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Balow SA, Coyan AG, Smith N, Russell BE, Monteil D, Hopkin RJ, Smolarek TA. Complex genomic rearrangements of the Y chromosome in a premature infant. Mol Cytogenet 2024; 17:19. [PMID: 39183314 PMCID: PMC11346217 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-024-00689-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromoanagenesis is an umbrella term used to describe catastrophic "all at once" cellular events leading to the chaotic reconstruction of chromosomes. It is characterized by numerous rearrangements involving a small number of chromosomes/loci, copy number gains in combination with deletions, reconstruction of chromosomal fragments with improper order/orientation, and preserved heterozygosity in copy number neutral regions. Chromoanagesis is frequently described in association with cancer; however, it has also been described in the germline. The clinical features associated with constitutional chromoanagenesis are typically due to copy number changes and/or disruption of genes or regulatory regions. CASE PRESENTATION We present an 8-year-old male patient with complex rearrangements of the Y chromosome including a ring Y chromosome, a derivative Y;21 chromosome, and a complex rearranged Y chromosome. These chromosomes were characterized by G-banded chromosome analysis, SNP microarray, interphase FISH, and metaphase FISH. The mechanism(s) by which these rearrangements occurred is unclear; however, it is evocative of chromoanagenesis. CONCLUSION This case is a novel example of suspected germline chromoanagenesis leading to large copy number changes that are well-tolerated, possibly because only the sex chromosomes are affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Balow
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Alyxis G Coyan
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nicki Smith
- Seton Center, Good Samaritan Hospital, TriHealth Hospital Systems, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bianca E Russell
- Department of Human Genetics, Division of Clinical Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Danielle Monteil
- Department of Pediatrics, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA, USA
| | - Robert J Hopkin
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Teresa A Smolarek
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Chromosome Abnormalities Related to Reproductive and Sexual Development Disorders: A 5-Year Retrospective Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8893467. [PMID: 34036105 PMCID: PMC8118731 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8893467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal abnormalities are the main genetic risk factor associated with reproductive and sexual development disorders (DSD). The goal of this study is to retrospectively evaluate the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in Moroccan subjects with problems of procreation or sexual ambiguity. A total of 1005 individuals, including 170 infertile couples, underwent cytogenetic analysis in the Cytogenetic Laboratory of the Pasteur Institute of Morocco. Heparinized blood samples were processed according to the standard karyotype method. A total (81.5%) of the patients studied had a normal karyotype, while the remaining (18.5%) patients had an abnormal karyotype. Female patients had more chromosomal abnormalities (52%) than male patients (48%). These chromosomal aberrations included 154 cases (83%) of sex chromosomal abnormalities, the most common being Turner's syndrome and Klinefelter's syndrome, and 31 cases (17%) had autosomal aberrations, especially chromosome 9 reversal (inv(9)(p12;q13)). The present data shows that among 170 couples, 10.6% had chromosomal abnormalities mainly involved in the occurrence of recurrent miscarriages. Genotype-phenotype correlations could not be made, and therefore, studies using more resolutive molecular biology techniques would be desirable.
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Xue H, Chen X, Lin M, Lin N, Huang H, Yu A, Xu L. Prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic identification of small supernumerary marker chromosomes: analysis of three prenatal cases using chromosome microarray analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:2135-2148. [PMID: 33318309 PMCID: PMC7880375 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Small supernumerary marker chromosomes cannot be accurately identified by G-banding, and the related phenotypes vary greatly. It is essential to specify the origin, size, and gene content of marker chromosomes using molecular cytogenetic techniques. Herein, three fetuses with de novo marker chromosomes were initially identified by G-banding. Single nucleotide polymorphism array and fluorescence in situ hybridization were performed to characterize the origins of the marker chromosomes. The karyotypes of the three fetuses were 47,XY,+mar, 46,X,+mar[32]/45,X[68], and 45,X[62]/46,X,+mar[9]. In case 1, the karyotype was confirmed as 47,XY,+ idic(22)(q11.2). Therefore, the sSMC originated from chromosome 22 and was associated with cat eye syndrome. In case 2, the marker chromosome derived from ring chromosome X, and the karyotype was interpreted as 45,X[68]/46,X,+r(X)(p11.1q21.31)[32]. Meanwhile, the karyotype of case 3 was defined as 45,X[62]/46,X,idic(Y)(q11.2) and the marker chromosome originated from chromosome Y. Case 1 continued the pregnancy, whereas the other two pregnancies underwent elective termination. The detailed characterization of marker chromosomes can facilitate informed decision making, prevent uncertainty, and provide proper prognostic assessments. Our findings emphasize the importance for combining cytogenetic and molecular genetic techniques in marker chromosome characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Xue
- Department of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Min Lin
- Department of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Na Lin
- Department of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Hailong Huang
- Department of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Aili Yu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Liangpu Xu
- Department of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, P.R. China
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Dai Y, Li H, Zhang X, Jia M, Gu X. A rare karyotype of nonmosaic isodicentric (Y) (p11.31) with azoospermia and short stature. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13536. [PMID: 32056260 DOI: 10.1111/and.13536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome aberration is one of the common causes of male infertility. Isodicentric chromosome is a chromosomal aberration in which two arms of a chromosome are identical in morphology and genetics and connected by two centromeres. We firstly reported a case of infertile male with nonmosaic 46, X, idic (Y) (qter-p11.31::p11.31-qter) but with the sex-determining region Y (SRY). The broken site is the chromosome Y (p11.31). The patients' clinical phenotype was azoospermia and short stature. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), chromosomal microarray comparative genomic hybridisation (array CGH) and related molecular analysis were performed. Azoospermia of this case may be caused by the abnormal chromosome structure, which leads to abnormal chromosome synapsis in spermatogenesis. Loss of genes in PAR1 and gain of genes copies in azoospermia factor (AZF) region on the Y chromosome may also contribute to the pathogenesis of azoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwan Dai
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huimin Li
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingzhu Jia
- Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuli Gu
- Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Wuhan, China
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Dumeige L, Chatelais L, Bouvattier C, De Kerdanet M, Hyon C, Esteva B, Samara-Boustani D, Zenaty D, Nicolino M, Baron S, Metz-Blond C, Naud-Saudreau C, Dupuis C, Léger J, Siffroi JP, Donadille B, Christin-Maitre S, Carel JC, Coutant R, Martinerie L. Should 45,X/46,XY boys with no or mild anomaly of external genitalia be investigated and followed up? Eur J Endocrinol 2018; 179:181-190. [PMID: 29973376 DOI: 10.1530/eje-18-0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few studies of patients with a 45,X/46,XY mosaicism have considered those with normal male phenotype. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of 45,X/46,XY boys born with normal or minor abnormalities of external genitalia, notably in terms of growth and pubertal development. METHODS Retrospective longitudinal study of 40 patients followed between 1982 and 2017 in France. RESULTS Twenty patients had a prenatal diagnosis, whereas 20 patients had a postnatal diagnosis, mainly for short stature. Most patients had stunted growth, with abnormal growth spurt during puberty and a mean adult height of 158 ± 7.6 cm, i.e. -2.3 DS with correction for target height. Seventy percent of patients presented Turner-like syndrome features including cardiac (6/23 patients investigated) and renal malformations (3/19 patients investigated). Twenty-two patients had minor abnormalities of external genitalia. One patient developed a testicular embryonic carcinoma, suggesting evidence of partial gonadal dysgenesis. Moreover, puberty occurred spontaneously in 93% of patients but 71% (n = 5) of those evaluated at the end of puberty presented signs of declined Sertoli cell function (low inhibin B levels and increased FSH levels). CONCLUSION This study emphasizes the need to identify and follow-up 45,X/46,XY patients born with normal male phenotype until adulthood, as they present similar prognosis than those born with severe genital anomalies. Currently, most patients are diagnosed in adulthood with azoospermia, consistent with our observations of decreased testicular function at the end of puberty. Early management of these patients may lead to fertility preservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Dumeige
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, CHU Robert Debré, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris and Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR-S1185, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Claire Bouvattier
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, CHU Bicêtre, Centre de Référence des Anomalies du Développement Génital, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Capucine Hyon
- Genetic Department, CHU Armand Trousseau, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Blandine Esteva
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, CHU Armand Trousseau, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Dinane Samara-Boustani
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, CHU Necker-Enfants Malades, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Zenaty
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, CHU Robert Debré, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris and Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marc Nicolino
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, CHU Lyon, Centre de Référence des Anomalies du Développement Génital, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Juliane Léger
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, CHU Robert Debré, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris and Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Siffroi
- Genetic Department, CHU Armand Trousseau, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Donadille
- Endocrinology Department, CHU St-Antoine, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Christin-Maitre
- Endocrinology Department, CHU St-Antoine, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Claude Carel
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, CHU Robert Debré, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris and Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Laetitia Martinerie
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, CHU Robert Debré, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris and Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR-S1185, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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Left-sided congenital heart lesions in mosaic Turner syndrome. Mol Genet Genomics 2017; 293:495-501. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-017-1398-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Nath Choudhury M, Uddin A, Chakraborty S. Codon usage bias and its influencing factors for Y-linked genes in human. Comput Biol Chem 2017; 69:77-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ravel C, Kazdar N, Leveque J. [Ovarian failure: New treatments in perspective?]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 44:56-62. [PMID: 26597936 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The premature loss of ovarian function may have physical and psychological consequences. A better understanding of its mechanism is therefore needed. Because they are affecting the oocyte quality, the decline of the ovarian reserve and high maternal age are implicated in many defects leading to chromosomal defects, modifications of gene expression or alterations of the mitochondrial pattern of the oocyte. However, cellular therapies such as ovarian follicle activation or isolation of ovarian stem cells are promising treatments of ovarian failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ravel
- Laboratoire de biologie de la reproduction, CHU de Rennes, 2, rue Henri-Le-Guillou, 35033 Rennes, France; Faculté de médecine, université Rennes 1, 35043 Rennes, France; Inserm, IRSET U1085, 263, avenue du Général-Leclerc, 35042 Rennes cedex, France.
| | - N Kazdar
- Laboratoire de biologie de la reproduction, CHU de Rennes, 2, rue Henri-Le-Guillou, 35033 Rennes, France; Faculté de médecine, université Rennes 1, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - J Leveque
- Service de gynécologie, CHU de Rennes, 2, rue Henri-Le-Guillou, 35033 Rennes, France
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Kalantari H, Asia S, Totonchi M, Vazirinasab H, Mansouri Z, Zarei Moradi S, Haratian K, Gourabi H, Mohseni Meybodi A. Delineating the association between isodicentric chromosome Y and infertility: a retrospective study. Fertil Steril 2014; 101:1091-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Charania JS, Salaskar VV. 46XY Disorder of Sexual Development in Menstrual Dysfunction. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2013; 63:190-3. [DOI: 10.1007/s13224-012-0303-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Martinerie L, Morel Y, Gay CL, Pienkowski C, de Kerdanet M, Cabrol S, Lecointre C, Coutant R, Baron S, Colle M, Brauner R, Thibaud E, Leger J, Nihoul-Fekete C, Bouvattier C. Impaired puberty, fertility, and final stature in 45,X/46,XY mixed gonadal dysgenetic patients raised as boys. Eur J Endocrinol 2012; 166:687-94. [PMID: 22236473 DOI: 10.1530/eje-11-0756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Gender assignment followed by surgery and hormonal therapy is a difficult decision in the management of 45,X/46,XY patients with abnormal external genitalia at birth considering the paucity of studies evaluating pubertal development and fertility outcome, most notably for patients raised as boys. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to describe the pubertal course of 20 45,X/46,XY patients born with ambiguous genitalia and raised as boys. METHODS This is a multicenter retrospective study. RESULTS Mean age at study was 25.6±2.4 years. Eighty-five percent of the patients presented a 'classical' mixed gonadal dysgenetic phenotype at birth. Puberty was initially spontaneous in all but three boys, although in six other patients, testosterone therapy was subsequently necessary for completion of puberty. Sixty-seven percent of the remaining patients presented signs of declined testicular function at the end of puberty (increased levels of FSH and low levels of testosterone and/or inhibin B). Moreover, an abnormal structure of the Y chromosome, known to alter fertility, was found in 10 out of 16 (63%) patients. Two patients developed testicular cancer. Half of the patients have adult penile length of <80 mm. Mean adult height is 156.9±2 cm, regardless of GH treatment. CONCLUSIONS In summary, 45,X/46,XY children born with ambiguous genitalia and raised as boys have an altered pubertal course and impaired fertility associated with adult short stature, which should, therefore, be taken into consideration for the management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Martinerie
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, Bicêtre Hospital, 78 Rue du Général Leclerc, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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El Moussaif N, Haddad NE, Iraqi N, Gaouzi A. 45,X/46,XY mosaicisme: Report of five cases and clinical review. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2011; 72:239-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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