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Park YS, Cha MJ, Cho MS, Kim J, Nam GB, Choi KJ. Triventricular pacing with leadless pacemaker combined with cardiac resynchronization therapy in severe heart failure. HeartRhythm Case Rep 2024; 10:537-540. [PMID: 39155904 PMCID: PMC11328587 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrcr.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sun Park
- Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Cha
- Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Byoung Nam
- Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Joon Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Neuzil P, Petrů J, Šedivá L, Chovanec M, Šorf J, Funasako M. Retrieval and replacement feasibility of 7-year-old implanted leadless pacemaker with tines fixation. HeartRhythm Case Rep 2024; 10:2-5. [PMID: 38264113 PMCID: PMC10801068 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrcr.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Neuzil
- Cardiology Department, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Petrů
- Cardiology Department, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Šedivá
- Cardiology Department, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Chovanec
- Cardiology Department, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šorf
- Medtronic Czechia, Prague, Czech Republic
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Vouliotis AI, Roberts PR, Dilaveris P, Gatzoulis K, Yue A, Tsioufis K. Leadless Pacemakers: Current Achievements and Future Perspectives. Eur Cardiol 2023; 18:e49. [PMID: 37655133 PMCID: PMC10466270 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2022.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the technological advances in pacemaker technology, the transvenous implanted leads are still considered the Achilles' heel of this rhythm-control therapy. The leadless permanent pacemaker system was developed as an option to bypass the weakness of the transvenous approach. Advances in battery technology and deep miniaturisation of electronics now offer the opportunity to implant the whole pacemaker system into the right ventricle. This review aims to provide a comprehensive report on the advent of leadless pacemakers, their clinical usefulness and the future perspectives of this disruptive and promising technology. Further research is required before some of these technologies are safely and routinely used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Ilias Vouliotis
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital SouthamptonSouthampton, UK
- First University Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens, Greece
| | - Paul R Roberts
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital SouthamptonSouthampton, UK
| | - Polychronis Dilaveris
- First University Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Gatzoulis
- First University Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens, Greece
| | - Arthur Yue
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital SouthamptonSouthampton, UK
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- First University Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens, Greece
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Malaty MM, Sivagangabalan G, Qian PC. Beyond Conventional Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy: A Review of Electrophysiological Options in the Management of Chronic Heart Failure. Heart Lung Circ 2023; 32:905-913. [PMID: 37286460 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of heart failure (HF) continues to grow and burden our health care system. Electrophysiological aberrations are common amongst patients with heart failure and can contribute to worsening symptoms and prognosis. Targeting these abnormalities with cardiac and extra-cardiac device therapies and catheter ablation procedures augments cardiac function. Newer technologies aimed to improvement procedural outcomes, address known procedural limitations and target newer anatomical sites have been trialled recently. We review the role and evidence base for conventional cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) and its optimisation, catheter ablation therapies for atrial arrhythmias, cardiac contractility and autonomic modulation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Malaty
- Department of Cardiology, Blacktown Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gopal Sivagangabalan
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine, Sydney Campus, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pierre C Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Blacktown Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Westmead Applied Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Hua J, Kong Q, Chen Q. Alternative pacing strategies for optimal cardiac resynchronization therapy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:923394. [PMID: 36237907 PMCID: PMC9551024 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.923394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) via biventricular pacing (BVP) improves morbidity, mortality, and quality of life, especially in subsets of patients with impaired cardiac function and wide QRS. However, the rate of unsuccessful or complicated left ventricular (LV) lead placement through coronary sinus is 5-7%, and the rate of "CRT non-response" is approximately 30%. These reasons have pushed physicians and engineers to collaborate to overcome the challenges of LV lead implantation. Thus, various alternatives to BVP have been proposed to improve CRT effectiveness. His bundle pacing (HBP) has been increasingly used by activating the His-Purkinje system but is constrained by challenging implantation, low success rates, high and often unstable thresholds, and low perception. Therefore, the concept of pacing a specialized conduction system distal to the His bundle to bypass the block region was proposed. Multiple clinical studies have demonstrated that left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) has comparable electrical resynchronization with HBP but is superior in terms of simpler operation, higher success rates, lower and stable capture thresholds, and higher perception. Despite their well-demonstrated effectiveness, the transvenous lead-related complications remain major limitations. Recently, leadless LV pacing has been developed and demonstrated effective for these challenging patient cohorts. This article focuses on the current state and latest progress in HBP, LBBAP, and leadless LV pacing as alternatives for failed or non-responsive conventional CRT as well as their limits and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Doldi F, Biller B, Reinke F, Eckardt L. [New developments in leadless pacing systems]. Herz 2021; 46:513-519. [PMID: 34686910 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-021-05075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Leadless pacing systems, especially the Micra™ TPS system, deliver an effective and safe alternative to the previous conventional transvenous systems in patients with impossible transvenous access and seem to be compatible with other implantable devices (S-ICD, deep brain stimulators) with no limitations in efficacy or safety. Also, new outlooks on leadless resynchronization therapy seem promising and could prevent future patients from lead- or operation-associated complications. Current limits to the implementation in everyday clinical practice are mostly the unavailability of the devices or cost issues through lack of health insurance reimbursement. However, more promising data through further studies and rising implantation rates are expected based on the positive current clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Doldi
- Klinik für Kardiologie II - Rhythmologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Gebäude A1, 48149, Münster, Deutschland.
| | - Benedikt Biller
- Klinik für Kardiologie II - Rhythmologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Gebäude A1, 48149, Münster, Deutschland
| | - Florian Reinke
- Klinik für Kardiologie II - Rhythmologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Gebäude A1, 48149, Münster, Deutschland
| | - Lars Eckardt
- Klinik für Kardiologie II - Rhythmologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Gebäude A1, 48149, Münster, Deutschland
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Carabelli A, Jabeur M, Jacon P, Rinaldi CA, Leclercq C, Rovaris G, Arnold M, Venier S, Neuzil P, Defaye P. European experience with a first totally leadless cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker system. Europace 2021; 23:740-747. [PMID: 33313789 PMCID: PMC8139811 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euaa342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Totally leadless cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) can be delivered with a combination of Micra and WiSE-CRT systems. We describe the technical feasibility and first insights into the safety and efficacy of this combination in European experience. Methods and results Patients enrolled had indication for both Micra and WiSE-CRT systems because of heart failure related to high burden of pacing by a Micra necessitating system upgrade or inability to implant a conventional CRT system because of infectious or anatomical conditions. The endpoints of the study were technical success of WiSE-CRT implantation with right ventricle-synchonized CRT delivery, acute QRS duration reduction, and freedom from procedure-related major adverse events. All eight WiSE-CRT devices were able to detect the Micra pacing output and to be trained to deliver synchronous LV endocardial pacing. Acute QRS reduction following WiSE-CRT implantation was observed in all eight patients (mean QRS 204.38 ± 30.26 vs. 137.5 ± 24.75 mS, P = 0.012). Seven patients reached 6 months of follow-up. At 6 months after WiSE-CRT implantation, there was a significant increase in LV ejection fraction (28.43 ± 8.01% vs. 39.71 ± 11.89%; P = 0.018) but no evidence of LV reverse remodelling or improvement in New York Heart Association class. Conclusion The Micra and the WiSE-CRT systems can successfully operate together to deliver total leadless CRT to a patient. Moreover, the WiSE-CRT system provides the only means to upgrade the large population of Micra patients to CRT capability without replacing the Micra. The range of application of this combination could broaden in the future with the upcoming developments of leadless cardiac pacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Carabelli
- Arrhythmias Unit, Department of Cardiology, Grenoble University Hospital, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
| | - Mariem Jabeur
- Arrhythmias Unit, Department of Cardiology, Grenoble University Hospital, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
| | - Peggy Jacon
- Arrhythmias Unit, Department of Cardiology, Grenoble University Hospital, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
| | - Christopher Aldo Rinaldi
- Cardiology Department, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Christophe Leclercq
- Cardiology and vascular diseases Division, Rennes University Hospital, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Giovanni Rovaris
- Cardiology and Electrophysiology Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Martin Arnold
- Department of Cardiology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sandrine Venier
- Arrhythmias Unit, Department of Cardiology, Grenoble University Hospital, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
| | - Petr Neuzil
- Cardiology Department, Na Homolce Hospital, Roentgenova 2, Prague 515030, Czech Republic
| | - Pascal Defaye
- Arrhythmias Unit, Department of Cardiology, Grenoble University Hospital, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
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Keiler J, Meinel FG, Ortak J, Weber MA, Wree A, Streckenbach F. Morphometric Characterization of Human Coronary Veins and Subvenous Epicardial Adipose Tissue-Implications for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Leads. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 7:611160. [PMID: 33426007 PMCID: PMC7793918 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.611160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Subvenous epicardial fat tissue (SEAT), which acts as an electrical insulation, and the venous diameter (VD) both constitute histomorphological challenges for optimal application and lead design in cardiac synchronization therapy (CRT). In this study, we characterized the morphology of human coronary veins to improve the technical design of future CRT systems and to optimize the application of CRT leads. We retrospectively analyzed data from cardiac computed tomography (CT) of 53 patients and did studies of 14 human hearts using the postmortem freeze section technique and micro CT. Morphometric parameters (tributary distances, offspring angles, luminal VD, and SEAT thickness) were assessed. The left posterior ventricular vein (VVSP) had a mean proximal VD of 4.0 ± 1.4 mm, the left marginal vein (VMS) of 3.2 ± 1.5 mm and the anterior interventricular vein (VIA) of 3.9 ± 1.3 mm. More distally (5 cm), VDs decreased to 2.4 ± 0.6 mm, 2.3 ± 0.7 mm, and 2.4 ± 0.6 mm, respectively. In their proximal portions (15 mm), veins possessed mean SEAT thicknesses of 3.2 ± 2.4 (VVSP), 3.4 ± 2.4 mm (VMS), and 4.2 ± 2.8 mm (VIA), respectively. More distally (20-70 mm), mean SEAT thicknesses decreased to alternating low levels of 1.3 ± 1.1 mm (VVSP), 1.7 ± 1.1 mm (VMS), and 4.3 ± 2.6 mm (VIA), respectively. In contrast to the VD, SEAT thicknesses alternated along the further distal vein course and did not display a continuous decrease. Besides the CRT responsiveness of different areas of the LV myocardium, SEAT is a relevant electrophysiological factor in CRT, potentially interfering with sensing and pacing. A sufficient VD is crucial for successful CRT lead placement. Measurements revealed a trend toward greater SEAT thickness for the VIA compared to VVSP and VMS, suggesting a superior signal-to-noise-ratio in VVSP and VMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Keiler
- Department of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Felix G Meinel
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jasmin Ortak
- Rhythmology and Clinical Electrophysiology, Divisions of Cardiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marc-André Weber
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas Wree
- Department of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Felix Streckenbach
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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Keiler J, Schulze M, Dreger R, Springer A, Öner A, Wree A. Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment of Adhesive Thrombo-Fibrotic Lead Encapsulations (TFLE) of Pacemaker and ICD Leads in Arrhythmia Patients-A Post Mortem Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:602179. [PMID: 33330664 PMCID: PMC7734031 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.602179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for cardiac implantable electronic devices for arrhythmia therapy is still unabated and rising. Despite onward optimizations, lead-related problems such as infections or fractures often necessitate lead extraction. Due to adhesive thrombo-fibrotic lead encapsulations (TFLE) transvenous lead extraction is challenging and risky. However, knowledge on TFLEs and possible correlations with technical lead parameters and dwelling time (DT) were hitherto insufficiently studied. Therefore, we analyzed TFLEs of 62 lead from 35 body donor corpses to gain information for a potential lead design optimization. We examined both TFLE topography on the basis on anatomical landmarks and histo-morphological TFLE characteristics by means of histological paraffin sections and scanning electron microscopy of decellularized samples. The macroscopic analysis revealed that all leads were affected by TFLEs, mainly in the lead bearing veins. Half (47.2%) of the right-ventricular leads possessed adhesions to the tricuspid valve. On average, 49.9 ± 21.8% of the intravascular lead length was covered by TFLE of which 82.8 ± 16.2% were adhesive wall bindings (WB). The discrete TFLEs with at least one WB portion had a mean length of 95.0 ± 64.3 mm and a maximum of 200 mm. Neither sex, DT nor certain technical lead parameters showed distinct tendencies to promote or prevent TFLE. TFLE formation seems to start early in the first 1-2 weeks after implantation. The degree of fibrotization of the TFLE, starting with a thrombus, was reflected by the amount of compacted collagenous fibers and likewise largely independent from DT. TFLE thickness often reached several hundred micrometers. Calcifications were occasionally seen and appeared irregularly along the TFLE sheath. Leadless pacemaker systems have the advantage to overcome the problem with TFLEs but hold their own specific risks and limitations which are not fully known yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Keiler
- Department of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marko Schulze
- Department of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ronja Dreger
- Divisions of Cardiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Armin Springer
- Medical Biology and Electron Microscopy Center, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alper Öner
- Divisions of Cardiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas Wree
- Department of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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