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Brand J, Yeum D, Stewart T, Emond JA, Gilbert-Diamond D. The associations between attentional bias to food cues, parent-report appetitive traits, and concurrent adiposity among adolescents. Eat Behav 2024; 53:101874. [PMID: 38636439 PMCID: PMC11144077 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2024.101874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether attentional bias to food cues and appetitive traits are independently and interactively associated with adiposity in adolescents. METHOD Eighty-five adolescents, 14-17-years had their attentional bias to food images measured in a sated state by computing eye tracking measures of attention (first fixation duration, cumulative fixation duration) to food and control distractor images that bordered a computer game. Parents reported adolescent appetitive traits including the food approach domains of enjoyment of food, food responsiveness, emotional overeating, and the food avoidance domains of satiety responsiveness and emotional overeating through the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire. RESULTS First fixation bias to food cues was positively associated with enjoyment of food, and negatively associated with satiety responsiveness. In a series of regression models adjusted for relevant covariates, first fixation bias to food cues (β = 0.83, p = 0.007), higher food responsiveness (β = 0.74, p < 0.001), higher emotional overeating (β = 0.51, p = 0.002), and a composite appetite score (β = 1.42, p < 0.001) were each significantly associated with greater BMI z-scores. In models assessing the interactive effects between attentional bias and appetitive traits, higher first fixation bias to food cues interacted synergistically with food responsiveness and emotional overeating in relation to BMI z-score. A synergistic interaction between first fixation bias to food cues and the composite appetite score in relation to BMI z-score was also observed. CONCLUSION Individuals with high attentional bias to food cues and obesogenic appetitive traits may be particularly susceptible to weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Brand
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States; Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, United States.
| | - Dabin Yeum
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Tessa Stewart
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Jennifer A Emond
- Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States; Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Diane Gilbert-Diamond
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States; Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States; Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
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2
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Ji S, Yang F, Li X. Spontaneous neural activity in the three principal networks underlying delay discounting: a resting-state fMRI study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1320830. [PMID: 38370559 PMCID: PMC10869524 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1320830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Delay discounting, the decline in the subjective value of future rewards over time, has traditionally been understood through a tripartite neural network model, comprising the valuation, cognitive control, and prospection networks. To investigate the applicability of this model in a resting-state context, we employed a monetary choice questionnaire to quantify delay discounting and utilized resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to explore the role of spontaneous brain activity, specifically regional homogeneity (ReHo), in influencing individual differences in delay discounting across a large cohort (N = 257). Preliminary analyses revealed a significant negative correlation between delay discounting tendencies and the ReHo in both the left insula and the right hippocampus, respectively. Subsequent resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) analyses, using these regions as seed ROIs, disclosed that all implicated brain regions conform to the three principal networks traditionally associated with delay discounting. Our findings offer novel insights into the role of spontaneous neural activity in shaping individual variations in delay discounting at both regional and network levels, providing the first empirical evidence supporting the applicability of the tripartite network model in a resting-state context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xueting Li
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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3
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Huang Z, Zhang X, Yang X, Ding S, Cai J. Aberrant brain intra- and internetwork functional connectivity in children with Prader-Willi syndrome. Neuroradiology 2024; 66:135-144. [PMID: 38001311 PMCID: PMC10761436 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-023-03259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) suffers from brain functional reorganization and developmental delays during childhood, but the underlying neurodevelopmental mechanism is unclear. This paper aims to investigate the intra- and internetwork functional connectivity (FC) changes, and their relationships with developmental delays in PWS children. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging datasets of PWS children and healthy controls (HCs) were acquired. Independent component analysis was used to acquire core resting-state networks (RSNs). The intra- and internetwork FC patterns were then investigated. RESULTS In terms of intranetwork FC, children with PWS had lower FC in the dorsal attention network, the auditory network, the medial visual network (VN) and the sensorimotor network (SMN) than HCs (FWE-corrected, p < 0.05). In terms of internetwork FC, PWS children had decreased FC between the following pairs of regions: posterior default mode network (DMN) and anterior DMN; posterior DMN and SMN; SMN and posterior VN and salience network and medial VN (FDR-corrected, p < 0.05). Partial correlation analyses revealed that the intranetwork FC patterns were positively correlated with developmental quotients in PWS children, while the internetwork FC patterns were completely opposite (p < 0.05). Intranetwork FC patterns showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.947, with a sensitivity of 96.15% and a specificity of 81.25% for differentiating between PWS and HCs. CONCLUSION Impaired intra- and internetwork FC patterns in PWS children are associated with developmental delays, which may result from neural pathway dysfunctions. Intranetwork FC reorganization patterns can discriminate PWS children from HCs. REGISTRATION NUMBER ON THE CHINESE CLINICAL TRAIL REGISTRY ChiCTR2100046551.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxin Huang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road 400014, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xiangmin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road 400014, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road 400014, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Shuang Ding
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road 400014, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jinhua Cai
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road 400014, Chongqing, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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4
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Chen L, Thapaliya G, Papantoni A, Benson L, Carnell S. Neural correlates of appetite in adolescents. Appetite 2023; 191:107076. [PMID: 37806450 PMCID: PMC10997743 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Appetitive characteristics are associated with child adiposity, but their biological underpinnings are unclear. We sought to investigate the neural correlates of psychometric and behavioral measures of appetitive characteristics in youth. Adolescents (14-18y; 39F, 37M) varying in familial obesity risk and body weight (20% with overweight, 24% with obesity) viewed pictures of high energy-density (ED) foods, low-ED foods and non-foods during fMRI scanning on two separate days. On one day participants consumed a 474 ml preload of water (0 kcal, fasted) and on another (counter-balanced) 474 ml milkshake (480 kcal, fed), before scanning. A multi-item ad libitum meal (ALM) followed scanning. Parents completed Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) sub-scales assessing food approach and food self-regulation. Caloric compensation was calculated as the percentage of preload intake compensated for by down-regulation of ALM intake in the fed vs. fasted condition. Analyses correcting for multiple comparisons demonstrated that, for the fasted condition, higher CEBQ Food Responsiveness scores were associated with greater activation to high-ED (vs. low-ED) foods in regions implicated in food reward (insula, rolandic operculum, putamen). In addition, higher caloric compensation was associated with greater fed vs. fasted activations in response to foods (vs. non-foods) in thalamus and supramarginal gyrus. Uncorrected analyses provided further support for associations of different measures of appetitive characteristics with brain responses to food cues in each condition. Measures of appetitive characteristics demonstrated overlapping and distinct associations with patterns of brain activation elicited by food cues in fasted and fed states. Understanding the neural basis of appetitive characteristics could aid development of biobehaviorally-informed obesity interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA
| | - G Thapaliya
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA
| | - A Papantoni
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA
| | - L Benson
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA
| | - S Carnell
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA.
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Carnell S, Thapaliya G, Jansen E, Chen L. Biobehavioral susceptibility for obesity in childhood: Behavioral, genetic and neuroimaging studies of appetite. Physiol Behav 2023; 271:114313. [PMID: 37544571 PMCID: PMC10591980 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Modern food environments are conducive to overeating and weight gain, but not everyone develops obesity. One reason for this may be that individuals differ in appetitive characteristics, or traits, that manifest early in life and go on to influence their behavioral susceptibility to gain and maintain excess weight. Classic studies showing that eating behavior in children can be measured by behavioral paradigms such as tests of caloric compensation and eating in the absence of hunger inspired the development and validation of psychometric instruments to assess appetitive characteristics in children and infants. A large body of evidence now suggests that food approach traits increase obesity risk, while food avoidant traits, such as satiety responsiveness, decrease obesity risk. Twin studies and genetic association studies have demonstrated that appetitive characteristics are heritable, consistent with a biological etiology. However, family environment factors are also influential, with mounting evidence suggesting that genetic and environmental risk factors interact and correlate with consequences for child eating behavior and weight. Further, neuroimaging studies are revealing that individual differences in responses to visual food cues, as well as to small tastes and larger amounts of food, across a number of brain regions involved in reward/motivation, cognitive control and other functions, may contribute to individual variation in appetitive behavior. Growing evidence also suggests that variation on psychometric measures of appetite is associated with regional differences in brain structure, and differential patterns of resting state functional connectivity. Large prospective studies beginning in infancy promise to enrich our understanding of neural and other biological underpinnings of appetite and obesity development in early life, and how the interplay between genetic and environmental factors affects appetitive systems. The biobehavioral susceptibility model of obesity development and maintenance outlined in this narrative review has implications for prevention and treatment of obesity in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Carnell
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA.
| | - Gita Thapaliya
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Elena Jansen
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Liuyi Chen
- Division of Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
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Sadler JR, Thapaliya G, Ranganath K, Gabay A, Chen L, Smith KR, Osorio RS, Convit A, Carnell S. Paediatric obesity and metabolic syndrome associations with cognition and the brain in youth: Current evidence and future directions. Pediatr Obes 2023; 18:e13042. [PMID: 37202148 PMCID: PMC10826337 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with differences in brain structure and function and in general and food-related cognition in adults. Here, we review evidence for similar phenomena in children and adolescents, with a focus on the implications of extant research for possible underlying mechanisms and potential interventions for obesity and MetS in youth. Current evidence is limited by a relative reliance on small cross-sectional studies. However, we find that youth with obesity and MetS or MetS components show differences in brain structure, including alterations in grey matter volume and cortical thickness across brain regions subserving reward, cognitive control and other functions, as well as in white matter integrity and volume. Children with obesity and MetS components also show some evidence for hyperresponsivity of food reward regions and hyporesponsivity of cognitive control circuits during food-related tasks, altered brain responses to food tastes, and altered resting-state connectivity including between cognitive control and reward processing networks. Potential mechanisms for these findings include neuroinflammation, impaired vascular reactivity, and effects of diet and obesity on myelination and dopamine function. Future observational research using longitudinal measures, improved sampling strategies and study designs, and rigorous statistical methods, promises to further illuminate dynamic relationships and causal mechanisms. Intervention studies targeted at modifiable biological and behavioural factors associated with paediatric obesity and MetS can further inform mechanisms, as well as test whether brain and behaviour can be altered for beneficial outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R. Sadler
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gita Thapaliya
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kushi Ranganath
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea Gabay
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Liuyi Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kimberly R. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ricardo S. Osorio
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, USA
| | - Antonio Convit
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, USA
| | - Susan Carnell
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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7
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Grigorian A, Kennedy KG, Luciw NJ, MacIntosh BJ, Goldstein BI. Obesity and Cerebral Blood Flow in the Reward Circuitry of Youth With Bipolar Disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 25:448-456. [PMID: 35092432 PMCID: PMC9211014 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with elevated body mass index (BMI) and increased rates of obesity. Obesity among individuals with BD is associated with more severe course of illness. Motivated by previous research on BD and BMI in youth as well as brain findings in the reward circuit, the current study investigates differences in cerebral blood flow (CBF) in youth BD with and without comorbid overweight/obesity (OW/OB). METHODS Participants consisted of youth, ages 13-20 years, including BD with OW/OB (BDOW/OB; n = 25), BD with normal weight (BDNW; n = 55), and normal-weight healthy controls (HC; n = 61). High-resolution T1-weighted and pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling images were acquired using 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging. CBF differences were assessed using both region of interest and whole-brain voxel-wise approaches. RESULTS Voxel-wise analysis revealed significantly higher CBF in reward-associated regions in the BDNW group relative to the HC and BDOW/OB groups. CBF did not differ between the HC and BDOW/OB groups. There were no significant region of interest findings. CONCLUSIONS The current study identified distinct CBF levels relating to BMI in BD in the reward circuit, which may relate to underlying differences in cerebral metabolism, compensatory effects, and/or BD severity. Future neuroimaging studies are warranted to examine for changes in the CBF-OW/OB link over time and in relation to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahit Grigorian
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Department of Child and Youth Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kody G Kennedy
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Department of Child and Youth Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Luciw
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Correspondence: Benjamin I. Goldstein, MD, PhD, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 80 Workman Way, Toronto, ON, Canada, M6J 1H4 ()
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8
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Nakamura Y, Koike S. Association of Disinhibited Eating and Trait of Impulsivity With Insula and Amygdala Responses to Palatable Liquid Consumption. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:647143. [PMID: 34012386 PMCID: PMC8128107 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.647143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating behavior is not only influenced by the current energy balance, but also by the behavioral characteristics of eating. One of the recognized eating behavior constructs is ‘disinhibited eating,’ which refers to the tendency to overeat in response to negative emotional states or the presence of highly palatable foods. Food-related disinhibition is involved in binge eating, weight gain, and obesity and is also associated with the trait of impulsivity, which in turn, is linked to weight gain or maladaptive eating. However, the relationships among food-related disinhibition, the trait of impulsivity, and the neural substrates of eating behaviors in adolescence remain unclear. Therefore, we designed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study to examine the associations between brain responses to palatable liquid consumption and disinhibited eating behavior or impulsivity in healthy adolescents. Thirty-four adolescents (mean age ± standard deviation = 17.12 ± 1.91 years, age range = 14–19 years, boys = 15, girls = 19) participated in this study. Disinhibited eating was assessed with the disinhibition subscale of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, while impulsivity was assessed using the Barratt impulsiveness scale. Participants received two fMRI sessions−a palatable liquid consumption fMRI and a resting-state fMRI. The fMRI experiment showed that increased disinhibited eating was positively associated with a greater insular response to palatable liquid consumption, while increased impulsivity was positively correlated with a greater amygdala response. The resting-state fMRI experiment showed that increased disinhibited eating was positively correlated with strengthened intrinsic functional connectivity between the insula and the amygdala, adjusting for sex (estimates of the beta coefficients = 0.146, standard error = 0.068, p = 0.040). Given that the amygdala and insular cortex are structurally and functionally connected and involved in trait impulsivity and ingestive behavior, our findings suggest that increased disinhibited eating would be associated with impulsivity via strengthened intrinsic functional connectivity between the insula and amygdala and linked to maladaptive eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Nakamura
- UTokyo Center for Integrative Science of Human Behavior, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- UTokyo Center for Integrative Science of Human Behavior, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence, The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, Tokyo, Japan.,UTokyo Institute for Diversity and Adaptation of Human Mind, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Abstract
Restrained eating is a popular weight loss strategy for young women that tends to have limited effectiveness over extended periods of time. Although previous studies have explored and identified possible personality and behavior differences between successful and unsuccessful restrained eaters (REs), there has been a paucity of research on neurophysiological differences.Towards addressing this gap, we assessed brain resting state (Rs) differences in groups of unsuccessful REs (N = 39) and successful REs (N = 31). In line with hypotheses, unsuccessful REs displayed reduced regional homogeneity in brain regions involved in cognitive control (inferior parietal lobe) compared to successful REs. Regions involved in conflict monitoring (anterior cingulate cortex) were also observed to be comparatively less active in the unsuccessful RE group. Finally, based on analyses of independent components and seed-based functional connectivity, regions involved in conflict monitoring and cognitive control, especially those localized within the frontoparietal network, showed weaker connectivities among unsuccessful REs compared to their successful counterparts.These results underscore specific brain Rs differences between successful REs and unsuccessful REs in regions implicated in cognitive control and conflict monitoring.
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10
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Charroud C, Poulen G, Sanrey E, Menjot de Champfleur N, Deverdun J, Coubes P, Le Bars E. Task- and Rest-based Functional Brain Connectivity in Food-related Reward Processes among Healthy Adolescents. Neuroscience 2021; 457:196-205. [PMID: 33484819 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is known that the nucleus accumbens, orbitofrontal cortex and insula play a role in food-related reward processes. Although their interconnectedness would be an ideal topic for understanding food intake mechanisms, it nevertheless remains unclear especially in adolescent. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of hunger on functional connectivity in healthy adolescents using task- and rest-based imaging. Fifteen participants underwent two MRI sessions, pre-lunch (hunger) and post-lunch (satiety), including food cue task and resting-state. During task- and rest-based imaging, functional connectivity was greater when hungry as opposed to satiated between the right posterior insula/nucleus accumbens, suggesting involvement of salient interoceptive stimuli signals. During task-based imaging, an increase was observed in functional connectivity when hungry as opposed to satiated between the medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortex which contributes to the perception of food deprivation as a frustration. A decrease was identified when hungry as opposed to satiated in functional connectivity in the right anterior orbitofrontal/accumbens and posterior insula/medial orbitofrontal cortices reflecting suppression of the affective and sensorial information. Conversely, functional connectivity was increased during aversive stimuli between the right medial orbitofrontal cortex and right posterior insula when hungry as opposed to satiated. This suggests that the value of valence could occur in the shift in connectivity between these two regions. In addition, during rest-based imaging, a left-sided lateralization was reported (accumbens/lateral orbitofrontal and accumbens/posterior insula) when hungry as opposed to satiated which may represent changes in internal state due to focus on the benefit of an upcoming meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Charroud
- Unité de recherche sur les comportements et mouvements anormaux (URCMA, IGF, INSERM U661 UMR 5203), Department of Neurosurgery, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Gaëtan Poulen
- Unité de recherche sur les comportements et mouvements anormaux (URCMA, IGF, INSERM U661 UMR 5203), Department of Neurosurgery, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Unité de pathologie cérébrale résistante, Department of Neurosurgery, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Emily Sanrey
- Unité de recherche sur les comportements et mouvements anormaux (URCMA, IGF, INSERM U661 UMR 5203), Department of Neurosurgery, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Unité de pathologie cérébrale résistante, Department of Neurosurgery, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Menjot de Champfleur
- Institut d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle Humaine, I2FH, Department of Neuroradiology, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérémy Deverdun
- Institut d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle Humaine, I2FH, Department of Neuroradiology, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Coubes
- Unité de recherche sur les comportements et mouvements anormaux (URCMA, IGF, INSERM U661 UMR 5203), Department of Neurosurgery, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Unité de pathologie cérébrale résistante, Department of Neurosurgery, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuelle Le Bars
- Institut d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle Humaine, I2FH, Department of Neuroradiology, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Shearrer GE, Sadler JR, Papantoni A, Burger KS. Earlier onset of menstruation is related to increased body mass index in adulthood and altered functional correlations between visual, task control and somatosensory brain networks. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12891. [PMID: 32939874 PMCID: PMC8045982 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Later onset of puberty has been associated with lower body mass index (BMI) in adulthood independent of childhood BMI. However, how the relationship between time of onset of puberty and BMI in adulthood is associated with neurocognitive outcomes is largely unstudied. In the present study, women were sampled from the Human Connectome Project 1200 parcellation, timeseries and netmats1 release (PTN) release. Inclusion criteria were: four (15 minutes) resting state fMRI scans, current measured BMI, self-reported age at onset of menstruation (a proxy of age at onset of puberty) and no endocrine complications (eg, polycystic ovarian syndrome). The effect of age at onset of menstruation, measured BMI at scan date and the interaction of age at onset of menstruation by BMI on brain functional correlation was modelled using fslnets (https://fsl.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl/fslwiki/FSLNets) controlling for race and age at scan. Corrected significance was set at a family-wise error probability (pFWE) < 0.05. A final sample of n = 510 (age 29.5 years ± 3.6, BMI at scan 25.9 ± 5.6 and age at onset of menstruation 12.7 ± 1.6 were included. Age at onset of menstruation was negatively associated with BMI at scan (r = - 0.19, P < 0.001). The interaction between age at onset of menstruation and BMI at scan was associated with stronger correlation between a somatosensory and visual network (t = 3.45, pFWE = 0.026) and a visual network and cingulo-opercular task control network (t = 4.74, pFWE = 0.0002). Post-hoc analyses of behavioural/cognitive measures showed no effect of the interaction between BMI and age at onset of menstruation on behavioural/cognitive measures. However, post-hoc analyses of heritability showed adult BMI and the correlation between the visual and somatosensory networks have high heritability. In sum, we report increased correlation between visual, taste-associated and self-control brain regions in women at high BMI with later age at onset of menstruation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Shearrer
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Institute, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer R Sadler
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Afroditi Papantoni
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kyle S Burger
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Institute, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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12
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Donofry SD, Stillman CM, Erickson KI. A review of the relationship between eating behavior, obesity and functional brain network organization. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 15:1157-1181. [PMID: 31680149 PMCID: PMC7657447 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsz085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health issue affecting nearly 40% of American adults and is associated with increased mortality and elevated risk for a number of physical and psychological illnesses. Obesity is associated with impairments in executive functions such as decision making and inhibitory control, as well as in reward valuation, which is thought to contribute to difficulty sustaining healthy lifestyle behaviors, including adhering to a healthy diet. Growing evidence indicates that these impairments are accompanied by disruptions in functional brain networks, particularly those that support self-regulation, reward valuation, self-directed thinking and homeostatic control. Weight-related differences in task-evoked and resting-state connectivity have most frequently been noted in the executive control network (ECN), salience network (SN) and default mode network (DMN), with obesity generally being associated with weakened connectivity in the ECN and enhanced connectivity in the SN and DMN. Similar disruptions have been observed in the much smaller literature examining the relationship between diet and disordered eating behaviors on functional network organization. The purpose of this narrative review was to summarize what is currently known about how obesity and eating behavior relate to functional brain networks, describe common patterns and provide recommendations for future research based on the identified gaps in knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon D Donofry
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 15260, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15213, PA, USA
| | - Chelsea M Stillman
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15213, PA, USA
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15213, PA, USA
- The Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, 15213, PA, USA
- Discipline of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
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13
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Al-Zubaidi A, Iglesias S, Stephan KE, Buades-Rotger M, Heldmann M, Nolde JM, Kirchner H, Mertins A, Jauch-Chara K, Münte TF. Effects of hunger, satiety and oral glucose on effective connectivity between hypothalamus and insular cortex. Neuroimage 2020; 217:116931. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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14
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de Celis-Alonso B, Hidalgo-Tobón SS, Barragán-Pérez E, Castro-Sierra E, Dies-Suárez P, Garcia J, Moreno-Barbosa E, Arias-Carrión O. Different Food Odors Control Brain Connectivity in Impulsive Children. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:63-77. [PMID: 30394220 DOI: 10.2174/1871527317666181105105113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity is a complex multi-dimensional combination of behaviors which include: ineffective impulse control, premature decision-making and inability to delay gratification. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to explore how food odor perception and its emotional value is affected in impulsive children. METHODS Here we compared two cohorts of impulsive and control children with ages between 10 and 16 years. Both groups underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment, in which foodrelated odor-cues were presented to all of them. RESULTS Differences in regions of blood oxygen level dependent activation, as well as connectivity, were calculated. Activations were significant for all odors in the impulsive group in the temporal lobe, cerebellum, supplementary motor area, frontal cortex, medial cingulate cortex, insula, precuneus, precentral, para-hippocampal and calcarine cortices. CONCLUSION Connectivity results showed that the expected emotional reward, based on odor perceived and processed in temporal lobes, was the main cue driving responses of impulsive children. This was followed by self-consciousness, the sensation of interaction with the surroundings and feelings of comfort and happiness, modulated by the precuneus together with somatosensory cortex and cingulum. Furthermore, reduced connectivity to frontal areas as well as to other sensory integration areas (piriform cortex), combined to show different sensory processing strategies for olfactory emotional cues in impulsive children. Finally, we hypothesize that the cerebellum plays a pivotal role in modulating decision-making for impulsive children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benito de Celis-Alonso
- Facultad de Ciencias Fisico Matematicas, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla. Puebla, Puebla, Mexico, Address: Avenida San Claudio y 18 Sur, Colonia San Manuel, Edificio FM1-101B, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Silvia S Hidalgo-Tobón
- Departamento de Imagenologia, Hospital Infantil de Mexico "Federico Gomez", Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico, Address: Calle Dr. Marquez 162, Cuauhtemoc, 06720 Ciudad de Mexico, CDMX, Mexico.,Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana - Iztapalapa, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico, Address: Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Leyes de Reforma 1ra Secc, 09340 Ciudad de Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Barragán-Pérez
- Departamento de Neurologia, Hospital Infantil de Mexico "Federico Gomez", Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico, Address: Calle Dr. Marquez 162, Cuauhtemoc, 06720 Ciudad de Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Castro-Sierra
- Departamento de Imagenologia, Hospital Infantil de Mexico "Federico Gomez", Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico, Address: Calle Dr. Marquez 162, Cuauhtemoc, 06720 Ciudad de Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Pilar Dies-Suárez
- Departamento de Imagenologia, Hospital Infantil de Mexico "Federico Gomez", Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico, Address: Calle Dr. Marquez 162, Cuauhtemoc, 06720 Ciudad de Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Julio Garcia
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada, Address: 2500 University Dr. NW Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eduardo Moreno-Barbosa
- Facultad de Ciencias Fisico Matematicas, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla. Puebla, Puebla, Mexico, Address: Avenida San Claudio y 18 Sur, Colonia San Manuel, Edificio FM1-101B, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Oscar Arias-Carrión
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueno/Centro de Innovacion Medica Aplicada, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Address: Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Belisario Dominguez Secc. 16, 14080 Tlalpan, CDMX, Mexico
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15
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Shapiro ALB, Johnson SL, Sutton B, Legget KT, Dabelea D, Tregellas JR. Eating in the absence of hunger in young children is related to brain reward network hyperactivity and reduced functional connectivity in executive control networks. Pediatr Obes 2019; 14:e12502. [PMID: 30659756 PMCID: PMC6684353 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent work has implicated disinhibited eating behaviours (DEB) as a potential pathway toward obesity development in children. However, the underlying neurobiology of disinhibited eating behaviours in young, healthy weight children, prior to obesity development, remains unknown. OBJECTIVES This study tested the relationship between DEB and intrinsic neuronal activity and connectivity in young children without obesity. METHODS Brain networks implicated in overeating including reward, salience and executive control networks, and the default mode network were investigated. DEB was measured by the eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) paradigm with postlunch kilocalories consumed from highly palatable foods (EAH kcal) used as the predictor. Intrinsic neuronal activity within and connectivity between specified networks were measured via resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Eighteen typically developing children (mean age = 5.8 years) were included. RESULTS EAH kcal was positively associated with activity of the nucleus accumbens, a major reward network hub (P < 0.05, corrected). EAH kcal was negatively associated with intrinsic prefrontal cortex connectivity to the striatum (P < 0.01, corrected). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that neural aspects of DEB are detectable in young children without obesity, providing a potential tool to better understand the development of obesity in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L. B. Shapiro
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado at Anschutz Medical Campus (CU-Anschutz)
| | | | - Brianne Sutton
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado at Anschutz Medical Campus (CU-Anschutz)
| | - Kristina T. Legget
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado at Anschutz Medical Campus (CU-Anschutz)
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, CU-Anschutz
| | - Jason R. Tregellas
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado at Anschutz Medical Campus (CU-Anschutz)
- Research Service, Denver Veteran’s Administration Medical Center
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Boswell N, Byrne R, Davies PSW. Aetiology of eating behaviours: A possible mechanism to understand obesity development in early childhood. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 95:438-448. [PMID: 30391377 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is an issue of public health concern that is understood to emerge due to disequilibrium in energy homeostasis. This commentary explores literature regarding neuro-biological mechanisms of energy homeostasis and the relationship between subjective measures of children's eating behaviours and objective measures of appetite, in order to better understand the aetiology of childhood obesity. Early life influences, such as in utero exposure, breastfeeding, and general disadvantage, appear to have an important influence on neuro-biological mechanisms of appetite and may contribute to inequitable distributions of obesity within the population. Subject measures of eating behaviours appear to capture various aspects of neuro-biologically driven (objective) appetite systems, however, these systems are complex, interdependent and not yet fully understood. Future research focusing attention on early life influences on appetite and eating behaviours is warranted to increase understanding of differences in rates of obesity within the population, to determine opportunities for targeted obesity prevention initiatives, and to explore the potential to measure change in eating behaviours as a marker of appetite and obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Boswell
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD, Australia.
| | - Rebecca Byrne
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD, Australia.
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Eating behavior traits associated with demographic variables and implications for obesity outcomes in early childhood. Appetite 2017; 120:482-490. [PMID: 29024677 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite ongoing investigation of children's eating behaviors to better understand the etiology of childhood obesity, few studies have aimed to determine differences in eating behavior based on psycho-social variables reflective of 'stressful' life circumstance. Cross-sectional data collected from parents of 977 Australian children (2.0-5.0 years) in an online survey was used to determine associations between parent-reported Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire [CEBQ] sub-scales, child BMI z-scores and psycho-social variables. When examined individually, all CEBQ sub-scales, except Slowness in Eating, were associated with BMI z-score (Food Responsiveness B = 0.226, p = 0.003, Enjoyment of Food B = 0.169, p = 0.035, Food Fussiness B = -0.139, p = 0.024, Satiety Responsiveness B = -0.318, p = 0.001). On examining CEBQ sub-scales along with psycho-social demographic variables, only Food Responsiveness and Satiety Responsiveness were retained, along with being a boy, child age, and parent BMI. Food Responsiveness was positively associated with parental stress and child age and negatively with parent BMI, while Enjoyment of Food was positively associated with child sleep duration, single parent status, and negatively with breastfeeding less than 6 months and parental depression. Satiety Responsiveness was positively associated with parent BMI and child age, and negatively with child sleep duration, while Food Fussiness was positively associated with child age and breastfeeding less than 6 months, and negatively with sleep duration, parental depression and single parent status. Attention to eating behaviors and associated psycho-social variables may provide opportunity for targeted obesity prevention initiatives.
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