of heavy metals and their effect on the failure to achieve catch-up growth remain unavailable. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of uterine exposure to toxic metals cadmium, lead, and mercury and essential trace metals manganese and selenium at low concentrations on the postnatal growth of children born SGA. METHODS Data on newborn birth size and other factors were obtained from the medical record transcripts and self-administered questionnaires of participants in the Japan Environment and Children's Study. The blood concentrations of lead, cadmium, mercury, selenium, and manganese in pregnant women in their second or third trimester were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. These heavy metal concentrations were also assessed in pregnant women's cord blood. Furthermore, the relationship between each heavy metal and height measure/catch-up growth in SGA children aged 4 years was analyzed using linear and logistic regression methods. These models were adjusted for confounders. RESULTS We studied 4683 mother-child pairings from 103,060 pregnancies included in the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Of these, 278 pairs were also analyzed using cord blood. At 3 and 4 years old, 10.7% and 9.0% of children who were born below the 10th percentile of body weight had height standard deviation scores (SDSs) below 2, respectively. Cord blood cadmium concentrations were associated with the inability to catch up in growth by 3 or 4 years old and the height SDS at 3 years old. In maternal blood, only manganese was positively associated with the height SDS of SGA children aged 2 years; however, it was not significantly associated with catch-up growth in these children. CONCLUSION Cadmium exposure is associated with failed catch-up development in SGA children. These new findings could help identify children highly at risk of failing to catch up in growth, and could motivate the elimination of heavy metal (especially cadmium) pollution to improve SGA children's growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomozumi Takatani
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Rieko Takatani
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Akifumi Eguchi
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Midori Yamamoto
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sakurai
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Yu Taniguchi
- Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, 305- 8506, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kobayashi
- Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, 305- 8506, Japan
| | - Chisato Mori
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
- Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kamijima
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
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Falah G, Sharvit L, Atzmon G. The Exon 3-Deleted Growth Hormone Receptor (d3GHR) Polymorphism-A Favorable Backdoor Mechanism for the GHR Function. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13908. [PMID: 37762211 PMCID: PMC10531306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is a peptide hormone that plays a crucial role in controlling growth, development, and lifespan. Molecular regulation of GH is accomplished via the GH receptor (GHR), which is the main factor influencing human development and is essential to optimal functioning of the GH/IGF-I axis. Two GHR isoforms have been studied, according to the presence (flGHR) or absence (d3GHR) of exon 3. The d3GHR isoform, which lacks exon 3 has recently been related to longevity; individuals carrying this isoform have higher receptor activity, improved signal transduction, and alterations in the treatment response and efficacy compared with those carrying the wild type (WT) isoform (flGHR). Further, studies performed in patients with acromegaly, Prader-Willi syndrome, Turner syndrome, small for gestational age (SGA), and growth hormone deficiency (GHD) suggested that the d3GHR isoform may have an impact on the relationship between GH and IGF-I levels, height, weight, BMI, and other variables. Other research, however, revealed inconsistent results, which might have been caused by confounding factors, including limited sample sizes and different experimental methods. In this review, we lay out the complexity of the GHR isoforms and provide an overview of the major pharmacogenetic research conducted on this ongoing and unresolved subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadeer Falah
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (G.F.); (L.S.)
| | - Lital Sharvit
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (G.F.); (L.S.)
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (G.F.); (L.S.)
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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M N N, J K, S R S, Raavi V. The Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor-Axis and Mitotic Index in South Indian Neonates with Small for Gestational Age. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2023; 42:216-226. [PMID: 35712880 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2022.2086950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE IGF-axis and mitotic capacity of cells play a vital role in fetal growth. We compared IGF1, IGF2, and IGFBP3 protein levels, mitotic indices, IGFR1 and IGFR2 mRNA expression in appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and small for gestational age (SGA) neonates of Indian women. METHODS Cord blood (n = 80) and placental samples (n = 40) were collected from AGA and SGA neonates. Plasma IGF1, IGF2, and IGFBP3 proteins were measured by ELISA. IGFR1 and IGFR2 mRNA expression in the placenta were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Cord blood was cultured in vitro and mitotic index was obtained. RESULTS IGF1 (p = 1), and IGF2 (p = 0.69) protein levels did not differ, whereas IGFBP3 (p = 0.02) was significantly less in SGA compared to AGA neonates. Down-regulation of IGFR1 (3.9-folds) and IGFR2 (2.8-folds) mRNA and reduced mitotic index of lymphocytes was observed in SGA (p = 0.001) compared to AGA neonates. CONCLUSION Our results showed that, SGA neonates displayed down-regulated IGFR1 and IGFR2 mRNA, decreased IGFBP3 protein and mitotic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithya M N
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Kolar 563 103, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishnappa J
- Department of Paediatrics, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Kolar 563 103, Karnataka, India
| | - Sheela S R
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Kolar 563 103, Karnataka, India
| | - Venkateswarlu Raavi
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Kolar 563 103, Karnataka, India
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Pfäffle R, Knüpfer M, Göbert M, Vogel M, Gausche R, Beger C, Keller E, Körner A, Thome U, Kiess W. Growth Patterns of Children With Short Stature in Adulthood According to Auxological Status and Maturity at Birth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:3320-3327. [PMID: 36099499 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prematurity carries a risk for impaired postnatal growth and long-term growth restriction. Especially children born SGA seem vulnerable for poor growth, as a persistent short stature can be observed in app 10-15% of these children. OBJECTIVE In this study we aimed to recognize differences in growth patterns of children according to sex, maturity, and auxological status at birth facilitating earlier identification of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) children with adult short stature. METHODS The growth data of 44 791 infants born between January 1, 1980, and December 30, 2012, among 2 pediatric cohorts with follow-up through December 31, 2020, were analyzed. A total of 5698 children with birth data had measurements at near final height (nfh) and at least 2 further points. RESULTS Preterm children (gestational age < 37 weeks) had a significantly lower mean nfh SDS than term children (preterm, -0.61; term, -0.18) and a higher likelihood of nfh < third percentile (preterm, 20.5%; term, 12.2%). SGA born children also had a lower mean nfh SD score (SDS) than children born appropriate for gestational age (AGA) (SGA, -1.06; AGA, -0.15) and a higher likelihood of nfh < third percentile (SGA, 28.2%; AGA 10.1%). Of 1204 SGA children, 672 (56%) showed successful catch-up growth (CUG) to nfh greater than or equal to the 10th percentile (SGA-CU), and 532 children (44%) did not (SGA-S). The difference in their mean nfh SDS (SGA-CU, -0.12; SGA-S -2.26) can only partly be explained by the differences in mean mid-parental height SDS (SGA-CU, -0.3; SGA-S, -1.19). During the first year, SGA-CU showed higher CUG (SGA-CU, +1.2 SDS; SGA-S, +0.45 SDS), which helps to discriminate between groups earlier. CONCLUSION Final growth outcome was influenced by prematurity and auxological status at birth, but not by sex. Height/length SDS increments during year 1 are instrumental to discern SGA children with later normal or short stature. While observing CUG until year 2 and 3 can add specificity, discrimination thereafter becomes difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Pfäffle
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- CrescNet Database, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Knüpfer
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Melanie Göbert
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mandy Vogel
- LIFE-Child-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Centre of Pediatric Research (CPL), University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ruth Gausche
- CrescNet Database, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Beger
- CrescNet Database, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eberhard Keller
- CrescNet Database, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE-Child-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Centre of Pediatric Research (CPL), University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Thome
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Centre of Pediatric Research (CPL), University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE-Child-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Centre of Pediatric Research (CPL), University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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6
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Wathes DC. Developmental Programming of Fertility in Cattle-Is It a Cause for Concern? Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2654. [PMID: 36230395 PMCID: PMC9558991 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cattle fertility remains sub-optimal despite recent improvements in genetic selection. The extent to which an individual heifer fulfils her genetic potential can be influenced by fetal programming during pregnancy. This paper reviews the evidence that a dam's age, milk yield, health, nutrition and environment during pregnancy may programme permanent structural and physiological modifications in the fetus. These can alter the morphology and body composition of the calf, postnatal growth rates, organ structure, metabolic function, endocrine function and immunity. Potentially important organs which can be affected include the ovaries, liver, pancreas, lungs, spleen and thymus. Insulin/glucose homeostasis, the somatotropic axis and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis can all be permanently reprogrammed by the pre-natal environment. These changes may act directly at the level of the ovary to influence fertility, but most actions are indirect. For example, calf health, the timing of puberty, the age and body structure at first calving, and the ability to balance milk production with metabolic health and fertility after calving can all have an impact on reproductive potential. Definitive experiments to quantify the extent to which any of these effects do alter fertility are particularly challenging in cattle, as individual animals and their management are both very variable and lifetime fertility takes many years to assess. Nevertheless, the evidence is compelling that the fertility of some animals is compromised by events happening before they are born. Calf phenotype at birth and their conception data as a nulliparous heifer should therefore both be assessed to avoid such animals being used as herd replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Claire Wathes
- Department for Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
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Lee HS, Kum CD, Rho JG, Hwang JS. Long-term effectiveness of growth hormone therapy in children born small for gestational age: An analysis of LG growth study data. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266329. [PMID: 35472208 PMCID: PMC9041836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose
Growth hormone (GH) treatment has been used to improve growth in short children who were born small for gestational age (SGA). The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term efficacy of GH treatment in these children.
Methods
Data from a multicenter observational clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01604395, LG growth study) were analyzed for growth outcome and prediction model in response to GH treatment. One hundred fifty-two children born SGA were included.
Results
The mean age of patients born SGA was 7.13 ± 2.59 years. Height standard deviation score (SDS) in patients born SGA increased from -2.55 ± 0.49 before starting treatment to -1.13 ± 0.76 after 3 years of GH treatment. Of the 152 patients with SGA, 48 who remained prepubertal during treatment used model development. The equation describing the predicted height velocity during 1st year of GH treatment is as follows: the predictive height velocity (cm) = 10.95 + [1.12 x Height SDS at initial treatment (score)] + [0.03 x GH dose (ug/kg/day)] + [0.30 x TH SDS at initial treatment (score)] + [0.05 x age (year)] + [0.15 x Weight SDS at initial treatment (score)] ± 1.51 cm.
Conclusions
GH treatment improved growth outcome in short children born SGA. We also developed a prediction model that is potentially useful in determining the optimal growth outcome for each child born SGA.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01604395.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Sang Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
| | - Change Dae Kum
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jung Gi Rho
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jin Soon Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Effects of Astragalus Extract Mixture HT042 on Circulating IGF-1 Level and Growth Hormone Axis in Rats. CHILDREN 2021; 8:children8110975. [PMID: 34828688 PMCID: PMC8622163 DOI: 10.3390/children8110975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Astragalus extract mixture HT042 is a standardized functional food granted by the Korean FDA for promoting “Children’s Height Growth”. In this study, we determined whether HT042 affects circulatory Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) after administration and investigated whether Growth hormone (GH), Growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRH-R), and Growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) mRNAs are expressed in the pituitary, and whether Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and Somatostatin (SST) are expressed in the hypothalamus. We also evaluated the growth effect of HT042 on endochondral bone formation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats in the control and HT042 groups were orally administered a single dose of the control and HT042, respectively, and those in the recombinant human GH (rhGH) group were subcutaneously injected with rhGH. Tetracycline was injected intraperitoneally 72 h prior to sacrifice to decide endochondral bone formation. To determine the endocrine or paracrine/autocrine mechanism, we evaluated the expression of local BMP-2 and IGF-1, an immunohistochemical study after HT042 administration. It was confirmed that the growth-promoting effect of HT042 can be contributed to the increase in serum IGF-1, which can be stimulated by GH secretion. Administration of HT042 modulated the activity of GHRH-R and GHR-S in the pituitary gland and promoted GH secretion, thereby changing longitudinal growth through GH/IGF-1 mediation. Results for GHRH and SST expression demonstrated that the hypothalamus can be influenced and mediated by HT042 through a complex neuroendocrine regulatory system. In addition, it was confirmed by oral administration for 10 days that HT042 increased bone formation in cartilage, which is important for height growth. The effect of HT042 could be owing to upregulation of local Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and IGF-1 expression in the growth plate, which could be regarded as a GH-dependent autocrine/paracrine pathway, as well as circulatory IGF-1.
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Aycan Z, Araslı Yılmaz A, Yel S, Savaş Erdeve Ş, Çetinkaya S. Evaluation of Growth Hormone Results in Different Diagnosis and Trend Over 10 Year of Follow-up: A Single Center Experience. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2021; 13:332-341. [PMID: 33749217 PMCID: PMC8388049 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2021.2020.0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate the results of diagnosis, follow-up and treatment of the patients who recieved growth hormone (GH) treatment for the last 10 years and to determine the differences in the process and results over the years. METHODS Anthropometric, clinical, laboratory data, treatment adherence and side effects were evaluated retrospectively in 767 patients who recieved GH treatment between 2009-2018. Patients were grouped as isolated GH deficiency (IGHD), multiple pituitary hormone deficiency (MPHD), small for gestational age (SGA), and Turner syndrome (TS) depending on diagnosis. RESULTS GH treatment was started in 689 cases (89.8%) with IGHD, 24 (3.1%) with MPHD, 26 (3.4%) with SGA and 28 (3.7%) with TS. Median age of GH treatment onset was the earliest in SGA (8.4 years) and the latest in the IGHD group (12.0 years). At the time of treatment cessation, height standard deviation score (SDS) in IGHD and MPHD was significantly higher than treatment initiation time, whereas there was no significant difference in TS and SGA. One hundred eighty-nine cases reached the final height. Final heights for girls/boys were: IGHD 154/164.9 cm; MPHD 156.2/163.5 cm; TS 146.7 cm; and SGA 145.7/-cm, respectively. Target height SDS-final height SDS median values were IGHD: 0.1, MPHD: 0.6, SGA: 0.5, TS: 2.4 respectively. The patients’ treatment compliance was high (92%) and the incidence of side effects was low (2.7%). CONCLUSION In our cohort, GH treatment start age was late and no difference in this was observed in the last 10 years. The improvement in the height SDS was most marked in the IGHD and MPHD groups, the least in the TS and SGA groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Aycan
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children’s Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey,Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Araslı Yılmaz
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children’s Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey,* Address for Correspondence: University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children’s Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey Phone: +90 532 648 77 09 E-mail:
| | - Servet Yel
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children’s Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şenay Savaş Erdeve
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children’s Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Semra Çetinkaya
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children’s Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
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Kim SJ, Kim MS, Cho SY, Suh BK, Ko CW, Lee KH, Yoo HW, Shin CH, Hwang JS, Kim HS, Chung WY, Kim CJ, Han HS, Jin DK. Efficacy and safety of the recombinant human growth hormone in short children born small for gestational age: A randomized, multicentre, comparative phase III trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26711. [PMID: 34397702 PMCID: PMC8322493 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Growth hormone (GH) treatment is known to be effective in increasing stature in children with a short stature born small for gestational age (SGA). This multicentre, randomized, open-label, comparative, phase III study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Growtropin-II (recombinant human GH) and to demonstrate that the growth-promoting effect of Growtropin-II is not inferior to that of Genotropin in children with SGA (NCT ID: NCT02770157). METHODS Seventy five children who met the inclusion criteria were randomized into 3 groups in a ratio of 2:2:1 (the study group [Growtropin-II, n = 30], control group [Genotropin, n = 30], and 26-week non-treatment group [n = 15]). The study and control groups received subcutaneous injections of Growtropin-II and Genotropin, respectively for 52 weeks, whereas the non-treatment group underwent a non-treatment observation period during weeks 0 to 26 and a dosing period during weeks 27 to 52 and additional dosing till week 78 only in re-consenting children. RESULTS No significant differences in demographic and baseline characteristics between the groups were observed. The mean ± standard deviation change difference in annualized height velocity (aHV) (study group - control group) was 0.65 ±2.12 cm/year (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.53 to 1.83), whereas the lower limit for the 2-sided 95% CI was -0.53 cm/year. Regarding safety, treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) occurred in 53.33% children in the study group and 43.33% children in the control group; the difference in the incidence of TEAEs between the 2 treatment groups was not statistically significant (P = .4383). A total of 17 serious adverse events (SAEs) occurred in 13.33% children in the treatment groups, and no significant difference in incidence between groups (P = .7065) was seen. Two cases of adverse drug reaction (ADR) occurred in 2 children (3.33%): 1 ADR (injection site swelling or pain) occurred in 1 child (3.33%) each in the study and control groups. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the change in aHV from the baseline till 52 weeks with Growtropin-II treatment is non-inferior to that with Genotropin treatment in children with short stature born SGA. Growtropin-II is well-tolerated, and its safety profile is comparable with that of Genotropin over a 1-year course of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Inha University College of Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Min-Sun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Yoon Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Kyu Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Woo Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Hyoung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Wook Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Genetics Clinic and Laboratory, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Soon Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ho-Seong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Yeong Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Chan Jong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Heon-Seok Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Dong-Kyu Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Netchine I, van der Steen M, López-Bermejo A, Koledova E, Maghnie M. New Horizons in Short Children Born Small for Gestational Age. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:655931. [PMID: 34055692 PMCID: PMC8155308 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.655931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Children born small for gestational age (SGA) comprise a heterogeneous group due to the varied nature of the cause. Approximately 85-90% have catch-up growth within the first 4 postnatal years, while the remainder remain short. In later life, children born SGA have an increased risk to develop metabolic abnormalities, including visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular problems, and may have impaired pubertal onset and growth. The third "360° European Meeting on Growth and Endocrine Disorders" in Rome, Italy, in February 2018, funded by Merck KGaA, Germany, included a session that examined aspects of short children born SGA, with three presentations followed by a discussion period, on which this report is based. Children born SGA who remain short are eligible for GH treatment, which is an approved indication. GH treatment increases linear growth and can also improve some metabolic abnormalities. After stopping GH at near-adult height, metabolic parameters normalize, but pharmacological effects on lean body mass and fat mass are lost; continued monitoring of body composition and metabolic changes may be necessary. Guidelines have been published on diagnosis and management of children with Silver-Russell syndrome, who comprise a specific group of those born SGA; these children rarely have catch-up growth and GH treatment initiation as early as possible is recommended. Early and moderate pubertal growth spurt can occur in children born SGA, including those with Silver-Russell syndrome, and reduce adult height. Treatments that delay puberty, specifically metformin and gonadotropin releasing hormone analogs in combination with GH, have been proposed, but are used off-label, currently lack replication of data, and require further studies of efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irène Netchine
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S938 Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
| | - Manouk van der Steen
- Department of Paediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Abel López-Bermejo
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Mohamad Maghnie
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care (IRCCS) Children's Hospital Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal, and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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12
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An J, Wang J, Guo L, Xiao Y, Lu W, Li L, Chen L, Wang X, Dong Z. The Impact of Gut Microbiome on Metabolic Disorders During Catch-Up Growth in Small-for-Gestational-Age. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:630526. [PMID: 33746902 PMCID: PMC7970190 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.630526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Catch-up growth (CUG) in small for gestational age (SGA) leads to increased risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases in adults. It remains unclear if microbiota could play an important role in CUG-SGA independent of genetic or nutritional factors. The present study explored the role of gut microbiota in, and its association with, metabolic disorders during CUG-SGA. METHODS An SGA rat model was established by restricting food intake during pregnancy, and the rats were divided into catch-up growth (CUG-SGA) and non-catch-up growth (NCUG-SGA) groups based on body weight and length at the fourth postnatal week. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA was conducted to detect the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota. Fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Transcriptome sequencing of liver tissue was performed and verified using real-time PCR. Concentrations of insulin and total cholesterol were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The composition of gut microbiota in CUG-SGA rats differed from that of NCUG-SGA rats, with reduced abundance of Lactobacillus in the CUG-SGA group. The decrease in Lactobacillus was significantly associated with increased body weight and upregulated insulin and total cholesterol levels. Five SCFAs and two branched chain fatty acids were significantly higher in the CUG-SGA group than in the NCUG-SGA group. Additionally, SCFAs were positively associated with clinical indices such as weight, body mass index, insulin, and total cholesterol. Transcriptomic data revealed that insulin-like growth factor-2 expression was significantly decreased in CUG-SGA rats and was associated with a decrease in Lactobacillus bacteria. CONCLUSION Lactobacillus and SCFAs were associated with the metabolic disorders during CUG in SGA. Gut microbiome may play a certain role on metabolic disorders during catch-up growth in small-for-gestational-age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing An
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junqi Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Guo
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Yuan Xiao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenli Lu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifen Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinqiong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiya Dong, ; Xinqiong Wang,
| | - Zhiya Dong
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiya Dong, ; Xinqiong Wang,
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13
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Veras Gonçalves A, Miranda-Filho DDB, Rocha Vilela LC, Ramos RCF, de Araújo TVB, de Vasconcelos RAL, Wanderley Rocha MA, Eickmann SH, Cordeiro MT, Ventura LO, Montarroyos UR, Mertens Brainer A, Costa Gomes MD, da Silva PFS, Martelli CMT, Brickley EB, Ximenes RAA. Endocrine Dysfunction in Children with Zika-Related Microcephaly Who Were Born during the 2015 Epidemic in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Viruses 2020; 13:v13010001. [PMID: 33374895 PMCID: PMC7821916 DOI: 10.3390/v13010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital viral infections and the occurrence of septo-optic dysplasia, which is a combination of optic nerve hypoplasia, abnormal formation of structures along the midline of the brain, and pituitary hypofunction, support the biological plausibility of endocrine dysfunction in Zika-related microcephaly. In this case series we ascertained the presence and describe endocrine dysfunction in 30 children with severe Zika-related microcephaly from the MERG Pediatric Cohort, referred for endocrinological evaluation between February and August 2019. Of the 30 children, 97% had severe microcephaly. The average age at the endocrinological consultation was 41 months and 53% were female. The most frequently observed endocrine dysfunctions comprised short stature, hypothyroidism, obesity and variants early puberty. These dysfunctions occurred alone 57% or in combination 43%. We found optic nerve hypoplasia (6/21) and corpus callosum hypoplasia (20/21). Seizure crises were reported in 86% of the children. The most common-and clinically important-endocrine dysfunctions were pubertal dysfunctions, thyroid disease, growth impairment, and obesity. These dysfunctions require careful monitoring and signal the need for endocrinological evaluation in children with Zika-related microcephaly, in order to make early diagnoses and implement appropriate treatment when necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Veras Gonçalves
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (L.C.R.V.); (R.A.A.X.)
- Unit Endocrinology, Oswaldo Cruz University Hospital, Recife 50100-130, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-81-3183-3510
| | - Demócrito de B. Miranda-Filho
- Postgraduation in Health Sciences, University of Pernambuco, Recife 50100-010, Brazil; (D.d.B.M.-F.); (R.A.L.d.V.); (U.R.M.); (A.M.B.); (M.D.C.G.); (P.F.S.d.S.)
| | - Líbia Cristina Rocha Vilela
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (L.C.R.V.); (R.A.A.X.)
| | - Regina Coeli Ferreira Ramos
- Department Pediatric Infectious Disease, Oswaldo Cruz University Hospital, Recife 50100-130, Brazil; (R.C.F.R.); (M.A.W.R.)
| | - Thalia V. B. de Araújo
- Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil;
| | - Rômulo A. L. de Vasconcelos
- Postgraduation in Health Sciences, University of Pernambuco, Recife 50100-010, Brazil; (D.d.B.M.-F.); (R.A.L.d.V.); (U.R.M.); (A.M.B.); (M.D.C.G.); (P.F.S.d.S.)
| | - Maria Angela Wanderley Rocha
- Department Pediatric Infectious Disease, Oswaldo Cruz University Hospital, Recife 50100-130, Brazil; (R.C.F.R.); (M.A.W.R.)
| | - Sophie Helena Eickmann
- Maternal and Child Department, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil;
| | - Marli Tenório Cordeiro
- Unit of Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Research Center Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM), Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (M.T.C.); (C.M.T.M.)
| | - Liana O. Ventura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Altino Ventura Foundation, Recife 52171-011, Brazil;
| | - Ulisses Ramos Montarroyos
- Postgraduation in Health Sciences, University of Pernambuco, Recife 50100-010, Brazil; (D.d.B.M.-F.); (R.A.L.d.V.); (U.R.M.); (A.M.B.); (M.D.C.G.); (P.F.S.d.S.)
| | - Alessandra Mertens Brainer
- Postgraduation in Health Sciences, University of Pernambuco, Recife 50100-010, Brazil; (D.d.B.M.-F.); (R.A.L.d.V.); (U.R.M.); (A.M.B.); (M.D.C.G.); (P.F.S.d.S.)
| | - Maria Durce Costa Gomes
- Postgraduation in Health Sciences, University of Pernambuco, Recife 50100-010, Brazil; (D.d.B.M.-F.); (R.A.L.d.V.); (U.R.M.); (A.M.B.); (M.D.C.G.); (P.F.S.d.S.)
| | - Paula Fabiana Sobral da Silva
- Postgraduation in Health Sciences, University of Pernambuco, Recife 50100-010, Brazil; (D.d.B.M.-F.); (R.A.L.d.V.); (U.R.M.); (A.M.B.); (M.D.C.G.); (P.F.S.d.S.)
| | - Celina M. T. Martelli
- Unit of Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Research Center Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM), Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (M.T.C.); (C.M.T.M.)
| | - Elizabeth B. Brickley
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK;
| | - Ricardo A. A. Ximenes
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (L.C.R.V.); (R.A.A.X.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pernambuco, Recife 50100-010, Brazil
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14
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Gkourogianni A, Andrade AC, Jonsson B, Segerlund E, Werner‐Sperker A, Horemuzova E, Dahlgren J, Burstedt M, Nilsson O. Pre- and postnatal growth failure with microcephaly due to two novel heterozygous IGF1R mutations and response to growth hormone treatment. Acta Paediatr 2020; 109:2067-2074. [PMID: 32037650 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the phenotype and response to growth hormone in patients with heterozygous mutations in the insulin-like growth factor I receptor gene (IGF1R). METHODS Children with short stature, microcephaly, born SGA combined with biochemical sign of IGF-I insensitivity were analysed for IGF1R mutations or deletions using Sanger sequencing and Multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis. RESULTS In two families, a novel heterozygous non-synonymous missense IGF1R variant was identified. In family 1, c.3364G > T, p.(Gly1122Cys) was found in the proband and co-segregated perfectly with the phenotype in three generations. In family 2, a de novo variant c.3530G > A, p.(Arg1177His) was detected. Both variants were rare, not present in the GnomAD database. Three individuals carrying IGF1R mutations have received rhGH treatment. The average gain in height SDS during treatment was 0.42 (range: 0.26-0.60) and 0.64 (range: 0.32-0.86) after 1 and 2 years of treatment, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study presents two heterozygous IGF1R mutations causing pre- and postnatal growth failure and microcephaly and also indicates that individuals with heterozygous IGF1R mutations can respond to rhGH treatment. The findings highlight that sequencing of the IGF1R should be considered in children with microcephaly and short stature due to pre- and postnatal growth failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gkourogianni
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology Department of Women’s and Children’s Health Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Anenisia C. Andrade
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology Department of Women’s and Children’s Health Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Björn‐Anders Jonsson
- Department of Medical Biosciences Medical and Clinical Genetics Umeå University Umeå Sweden
| | - Emma Segerlund
- Department of Pediatrics Sunderby Hospital Sunderby Sweden
| | | | - Eva Horemuzova
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology Department of Women’s and Children’s Health Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jovanna Dahlgren
- Göteborg Pediatric Growth Research Center Department of Pediatrics Institute of Clinical Sciences Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Göteborg Sweden
| | - Magnus Burstedt
- Department of Medical Biosciences Medical and Clinical Genetics Umeå University Umeå Sweden
| | - Ola Nilsson
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology Department of Women’s and Children’s Health Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- School of Medical Sciences Örebro University and University Hospital Örebro Sweden
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15
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Rumrich I, Vähäkangas K, Viluksela M, Gissler M, de Ruyter H, Hänninen O. Effects of maternal smoking on body size and proportions at birth: a register-based cohort study of 1.4 million births. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e033465. [PMID: 32102814 PMCID: PMC7044904 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of our work was to analyse the effect of maternal smoking on body size and body proportions of newborns when the mother had smoked only during the first trimester, in comparison with continued smoking after the first trimester. Furthermore, we have evaluated how growth restriction associated with maternal smoking contributes to changes in body proportions. DESIGN Register-based cohort study SETTING: Maternal Exposure (MATEX) cohort identified from the Finnish Medical Birth Register. PARTICIPANTS Singleton births without congenital anomalies and missing data (1.38 million) from 1 January 1991 to 31 December 2016. METHODS Logistic regression was used to quantify the effect of maternal smoking, stratified by the maternal smoking status. OUTCOME MEASURES Body proportions indicated by low brain-to-body ratio (defined as <10th percentile); high ponderal index and high head-to-length ratio (defined as >90th percentile); small body size for gestational age at birth (defined as weight, length or head circumference <10th percentile) and preterm birth (<37 weeks) and low birth weight (2500 g). RESULTS Continued smoking after the first trimester was associated with high ponderal index (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.28), low brain-to-body ratio (1.11, 1.07-1.15) and high head-to-length ratio (1.22, 1.19-1.26), corresponding with absolute risks of 22%, 10% and 19%, respectively). The effects were slightly lower when smoking had been quit during the first trimester. Similar effects were seen for the body size variables and low birth weight. Preterm birth was not associated with smoking only during first trimester. CONCLUSIONS Maternal smoking, independent of smoking duration during pregnancy, was associated with abnormal body proportions resulting from larger reduction of length and head circumference in comparison to weight. The effects of having quit smoking during the first trimester and having continued smoking after the first trimester were similar, suggesting the importance of early pregnancy as a sensitive exposure window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Rumrich
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Science and Forestry, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi Vähäkangas
- School of Pharmacy/Toxicology, University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Viluksela
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Science and Forestry, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Pharmacy/Toxicology, University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mika Gissler
- Department of Information Services, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Hanna de Ruyter
- Unit for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Otto Hänninen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
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16
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Quitmann J, Bloemeke J, Dörr HG, Bullinger M, Witt S, Silva N. First-year predictors of health-related quality of life changes in short-statured children treated with human growth hormone. J Endocrinol Invest 2019; 42:1067-1076. [PMID: 30840207 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Little attention has been directed towards examining the impact of predictors on change in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) within the course of growth hormone (GH) treatment in pediatric short stature. We aimed to assess changes in HRQOL and its sociodemographic, clinical and psychosocial predictors in children and adolescents diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency (GHD), and born short for gestational age (SGA) before and 12-month after start of GH treatment from the parents' perspective. Results were compared with an untreated group with idiopathic short stature (ISS). In this prospective multicenter study, 152 parents of children/adolescents (aged 4-18 years) provided data on their children's HRQOL at baseline and at 12-month follow-up. METHOD Repeated-measures multivariate analyses of covariance were performed to examine parent-reported HRQOL changes from baseline to 1-year after treatment and hierarchical linear regressions to identify the predictors of HRQOL changes. RESULTS Results showed that parents of children that were treated with GH report an increase in their children's HRQOL after 1 year. Changes in HRQOL were mostly explained by psychosocial predictors followed by sociodemographic and clinical variables. Specifically, the diagnosis SGA significantly predicted a greater increase in parent-reported HRQOL. Furthermore, a lower caregiving burden significantly predicted a decrease in parent-reported HRQOL. CONCLUSION In conclusion, a substantial percentage of explained variance in HRQOL relates to psychosocial and sociodemographic predictors. However, there appears to be other important factors that are predictors of HRQOL, which need to be determined in large, population-based samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Quitmann
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - J Bloemeke
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - H-G Dörr
- Division Paediatric Endocrinology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Bullinger
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Witt
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - N Silva
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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17
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Salvatoni A, Moretti A, Grugni G, Agosti M, Azzolini S, Bonaita V, Cianci P, Corica D, Crinò A, Delvecchio M, Ferraris S, Greggio NA, Iughetti L, Licenziati MR, Madeo SF, Nosetti L, Pajno R, Rutigliano I, Sacco M, Salvatore S, Scarano E, Trifirò G, Wasniewska M. Anthropometric characteristics of newborns with Prader-Willi syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:2067-2074. [PMID: 31361394 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This is a retrospective multicenter nationwide Italian study collecting neonatal anthropometric data of Caucasian subjects with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) born from 1988 to 2018. The aim of the study is to provide percentile charts for weight and length of singletons with PWS born between 36 and 42 gestational weeks. We collected the birth weight and birth length of 252 male and 244 female singleton live born infants with both parents of Italian origin and PWS genetically confirmed. Percentile smoothed curves of birth weight and length for gestational age were built through Cole's lambda, mu, sigma method. The data were compared to normal Italian standards. Newborns with PWS showed a lower mean birth weight, by 1/2 kg, and a shorter mean birth length, by 1 cm, than healthy neonates. Females with a 15q11-13 deletion were shorter than those with maternal uniparental maternal disomy of chromosome 15 (p < .0001). The present growth curves may be useful as further traits in supporting a suspicion of PWS in a newborn. Because impaired prenatal growth increases risk of health problems later in life, having neonatal anthropometric standards could be helpful to evaluate possible correlations between the presence or absence of small gestational age and some clinical and metabolic aspects of PWS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Moretti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Graziano Grugni
- Division of Auxology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Verbania, Italy
| | - Massimo Agosti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Sara Azzolini
- Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Bonaita
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Paola Cianci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Domenico Corica
- Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and of the Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Crinò
- Endocrine Autoimmune Pathology Unit, Bambino Gesù Hospital-IRCCS, Palidoro (Rome), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Silvio Ferraris
- Department of Public and Pediatric Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nella A Greggio
- Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Maria R Licenziati
- Center for Obesity and Related Endocrine Diseases, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, AORN Santobono-Pausilipon, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona F Madeo
- Pediatric Unit, University of Modena e Reggio, Modena, Italy
| | - Luana Nosetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Roberta Pajno
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan
| | - Irene Rutigliano
- Pediatric Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Michele Sacco
- Pediatric Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Silvia Salvatore
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Emanuela Scarano
- Pediatric Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Malgorzata Wasniewska
- Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and of the Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Aguiar-Oliveira MH, Bartke A. Growth Hormone Deficiency: Health and Longevity. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:575-601. [PMID: 30576428 PMCID: PMC6416709 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The important role of GH in the control of mammalian longevity was first deduced from extended longevity of mice with genetic GH deficiency (GHD) or GH resistance. Mice with isolated GHD (IGHD) due to GHRH or GHRH receptor mutations, combined deficiency of GH, prolactin, and TSH, or global deletion of GH receptors live longer than do their normal siblings. They also exhibit multiple features of delayed and/or slower aging, accompanied by extension of healthspan. The unexpected, remarkable longevity benefit of severe endocrine defects in these animals presumably represents evolutionarily conserved trade-offs among aging, growth, maturation, fecundity, and the underlying anabolic processes. Importantly, the negative association of GH signaling with longevity extends to other mammalian species, apparently including humans. Data obtained in humans with IGHD type 1B, owing to a mutation of the GHRH receptor gene, in the Itabaianinha County, Brazil, provide a unique opportunity to study the impact of severe reduction in GH signaling on age-related characteristics, health, and functionality. Individuals with IGHD are characterized by proportional short stature, doll facies, high-pitched voices, and central obesity. They have delayed puberty but are fertile and generally healthy. Moreover, these IGHD individuals are partially protected from cancer and some of the common effects of aging and can attain extreme longevity, 103 years of age in one case. We think that low, but detectable, residual GH secretion combined with life-long reduction of circulating IGF-1 and with some tissue levels of IGF-1 and/or IGF-2 preserved may account for the normal longevity and apparent extension of healthspan in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
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19
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Postnatal management of growth failure in children born small for gestational age. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2019; 95 Suppl 1:23-29. [PMID: 30550759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To discuss the etiology and growth consequences of small size at birth and the indications, effects, and safety of biosynthetic growth hormone therapy in children born small for gestational age. SOURCE OF DATA A comprehensive and non-systematic search was carried out in the PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO databases from 1980 to the present day, using the terms "small for gestational age," "intrauterine growth restriction," and "growth hormone". The publications were critically selected by the authors. DATA SYNTHESIS Although the majority of children born small for gestational age show spontaneous catch-up growth during the first two years of life, some of them remain with short stature during childhood, with high risk of short stature in adult life. Treatment with growth hormone might be indicated, preferably after 2-4 years of age, in those small for gestational age children who remain short, without catch-up growth. Treatment aims to increase growth velocity and to reach a normal height during childhood and an adult height within target height. Response to growth hormone treatment is variable, with better growth response during the pre-pubertal period. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with growth hormone in short children born small for gestational age is safe and effective to improve adult height. Efforts should be done to identify the etiology of small size at birth before treatment.
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Cardoso‐Demartini AA, Boguszewski MC, Alves CA. Postnatal management of growth failure in children born small for gestational age. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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21
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Quitmann J, Bloemeke J, Silva N, Bullinger M, Witt S, Akkurt I, Dunstheimer D, Vogel C, Böttcher V, Kuhnle Krahl U, Bettendorf M, Schönau E, Fricke-Otto S, Keller A, Mohnike K, Dörr HG. Quality of Life of Short-Statured Children Born Small for Gestational Age or Idiopathic Growth Hormone Deficiency Within 1 Year of Growth Hormone Treatment. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:164. [PMID: 31111024 PMCID: PMC6501464 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aside from clinical endpoints like height gain, health-related quality of life has also become an important outcome indicator in the medical field. However, the data on short stature and health-related quality of life is inconsistent. Therefore, we examined changes in health-related quality of life in German children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency or children born small for gestational age before and after 12 months of human growth hormone treatment. Children with idiopathic short stature without treatment served as a comparison group. At baseline, health-related quality of life data of 154 patients with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (n = 65), born small for gestational age (n = 58), and idiopathic short stature (n = 31) and one parent each was collected. Of these, 130 completed health-related quality of life assessments after 1-year of human growth hormone treatment. Outcome measures included the Quality of Life in Short Stature Youth questionnaire, as well as clinical and sociodemographic data. Our results showed that the physical, social, and emotional health-related quality of life of children treated with human growth hormone significantly increased, while untreated patients with idiopathic short stature reported a decrease in these domains. Along with this, a statistically significant increase in height in the treated group can be observed, while the slight increase in the untreated group was not significant. In conclusion, the results showed that human growth hormone treatment may have a positive effect not only on height but also in improving patient-reported health-related quality of life of children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency and children born small for gestational age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Quitmann
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Janika Bloemeke
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Neuza Silva
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Monika Bullinger
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Witt
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ilker Akkurt
- Children and Adolescent Endocrinology, MVZ am AKK GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Vogel
- Clinic for Children and Adolescent Medicine, Chemnitz Hospital, Chemnitz, Germany
| | | | | | - Markus Bettendorf
- Center for Children and Adolescent Medicine, University Clinic of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Schönau
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University Clinic of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne Fricke-Otto
- Center for Children and Adolescent Medicine, HELIOS Hospital, Krefeld, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Mohnike
- University Children's Clinic, Otto von Geuricke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Helmuth-Günther Dörr
- Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Erlangen-Nürnberg Universtiy, Erlangen, Germany
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22
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Growth Hormone Treatment in Children Born Small for Gestational Age (SGA). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 39:143-149. [PMID: 30110258 DOI: 10.2478/prilozi-2018-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Growth failure is a common consequence in small for gestational age (SGA) children.
Patients and Methods: The growth patterns and serum insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF1) concentrations before and after the 1st year under growth hormone treatment of 32 short stature SGA born children have been evaluated. In addition, we investigated the insulin like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) exon 2 as a hotspot for IGF1R genetic alterations. It is of note that no dysmorphic features were observed in this group of children.
Results: The tests for pituitary reserve were within normal ranges for all 32 patients. Growth hormone (GH) treatment (0.037 mg/kg/day) was initiated at the mean age of 9.32±3.19 years. Growth velocity increased yearly from −1.80 SDS after the first year to −0.03 SDS in the sixth year of treatment. Their IGF1 serum concentrations before treatment were age and sex appropriate, while during treatment a significant increase was observed fitting in the upper third of the normal range: before the treatment IGF1 SDS was 0.84±1.78 after 1st year the concentrations increased to IGF1 SDS 0.94±2.23. No genetic alterations were found in the IGF1R exon 2 by PCR analysis.
Conclusions: Herein we present 32 short stature SGA children with no dysmorphic features treated with GH. They all had increased growth velocity and entered the normal growth range on their growth charts. No side-effects were observed. GH treatment in children with no genetic alterations on the IGF1R exon 2 is safe and efficient in treating SGA children with short stature.
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