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Elias K, Smyczynska U, Stawiski K, Nowicka Z, Webber J, Kaplan J, Landen C, Lubinski J, Mukhopadhyay A, Chakraborty D, Connolly DC, Symecko H, Domchek SM, Garber JE, Konstantinopoulos P, Fendler W, Chowdhury D. Identification of BRCA1/2 mutation female carriers using circulating microRNA profiles. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3350. [PMID: 37291133 PMCID: PMC10250543 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38925-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying germline BRCA1/2 mutation carriers is vital for reducing their risk of breast and ovarian cancer. To derive a serum miRNA-based diagnostic test we used samples from 653 healthy women from six international cohorts, including 350 (53.6%) with BRCA1/2 mutations and 303 (46.4%) BRCA1/2 wild-type. All individuals were cancer-free before and at least 12 months after sampling. RNA-sequencing followed by differential expression analysis identified 19 miRNAs significantly associated with BRCA mutations, 10 of which were ultimately used for classification: hsa-miR-20b-5p, hsa-miR-19b-3p, hsa-let-7b-5p, hsa-miR-320b, hsa-miR-139-3p, hsa-miR-30d-5p, hsa-miR-17-5p, hsa-miR-182-5p, hsa-miR-421, hsa-miR-375-3p. The final logistic regression model achieved area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.89 (95% CI: 0.87-0.93), 93.88% sensitivity and 80.72% specificity in an independent validation cohort. Mutated gene, menopausal status or having preemptive oophorectomy did not affect classification performance. Circulating microRNAs may be used to identify BRCA1/2 mutations in patients of high risk of cancer, offering an opportunity to reduce screening costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Elias
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Urszula Smyczynska
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Konrad Stawiski
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Nowicka
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - James Webber
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jakub Kaplan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles Landen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jan Lubinski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center of the Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Asima Mukhopadhyay
- Kolkata Gynecology Oncology Trials and Translational Research Group, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Dona Chakraborty
- Kolkata Gynecology Oncology Trials and Translational Research Group, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Heather Symecko
- Basser Center for BRCA, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Basser Center for BRCA, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Judy E Garber
- Center for BRCA and Related Genes, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Panagiotis Konstantinopoulos
- Center for BRCA and Related Genes, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Dipanjan Chowdhury
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for BRCA and Related Genes, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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Loboda AP, Adonin LS, Zvereva SD, Guschin DY, Korneenko TV, Telegina AV, Kondratieva OK, Frolova SE, Pestov NB, Barlev NA. BRCA Mutations-The Achilles Heel of Breast, Ovarian and Other Epithelial Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054982. [PMID: 36902416 PMCID: PMC10003548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Two related tumor suppressor genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, attract a lot of attention from both fundamental and clinical points of view. Oncogenic hereditary mutations in these genes are firmly linked to the early onset of breast and ovarian cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms that drive extensive mutagenesis in these genes are not known. In this review, we hypothesize that one of the potential mechanisms behind this phenomenon can be mediated by Alu mobile genomic elements. Linking mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes to the general mechanisms of genome stability and DNA repair is critical to ensure the rationalized choice of anti-cancer therapy. Accordingly, we review the literature available on the mechanisms of DNA damage repair where these proteins are involved, and how the inactivating mutations in these genes (BRCAness) can be exploited in anti-cancer therapy. We also discuss a hypothesis explaining why breast and ovarian epithelial tissues are preferentially susceptible to mutations in BRCA genes. Finally, we discuss prospective novel therapeutic approaches for treating BRCAness cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P. Loboda
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | | | - Svetlana D. Zvereva
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Dmitri Y. Guschin
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Tatyana V. Korneenko
- Group of Cross-Linking Enzymes, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Nikolay B. Pestov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia
- Group of Cross-Linking Enzymes, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, 108819 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (N.B.P.); (N.A.B.)
| | - Nick A. Barlev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, 108819 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Cytology, Tikhoretsky ave 4, 194064 St-Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (N.B.P.); (N.A.B.)
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3
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Characterization of BRCA1-deficient premalignant tissues and cancers identifies Plekha5 as a tumor metastasis suppressor. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4875. [PMID: 32978388 PMCID: PMC7519681 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18637-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell whole-exome sequencing (scWES) is a powerful approach for deciphering intratumor heterogeneity and identifying cancer drivers. So far, however, simultaneous analysis of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number variations (CNVs) of a single cell has been challenging. By analyzing SNVs and CNVs simultaneously in bulk and single cells of premalignant tissues and tumors from mouse and human BRCA1-associated breast cancers, we discover an evolution process through which the tumors initiate from cells with SNVs affecting driver genes in the premalignant stage and malignantly progress later via CNVs acquired in chromosome regions with cancer driver genes. These events occur randomly and hit many putative cancer drivers besides p53 to generate unique genetic and pathological features for each tumor. Upon this, we finally identify a tumor metastasis suppressor Plekha5, whose deficiency promotes cancer metastasis to the liver and/or lung.
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4
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Remon J, Besse B, Leary A, Bièche I, Job B, Lacroix L, Auguste A, Mauduit M, Audigier-Valette C, Raimbourg J, Madroszyk A, Michels S, Bayar MA, Jimenez M, Soria JC, Rouleau E, Barlesi F. Somatic and Germline BRCA 1 and 2 Mutations in Advanced NSCLC From the SAFIR02-Lung Trial. JTO Clin Res Rep 2020; 1:100068. [PMID: 34589950 PMCID: PMC8474245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2020.100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Molecular profiling is considered a standard of care in advanced NSCLC. A comprehensive next-generation sequencing panel can discover somatic or germline BRCA1/2 mutations that are new druggable molecular alterations. However, the phenotypic and potential therapeutic relevance of BRCA1/2 mutation in NSCLC remains poorly defined. Methods From April 2014 to March 2017, 600 newly diagnosed, EGFR/ALK negative patients with advanced NSCLC were enrolled in the SAFIR02-Lung trial. Molecular profiling was done at study entry on archival tissue or frozen tissue collected from a new biopsy specimen before the third cycle of platinum-based chemotherapy. The prevalence of BRCA1/2 variants and its biological relevance were assessed. A homologous recombinant deficiency (HRD) score was based on the copy number variation data, and the germline status was determined by blood analysis. The BRCA Share database and the French CGG consortium were the references for the variant classification. Results Of 379 patients with a molecular profile discussed in a tumor molecular board, BRCA1/2 variants were identified in 20 patients (5.3%), including eight patients (2.1%) with a confirmed pathogenic BRCA mutation. Two patients (0.5%) harbored a germline BRCA2 mutation, and for six others, a somatic BRCA mutation was identified (1.6%). All were men and mainly smokers (88%). The overall response rate to chemotherapy was 13%. BRCA variants of unknown significance were detected in 12 patients (3.2%), achieving an 8.3% overall response rate with chemotherapy. One-third of tumors carrying pathogenic BRCA mutations or variants of unknown significance had biallelic inactivation and high HRD score. Overall survival of this cohort was 12.8 months. Conclusions Pathogenic BRCA1/2 mutations occur in 2.1% of patients with advanced NSCLC. The predictive role of BRCA mutation for making treatment decisions in NSCLC seems limited based on clinical response (low platinum sensitivity) and molecular features (discrepancy between biallelic inactivation and high HRD score).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Remon
- Cancer Medicine Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Benjamin Besse
- Cancer Medicine Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,University Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Alexandra Leary
- Cancer Medicine Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Service de Génétique des Tumeurs, Département de Biologie et Pathologie Médicale, INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Ivan Bièche
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Bastien Job
- Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle, AMMICA, INSERM US23/CNRS UNS3655, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Ludovic Lacroix
- Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle, AMMICA, INSERM US23/CNRS UNS3655, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Aurélie Auguste
- Service de Génétique des Tumeurs, Département de Biologie et Pathologie Médicale, INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle, AMMICA, INSERM US23/CNRS UNS3655, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | - Judith Raimbourg
- Oncology Department, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - Anne Madroszyk
- Pneumology Department, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Stefan Michels
- Service de Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Gustave Roussy and CESP, INSERM, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Mohammed Amine Bayar
- Service de Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Gustave Roussy and CESP, INSERM, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Jean-Charles Soria
- Cancer Medicine Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,University Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Etienne Rouleau
- Service de Génétique des Tumeurs, Département de Biologie et Pathologie Médicale, INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Barlesi
- Cancer Medicine Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CRCM, APHM, Marseille, France
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5
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Tobin NP, Foukakis T, De Petris L, Bergh J. The importance of molecular markers for diagnosis and selection of targeted treatments in patients with cancer. J Intern Med 2015; 278:545-70. [PMID: 26373821 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The past 30 years have seen the introduction of a number of cancer therapies with the aim of restricting the growth and spread of primary and metastatic tumours. A shared commonality among these therapies is their targeting of various aspects of the cancer hallmarks, that is traits that are essential to successful tumour propagation and dissemination. The evolution of molecular-scale technology has been central to the identification of new cancer targets, and it is not a coincidence that improved therapies have emerged at the same time as gene expression arrays and DNA sequencing have enhanced our understanding of cancer genetics. Modern tumour pathology is now viewed at the molecular level ranging from IHC biomarkers, to gene signature classifiers and gene mutations, all of which provide crucial information about which patients will respond to targeted therapy regimens. In this review, we briefly discuss the general types of targeted therapies used in a clinical setting and provide a short background on immunohistochemical, gene expression and DNA sequencing technologies, before focusing on three tumour types: breast, lung and colorectal cancers. For each of these cancer types, we provide a background to the disease along with an overview of the current standard therapies and then focus on the relevant targeted therapies and the pathways they inhibit. Finally, we highlight several strategies that are pivotal to the successful development of targeted anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Tobin
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Foukakis
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L De Petris
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Bergh
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Lou DI, McBee RM, Le UQ, Stone AC, Wilkerson GK, Demogines AM, Sawyer SL. Rapid evolution of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in humans and other primates. BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:155. [PMID: 25011685 PMCID: PMC4106182 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-14-155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The maintenance of chromosomal integrity is an essential task of every living organism and cellular repair mechanisms exist to guard against insults to DNA. Given the importance of this process, it is expected that DNA repair proteins would be evolutionarily conserved, exhibiting very minimal sequence change over time. However, BRCA1, an essential gene involved in DNA repair, has been reported to be evolving rapidly despite the fact that many protein-altering mutations within this gene convey a significantly elevated risk for breast and ovarian cancers. Results To obtain a deeper understanding of the evolutionary trajectory of BRCA1, we analyzed complete BRCA1 gene sequences from 23 primate species. We show that specific amino acid sites have experienced repeated selection for amino acid replacement over primate evolution. This selection has been focused specifically on humans and our closest living relatives, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus). After examining BRCA1 polymorphisms in 7 bonobo, 44 chimpanzee, and 44 rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) individuals, we find considerable variation within each of these species and evidence for recent selection in chimpanzee populations. Finally, we also sequenced and analyzed BRCA2 from 24 primate species and find that this gene has also evolved under positive selection. Conclusions While mutations leading to truncated forms of BRCA1 are clearly linked to cancer phenotypes in humans, there is also an underlying selective pressure in favor of amino acid-altering substitutions in this gene. A hypothesis where viruses are the drivers of this natural selection is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sara L Sawyer
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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7
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Vich P, Brusint B, Alvarez-Hernández C, Cuadrado-Rouco C, Diaz-García N, Redondo-Margüello E. [Update of breast cancer in primary care (I/V)]. Semergen 2014; 40:326-33. [PMID: 25002351 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a prevalent disease affecting all areas of the patients' lives. Therefore, family physicians should have a thorough knowledge of this disease in order to optimize the health care services for these patients, and making the best use of available resources. A series of 5 articles on breast cancer is presented below. It is based on a review of the scientific literature over the last 10 years. The first article reviews the epidemiology, risk factors, and protective factors in this disease This summary report aims to provide a current and practical review on breast cancer, providing answers to family doctors and helping them to support the patients for their benefit throughout their illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vich
- Centro de Salud Los Alpes, Madrid, España.
| | - B Brusint
- Centro de Salud Los Alpes, Madrid, España
| | - C Alvarez-Hernández
- Centro de Salud Canillejas, Madrid, España; Grupo de Actividades Preventivas SEMERGEN, España
| | | | - N Diaz-García
- Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España
| | - E Redondo-Margüello
- Grupo de Actividades Preventivas SEMERGEN, España; Centro de Salud Internacional, Madrid Salud, Madrid, España
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8
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9
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O’Sullivan CC, Moon DH, Kohn EC, Lee JM. Beyond Breast and Ovarian Cancers: PARP Inhibitors for BRCA Mutation-Associated and BRCA-Like Solid Tumors. Front Oncol 2014; 4:42. [PMID: 24616882 PMCID: PMC3937815 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have shown clinical activity in patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutation (gBRCAm)-associated breast and ovarian cancers. Accumulating evidence suggests that PARPi may have a wider application in the treatment of cancers defective in DNA damage repair pathways, such as prostate, lung, endometrial, and pancreatic cancers. Several PARPi are currently in phase I/II clinical investigation, as single-agents and/or combination therapy in these solid tumors. Understanding more about the molecular abnormalities involved in BRCA-like phenotype in solid tumors beyond breast and ovarian cancers, exploring novel therapeutic trial strategies and drug combinations, and defining potential predictive biomarkers are critical to expanding the scope of PARPi therapy. This will improve clinical outcome in advanced solid tumors. Here, we briefly review the preclinical data and clinical development of PARPi, and discuss its future development in solid tumors beyond gBRCAm-associated breast and ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara C. O’Sullivan
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dominic H. Moon
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Medical Research Scholars Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elise C. Kohn
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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10
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An investigation of genetic counselors' testing recommendations: pedigree analysis and the use of multiplex breast cancer panel testing. J Genet Couns 2014; 23:618-32. [PMID: 24569857 DOI: 10.1007/s10897-014-9692-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Genetic testing recommendations for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer involve pedigree analysis and consultation of testing guidelines. The testing landscape for hereditary cancer syndromes is shifting as multiplex panel tests become more widely integrated into clinical practice. The purpose of the current study was to assess how genetic counselors utilize pedigrees to make recommendations for genetic testing, to determine consistency of these recommendations with National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Guidelines and to explore current use of multiplex panel testing. Sixty-nine genetic counselors were recruited through the National Society of Genetic Counselors Cancer Special Interest Group's Discussion Forum. Participation involved pedigree analysis and completion of an online questionnaire assessing testing recommendations and use of multiplex panel testing. Pedigree analysis and test recommendations were scored for consistency with NCCN guidelines. The average score was 12.83/15 indicating strong consistency with NCCN guidelines. Participants were more likely to consider multiplex testing when pedigrees demonstrated highly penetrant dominant inheritance but were not indicative of a particular syndrome. Participant concerns about multiplex panel testing include limited guidelines for both testing eligibility and medical management. This study demonstrates high utilization of pedigree analysis and raises new questions about its use in multiplex genetic testing.
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11
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12
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Gierach GL, Yang XR, Figueroa JD, Sherman ME. Emerging Concepts in Breast Cancer Risk Prediction. CURRENT OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY REPORTS 2012; 2:43-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s13669-012-0034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Singh SA, Vlachos A, Morgenstern NJ, Ouansafi I, Ip W, Rommens JM, Durie P, Shimamura A, Lipton JM. Breast cancer in a case of Shwachman Diamond syndrome. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59:945-6. [PMID: 22213587 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Shwachman Diamond syndrome (SDS) is a rare inherited bone marrow failure syndrome (IBMFS) characterized by neutropenia, exocrine pancreatic dysfunction, and cancer predisposition. Patients are at risk for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) but, unlike other IBMFS, there have been no reported cases of solid tumors. We report a novel case of a solid tumor in a patient with SDS and biallelic mutations in the Shwachman Bodian Diamond Syndrome gene (SBDS). Whether the development of breast cancer in this patient is due to SDS or an isolated case due to unknown factors requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Singh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, New York 11040, USA.
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14
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Martínez-Ramírez OC, Pérez-Morales R, Castro C, Flores-Díaz A, Soto-Cruz KE, Astorga-Ramos A, Gonsebatt ME, Casas L, Valdés-Flores M, Rubio J. Polymorphisms of catechol estrogens metabolism pathway genes and breast cancer risk in Mexican women. Breast 2012; 22:335-43. [PMID: 23000097 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is associated to estrogen exposure. Allelic variants involved in estrogen metabolism might change the risk of developing this neoplasia. We examined the potential association of breast cancer risk in Mexican women with the polymorphisms CYP1A1 rs1048943, CYP1B1 rs1056836, COMT rs4680, GSTP1 rs1695, GSTT1 null and GSTM1 null which are involved in estrogen metabolism pathway. This study included 150 cases and 150 controls. A significant association was observed between, CYP1A1 rs1048943 (OR = 1.95, C.I. 1.13-3.36) and GSTP1 rs1695 (OR = 2.39, C.I. 1.24-4.24) polymorphisms with the risk of breast cancer. This risk was increased when the women were stratified according to their menopausal status. The results show that breast cancer risk significantly increases in women with 3-6 risk polymorphisms (OR = 3.75, C.I. 1.44-9.74).
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Affiliation(s)
- O C Martínez-Ramírez
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico
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15
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Abstract
Identification of germline mutations associated with significant cancer susceptibility has the potential to change all aspects of an individual's care, from screening to cancer treatment. For example, women with germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 have markedly elevated risks of breast and ovarian cancer and the identification of these germline mutations has led to specific screening and prevention strategies. More recently, advances in the understanding of the biological function of BRCA1 and BRCA2 have led to clinical trials testing targeted therapies in this population, particularly poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Unfortunately, the development of PARP inhibitors has not been as rapid as anticipated and has been more challenging than expected. Somatic mutations identified in many cancer types have allowed the development of therapeutics that target these mutated genes, and many of these agents obtained rapid regulatory approval and are currently in widespread clinical practice. Diagnostic testing has a central role in targeted cancer therapeutics for both somatic and germline mutations. Although the era of molecular medicine and targeted therapies has led to significant changes in the practice of oncology, new challenges continue to arise.
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16
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Martins FC, De S, Almendro V, Gönen M, Park SY, Blum JL, Herlihy W, Ethington G, Schnitt SJ, Tung N, Garber JE, Fetten K, Michor F, Polyak K. Evolutionary pathways in BRCA1-associated breast tumors. Cancer Discov 2012; 2:503-11. [PMID: 22628410 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-11-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BRCA1-associated breast tumors display loss of BRCA1 and frequent somatic mutations of PTEN and TP53. Here we describe the analysis of BRCA1, PTEN, and p53 at the single cell level in 55 BRCA1-associated breast tumors and computational methods to predict the relative temporal order of somatic events, on the basis of the frequency of cells with single or combined alterations. Although there is no obligatory order of events, we found that loss of PTEN is the most common first event and is associated with basal-like subtype, whereas in the majority of luminal tumors, mutation of TP53 occurs first and mutant PIK3CA is rarely detected. We also observed intratumor heterogeneity for the loss of wild-type BRCA1 and increased cell proliferation and centrosome amplification in the normal breast epithelium of BRCA1 mutation carriers. Our results have important implications for the design of chemopreventive and therapeutic interventions in this high-risk patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe C Martins
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, USA
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Moore-Smith L, Pasche B. TGFBR1 signaling and breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2011; 16:89-95. [PMID: 21461994 PMCID: PMC4753062 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-011-9216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade mutations discovered in genes such as BRCA1, BRCA2, TP53 and PTEN, have emerged as high-penetrance susceptibility genes and are clinically relevant for determination of breast cancer risk. Genetic counseling and subsequent screening for mutations and gene rearrangement has improved patient outcome through early detection and prophylactic interventions in patients with familial breast cancer syndromes. However, these high-penetrance genes only account for a small fraction of the hereditary linked breast cancers. It is currently believed that low-penetrance susceptibility alleles and/or environmental factors may play an important role in the remaining cases. TGFBR1*6A (*6A) is a common hypomorphic variant of the type I TGF-β receptor gene (TGFBR1) that has been associated with risk for several forms of cancer, in particular breast cancer. Several epidemiological studies have suggested that patients who carry the *6A allele have an increased risk of breast cancer. Furthermore, functional analysis suggests that this mutation alters TGF-β signaling and promotes tumorigenesis. Although a decade of research has provided basic information in regards to the prevalence of this mutation in several cancer types and populations the molecular underpinning of its functional effects are poorly understood. A better understanding of the molecular mechanism of TGFBR1 signaling in breast cancer may have an impact on breast cancer risk assessment and breast cancer prevention.
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