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Mohani MR, Phansopkar P, Seth NH, Fokmare PS. The Prevalence of Nomophobia in Medical Undergraduate Students of Central India. Cureus 2024; 16:e57056. [PMID: 38681298 PMCID: PMC11051670 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nomophobia is an emerging phobia resulting from people's excessive interaction with mobile phones. This phobia is rapidly increasing due to significant technological innovations and widespread acceptance and usage of mobile phones worldwide. Nomophobia is often associated with complications such as panic attacks, irritability, and anxiety. Smartphone usage is particularly high among the younger population, raising concerns as it generates distress and leads to various problems. This study aims to determine the prevalence of nomophobia among undergraduates. Method The study utilized the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) with a minimum sample size of 136. A total of 300 Google Forms (Google, Mountain View, California) were circulated, out of which 172 responses were received. A Google Form comprising 20 questions related to smartphone use and nomophobia was designed and distributed to all undergraduate students, who were requested to complete the form. The data based on their responses were subsequently analyzed. Results In this study, approximately 31.40% of students disagreed with experiencing panic when running out of credits or hitting monthly data limits. Additionally, 24.42% of students agreed that not having smartphones made them worried, as their family and friends could not contact them. About 16.86% of students strongly disagreed with feeling uneasy because they could not stay updated without their phones. Furthermore, 16.28% strongly agreed that they felt anxious due to the inability to contact their family and friends when not having smartphones. Conclusion It can be concluded from this study that nomophobia is present among undergraduate students. The overall usage of smartphones has increased in this population, highlighting the emergence of a serious disorder that warrants attention. Consequently, the usage of smartphones should be reduced through structured training programs, as this proves to be an effective method for enhancing undergraduates' understanding of the prevention and treatment of nomophobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahek R Mohani
- Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Pratik Phansopkar
- Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Nikita H Seth
- Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Pranali S Fokmare
- Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Ceobanu CM, Marian AL, Apostolache R. Glimpse on 21st century new phobias; a predictive model of nomophobia. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1252099. [PMID: 38259779 PMCID: PMC10802701 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1252099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to examine the explanatory power of a predictive model of nomophobia consisting of rumination, fear of missing out (FoMO), mindfulness and non-pathological compulsions. The research involved a cross-sectional design exploring the prevalence of nomophobia in a Romanian university students' cohort. The quantitative methodology was used to collect and analyse the data obtained from all the respondents. Researchers adapted and pretested the questionnaire NMP-Q, before distributing it to 194 university students. SPSS (V. 20) and Hayes's PROCESS tool were used to analyse the data. The findings demonstrated that the above-mentioned psychological variables have a direct and significant relationship with nomophobia. Specifically, within the multidimensional mechanism that explains nomophobia, fear of missing out (FoMO), non-pathological compulsions, and rumination, included in the predictive model in this order, played the most important role, as together cover 34% of nomophobia variance. Furthermore, the fear of missing out has the highest explanatory contribution to nomophobia. The current study gives a better understanding of the dynamics of nomophobia in young people by focusing on psychological factors that play an important role in this phenomenon.
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Hussien RM. The association between nomophobia and loneliness among the general population in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43045-022-00235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Nomophobia progresses through phases (initiation, affirmation, need, and dependency), similarly to addiction, and manifests in a variety of ways, including socially, physiologically, and physically. The objective of the study is to examine the association between nomophobia and feelings of loneliness among a sample of the general population from the KSA. Data were gathered between 5 March and 5 April 2022 using a descriptive, cross-sectional survey design. Five hundred twenty-six participants make up the sample for this study. The information is gathered using a sociodemographic data sheet, Internet usage profiles, a nomophobia questionnaire, and the Loneliness Scale.
Results
The majority of people in the study sample use the Internet for between 4 and 9 h, most immediately in the morning, on waking, for gaming, and for social communication. For nomophobia levels among the study population, the highest percentage is for a moderate level of nomophobia, with the highest means being for factor 1 (unable to communicate), followed by factor 4 (giving up convenience). They also have a moderate level of loneliness.
Conclusions
The multivariate analysis shows that the total loneliness score is strongly and positively correlated with the total nomophobia score and its four factors and the duration of daily mobile Internet use. There are also negative correlations with age and education level. Additionally, the overall nomophobia score has an inverse relationship with income level and age, but a high relationship with the frequency of daily mobile Internet use. The study suggests that there is a need for psychoeducation for a variety of sociodemographic groups to raise awareness about the psychological repercussions of nomophobia, practices that will help to reduce the time spent online for arbitrary reasons, to discover new and entertaining ways of communicating with each other.
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Notara V, Vagka E, Gnardellis C, Lagiou A. The Emerging Phenomenon of Nomophobia in Young Adults: A Systematic Review Study. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2021; 13:120-136. [PMID: 34703533 PMCID: PMC8519611 DOI: 10.22122/ahj.v13i2.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Nomophobia (No MObile PHone PhoBIA) refers to the worry or fear that individuals experience when they are without their mobile phone or they are unable to use it. The term was first coined in 2008 and it is considered a modern type of phobia. The aim of the present study was to retrieve and review the most relevant literature on the prevalence of nomophobia and its relationship with psychosocial and physical health among young adults. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted according the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) for original papers on the phenomenon of nomophobia in young adults using the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) as the main measuring instrument. The literature was focused on the 3 main topics of prevalence and level of nomophobia, nomophobia and psychosocial effects, and nomophobia and physical health in young adults. Findings The initial literature corpus consisted of 370 articles of which 40 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in detail. Nomophobia was observed among 15.2%-99.7% of the participants. Research findings indicated increased psychological, emotional, social, and physical side effects due to excessive smartphone use. Conclusion The excessive use of the smartphone is an emerging threat for social, mental, and physical health. There is an increased need for further research in this regard as it is evolving into an epidemic outbreak and concerns directly the field of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venetia Notara
- Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Elissavet Vagka
- Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalampos Gnardellis
- Department of Animal Production, Fisheries ans Aquaculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Areti Lagiou
- Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
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Kazem AM, Emam MM, Alrajhi MN, Aldhafri SS, AlBarashdi HS, Al-Rashdi BA. Nomophobia in Late Childhood and Early Adolescence: the Development and Validation of a New Interactive Electronic Nomophobia Test. TRENDS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [PMCID: PMC7951125 DOI: 10.1007/s43076-021-00068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The widely spread dependence on smartphones by children, adolescents, and adults has shoved researchers to assess its impact on the wellbeing of individuals. Nomophobia, the fear of being out of cellular contact, was typically assessed by self-report measures or proxy measures in adolescents and older adults. The goal of the current study was to examine nomophobia in late childhood and adolescence using scenario-based vignettes that are interactively presented and mediated by computers. To fulfill this goal, the Interactive Electronic Nomophobia Test (IENT), comprising of five scenario-based vignettes, was developed and administered to 1211 students aged between 10 and 18 years and enrolled in grades 5–12. The IENT psychometric properties were examined using a series of confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Additionally, the study examined the clustering nomophobia symptoms in a nationally representative sample of Omani students and explored the association of these Nomophobia symptoms with both students’ grade and gender. Results of the study provided evidence of the four-pronged structure of the IENT, and an overall all composite nomophobia score, with strong associations found among the subscales, and between each of the four subscales and Nomophobia composite score. Invariance tests found significantly different model results by gender in all cases. Finally, cluster analysis revealed two to three clusters, with significant associations between gender, class, and cluster type. Implications of the study are discussed in view of previous literature on the assessment of nomophobia and smartphone addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahdi Kazem
- Department of Psychology, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.Box: 32, Al-Khod, P.C.: 123 Muscat, Oman
| | - Mahmoud Mohammed Emam
- Department of Psychology, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.Box: 32, Al-Khod, P.C.: 123 Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Said Sulaiman Aldhafri
- Department of Psychology, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.Box: 32, Al-Khod, P.C.: 123 Muscat, Oman
- Research Council, Muscat, Oman
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Marletta G, Trani S, Rotolo G, Di Monte MC, Sarli L, Artioli G, La Torre P, Pedrazzi G. Nomophobia in healthcare: an observational study between nurses and students. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2021; 92:e2021031. [PMID: 34328137 PMCID: PMC8383234 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v92is2.11505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The abuse of technical devices can be considered a form of addiction that is defined in current literature as Nomophobia. The phenomenon appears to be quite widespread among nurses and nursing students, and nomophobic behaviours of professionals can lead to a reduction in the quality of the care provided. The aim of this study is to investigate the situation in a University and in a hospital in northern Italy and evaluate the levels of nomophobia among nurses and students. METHODS An observational study was conducted with a questionnaire using a sample of nursing students and nurses. Both of the studies had the common goal of investigating the levels of nomophobia and evaluate the comparison between the two groups. RESULTS In general, neither nurses nor students seem to demonstrate nomophobia's critical levels. The comparison of the daily use of the smartphone between nurses and students shows that the frequent use of students is balanced by the nurses' daily trend line that progressively decreases. Both nurses and students affirm to use their smartphones at work with a certain frequency although, especially among the students, it is usually for appropriate and justified reasons. CONCLUSIONS It is necessary to consider the development of an educational project that regulates the use of smartphones, explaining the meaning of nomophobia, right from the first year of the University experience so as to correctly address the students' (and future professionals') behaviours to make them aware of the misuse of mobile phones, especially in the clinical setting that can easily cause distractions and consequently irreversible errors.
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The relationship between the nomophobic levels of higher education students in Ghana and academic achievement. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252880. [PMID: 34133434 PMCID: PMC8208529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an upsurge in the use of mobile phones among higher education students in Ghana, which may result in the nomophobia prevalence with the students. Therefore, the need to assess the influence of nomophobia within the student population in Ghana. This descriptive cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence of nomophobia and the sociodemographic variables, and the association with academic achievement of the understudied population. A self-reporting nomophobia questionnaire, composed of 20 dimensions, was answered by 670 university students to measure the nomophobia prevalence. Raw data were estimated using descriptive statistics, and one-way ANOVA and Independent T-test. While the findings showed diverse grades of nomophobia, statistical significance between academic achievement and the level of nomophobia was observed. This study concludes that there is a high nomophobia prevalence among university students in Ghana as the use of smartphones increases. However, follow-up studies should be conducted in Ghanaian universities to monitor nomophobia and its associates in order to reduce the adverse effects of habitual use of smartphones.
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Rodríguez-García AM, Marín-Marín JA, López-Núñez JA, Moreno-Guerrero AJ. Do Age and Educational Stage Influence No-Mobile-Phone Phobia? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094450. [PMID: 33922221 PMCID: PMC8122705 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Technological progress not only brings with it resources that improve and facilitate the day-to-day life of the people who make up society but also entails health risks, with the emergence of terms, such as nomophobia, which is considered an anxiety disorder produced by the fear that not having a mobile phone generates in a person. This research aims to identify the relationship and influence between levels of nomophobia and the age or educational stage of students. The research method is based on a correlational and predictive design of quantitative methodology. The instrument used is the NMP-Q questionnaire. The study population is students from different educational stages (obligatory secondary education, baccalaureate, vocational training and university). The results show that students over 12 years old present an average level of “nomophobia” (no-mobile-phone phobia), namely, not being able to communicate with the family where the highest levels are presented. We conclude that students over 12 years of age and of any educational stage present an average level of nomophobia, and it cannot be determined that either the educational stage or the age are determining factors in the presentation of this problem. This can occur at any age and at any level of the different educational stages, although there are risk indicators that we should bear in mind to avoid the appearance of nomophobia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José-Antonio Marín-Marín
- Department of Didactics and School Organization, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Moreno-Guerrero AJ, Hinojo-Lucena FJ, Trujillo-Torres JM, Rodríguez-García AM. Nomophobia and the influence of time to REST among nursing students. A descriptive, correlational and predictive research. Nurse Educ Pract 2021; 52:103025. [PMID: 33865072 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2021.103025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The inclusion of the smartphone in society has brought many advantages, but also disadvantages, such as nomophobia, considered as a digital disease generated by the excessive use of the smartphone. The general objective of the research is to know and analyse the prevalence of nomophobia among nursing students and knowing the influence of time to rest. The research design is descriptive, correlational, transversal and predictive with a quantitative research methodology. The sample consist of nursing students from the University of Granada (N = 880) in Spain. A descriptive analysis has been carried out, as well as a bivariate correlation of Pearson, the student T test and a multiple linear regression. The results show an average level of nomophobia among nursing students. Although the students can recognize that the use of the smartphone can reduce their rest period, mainly focused on the hours they spend sleeping, there is no significant relationship between the two facts, confirming also that the levels of nomophobia are significantly more related in those who claim not to have problems in their rest due to the use of the mobile phone. A large percentage of them claim to rest less time due to excessive use of their smartphone.
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Jahrami H, Rashed M, AlRasheed MM, Bragazzi NL, Saif Z, Alhaj O, BaHammam AS, Vitiello MV. Nomophobia is Associated with Insomnia but Not with Age, Sex, BMI, or Mobile Phone Screen Size in Young Adults. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:1931-1941. [PMID: 34737661 PMCID: PMC8560167 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s335462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE NOMOPHOBIA (NO MObile PHone PhoBIA) or problematic smartphone use is a psychological disorder in which people are afraid of being cut off from their mobile phones. Currently, there has been no direct assessment of mobile phone screen size in the home setting and its effect on nomophobia and related symptoms, such as insomnia. Thus, we investigated the association between nomophobia, insomnia, and mobile phone screen size in a young adult population in Bahrain. PATIENTS AND METHODS Using a descriptive, cross-sectional design, we surveyed participants aged 18 to 35 between August and September 2020 using an online questionnaire. Participants completed demographic questions and questions about personal mobile phones, the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q), and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). The mobile phone screen size was determined using an open-source online database. Crude and adjusted regression analyses were fitted to examine the associations between the study variables. RESULTS A total of 549 individuals, 54% females, were included in the final analyses. One hundred and fourteen participants (21%) had severe nomophobia, and 81 (14%) had clinical insomnia. A strong positive pair-wise linear association was observed between NMP-Q and ISI β 0.15, P = 0.001. Age, sex, BMI, and mobile phone screen size showed no association with the NMP-Q. CONCLUSION Nomophobia is very prevalent in young adult men and women, and it is closely associated with insomnia, regardless of mobile phone screen size, suggesting that mobile phone screen size should not be used as a proxy for hazardous usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Jahrami
- Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Mona Rashed
- Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Maha M AlRasheed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Omar Alhaj
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ahmed S BaHammam
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University Sleep Disorders Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11324, Saudi Arabia.,The Strategic Technologies Program of the National Plan for Sciences and Technology and Innovation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael V Vitiello
- Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, and Biobehavioral Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-6560, USA
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