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El-Shoura EAM, Hassanein EHM, Taha HH, Shalkami AGS, Hassanein MMH, Ali FEM, Bakr AG. Edaravone and obeticholic acid protect against cisplatin-induced heart toxicity by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation and modulating Nrf2, TLR4/p38MAPK, and JAK1/STAT3/NF-κB signals. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:5649-5662. [PMID: 38285279 PMCID: PMC11329704 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-02956-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is a significant adverse effect of cisplatin (CIS) that necessitates extensive medical care. The current study examines the cardioprotective effects of edaravone (EDV), obeticholic acid (OCA), and their combinations on CIS-induced cardiac damage. Rats were allocated into five groups: the normal control group, the remaining four groups received CIS (7.5 mg/kg, i.p.) as a single dose on the fifth day and were assigned to CIS, OCA (10 mg/kg/day) + CIS, EDV (20 mg/kg/day) + CIS, and the (EDV + OCA) + CIS group. Compared to the CIS-treated group, co-treating rats with EDV, OCA, or their combinations significantly decreased ALP, AST, LDH, CK-MB, and troponin-I serum levels and alleviated histopathological heart abnormalities. Biochemically, EDV, OCA, and EDV plus OCA administration mitigated cardiac oxidative stress as indicated by a marked decrease in heart MDA content with a rise in cardiac antioxidants SOD and GSH associated with upregulating Nrf2, PPARγ, and SIRT1 expression. Besides, it dampened inflammation by decreasing cardiac levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, mediated by suppressing NF-κB, JAK1/STAT3, and TLR4/p38MAPK signal activation. Notably, rats co-administered with EDV plus OCA showed noticeable protection that exceeded that of EDV and OCA alone. In conclusion, our study provided that EDV, OCA, and their combinations effectively attenuated CIS-induced cardiac intoxication by activating Nrf2, PPARγ, and SIRT1 signals and downregulating NF-κB, JAK1/STAT3, and TLR4/p38MAPK signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab A M El-Shoura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Hesham H Taha
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Gawad S Shalkami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
- Clinical Pharmacy Program, Faculty of Health Science and Nursing, Al-Rayan Colleges, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fares E M Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
| | - Adel G Bakr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
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Sanchez-Petitto G, Goloubeva OG, Masur J, Childress J, Iqbal T, An M, Muhammad S, Lawson J, Li G, Barr B, Emadi A, Law JY, Lee ST, Duong VH, Baer MR, Niyongere S. Clinical outcomes of patients with acute myeloid leukemia and cardiovascular disease. Leuk Res 2024; 138:107456. [PMID: 38442593 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2024.107456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Incidence of both acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) increases with age. We evaluated whether pre-existing CVD impacts clinical outcomes in AML. We retrospectively evaluated 291 consecutive adult AML patients treated at our institution, 2014-2020. Pretreatment comorbidities were identified by chart review. Outcomes included complete remission (CR) and CR with incomplete count recovery (CRi) rates, disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS) and incidence of cardiovascular adverse events. CVD was present in 34% of patients at AML diagnosis. CVD patients had worse performance status (p=0.03) and more commonly had secondary AML (p=0.03) and received hypomethylating (HMA) agent-based therapy (72% vs 38%, p< 0.001). CVD (0.45 vs 0.71, p<0.001) and diabetes mellitus (HR= 0.24, 95% CI: 0.08 - 0.8, p= 0.01) were associated with lower probability of achieving CR/CRi. Accounting for age, performance status (PS), complex karyotype, secondary disease and treatment, CVD patients had shorter OS (HR=1.5, 95% CI: 1.1-2.2, p=0.002), with 1- and 3-year OS 44% vs 67% and 25% vs 40%, respectively, but there was no difference in cumulative incidence of relapse between patients with vs without CVD. Thus, CVD is an independent risk factor for lower response rate and shorter survival in AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Sanchez-Petitto
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Olga G Goloubeva
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health. University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jack Masur
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James Childress
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tahreem Iqbal
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Max An
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Safwan Muhammad
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Justin Lawson
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Grace Li
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian Barr
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ashkan Emadi
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennie Y Law
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Seung Tae Lee
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vu H Duong
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maria R Baer
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sandrine Niyongere
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Garganeeva AA, Kuzheleva EA, Tukish OV, Kondratiev MY, Vitt KN, Andreev SL, Ogurkova ON. [Biomarkers of Inflammation in Predicting the Outcomes of Heart Failure of Ischemic Etiology: the Results of Factor Analysis]. KARDIOLOGIIA 2024; 64:18-26. [PMID: 38462800 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2024.2.n2465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
AIM To study the prognostic significance of inflammatory biomarkers in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and stenotic multivessel coronary atherosclerosis, with determination of the biomarker separate set that reflects subclinical inflammation and is associated with the development of cardiovascular complications during prospective observation. MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective observational study was conducted that included 80 patients with CHF and ischemic heart disease who were scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) during their current hospitalization. In addition to routine clinical laboratory tests, coagulation parameters were evaluated and the following inflammatory biomarkers were determined: neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Also, the calculated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (N LR) was included in the analysis. Follow-up duration was at least 12 months (median 16 [13, 22] months). Statistical analysis of the data was performed with the IBM SPSS Statistics 21 software. RESULTS The study presented results of a factor analysis of 10 inflammatory biomarkers in patients who were scheduled for CABG. One of the factors identified by the analysis included the levels of NGAL and GDF-15, N LR, and the level of fibrinogen in the blood in CHF patients with stenotic coronary atherosclerosis and was significantly associated with the death rate during prospective observation. Furthermore, this association remained significant even after adjustments for age, glomerular filtration rate, severity of heart and coronary insufficiency, and the presence of diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSION In patients with CHF and stenotic coronary atherosclerosis, a set of inflammatory markers, including blood NGAL, GDF-15, N LR, and fibrinogen, can be combined into one factor reflecting subclinical inflammation. The value of this factor can be used to predict cardiovascular death in the long term after surgical myocardial revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Garganeeva
- Research Institute of Cardiology, Tomsk National Research Medical Center
| | - E A Kuzheleva
- Research Institute of Cardiology, Tomsk National Research Medical Center
| | - O V Tukish
- Research Institute of Cardiology, Tomsk National Research Medical Center
| | - M Yu Kondratiev
- Research Institute of Cardiology, Tomsk National Research Medical Center
| | - K N Vitt
- Research Institute of Cardiology, Tomsk National Research Medical Center
| | - S L Andreev
- Research Institute of Cardiology, Tomsk National Research Medical Center
| | - O N Ogurkova
- Research Institute of Cardiology, Tomsk National Research Medical Center
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Kersten J, Fink V, Kersten M, May L, Nunn S, Tadic M, Huober J, Bekes I, Radermacher M, Hombach V, Rottbauer W, Buckert D. CMR reveals myocardial damage from cardiotoxic oncologic therapies in breast cancer patients. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2024; 40:225-235. [PMID: 38001273 PMCID: PMC10884136 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-023-02996-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a common and increasingly treatable disease. However, survivors have a significantly elevated risk of cardiac events afterwards. This study aimed to characterise cardiac changes during cardiotoxic cancer therapy using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. METHODS This study involved 34 patients with histologically proven breast cancer and planned cardiotoxic therapy. All patients underwent CMR before starting therapy, and 6 and 12 months thereafter. The CMR protocol included volumetric and functional analyses, parametric mapping, and deformation analysis using feature tracking. As the control group, 10 healthy female volunteers were scanned using the same protocol. RESULTS With therapy, there was a significant reduction of left ventricular and right ventricular ejection fractions (both p < 0.05) without reaching pathologic values. Left ventricular radial (p = 0.008), circumferential (p = 0.010), and longitudinal strain (p = 0.036) were also reduced at follow-up. In the parametric mapping, there was a significant increase in native T1 time (start: 1037 ± 41 ms vs. 6 months: 1068 ± 51 ms vs. 12 months: 1017 ± 57 ms, p < 0.001) and T2 time (start: 55 ± 4 ms vs. 6 months: 59 ± 3 ms vs. 12 months: 57 ± 3 ms, p = 0.001), with unchanged extracellular volume and relative late gadolinium enhancement. Twelve months after cancer diagnosis, the breast cancer patients exhibited significant impairments in left ventricular global radial (p = 0.001), circumferential (p = 0.001), and longitudinal strain (p = 0.002) and T2 time (p = 0.008) compared to the healthy controls. DISCUSSION Breast cancer patients receiving cardiotoxic chemotherapy show persistent deterioration in left ventricular strain values. This is accompanied by inflammatory changes in non-invasive tissue characterisation. Larger studies with longer follow-up periods are needed to identify patients at risk and establish preventive and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kersten
- Department for Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Visnja Fink
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maria Kersten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lisa May
- Department for Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Samuel Nunn
- Department for Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marijana Tadic
- Department for Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jens Huober
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Cantonal Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology and Breast Center, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Inga Bekes
- Cantonal Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology and Breast Center, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Vinzenz Hombach
- Department for Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rottbauer
- Department for Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dominik Buckert
- Department for Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Dong M, Luo Y, Lan Y, He Q, Xu L, Pei Z. Luteolin reduces cardiac damage caused by hyperlipidemia in Sprague-Dawley rats. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17613. [PMID: 37408924 PMCID: PMC10318514 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for cardiac damage that can lead to many cardiovascular diseases. A recent study reported the cardioprotective effects of luteolin in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of luteolin against hyperlipidemia-induced cardiac damage in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods Six-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: a normal diet (ND) group; a high-fat diet (HFD) group; and three high-fat diet mixed with luteolin (HFD + LUT) groups, where in a luteolin dosage 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day was administered. All groups were fed their respective diets for 12 weeks. Results Left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening (parameters of cardiac function) were lower in the HFD + LUT (100 mg/kg/day) group than in the HFD group. Metabolic parameters were lower in the HFD + LUT (100 mg/kg/day) group than in the HFD group. Collagen I, collagen III, and TGF-β expression levels were lower in the cardiac tissues of the HFD + LUT (100 mg/kg/day) group, compared to those of the HFD group. Expression of the profibrotic genes MMP2 and MMP9 was suppressed in the cardiac tissues of the HFD + LUT (100 mg/kg/day) group, compared to those of the HFD group. Furthermore, CD36 and lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 protein levels were lower in the cardiac tissues of the HFD + LUT (100 mg/kg/day) group, compared to those of the HFD group. Conclusion These findings would provide new insights into the role of luteolin in hyperlipidemia-induced cardiac damage and contribute to the development of novel therapeutic interventions to treat cardiovascular disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yao Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yong Lan
- Department of Vascular Surger, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qinghua He
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zuowei Pei
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116033, China
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6
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Kersten J, Schellenberg J, Jerg A, Kirsten J, Persch H, Liu Y, Steinacker JM. Strain Echocardiography in Acute COVID-19 and Post-COVID Syndrome: More than Just a Snapshot. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1236. [PMID: 37189854 PMCID: PMC10135834 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) has become an established, widely available diagnostic method in the past few years, making its value clear in cases of COVID-19 and the further course of the disease, including post-COVID syndrome. Since the beginning of the pandemic, many studies have been published on the use of STE in this condition, enabling, on the one hand, a better understanding of myocardial involvement in COVID-19 and, on the other, a better identification of risk to patients, although some questions remain unanswered in regard to specific pathomechanisms, especially in post-COVID patients. This review takes a closer look at current findings and potential future developments by summarising the extant data on the use of STE, with a focus on left and right ventricular longitudinal strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kersten
- Division for Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany
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7
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Al-U'datt DGF, Tranchant CC, Alu'datt M, Abusara S, Al-Dwairi A, AlQudah M, Al-Shboul O, Hiram R, Altuntas Y, Jaradat S, Alzoubi KH. Inhibition of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) ameliorates ventricular fibrosis in isoproterenol-induced heart failure in rats. Life Sci 2023; 321:121564. [PMID: 36931499 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Transglutaminase (TG) inhibitors represent promising therapeutic interventions in cardiac fibrosis and related dysfunctions. However, it remains unknown how TG inhibition, TG2 in particular, affects the signaling systems that drive pathological fibrosis. This study aimed to examine the effect TG inhibition by cystamine on the progression of isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cardiac fibrosis was established by intraperitoneal injection of ISO to rats (ISO group), followed by 6 weeks of cystamine injection (ISO + Cys group). The control groups were administered normal saline alone or with cystamine. Hemodynamics, lipid profile, liver enzymes, urea, and creatinine were assessed in conjunction with heart failure markers (serum NT-proANP and cTnI). Left ventricular (LV) and atrial (LA) fibrosis, total collagen content, and mRNA expression of profibrotic markers including TG2 were quantified by Masson's trichrome staining, LC-MS/MS and quantitative PCR, respectively. KEY FINDINGS Cystamine administration to ISO rats significantly decreased diastolic and mean arterial pressures, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, liver enzymes, urea, and creatinine levels, while increasing HDL. NT-proANP and cTnI serum levels remained unchanged. In LV tissues, significant reductions in ISO-induced fibrosis and elevated total collagen content were achieved after cystamine treatment, together with a reduction in TG2 concentration. Reduced mRNA expression of several profibrotic genes (COL1A1, FN1, MMP-2, CTGF, periostin, CX43) was also evidenced in LV tissues of ISO rats upon cystamine administration, whereas TGF-β1 expression was depressed in LA tissues. Cystamine decreased TG2 mRNA expression in the LV of control rats, while LV expression of TG2 was relatively low in ISO rats irrespective of cystamine treatment. SIGNIFICANCE TG2 inhibition by cystamine in vivo exerted cardioprotective effects against ISO-induced cardiac fibrosis in rats decreasing the LV abundance of several profibrotic markers and the content of TG2 and collagen, suggesting that TG2 pharmacological inhibition could be beneficial to alleviate cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doa'a G F Al-U'datt
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Carole C Tranchant
- School of Food Science, Nutrition and Family Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences and Community Services, Université de Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Muhammad Alu'datt
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Sara Abusara
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Ahmed Al-Dwairi
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohammad AlQudah
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; Physiology Department, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Othman Al-Shboul
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Roddy Hiram
- Montreal Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yasemin Altuntas
- Montreal Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Saied Jaradat
- Princess Haya Biotechnology Center, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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LuQi Formula Regulates NLRP3 Inflammasome to Relieve Myocardial-Infarction-Induced Cardiac Remodeling in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5518083. [PMID: 34257682 PMCID: PMC8257334 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5518083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Excessive activation of the nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3) inflammasome plays a significant role in the progression of cardiac injury. In China, it has been well recognized that Chinese herbal medicine is markedly effective in treating cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). LuQi Formula (LQF) has been used clinically for more than 10 years and confirmed to be effective in improving cardiac function and inhibiting apoptosis. However, the specific mechanisms underlying its efficacy are mostly unknown. This study aimed to evaluate whether LQF could alleviate cardiac injury and apoptosis by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome and the caspase-3/Bax pathway. Purpose In this study, we investigated the effects of LQF on cardiac remodeling in a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI) in vivo. Methods Forty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: the sham group, the model group, the LQF group, and the perindopril group, with a sample size (n) of 10 mice in each group. Except the sham group, the other groups received left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation to induce MI and then treated with LQF, perindopril, or saline. Six weeks after MI, echocardiography was used to evaluate cardiac structure and function. Myocardial tissue morphology was observed by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and heart samples were stained with Masson's trichrome to analyse myocardial fibrosis. Myocardial hypertrophy was observed by fluorescent wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining. The expressions of NLRP3, ASC, Cle-caspase-1, IL-1β, TXNIP, Cle-caspase-3, Bcl-2, and Bax in heart tissues were assessed by western blot analysis. mRNA expressions of ANP and BNP in heart tissues were measured by RT-PCR. The expression of reactive oxygen species in myocardial tissue was detected by using a DCFH-DA probe. Results Echocardiographic analysis showed that compared with the model group, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) in the LQF and perindopril group were increased (P < 0.05), left ventricular internal diameter end diastole (LVIDd) and left ventricular internal diameter end-systole (LVIDs) were reduced (P < 0.05), and H&E and Masson's trichrome staining of cardiac tissues showed that LQF and perindopril could partially reverse ventricular remodeling and alleviate myocardial fibrosis (P < 0.05). WGA fluorescence results showed that compared with the model group, myocardial hypertrophy was significantly reduced in the LQF and perindopril group. We also found that LQF and perindopril reduce the oxidative stress response in the heart of MI mice. The protein expression of NLRP3, ASC, Cle-caspase-1, IL-1β, TXNIP, Cle-caspase-3, and Bax was downregulated in the LHF and perindopril treatment group, and Bcl-2 expression was upregulated. Conclusion LQF and perindopril significantly attenuated cardiac injury and apoptosis in the MI model. In addition, we found that LQF effectively inhibited the activation of the NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1/IL-1β cascade, decreased inflammatory infiltration, delayed ventricular remodeling, and downregulated caspase-3/Bax signaling, which can effectively reduce the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Perindopril showed the same mechanism.
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9
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Zhou J, Wang Y, Feng Y, Chen X, Zhang Q. New indices of arterial stiffness correlate with disease severity and mid-term prognosis in acute decompensated heart failure. Intern Emerg Med 2021; 16:661-668. [PMID: 32888111 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02486-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Arterial stiffness has been implicated in pathophysiology of heart failure (HF) since it is involved in the ventricular-vascular coupling. Recently, new indices obtained by a cuff oscillometric technique, the arterial velocity pulse index (AVI) for the stiffness of central arteries and the arterial pressure volume index (API) for the stiffness of peripheral arteries have been developed and validated. However, the AVI and API measurement has not been attempted in HF population. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the AVI, API and clinical parameters and outcomes in HF patients. A prospective cohort of patients with acute decompensated HF were enrolled within 6 months, who were admitted to a tertiary referral hospital in China. Measurement of the AVI and API (AVE-1500, Shisei Datum, Tokyo, Japan) was performed on the day of admission and discharge. Patients were followed up to 6 months for the composite endpoint of all-cause death and rehospitalization for HF. A total of 127 patients were recruited for analysis (60 ± 15 years, 70% male). 80% of the patients were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III or IV at admission with mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 34 ± 9%. During hospitalization, all patients received guideline-directed medical therapy if not contraindicated. The AVI (27.3 ± 5.0 vs. 28.6 ± 6.7, P = 0.002) and API (24.9 ± 4.9 vs. 26.0 ± 6.5, P = 0.05) were lower at discharge than at admission. By dividing the patients into mild to severe group based on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and LVEF or into tertiles according to the amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), transmitral E velocity over mitral annular e' velocity (E/e' ratio), it was observed that the AVI increased with a higher level of NT-proBNP (P for trend < 0.001), a larger E/e' (P for trend < 0.001) and a lower LVEF (P for trend = 0.0183), while the API increased as the E/e' and systolic blood pressure became higher (both P for trend < 0.05). The improvement in AVI at discharge was correlated with LVEF (R = - 0.3024, P < 0.05) and NT-proBNP improvement (R = 0.3118, P < 0.05), while the change in API was positively correlated with SBP change (R = 0.3897, P < 0.001). In 6 months after discharge, there were 52 predefined events including 15 deaths and 44 rehospitalization for HF. Apart from the level of NT-proBNP, the AVI at discharge of ≥ 26 showed a trend of being associated with the composite outcome (HR 2.747, 95% CI 1.411-5.349, P < 0.001 for univariate analysis; HR 1.864, 95% CI 0.892-3.893, P = 0.09761 for multivariate analysis). New noninvasive arterial stiffness indices as the AVI and API reflected severity of illness and midterm prognosis in admitted HF patients. Further studies are warranted for understanding its mechanisms and developing clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junteng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yushu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu First People's Hospital, No. 18 North Wanxiang Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yizhou Feng
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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10
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Shokoples BG, Paradis P, Schiffrin EL. P2X7 Receptors: An Untapped Target for the Management of Cardiovascular Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 41:186-199. [PMID: 32998520 PMCID: PMC7752223 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation contributes to the development of several diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Adequate strategies to target inflammation in cardiovascular disease are in their infancy and remain an avenue of great interest. The purinergic receptor P2X7 is a ubiquitously expressed receptor that predominately mediates inflammation and cellular death. P2X7 is a ligand-gated cation channel that is activated in response to high concentrations of extracellular ATP, triggering the assembly and activation of the NLRP3 (nuclear oligomerization domain like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome and subsequent release of proinflammatory cytokines IL (interleukin)-1β and IL-18. Increased P2X7 activation and IL-1β and IL-18 concentrations have been implicated in the development of many cardiovascular conditions including hypertension, atherosclerosis, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and heart failure. P2X7 receptor KO (knockout) mice exhibit a significant attenuation of the inflammatory response, which corresponds with reduced disease severity. P2X7 antagonism blunts blood pressure elevation in hypertension and progression of atherosclerosis in animal models. IL-1β and IL-18 inhibition has shown efficacy in clinical trials reducing major adverse cardiac events, including myocardial infarction, and heart failure. With several P2X7 antagonists available with proven safety margins, P2X7 antagonism could represent an untapped potential for therapeutic intervention in cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon G. Shokoples
- Vascular and Hypertension Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (B.G.S., P.P., E.L.S.), Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Paradis
- Vascular and Hypertension Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (B.G.S., P.P., E.L.S.), Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ernesto L. Schiffrin
- Vascular and Hypertension Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (B.G.S., P.P., E.L.S.), Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine (E.L.S.), Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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11
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Wang Q, Wu J, Zeng Y, Chen K, Wang C, Yang S, Sun N, Chen H, Duan K, Zeng G. Pyroptosis: A pro-inflammatory type of cell death in cardiovascular disease. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 510:62-72. [PMID: 32622968 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a pro-inflammatory type of regulated cell death (RCD) characterized by gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated membrane pore formation, cell swelling and rapid lysis, followed by the massive release of pro-inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1β and interleukin-18. There are two main pathways of pyroptosis: the caspase-1-mediated canonical pathway and the caspase-4/5/11-mediated noncanonical pathway. However, the caspase-3-gasdermin E (GSDME) pathway and caspase-8-GSDMD pathway also induce pyroptosis. Pyroptosis can not only cause local inflammation but also lead to amplification of the inflammatory response. Recent studies have suggested that pyroptosis is closely related with cardiovascular disease (CVD); for example, in atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, heart failure, coronary calcification and aortic aneurysm, study results have promoted the development of inhibitors targeting the components related to pyroptosis, and some agents have been clinically proven to have cardiovascular benefits. In this review, we summarize emerging evidence to discuss the progressive understanding of pyroptosis and the pathways, effect and effectors of pyroptosis, as well as the role of pyroptosis in CVD. Additionally, we summarize pyroptosis-related pathway inhibitors and classic cardiovascular drugs targeting pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Heart Failure Prevention & Treatment of Hengyang, the Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, 421001 Hunan Province, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Heart Failure Prevention & Treatment of Hengyang, the Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, 421001 Hunan Province, China
| | - Yicheng Zeng
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, 421001 Hunan Province, China
| | - Kong Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Heart Failure Prevention & Treatment of Hengyang, the Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, 421001 Hunan Province, China
| | - Chuangxin Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Heart Failure Prevention & Treatment of Hengyang, the Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, 421001 Hunan Province, China
| | - Shiqi Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Heart Failure Prevention & Treatment of Hengyang, the Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, 421001 Hunan Province, China
| | - Nisi Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Heart Failure Prevention & Treatment of Hengyang, the Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, 421001 Hunan Province, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Heart Failure Prevention & Treatment of Hengyang, the Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, 421001 Hunan Province, China
| | - Kang Duan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Heart Failure Prevention & Treatment of Hengyang, the Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, 421001 Hunan Province, China
| | - Gaofeng Zeng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Heart Failure Prevention & Treatment of Hengyang, the Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, 421001 Hunan Province, China.
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12
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13
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Kang Y, Assuncao BL, Denduluri S, McCurdy S, Luger S, Lefebvre B, Carver J, Scherrer-Crosbie M. Symptomatic Heart Failure in Acute Leukemia Patients Treated With Anthracyclines. JACC: CARDIOONCOLOGY 2019; 1:208-217. [PMID: 32905430 PMCID: PMC7472996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2019.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence and develop a risk score for heart failure (HF) in acute leukemia. Background Knowledge is scarce regarding the incidence and risk factors of symptomatic HF in patients with acute leukemia. Methods Baseline clinical and echocardiographic parameters, including indices of cardiac function (left ventricular ejection fraction and myocardial strain [global longitudinal strain; GLS]), were obtained in 450 patients with acute leukemia treated with anthracyclines, before chemotherapy initiation. Potential risk factors for HF were evaluated using Fine and Gray’s regression analysis, and from this, a 21-point risk score was generated. Results Forty patients (8.9%) developed HF. The HF risk score included a baseline GLS >−15% (indicative of greater impairment) (6 points), baseline left ventricular ejection fraction <50%, pre-existing cardiovascular disease, acute myeloid leukemia (4 points each), cumulative anthracycline dose ≥250 mg/m2 (2 points), and age >60 years (1 point). Patients were stratified into low (score 0 to 6), moderate (score 7 to 13), and high risk (score 14 to 21). The estimated 1-year cumulative incidence of HF for low-, moderate-, and high-risk groups was 1.0%, 13.6%, and 35.0%, respectively (p < 0.001). The HF risk score was also predictive of all-cause mortality (p < 0.001). After adjustment for age and leukemia type, however, only GLS was significantly associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio: 1.73; 95% confidence interval: 1.30 to 2.31; p < 0.001). Conclusions We developed a baseline risk score to determine risk of HF in patients with acute leukemia. Additional studies are needed to determine the external validity of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kang
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bruna Leal Assuncao
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Srinivas Denduluri
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shannon McCurdy
- Division of Hematology and Oncology Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Selina Luger
- Division of Hematology and Oncology Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bénédicte Lefebvre
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph Carver
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. @mariellesc1
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14
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Cannie DE, Akhtar MM, Elliott P. Hidden in Heart Failure. Eur Cardiol 2019; 14:89-96. [PMID: 31360229 PMCID: PMC6659034 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2019.19.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current diagnostic strategies fail to illuminate the presence of rare disease in the heart failure population. One-third of heart failure patients are categorised as suffering an idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, while others are labelled only as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Those affected frequently suffer from delays in diagnosis, which can have a significant impact on quality of life and prognosis. Traditional rhetoric argues that delineation of this patient population is superfluous to treatment, as elucidation of aetiology will not lead to a deviation from standard management protocols. This article emphasises the importance of identifying genetic, inflammatory and infiltrative causes of heart failure to enable patients to access tailored management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Ewan Cannie
- University College London Institute for Cardiovascular Science London, UK.,Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust London, UK
| | - Mohammed Majid Akhtar
- University College London Institute for Cardiovascular Science London, UK.,Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust London, UK
| | - Perry Elliott
- University College London Institute for Cardiovascular Science London, UK.,Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust London, UK
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15
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Scherzer R, Shah SJ, Secemsky E, Butler J, Grunfeld C, Shlipak MG, Hsue PY. Association of Biomarker Clusters With Cardiac Phenotypes and Mortality in Patients With HIV Infection. Circ Heart Fail 2019; 11:e004312. [PMID: 29615435 PMCID: PMC5886751 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.117.004312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Although individual cardiac biomarkers are associated with heart failure risk and all-cause mortality in HIV-infected individuals, their combined use for prediction has not been well studied. Methods and Results: Unsupervised k-means cluster analysis was performed blinded to the study outcomes in 332 HIV-infected participants on 8 biomarkers: ST2, NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide), hsCRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), GDF-15 (growth differentiation factor 15), cystatin C, IL-6 (interleukin-6), D-dimer, and troponin. We evaluated cross-sectional associations of each cluster with diastolic dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension (defined as echocardiographic pulmonary artery systolic pressure ≥35 mm Hg), and longitudinal associations with all-cause mortality. The biomarker-derived clusters partitioned subjects into 3 groups. Cluster 3 (n=103) had higher levels of CRP, IL-6, and D-dimer (inflammatory phenotype). Cluster 2 (n=86) displayed elevated levels of ST2, NT-proBNP, and GDF-15 (cardiac phenotype). Cluster 1 (n=143) had lower levels of both phenotype-associated biomarkers. After multivariable adjustment for traditional and HIV-related risk factors, cluster 3 was associated with a 51% increased risk of diastolic dysfunction (95% confidence interval, 1.12–2.02), and cluster 2 was associated with a 67% increased risk of pulmonary hypertension (95% confidence interval, 1.04–2.68), relative to cluster 1. Over a median 6.9-year follow-up, 48 deaths occurred. Cluster 3 was independently associated with a 3.3-fold higher risk of mortality relative to cluster 1 (95% confidence interval, 1.3–8.1), and cluster 2 had a 3.1-fold increased risk (95% confidence interval, 1.1–8.4), even after controlling for diastolic dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, left ventricular mass, and ejection fraction. Conclusions: Serum biomarkers can be used to classify HIV-infected individuals into separate clusters for differentiating cardiopulmonary structural and functional abnormalities and can predict mortality independent of these structural and functional measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Scherzer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco (R.S., C.G., M.G.S.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (E.S.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B.). Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco (P.Y.H.)
| | - Sanjiv J Shah
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco (R.S., C.G., M.G.S.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (E.S.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B.). Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco (P.Y.H.)
| | - Eric Secemsky
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco (R.S., C.G., M.G.S.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (E.S.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B.). Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco (P.Y.H.)
| | - Javed Butler
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco (R.S., C.G., M.G.S.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (E.S.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B.). Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco (P.Y.H.)
| | - Carl Grunfeld
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco (R.S., C.G., M.G.S.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (E.S.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B.). Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco (P.Y.H.)
| | - Michael G Shlipak
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco (R.S., C.G., M.G.S.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (E.S.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B.). Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco (P.Y.H.)
| | - Priscilla Y Hsue
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco (R.S., C.G., M.G.S.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (E.S.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B.). Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco (P.Y.H.).
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16
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Heart Failure Epidemiology in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Without Coronary Heart Disease. J Card Fail 2019; 25:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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He R, Li Y, Zhou L, Su X, Li Y, Pan P, Hu C. miR-146b overexpression ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in vivo and in vitro. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:2929-2939. [PMID: 30500983 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a type of acute lung injury (ALI), which causes high morbidity and mortality. So far, effective clinical treatment of ARDS is still limited. Recently, miR-146b has been reported to play a key role in inflammation. In the present study, we evaluated the functional role of miR-146b in ARDS using the murine model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. The miR-146b expression could be induced by LPS stimulation, and miR-146b overexpression was required in the maintenance of body weight and survival of ALI mice; after miR-146b overexpression, LPS-induced lung injury, pulmonary inflammation, total cell and neutrophil counts, proinflammatory cytokines, and chemokines in bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were significantly reduced. The promotive effect of LPS on lung permeability through increasing total protein, albumin and IgM in BAL fluid could be partially reversed by miR-146b overexpression. Moreover, in murine alveolar macrophages, miR-146b overexpression reduced LPS-induced TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-1β releasing. Taken together, we demonstrated that miR-146b overexpression could effectively improve the LPS-induced ALI; miR-146b is a promising target in ARDS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoli Su
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pinhua Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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18
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Feriani DJ, Coelho-Júnior HJ, de Oliveira JCMF, Delbin MA, Mostarda CT, Dourado PMM, Caperuto ÉC, Irigoyen MCC, Rodrigues B. Pyridostigmine Improves the Effects of Resistance Exercise Training after Myocardial Infarction in Rats. Front Physiol 2018; 9:53. [PMID: 29483876 PMCID: PMC5816065 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Exercise training and pharmacological treatments are important strategies to minimize the deleterious effects of MI. However, little is known about the effects of resistance training combined with pyridostigmine bromide (PYR) treatment on cardiac and autonomic function, as well as on the inflammatory profile after MI. Thus, in the present study, male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into: control (Cont); sedentary infarcted (Inf); PYR – treated sedentary infarcted rats (Inf+P); infarcted rats undergoing resistance exercise training (Inf+RT); and infarcted rats undergoing PYR treatment plus resistance training (Inf+RT+P). After 12 weeks of resistance training (15–20 climbs per session, with a 1-min rest between each climb, at a low to moderate intensity, 5 days a week) and/or PYR treatment (0.14 mg/mL of drink water), hemodynamic function, autonomic modulation, and cytokine expressions were evaluated. We observed that 3 months of PYR treatment, either alone or in combination with exercise, can improve the deleterious effects of MI on left ventricle dimensions and function, baroreflex sensitivity, and autonomic parameters, as well as systemic and tissue inflammatory profile. Furthermore, additional benefits in a maximal load test and anti-inflammatory state of skeletal muscle were found when resistance training was combined with PYR treatment. Thus, our findings suggest that the combination of resistance training and PYR may be a good therapeutic strategy since they promote additional benefits on skeletal muscle anti-inflammatory profile after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele J Feriani
- Human Movement Laboratory, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculty of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria A Delbin
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Cristiano T Mostarda
- Faculty of Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Paulo M M Dourado
- Heart Institute (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Érico C Caperuto
- Human Movement Laboratory, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C C Irigoyen
- Heart Institute (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rodrigues
- Faculty of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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19
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Assuncao BMBL, Handschumacher MD, Brunner AM, Yucel E, Bartko PE, Cheng KH, Campos O, Fathi AT, Tan TC, Scherrer-Crosbie M. Acute Leukemia is Associated with Cardiac Alterations before Chemotherapy. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2017; 30:1111-1118. [PMID: 28927558 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with acute leukemia (AL) have a higher rate of congestive heart failure than patients with other cancers. AL may predispose to cardiac dysfunction before chemotherapy because of high cytokine release or direct leukemic myocardial infiltration. The aims of this study were to evaluate whether AL is associated with abnormalities of myocardial structure and function before chemotherapy and to identify possible risk factors associated with these myocardial changes. METHODS Using an echocardiographic database, 76 patients with AL and 76 patients without cancer matched for age, gender, hypertension, and the presence of diabetes were retrospectively selected. Subsequently, to assess the effect of a nonhematologic malignancy, 28 women in each group were matched with women with breast cancer. Left ventricular (LV) mass, volumes, ejection fraction, and global longitudinal strain (GLS) were measured before chemotherapy. RESULTS The patients were predominantly male (63%), with a median age of 51 years, and had low prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. Despite similar LV ejection fractions, patients with AL had higher LV mass and volumes and lower GLS (-19.3 ± 2.7% vs -20.9 ± 1.9%, P < .001) than patients without cancer. Similarly, GLS was lower in women with AL compared with women with breast cancer or without cancer. Among patients with AL, high body mass index, low LV ejection fraction, and a small number of circulating lymphocytes were all independently associated with low GLS. CONCLUSIONS Patients with AL had higher LV volumes and lower GLS than patients without cancer and lower GLS than patients with breast cancer, suggesting that AL by itself may be associated with these cardiac alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Morhy Borges Leal Assuncao
- Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Paulista School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mark D Handschumacher
- Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew M Brunner
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Evin Yucel
- Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Philipp E Bartko
- Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kai-Hung Cheng
- Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Orlando Campos
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Paulista School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amir T Fathi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy C Tan
- Blacktown Clinical School, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie
- Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Holmlund A, Lampa E, Lind L. Oral health and cardiovascular disease risk in a cohort of periodontitis patients. Atherosclerosis 2017; 262:101-106. [PMID: 28531825 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The aim of this study was to determine whether oral health is uniformly associated with three different cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and heart failure (HF), which has not been studied previously. METHODS A full mouth investigation was performed in 8999 individuals referred to a specialized periodontology clinic between 1979 and 2012. The number of deepened pockets (NDP), number of teeth (NT), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were investigated. Incident CVD diagnosis was obtained from the Swedish cause of death and the hospital discharge registers. RESULTS During a median follow-up time of 15.8 years (153,103 person years at risk), 1338 incident cases of fatal/non-fatal CVD occurred (672 fatal/non-fatal MI, 545 stroke and 302 HF). When NT, BOP and NDP were all included in the same model with age, sex, smoking, calendar time, and education level, NT and NDP, but not BOP, were significantly related to future CVD (combined end-point, p = 0.0003 for NT and p = 0.007 for NDP). In similar analyses of 3 separate CVD outcomes, NT was significantly related to MI, with an incidence rate ratio (IRR) for a given interquartile range change of 0.90 (95% CI 0.82-0.99) and to HF, with an IRR of 0.87 (95% CI 0.77-0.99). However, NT was not significantly related to stroke. BOP and NDP were not significantly related to any of the three separate CVD outcomes. CONCLUSION Oral health, mainly represented by NT, was related to incident MI and HF, but not to incident stroke. Therefore, oral health does not seem to relate to all major CV disorders in a similar fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Holmlund
- Department of Periodontology, The County Hospital of Gävle, Center for Research and Development, Uppsala University/Region of Gävleborg, Sweden.
| | - Erik Lampa
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Holmlund A, Lampa E, Lind L. Poor Response to Periodontal Treatment May Predict Future Cardiovascular Disease. J Dent Res 2017; 96:768-773. [PMID: 28363032 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517701901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), but whether the response to the treatment of periodontal disease affects this association has not been investigated in any large prospective study. Periodontal data obtained at baseline and 1 y after treatment were available in 5,297 individuals with remaining teeth who were treated at a specialized clinic for periodontal disease. Poor response to treatment was defined as having >10% sites with probing pocket depth >4 mm deep and bleeding on probing at ≥20% of the sites 1 y after active treatment. Fatal/nonfatal incidence rate of CVD (composite end point of myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure) was obtained from the Swedish cause-of-death and hospital discharge registers. Poisson regression analysis was performed to analyze future risk of CVD. During a median follow-up of 16.8 y (89,719 person-years at risk), those individuals who did not respond well to treatment (13.8% of the sample) had an increased incidence of CVD ( n = 870) when compared with responders (23.6 vs. 15.3%, P < 0.001). When adjusting for calendar time, age, sex, educational level, smoking, and baseline values for bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth >4 mm, and number of teeth, the incidence rate ratio for CVD among poor responders was 1.28 (95% CI, 1.07 to 1.53; P = 0.007) as opposed to good responders. The incidence rate ratio among poor responders increased to 1.39 (95% CI, 1.13 to 1.73; P = 0.002) for those with the most remaining teeth. Individuals who did not respond well to periodontal treatment had an increased risk for future CVD, indicating that successful periodontal treatment might influence progression of subclinical CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Holmlund
- 1 Department of Periodontology, County Hospital of Gävle; Center for Research and Development, Uppsala University/Region of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden
| | - E Lampa
- 2 Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Lind
- 2 Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Prevention of AMI Induced Ventricular Remodeling: Inhibitory Effects of Heart-Protecting Musk Pill on IL-6 and TNF-Alpha. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:3217395. [PMID: 28373886 PMCID: PMC5361051 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3217395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heart-Protecting Musk Pill (HMP) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) that has been used for the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease in clinic. The current study investigated the effect of HMP on the concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and observed the relationship between level changes of inflammatory cytokines and ventricular remodeling in rats with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Animal models of AMI were made by coronary artery ligation in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. AMI rats showed increased levels of IL-6 and TNF-α. Treatment with HMP decreases IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations in rats with AMI. Histopathological and transmission electron microscopic findings were also essentially in agreement with biochemical findings. The results of our study revealed that inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α induce cardiac remodeling in rats after AMI; HMP improves cardiac function and ameliorates ventricular remodeling by downregulating the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α and further suppressing the ultrastructural changes of myocardial cells.
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Increased serum C-reactive protein concentrations in dogs with congestive heart failure due to myxomatous mitral valve disease. Vet J 2015; 209:113-8. [PMID: 26831162 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease in humans and dogs is associated with mildly increased circulating concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP). Few studies have evaluated associations between circulating CRP and canine myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) and the results reported have been divergent. The aim of this study was to investigate whether serum concentrations of CRP, determined using a novel automated canine-specific high-sensitivity CRP assay (Gentian hsCRP), were associated with severity of MMVD and selected clinical variables in dogs. The study included 188 client-owned dogs with different severities of MMVD. Dogs were classified based on ACVIM consensus statement guidelines (group A, n = 58; group B1, n = 56; group B2, n = 38; group C, n = 36). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. Dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF; group C) had significantly higher CRP concentrations (median, 2.65 mg/L; quartile 1-quartile 3, 1.09-5.09) compared to dogs in groups A (median, 0.97 mg/L; quartile 1-quartile 3, <0.50-1.97; P = 0.001), B1 (median, 0.78 mg/L; quartile 1-quartile 3, <0.50-1.73, P <0.0001) and B2 (median, 0.60 mg/L; quartile 1-quartile 3, <0.50-1.23; P <0.0001). Other variables reflecting disease severity, including left atrial to aortic root ratio (P = 0.0002, adjusted r(2) = 0.07) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter normalised for bodyweight (P = 0.0005, adjusted r(2) = 0.06), were positively associated with CRP concentration, but the association disappeared if dogs with CHF were excluded from analysis. In conclusion, slightly higher CRP concentrations were found in dogs with CHF whereas severity of asymptomatic MMVD showed no association with CRP concentrations.
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Zhang HM, Fu J, Hamilton R, Diaz V, Zhang Y. The mammalian target of rapamycin modulates the immunoproteasome system in the heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 86:158-67. [PMID: 26239133 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays an important role in cardiac development and function. Inhibition of mTOR by rapamycin has been shown to attenuate pathological cardiac hypertrophy and improve the function of aging heart, accompanied by an inhibition of the cardiac proteasome activity. The current study aimed to determine the potential mechanism(s) by which mTOR inhibition modulates cardiac proteasome. Inhibition of mTOR by rapamycin was found to reduce primarily the immunoproteasome in both H9c2 cells in vitro and mouse heart in vivo, without significant effect on the constitutive proteasome and protein ubiquitination. Concurrent with the reduction of the immunoproteasome, rapamycin reduced two important inflammatory response pathways, the NF-κB and Stat3 signaling. In addition, rapamycin attenuated the induction of the immunoproteasome in H9c2 cells by inflammatory cytokines, including INFγ and TNFα, by suppressing NF-κB signaling. These data indicate that rapamycin indirectly modulated immunoproteasome through the suppression of inflammatory response pathways. Lastly, the role of the immunoproteasome during the development of cardiac hypertrophy was investigated. Administration of a specific inhibitor of the immunoproteasome ONX 0914 attenuated isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy, suggesting that the immunoproteasome may be involved in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and therefore could be a therapeutic target. In conclusion, rapamycin inhibits the immunoproteasome through its effect on the inflammatory signaling pathways and the immunoproteasome could be a potential therapeutic target for pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Jianliang Fu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ryan Hamilton
- Barshop Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78249, United States
| | - Vivian Diaz
- Barshop Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78249, United States
| | - Yiqiang Zhang
- Barshop Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78249, United States; Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78249, United States
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Rhea IB, Uppuluri S, Sawada S, Schneider BP, Feigenbaum H. Incremental Prognostic Value of Echocardiographic Strain and Its Association With Mortality in Cancer Patients. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2015; 28:667-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Toldo S, Mezzaroma E, Mauro AG, Salloum F, Van Tassell BW, Abbate A. The inflammasome in myocardial injury and cardiac remodeling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:1146-61. [PMID: 25330141 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE An inflammatory response follows an injury of any nature, and while such a response is an attempt to promote healing, it may, itself, result in further injury. RECENT ADVANCES The inflammasome is a macromolecular structure recently recognized as a central mediator in the acute inflammatory response. The inflammasome senses the injury and it amplifies the response by leading to the release of powerful pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. CRITICAL ISSUES The activation of the inflammasome in the heart during ischemic and nonischemic injury represents an exaggerated response to sterile injury and promotes adverse cardiac remodeling and failure. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Pilot clinical trials have explored blockade of the inflammasome-derived IL-1β and have shown beneficial effects on cardiac function. Additional clinical studies testing this approach are warranted. Moreover, specific inflammasome inhibitors that are ready for clinical use are currently lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Toldo
- 1 VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia
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Myeloid mineralocorticoid receptor deficiency inhibits aortic constriction-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110950. [PMID: 25354087 PMCID: PMC4212990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blockade has been shown to suppress cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling in animal models of pressure overload (POL). This study aims to determine whether MR deficiency in myeloid cells modulates aortic constriction-induced cardiovascular injuries. Myeloid MR knockout (MMRKO) mice and littermate control mice were subjected to abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) or sham operation. We found that AAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis were significantly attenuated in MMRKO mice. Expression of genes important in generating reactive oxygen species was decreased in MMRKO mice, while that of manganese superoxide dismutase increased. Furthermore, expression of genes important in cardiac metabolism was increased in MMRKO hearts. Macrophage infiltration in the heart was inhibited and expression of inflammatory genes was decreased in MMRKO mice. In addition, aortic fibrosis and inflammation were attenuated in MMRKO mice. Taken together, our data indicated that MR deficiency in myeloid cells effectively attenuated aortic constriction-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, as well as aortic fibrosis and inflammation.
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O'Brien LC, Mezzaroma E, Van Tassell BW, Marchetti C, Carbone S, Abbate A, Toldo S. Interleukin-18 as a therapeutic target in acute myocardial infarction and heart failure. Mol Med 2014; 20:221-9. [PMID: 24804827 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 18 (IL-18) is a proinflammatory cytokine in the IL-1 family that has been implicated in a number of disease states. In animal models of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), pressure overload, and LPS-induced dysfunction, IL-18 regulates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and induces cardiac contractile dysfunction and extracellular matrix remodeling. In patients, high IL-18 levels correlate with increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and with a worse prognosis in patients with established CVD. Two strategies have been used to counter the effects of IL-18:IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP), a naturally occurring protein, and a neutralizing IL-18 antibody. Recombinant human IL-18BP (r-hIL-18BP) has been investigated in animal studies and in phase I/II clinical trials for psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. A phase II clinical trial using a humanized monoclonal IL-18 antibody for type 2 diabetes is ongoing. Here we review the literature regarding the role of IL-18 in AMI and heart failure and the evidence and challenges of using IL-18BP and blocking IL-18 antibodies as a therapeutic strategy in patients with heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C O'Brien
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Eleonora Mezzaroma
- Victoria Johnson Research Laboratories, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America Virginia Commonwealth University Pauley Heart Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America Pharmacotherapy and Outcome Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Benjamin W Van Tassell
- Victoria Johnson Research Laboratories, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America Virginia Commonwealth University Pauley Heart Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America Pharmacotherapy and Outcome Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Carlo Marchetti
- Victoria Johnson Research Laboratories, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America Virginia Commonwealth University Pauley Heart Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Salvatore Carbone
- Victoria Johnson Research Laboratories, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America Virginia Commonwealth University Pauley Heart Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America Victoria Johnson Research Laboratories, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America Virginia Commonwealth University Pauley Heart Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Stefano Toldo
- Victoria Johnson Research Laboratories, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America Virginia Commonwealth University Pauley Heart Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
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Kalogeropoulos AP, Tang WHW, Hsu A, Felker GM, Hernandez AF, Troughton RW, Voors AA, Anker SD, Metra M, McMurray JJ, Massie BM, Ezekowitz JA, Califf RM, O’Connor CM, Starling RC, Butler J. High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein in Acute Heart Failure: Insights From the ASCEND-HF Trial. J Card Fail 2014; 20:319-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Valentini L, Ramminger S, Haas V, Postrach E, Werich M, Fischer A, Koller M, Swidsinski A, Bereswill S, Lochs H, Schulzke JD. Small intestinal permeability in older adults. Physiol Rep 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/phy2.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luzia Valentini
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Section of Nutritional Medicine; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Sara Ramminger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Section of Nutritional Medicine; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Verena Haas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Section of Nutritional Medicine; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Elisa Postrach
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Section of Nutritional Medicine; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Martina Werich
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Section of Nutritional Medicine; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - André Fischer
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Michael Koller
- Center for Clinical Studies; University Hospital Regensburg; Regensburg Germany
| | - Alexander Swidsinski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Section of Nutritional Medicine; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Stefan Bereswill
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Herbert Lochs
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Section of Nutritional Medicine; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
- Medical University Innsbruck; Rectorate Innsbruck Austria
| | - Jörg-Dieter Schulzke
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Section of Nutritional Medicine; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
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Valentini L, Ramminger S, Haas V, Postrach E, Werich M, Fischer A, Koller M, Swidsinski A, Bereswill S, Lochs H, Schulzke JD. Small intestinal permeability in older adults. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:e00281. [PMID: 24771689 PMCID: PMC4001874 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
It is not yet clear whether intestinal mucosal permeability changes with advancing age in humans. This question is of high importance for drug and nutrition approaches for older adults. Our main objective was to answer the question if small intestinal barrier integrity deteriorates with healthy aging. We conducted a cross‐sectional study including the pooled data of 215 nonsmoking healthy adults (93 female/122 male), 84 of whom were aged between 60 and 82 years. After a 12‐h fast, all participants ingested 10 g of lactulose and 5 g of mannitol. Urine was collected for 5 h afterwards and analyzed for test sugars. The permeability index (PI = lactulose/mannitol) was used to assess small intestinal permeability. Low‐grade inflammation defined by high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein ≥1 mL/L and kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate) were determined in the older age group. The PI was similar in older compared to younger adults (P =0.887). However, the urinary recovery of lactulose and mannitol was lower in the older adults and this change was neither associated with urinary volume nor glomerular filtration rate. The PI was not significantly correlated with low‐grade inflammation or presence of noninsulin‐dependent type 2 diabetes. However, it significantly deteriorated in the copresence of both conditions compared to low‐grade inflammation alone (P =0.043) or type 2 diabetes alone (P =0.015). Small intestinal mucosal barrier does not deteriorate with age per se. But low‐grade inflammation coupled with minor disease challenges, such as type 2 diabetes, can compromise the small intestinal barrier. Until now, it has not been clear if the small intestinal mucosal barrier deteriorates with age per se. We investigated the pooled data of 215 nonsmoking healthy adults, 84 of whom were aged between 60 and 82 years and found similar intestinal permeability results in all age classes. However, in participants with low‐grade inflammation coupled with type 2 diabetes the small intestinal integrity was compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzia Valentini
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Section of Nutritional Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Khan H, Kalogeropoulos AP, Zannad F, Marti CN, Wilson PWF, Georgiopoulou VV, Kanaya AM, Newman AB, Schelbert E, Harris TB, Kritchevsky S, Yancy C, Gheorghiade M, Fonarow GC, Butler J. Incident heart failure in relation to vascular disease: insights from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. Eur J Heart Fail 2014; 16:526-34. [PMID: 24578142 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The contribution of heart failure (HF) unrelated to vascular disease to the overall HF burden in older adults is not well characterized. This was investigated in this study. METHODS AND RESULTS We assessed HF incidence and outcomes in 2895 participants of the Health ABC Study (age 74 ± 3 years, 48.4% men, 41.4% black) in relation to vascular disease (coronary, peripheral, or cerebrovascular disease) either present at baseline or developed prior to HF. During 11.4 years follow-up, 493 participants developed HF; 134 (27.2%) in participants without any prior vascular disease and 177 (36.8%) without coronary disease. Both baseline [hazard ratio (HR) 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9-2.8] and incident vascular disease (HR 4.3, 95% CI 3.6-5.2) were associated with HF. During a median follow-up of 2.1 years after HF onset, 67.5% participants died. Annual mortality after HF development was 21.3% in those with compared with 24.6% in those without vascular disease (HR 1.11, 95% CI 0.87-1.43; P = 0.399). There were 658 all-cause (436.3/1000 person-years) and 523 HF-related (346.4/1000 person-years) hospitalizations after HF development. There was no significant difference in hospitalizations between those with and without vascular disease [rate ratio (RR) 1.04, 95% CI 0.86-1.24 for all-cause, and RR 0.84 95% CI 0.69-1.02 for HF hospitalization]. HF with preserved EF was more common in participants without vascular disease (67.0% vs. 55.0%, P = 0.040). CONCLUSION A significant proportion of HF in older adults develops without prior vascular disease. Outcomes for these patients are poor compared with those with preceding vascular disease. These data suggest the need for more targeted HF prediction and prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Khan
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Abstract
Heart failure is a prevalent and costly disease, and its management with polypharmacy is complex. Commonly available biomarkers primarily help to 1) establish or refute the diagnosis of heart failure; 2) help to determine the disease severity; and 3) identify adverse consequences of treatment. Although several of them are commonly ordered (such as electrolytes, renal and liver function), their use is primarily based on broad clinical experience rather than established evidence. The availability of cardiac-specific natriuretic peptide testing has provided an evidence-based breakthrough in our abilities to establish the diagnosis and severity of heart failure, yet the appropriate boundaries to guide management are still in refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Halkar
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - W. H. Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J3-4, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Engebretsen KVT, Lunde IG, Strand ME, Waehre A, Sjaastad I, Marstein HS, Skrbic B, Dahl CP, Askevold ET, Christensen G, Bjørnstad JL, Tønnessen T. Lumican is increased in experimental and clinical heart failure, and its production by cardiac fibroblasts is induced by mechanical and proinflammatory stimuli. FEBS J 2013; 280:2382-98. [PMID: 23480731 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During progression to heart failure (HF), myocardial extracellular matrix (ECM) alterations and tissue inflammation are central. Lumican is an ECM-localized proteoglycan associated with inflammatory conditions and known to bind collagens. We hypothesized that lumican plays a role in the dynamic alterations in cardiac ECM during development of HF. Thus, we examined left ventricular cardiac lumican in a mouse model of pressure overload and in HF patients, and investigated expression, regulation and effects of increased lumican in cardiac fibroblasts. After 4 weeks of aortic banding, mice were divided into groups of hypertrophy (AB) and HF (ABHF) based on lung weight and left atrial diameter. Sham-operated mice were used as controls. Accordingly, cardiac lumican mRNA and protein levels were increased in mice with ABHF. Similarly, cardiac biopsies from patients with end-stage HF revealed increased lumican mRNA and protein levels compared with control hearts. In vitro, mechanical stretch and the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β increased lumican mRNA as well as secreted lumican protein from cardiac fibroblasts. Stimulation with recombinant glycosylated lumican increased collagen type I alpha 2, lysyl oxidase and transforming growth factor-β1 mRNA, which was attenuated by costimulation with an inhibitor of the proinflammatory transcription factor NFκB. Furthermore, lumican increased the levels of the dimeric form of collagen type I, decreased the activity of the collagen-degrading enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-9 and increased the phosphorylation of fibrosis-inducing SMAD3. In conclusion, cardiac lumican is increased in experimental and clinical HF. Inflammation and mechanical stimuli induce lumican production by cardiac fibroblasts and increased lumican altered molecules important for cardiac remodeling and fibrosis in cardiac fibroblasts, indicating a role in HF development.
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Lehrer P. How Does Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Work? Resonance, the Baroreflex, and Other Mechanisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5298/1081-5937-41.1.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Heart rate variability biofeedback is known to have multiple effects on the cardiovascular system, the respiratory system, and emotional reactivity. This paper reviews the origins of work on heart rate variability biofeedback, and mechanisms for its various effects, including direct effects on the baroreflex system and gas exchange efficiency, as well as indirect effects on emotional reactivity and possibly inflammatory activity. Resonance in the cardiovascular system is explained, as well as ways that heart rate variability biofeedback stimulates these resonance effects, through interactions between respiratory sinus arrhythmia and the baroreflex system. Relationships of these mechanisms to various clinical applications of heart rate variability biofeedback are explored, as are future extensions of biofeedback to the vascular tone baroreflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lehrer
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School–UMDNJ, Piscataway, New Jersey
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Bracey NA, Beck PL, Muruve DA, Hirota SA, Guo J, Jabagi H, Wright Jr JR, MacDonald JA, Lees-Miller JP, Roach D, Semeniuk LM, Duff HJ. The Nlrp3 inflammasome promotes myocardial dysfunction in structural cardiomyopathy through interleukin-1β. Exp Physiol 2013; 98:462-72. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2012.068338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Ma KL, Liu J, Ni J, Zhang Y, Lv LL, Tang RN, Ni HF, Ruan XZ, Liu BC. Inflammatory stress exacerbates the progression of cardiac fibrosis in high-fat-fed apolipoprotein E knockout mice via endothelial-mesenchymal transition. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10:420-6. [PMID: 23471419 PMCID: PMC3590602 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.5723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in the progression of cardiac fibrosis. This study investigated whether inflammation exacerbated the progression of cardiac fibrosis in high-fat-fed apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) mice via endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). Methods Twenty-four male ApoE KO mice were divided into normal chow diet (Control), high-fat diet (HFD), or high-fat diet plus 10% casein injection (inflamed) groups for 8 weeks. The body weight of ApoE KO mice was measured at each week. The lipid profile and serum amyloid A (SAA) levels were examined using clinical biochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. Cardiac lipid and collagen accumulation was visualised with haematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson's trichrome staining. EndMT-related molecule expression was examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results SAA levels were increased in the inflamed group compared with the HFD and control groups, suggesting that inflammation was successfully induced. There were no differences in body weight among three groups at each week. Interestingly, inflammation significantly reduced serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels compared with the HFD mice. However, both foam cell formation in cardiac blood vessels and cardiac collagen deposition were increased in the inflamed group, as demonstrated by HE and Masson trichrome staining. Furthermore, inflammation reduced protein expression of CD31 and increased protein expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen I, which contribute to cardiac EndMT. Conclusions Inflammatory stress exacerbates the progression of cardiac fibrosis in high-fat-fed ApoE KO mice via EndMT, suggesting that hyperlipidaemia and inflammation act synergistically to redistribute plasma lipids to cardiac tissues and accelerate the progression of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ling Ma
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
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Dean E, Gormsen Hansen R. Prescribing optimal nutrition and physical activity as "first-line" interventions for best practice management of chronic low-grade inflammation associated with osteoarthritis: evidence synthesis. ARTHRITIS 2012; 2012:560634. [PMID: 23346399 PMCID: PMC3546455 DOI: 10.1155/2012/560634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress underlie chronic osteoarthritis. Although best-practice guidelines for osteoarthritis emphasize self-management including weight control and exercise, the role of lifestyle behavior change to address chronic low-grade inflammation has not been a focus of first-line management. This paper synthesizes the literature that supports the idea in which the Western diet and inactivity are proinflammatory, whereas a plant-based diet and activity are anti-inflammatory, and that low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress underlying osteoarthritis often coexist with lifestyle-related risk factors and conditions. We provide evidence-informed recommendations on how lifestyle behavior change can be integrated into "first-line" osteoarthritis management through teamwork and targeted evidence-based interventions. Healthy living can be exploited to reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, and related pain and disability and improve patients' overall health. This approach aligns with evidence-based best practice and holds the promise of eliminating or reducing chronic low-grade inflammation, attenuating disease progression, reducing weight, maximizing health by minimizing a patient's risk or manifestations of other lifestyle-related conditions hallmarked by chronic low-grade inflammation, and reducing the need for medications and surgery. This approach provides an informed cost effective basis for prevention, potential reversal, and management of signs and symptoms of chronic osteoarthritis and has implications for research paradigms in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Dean
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Rasmus Gormsen Hansen
- Department of Physical Therapy, Ringsted and Slagelse Hospitals, Region Zealand, Denmark
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The Completed Self: An Immunological View of the Human-Microbiome Superorganism and Risk of Chronic Diseases. ENTROPY 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/e14112036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Bai P, Virág L. Role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases in the regulation of inflammatory processes. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:3771-7. [PMID: 23022557 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PARP enzymes influence the immune system at several key points and thus modulate inflammatory diseases. PARP enzymes affect immune cell maturation and differentiation and regulate the expression of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase and adhesion molecules. Moreover, PARP enzymes are key regulators of cell death during inflammation-related oxidative and nitrosative stress. Here we provide an overview of the different inflammatory diseases regulated by PARP enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary.
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Lui KO, Bu L, Li RA, Chan CW. Pluripotent stem cell-based heart regeneration: From the developmental and immunological perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 96:98-108. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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