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Garcias B, Flores MA, Fernández M, Monteith W, Pascoe B, Sheppard SK, Martín M, Cortey M, Darwich L. Global Variation in Escherichia coli mcr-1 Genes and Plasmids from Animal and Human Genomes Following Colistin Usage Restrictions in Livestock. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:759. [PMID: 39200059 PMCID: PMC11350921 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13080759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global health threat, with multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial clones becoming a major concern. Polymyxins, especially colistin, have reemerged as last-resort treatments for MDR Gram-negative infections. However, colistin use in livestock has spread mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes, notably mcr-1, impacting human health. In consequence, its livestock use was banned in 2017, originating a natural experiment to study bacterial adaptation. The aim of this work was to analyse the changes in the mcr-1 genetic background after colistin restriction across the world. This study analyses 3163 Escherichia coli genomes with the mcr-1 gene from human and livestock hosts, mainly from Asia (n = 2621) and Europe (n = 359). Genetic characterisation identifies IncI2 (40.4%), IncX4 (26.7%), and multidrug-resistant IncHI2 (18.8%) as the most common plasmids carrying mcr-1. There were differences in plasmids between continents, with IncX4 (56.6%) being the most common in Europe, while IncI2 (44.8%) was predominant in Asia. Promoter variants related to reduced fitness costs and ISApl1 showed a distinct pattern of association that appears to be associated with adaptation to colistin restriction, which differed between continents. Thus, after the colistin ban, Europe saw a shift to specialised mcr-1 plasmids as IncX4, while ISApl1 decreased in Asia due to changes in the prevalence of the distinct promoter variants. These analyses illustrate the evolution of mcr-1 adaptation following colistin use restrictions and the need for region-specific strategies against AMR following colistin restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biel Garcias
- Department Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Mayra Alejandra Flores
- Department Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Mercedes Fernández
- Department Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - William Monteith
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Ben Pascoe
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Samuel K. Sheppard
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Marga Martín
- Department Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Martí Cortey
- Department Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Laila Darwich
- Department Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Santamarina-García G, Amores G, Llamazares D, Hernández I, Javier R Barron L, Virto M. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antimicrobial resistances reveals the effect of the production chain in reducing resistant lactic acid bacteria in an artisanal raw ewe milk PDO cheese. Food Res Int 2024; 187:114308. [PMID: 38763625 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant public health threat, with the food production chain, and, specifically, fermented products, as a potential vehicle for dissemination. However, information about dairy products, especially raw ewe milk cheeses, is limited. The present study analysed, for the first time, the occurrence of AMRs related to lactic acid bacteria (LAB) along a raw ewe milk cheese production chain for the most common antimicrobial agents used on farms (dihydrostreptomycin, benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin and polymyxin B). More than 200 LAB isolates were obtained and identified by Sanger sequencing (V1-V3 16S rRNA regions); these isolates included 8 LAB genera and 21 species. Significant differences in LAB composition were observed throughout the production chain (P ≤ 0.001), with Enterococcus (e.g., E. hirae and E. faecalis) and Bacillus (e.g., B. thuringiensis and B. cereus) predominating in ovine faeces and raw ewe milk, respectively, along with Lactococcus (L. lactis) in whey and fresh cheeses, while Lactobacillus and Lacticaseibacillus species (e.g., Lactobacillus sp. and L. paracasei) prevailed in ripened cheeses. Phenotypically, by broth microdilution, Lactococcus, Enterococcus and Bacillus species presented the greatest resistance rates (on average, 78.2 %, 56.8 % and 53.4 %, respectively), specifically against polymyxin B, and were more susceptible to dihydrostreptomycin. Conversely, Lacticaseibacillus and Lactobacillus were more susceptible to all antimicrobials tested (31.4 % and 39.1 %, respectively). Thus, resistance patterns and multidrug resistance were reduced along the production chain (P ≤ 0.05). Genotypically, through HT-qPCR, 31 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and 6 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were detected, predominating Str, StrB and aadA-01, related to aminoglycoside resistance, and the transposons tnpA-02 and tnpA-01. In general, a significant reduction in ARGs and MGEs abundances was also observed throughout the production chain (P ≤ 0.001). The current findings indicate that LAB dynamics throughout the raw ewe milk cheese production chain facilitated a reduction in AMRs, which has not been reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorka Santamarina-García
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute-Prevention, Promotion and Health Care, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Joint Research Laboratory on Environmental Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Gustavo Amores
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute-Prevention, Promotion and Health Care, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Joint Research Laboratory on Environmental Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Diego Llamazares
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Igor Hernández
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute-Prevention, Promotion and Health Care, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Joint Research Laboratory on Environmental Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Luis Javier R Barron
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Joint Research Laboratory on Environmental Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Mailo Virto
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute-Prevention, Promotion and Health Care, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Joint Research Laboratory on Environmental Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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El-Sherbiny GM, Kalaba MH, Foda AM, M E S, Youssef ASED, A Elsehemy I, Farghal EE, El-Fakharany EM. Nanoemulsion of cinnamon oil to combat colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and cancer cells. Microb Pathog 2024; 192:106705. [PMID: 38761892 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential of cinnamon oil nanoemulsion (CONE) as an antibacterial agent against clinical strains of colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and its anticancer activity. The prepared and characterized CONE was found to have a spherical shape with an average size of 70.6 ± 28.3 nm under TEM and a PDI value of 0.076 and zeta potential value of 6.9 mV using DLS analysis. The antibacterial activity of CONE against Klebsiella pneumoniae strains was investigated, and it was found to have higher inhibitory activity (18.3 ± 1.2-30.3 ± 0.8 mm) against the tested bacteria compared to bulk cinnamon oil (14.6 ± 0.88-20.6 ± 1.2) with MIC values ranging from 0.077 to 0.31 % v/v which equivalent to 0.2-0.82 ng/ml of CONE. CONE inhibited the growth of bacteria in a dose and time-dependent manner based on the time-kill assay in which Klebsiella pneumoniae B-9 was used as a model among the bacterial strains under investigation. The study also investigated the expression of the mcr-1 gene in the Klebsiella pneumoniae strains and found that all strains were positive for the gene expression and subsequently its presence. The level of mcr-1 gene expression among the B-2, B-4, B-9, and B-11 control strains and that treated with colistin was similar, but it was different in both B-5 and B-2. However, all strains exhibited a significant downregulation in gene expression (ranging from 3.97 to 8.7-fold) after their treatment with CONE. Additionally, the CONE-treated bacterial cells appeared with a great deformation compared with control cells under TEM. Finally, CONE exhibited selective toxicity against different cancer cell lines depending on comparison with the normal cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal M El-Sherbiny
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed H Kalaba
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Abdullah M Foda
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Shehata M E
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Amira Salah El-Din Youssef
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Islam A Elsehemy
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman E Farghal
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Application, Egypt; Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Center (PFIDC), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (STTA-City), New Borg Al Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
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Furlan JPR, Ramos MS, Dos Santos LDR, da Silva Rosa R, Stehling EG. Multidrug-resistant Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and hybrid pathogenic strains of bovine origin. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1907-1913. [PMID: 37199834 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10141-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli strains have been circulating in various sectors and can be cross-transferred between them. Among pathogenic E. coli strains, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and hybrid pathogenic E. coli (HyPEC) emerged as responsible for outbreaks worldwide. As bovine are reservoir of STEC strains, these pathogens primarily spread to food products, exposing humans to risk. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize antimicrobial-resistant and potentially pathogenic E. coli strains from fecal samples of dairy cattle. In this regard, most E. coli strains (phylogenetic groups A, B1, B2, and E) were resistant to β-lactams and non-β-lactams and were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR). Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) related to multidrug resistance profiles were detected. Furthermore, mutations in fluoroquinolone and colistin resistance determinants were also identified, highlighting the deleterious mutation His152Gln in PmrB that may have contributed to the high level (> 64 mg/L) of colistin resistance. Virulence genes of diarrheagenic and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) pathotypes were shared among strains and even within the same strain, evidencing the presence of HyPEC (i.e., ExPEC/STEC), which were assigned as unusual B2-ST126-H3 and B1-ST3695-H31. These findings provide phenotypic and molecular data of MDR, ARGs-producing, and potentially pathogenic E. coli strains in dairy cattle, contributing to the monitoring of antimicrobial resistance and pathogens in healthy animals and alerting to potential bovine-associated zoonotic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Rueda Furlan
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, S/N, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Micaela Santana Ramos
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, S/N, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Lucas David Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, S/N, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Rafael da Silva Rosa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, S/N, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Eliana Guedes Stehling
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, S/N, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil.
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Obaidat MM, Tarazi YH, AlSmadi WM. Sheep and goats are reservoirs of colistin resistant
Escherichia coli
that co‐resist critically important antimicrobials: First study from Jordan. J Food Saf 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M. Obaidat
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Jordan University of Science and Technology Ar‐Ramtha, Irbid Jordan
| | - Yaser H. Tarazi
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Jordan University of Science and Technology Ar‐Ramtha, Irbid Jordan
| | - Walaa M. AlSmadi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Jordan University of Science and Technology Ar‐Ramtha, Irbid Jordan
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Relevant safety aspects of raw milk for dairy foods processing. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2022; 100:211-264. [PMID: 35659353 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The concern with food safety in the milk chain begins with the quality of the raw milk. Due to the health hazard that this food can carry when contaminated, the focus of studies has turned to microbiological and chemical contaminants that may be present in raw milk. There is an essential concern about conventional pathogens (Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp.) and emerging pathogens (Arcobacter butzleri, Yersinia enterocolitica, Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis, Helicobacter pylori, and Cronobacter sakazakii) found in raw milk and dairy products. In addition, a growing public health issue has been raised regarding antimicrobial-resistant pathogens and commensal strains found in milk and dairy products. The antibiotic residues in milk can also damage health, such as allergies, and cause technological problems in dairy products processing. This health issue extends to other chemical contaminants such as heavy metals, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, melamine, dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, plasticizers, and additives in milk and dairy products. Other chemical substances formed by microorganisms are also of high importance, such as biogenic amines and mycotoxins. Therefore, this chapter aimed to revise and discuss relevant biological and chemical risks to ensure the safety and quality of raw milk and dairy products.
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Silva KED, Rossato L, Leite AF, Simionatto S. Overview of polymyxin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2022; 55:e0349. [PMID: 35239902 PMCID: PMC8909443 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0349-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymyxin antibiotics are disfavored owing to their potential clinical toxicity, especially nephrotoxicity. However, the dry antibiotic development pipeline, together with the increasing global prevalence of infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacteria, have renewed clinical interest in these polypeptide antibiotics. This review highlights the current information regarding the mechanisms of resistance to polymyxins and their molecular epidemiology. Knowledge of the resistance mechanisms and epidemiology of these pathogens is critical for the development of novel antibacterial agents and rapid treatment choices.
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Dantas Palmeira J, Haenni M, Madec JY, Ferreira HMN. First Global Report of Plasmid-Mediated mcr-1 and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli from Sheep in Portugal. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111403. [PMID: 34827341 PMCID: PMC8615169 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistances to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) and colistin are One Health issues since genes encoding these resistances can be transmitted between all sectors of the One Health concept, i.e., human, animal, and the environment. Among food-producing animals, sheep farming has long been overlooked. To fill in this knowledge gap, we looked for ESC- and colistin resistance in 21 faecal samples collected from sheep in one farm in the south of Portugal. ESC-resistant isolates were selected on MacConkey agar plates supplemented with cefotaxime. Susceptibility testing was performed by the disk-diffusion method according to CLSI, while colistin MIC was determined by broth microdilution. ESC- and colistin-resistance genes were identified by PCR, and the clonality of all isolates was assessed by XbaI-PFGE. The replicon content was determined by PCR according to the PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT) scheme. Sixty-two non-duplicate ESC-resistant E. coli isolates were identified, which all presented an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype, mostly due to the presence of CTX-M genes. One CTX-M-1-producing E. coli was concomitantly colistin-resistant and presented the plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene. Nearly all isolates showed associated resistances to non-beta-lactam antibiotics, which could act as co-selectors, even in the absence of beta-lactam use. The results showed a high proportion of ESBL-producing E. coli in sheep faeces. Their dissemination was very dynamic, with the spread of successful clones between animals, but also a large diversity of clones and plasmids, sometimes residing in the same animal. This study highlights the need for global surveillance in all food-producing sectors, in order to avoid the dissemination of genes conferring resistance to last-resort antibiotics in human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josman Dantas Palmeira
- Microbiology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE—University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- PICTIS—International Platform for Science, Technology and Innovation in Health, Universidade de Aveiro (Portugal) & FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Marisa Haenni
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Anses Laboratoire de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; (M.H.); (J.-Y.M.)
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Anses Laboratoire de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; (M.H.); (J.-Y.M.)
| | - Helena Maria Neto Ferreira
- Microbiology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE—University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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