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Groppe P, Reichstein J, Carl S, Cuadrado Collados C, Niebuur BJ, Zhang K, Apeleo Zubiri B, Libuda J, Kraus T, Retzer T, Thommes M, Spiecker E, Wintzheimer S, Mandel K. Catalyst Supraparticles: Tuning the Structure of Spray-Dried Pt/SiO 2 Supraparticles via Salt-Based Colloidal Manipulation to Control their Catalytic Performance. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310813. [PMID: 38700050 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The structure of supraparticles (SPs) is a key parameter for achieving advanced functionalities arising from the combination of different nanoparticle (NP) types in one hierarchical entity. However, whenever a droplet-assisted forced assembly approach is used, e.g., spray-drying, the achievable structure is limited by the inherent drying phenomena of the method. In particular, mixed NP dispersions of differently sized colloids are heavily affected by segregation during the assembly. Herein, the influence of the colloidal arrangement of Pt and SiO2 NPs within a single supraparticulate entity is investigated. A salt-based electrostatic manipulation approach of the utilized NPs is proposed to customize the structure of spray-dried Pt/SiO2 SPs. By this, size-dependent separation phenomena of NPs during solvent evaporation, that limit the catalytic performance in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol, are overcome by achieving even Pt NP distribution. Additionally, the textural properties (pore size and distribution) of the SiO2 pore framework are altered to improve the mass transfer within the material leading to increased catalytic activity. The suggested strategy demonstrates a powerful, material-independent, and universally applicable approach to deliberately customize the structure and functionality of multi-component SP systems. This opens up new ways of colloidal material combinations and structural designs in droplet-assisted forced assembly approaches like spray-drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Groppe
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jakob Reichstein
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon Carl
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carlos Cuadrado Collados
- Institute of Separation Science and Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bart-Jan Niebuur
- INM - Leibniz-Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Kailun Zhang
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Erlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis (ECRC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Apeleo Zubiri
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Libuda
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Erlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis (ECRC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Kraus
- INM - Leibniz-Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tanja Retzer
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Erlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis (ECRC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Thommes
- Institute of Separation Science and Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Wintzheimer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Neunerplatz 2, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Karl Mandel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Neunerplatz 2, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
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Peng L, Jurca B, Garcia-Baldovi A, Tian L, Sastre G, Primo A, Parvulescu V, Dhakshinamoorthy A, Garcia H. Nanometric Cu-ZnO Particles Supported on N-Doped Graphitic Carbon as Catalysts for the Selective CO 2 Hydrogenation to Methanol. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:476. [PMID: 38470804 DOI: 10.3390/nano14050476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The quest for efficient catalysts based on abundant elements that can promote the selective CO2 hydrogenation to green methanol still continues. Most of the reported catalysts are based on Cu/ZnO supported in inorganic oxides, with not much progress with respect to the benchmark Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst. The use of carbon supports for Cu/ZnO particles is much less explored in spite of the favorable strong metal support interaction that these doped carbons can establish. This manuscript reports the preparation of a series of Cu-ZnO@(N)C samples consisting of Cu/ZnO particles embedded within a N-doped graphitic carbon with a wide range of Cu/Zn atomic ratio. The preparation procedure relies on the transformation of chitosan, a biomass waste, into N-doped graphitic carbon by pyrolysis, which establishes a strong interaction with Cu nanoparticles (NPs) formed simultaneously by Cu2+ salt reduction during the graphitization. Zn2+ ions are subsequently added to the Cu-graphene material by impregnation. All the Cu/ZnO@(N)C samples promote methanol formation in the CO2 hydrogenation at temperatures from 200 to 300 °C, with the temperature increasing CO2 conversion and decreasing methanol selectivity. The best performing Cu-ZnO@(N)C sample achieves at 300 °C a CO2 conversion of 23% and a methanol selectivity of 21% that is among the highest reported, particularly for a carbon-based support. DFT calculations indicate the role of pyridinic N doping atoms stabilizing the Cu/ZnO NPs and supporting the formate pathway as the most likely reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Peng
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Av. De los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Bogdan Jurca
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, University of Bucharest, B-dul Regina Elisabeta 4-12, 030016 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alberto Garcia-Baldovi
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Av. De los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Liang Tian
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Av. De los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - German Sastre
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Av. De los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Primo
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Av. De los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vasile Parvulescu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, University of Bucharest, B-dul Regina Elisabeta 4-12, 030016 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Hermenegildo Garcia
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Av. De los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Swallow JEN, Jones ES, Head AR, Gibson JS, David RB, Fraser MW, van Spronsen MA, Xu S, Held G, Eren B, Weatherup RS. Revealing the Role of CO during CO 2 Hydrogenation on Cu Surfaces with In Situ Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6730-6740. [PMID: 36916242 PMCID: PMC10064333 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
The reactions of H2, CO2, and CO gas mixtures on the surface of Cu at 200 °C, relevant for industrial methanol synthesis, are investigated using a combination of ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS) and atmospheric-pressure near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (AtmP-NEXAFS) spectroscopy bridging pressures from 0.1 mbar to 1 bar. We find that the order of gas dosing can critically affect the catalyst chemical state, with the Cu catalyst maintained in a metallic state when H2 is introduced prior to the addition of CO2. Only on increasing the CO2 partial pressure is CuO formation observed that coexists with metallic Cu. When only CO2 is present, the surface oxidizes to Cu2O and CuO, and the subsequent addition of H2 partially reduces the surface to Cu2O without recovering metallic Cu, consistent with a high kinetic barrier to H2 dissociation on Cu2O. The addition of CO to the gas mixture is found to play a key role in removing adsorbed oxygen that otherwise passivates the Cu surface, making metallic Cu surface sites available for CO2 activation and subsequent conversion to CH3OH. These findings are corroborated by mass spectrometry measurements, which show increased H2O formation when H2 is dosed before rather than after CO2. The importance of maintaining metallic Cu sites during the methanol synthesis reaction is thereby highlighted, with the inclusion of CO in the gas feed helping to achieve this even in the absence of ZnO as the catalyst support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack E N Swallow
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3PH, U.K
| | - Elizabeth S Jones
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3PH, U.K
| | - Ashley R Head
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton 11973, New York, United States
| | - Joshua S Gibson
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3PH, U.K
| | - Roey Ben David
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael W Fraser
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3PH, U.K
| | | | - Shaojun Xu
- Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, U.K
| | - Georg Held
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Baran Eren
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Robert S Weatherup
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3PH, U.K.,Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K
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Xu Y, Gao Z, Peng L, Liu K, Yang Y, Qiu R, Yang S, Wu C, Jiang J, Wang Y, Tan W, Wang H, Li J. A highly efficient Cu/ZnOx/ZrO2 catalyst for selective CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Kamsuwan T, Guntida A, Praserthdam P, Jongsomjit B. Differences in Deterioration Behaviors of Cu/ZnO/Al 2O 3 Catalysts with Different Cu Contents toward Hydrogenation of CO and CO 2. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:25783-25797. [PMID: 35910179 PMCID: PMC9330176 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The deterioration behaviors of Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 (CZA) catalysts upon different Cu contents were elucidated. The fresh and spent catalysts after being used in CO and CO2 hydrogenation at 250 °C under atmospheric pressure were properly characterized using various techniques including X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature-programmed reduction for the changes of metal sites, while the textural and chemical properties and carbon deposition on spent CZA catalysts were analyzed by N2 physisorption, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and temperature-programmed oxidation. During the hydrogenation reaction for both CO and CO2, the unstable Cu0 site on the spent CZA catalyst having a low Cu loading (sCZA-L) was oxidized to CuO and the aggregation of metal crystallite sites (Cu-ZnO and ZnO) was observed. Moreover, the amount of carbon deposition on sCZA-L (ca. >2%) is higher than the spent CZA catalyst having a high Cu loading (sCZA-H, ca. <0.5%). These phenomena led to a decrease in the surface area and the blockage of active sites. These findings can be determined on the catalytic deactivation and the obvious decrease in the catalytic activity of the CZA catalyst having a low Cu content (CZA-L, Cu:Zn = 0.8).
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