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Ricci MF, Mazzeti AL, Barbosa JL, Machado FS, Bahia MT, Arantes RME, Souza SR. Profile of interstitial cells of Cajal in a murine model of chagasic megacolon. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20231337. [PMID: 38922281 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420231337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Disorders of gastrointestinal motility are the major physiologic problem in chagasic megacolon. The contraction mechanism is complex and controlled by different cell types such as enteric neurons, smooth muscle, telocytes, and an important pacemaker of the intestine, the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs). The role of ICCs in the progression of acute and chronic Chagas disease remains unclear. In the present work, we investigate the aspects of ICCs in a long-term model of Chagas disease that mimics the pathological aspects of human megacolon. Different subsets of ICCs isolated from Auerbach's myenteric plexuses and muscle layers of control and Trypanosoma cruzi infected animals were determined by analysis of CD117, CD44, and CD34 expression by flow cytometer. Compared with the respective controls, the results showed a reduced frequency of mature ICCs in the acute phase and three months after infection. These results demonstrate for the first time the phenotypic distribution of ICCs associated with functional dysfunction in a murine model of chagasic megacolon. This murine model proved valuable for studying the profile of ICCs as an integrative system in the gut and as a platform for understanding the mechanism of chagasic megacolon development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Fernanda Ricci
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Patologia, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana L Mazzeti
- Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e da Saúde, Av. Juca Stockler, 1130, 37900-106 Passos, MG, Brazil
| | - Joana L Barbosa
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabiana S Machado
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Terezinha Bahia
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Departamento de Biologia e Ciências Exatas, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, s/n, Bauxita, 35400-000 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Rosa Maria E Arantes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Patologia, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Samantha R Souza
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Departamento de Biologia e Ciências Exatas, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, s/n, Bauxita, 35400-000 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
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2
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O'Donnell MT, Haviland SM. Functional Constipation and Obstructed Defecation. Surg Clin North Am 2024; 104:565-578. [PMID: 38677821 DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Constipation encompasses symptoms of decreased colonic motility or difficulty with the defecation process. As a broad definition, this can be inclusive of functional constipation (FC) or colonic inertia, obstructed defecation (OD), and irritable bowel syndrome-constipation type (IBS-CS). After excluding IBS-C, FC and OD diagnosis and management require a multidisciplinary approach often involving nutritionists, pelvic floor therapists, urogynecologists, and colon and rectal surgeons. Differentiating the presence or absence of each can direct therapy and prognosticate chances for improvement in this often complex combination of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary T O'Donnell
- Department of General Surgery Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Colon and Rectal Surgery Division, 8901 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.
| | - Sarah M Haviland
- Department of General Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
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3
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Khan AA, Langston HC, Walsh L, Roscoe R, Jayawardhana S, Francisco AF, Taylor MC, McCann CJ, Kelly JM, Lewis MD. Enteric nervous system regeneration and functional cure of experimental digestive Chagas disease with trypanocidal chemotherapy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4400. [PMID: 38782898 PMCID: PMC11116530 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48749-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Digestive Chagas disease (DCD) is an enteric neuropathy caused by Trypanosoma cruzi infection. There is a lack of evidence on the mechanism of pathogenesis and rationales for treatment. We used a female C3H/HeN mouse model that recapitulates key clinical manifestations to study how infection dynamics shape DCD pathology and the impact of treatment with the front-line, anti-parasitic drug benznidazole. Curative treatment 6 weeks post-infection resulted in sustained recovery of gastrointestinal transit function, whereas treatment failure led to infection relapse and gradual return of DCD symptoms. Neuro/immune gene expression patterns shifted from chronic inflammation to a tissue repair profile after cure, accompanied by increased cellular proliferation, glial cell marker expression and recovery of neuronal density in the myenteric plexus. Delaying treatment until 24 weeks post-infection led to partial reversal of DCD, suggesting the accumulation of permanent tissue damage over the course of chronic infection. Our study shows that murine DCD pathogenesis is sustained by chronic T. cruzi infection and is not an inevitable consequence of acute stage denervation. The risk of irreversible enteric neuromuscular tissue damage and dysfunction developing highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment. These findings support the concept of treating asymptomatic, T. cruzi-infected individuals with benznidazole to prevent DCD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archie A Khan
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK
| | - Harry C Langston
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK
| | - Louis Walsh
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Roscoe
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK
| | - Shiromani Jayawardhana
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK
| | - Amanda Fortes Francisco
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK
| | - Martin C Taylor
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK
| | - Conor J McCann
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - John M Kelly
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK
| | - Michael D Lewis
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK.
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, CV4 7AJ, Coventry, UK.
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4
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Kaufman CD, Farré C, Biscari L, Pérez AR, Alloatti A. Trypanosoma cruzi, Chagas disease and cancer: putting together the pieces of a complex puzzle. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1260423. [PMID: 38188016 PMCID: PMC10768204 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1260423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Considering the extensive and widespread impact on individuals, cancer can presently be categorized as a pandemic. In many instances, the development of tumors has been linked to endemic microbe infections. Among parasitic infections, Trypanosoma cruzi stands out as one of the most extensively discussed protozoans in the literature that explores the association between diseases of parasite origin and cancer. However, the effective association remains an unsolved paradox. Both the parasite, along with protozoan-derived molecules, and the associated antiparasitic immune response can induce alterations in various host cell pathways, leading to modifications in cell cycle, metabolism, glycosylation, DNA mutations, or changes in neuronal signaling. Furthermore, the presence of the parasite can trigger cell death or a senescent phenotype and modulate the immune system, the metastatic cascade, and the formation of new blood vessels. The interaction among the parasite (and its molecules), the host, and cancer undoubtedly encompasses various mechanisms that operate differentially depending on the context. Remarkably, contrary to expectations, the evidence tilts the balance toward inhibiting tumor growth or resisting tumor development. This effect is primarily observed in malignant cells, rather than normal cells, indicating a selective or specific component. Nevertheless, nonspecific bystander mechanisms, such as T. cruzi's adjuvancy or the presence of proinflammatory cytokines, may also play a significant role in this phenomenon. This work aims to elucidate this complex scenario by synthesizing the main findings presented in the literature and by proposing new questions and answers, thereby adding pieces to this challenging puzzle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Daniela Kaufman
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Farré
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación y Producción de Reactivos Biológicos, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Lucía Biscari
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ana Rosa Pérez
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Andrés Alloatti
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
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Olivo-Freites C, Sy H, Cardenas-Alvarez J, Vega-Batista F, Henao-Martínez AF. Trypanosoma cruzi Central Nervous System Infection-Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Treatment. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2023; 10:186-198. [PMID: 38983718 PMCID: PMC11233130 DOI: 10.1007/s40475-023-00300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected tropical disease from the American continent that commonly causes cardiovascular disease. Some patients develop neurological manifestations. We discuss and summarize the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of the central nervous system manifestations of CD. Recent Findings Cerebrospinal fluid quantitative polymerase chain reaction tests and next-generation sequencing in tissue samples have facilitated disease diagnosis and follow-up. Novel presentations, including retinitis, are now reported. A new MRI sign called "Bunch of açai berries appearance"-multiple hypointense nodular lesions-has been described recently. Treatment with benznidazole at higher doses and the role of therapeutic drug monitoring need to be further studied in this setting. Summary A high suspicion index is paramount to diagnosing Chagas' central nervous system involvement. Standardized molecular diagnostics can aid in the initial workup. Future development of new therapeutic drugs is crucial because of the toxicity profile of the currently available medications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hendrik Sy
- Division of Infectious Disease, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jorge Cardenas-Alvarez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Andrés F Henao-Martínez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Mail Stop B168, Aurora, CO, USA
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6
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Gulisano LM, Ianiro Swiderski JJ, Fernández ML, Giuliano JF, Fernández Stepa AL, Dominguez C, Nahoum N, Jourdan J, Trombetta LÁ, García JL. Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction syndrome in patients with severe COVID-19 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Travel Med Infect Dis 2023; 54:102604. [PMID: 37315827 PMCID: PMC10260265 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several gastrointestinal complications have been reported in patients with COVID-19, including motility disorders, such as acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (ACPO). This affection is characterized by colonic distention in the absence of mechanical obstruction. ACPO in the context of severe COVID-19 may be related to neurotropism and direct damage of SARS-CoV-2 in enterocytes. METHOD We conducted a retrospective study of patients who were hospitalized for critical COVID-19 and developed ACPO between March 2020 and September 2021. The diagnostic criteria to define ACPO was the presence of 2 or more of the following: abdominal distension, abdominal pain, and changes in the bowel movements, associated with distension of the colon in computed tomography. Data of sex, age, past medical history, treatment, and outcomes were collected. RESULTS Five patients were detected. All required admission to the Intensive Care Unit. The ACPO syndrome developed with a mean of 33.8 days from the onset of symptoms. The mean duration of the ACPO syndrome was 24.6 days. The treatment included colonic decompression with placement of rectal and nasogastric tubes, endoscopy decompression in two patients, bowel rest, fluid, and electrolytes replacement. One patient died. The remaining resolved the gastrointestinal symptoms without surgery. CONCLUSIONS ACPO is an infrequent complication in patients with COVID-19. It occurs especially in patients with critical condition, who require prolonged stays in intensive care and multiple pharmacological treatments. It is important to recognize its presence early and thus establish an appropriate treatment, since the risk of complications is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana María Gulisano
- Hospital de Infecciosas F.J. Muñiz, Department of Infectious Diseases, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | | | | | | | - Cecilia Dominguez
- Hospital de Infecciosas F.J. Muñiz, Intensive Care Unit, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Nahoum
- Hospital de Infecciosas F.J. Muñiz, Department of Infectious Diseases, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Johana Jourdan
- Hospital de Infecciosas F.J. Muñiz, Department of Infectious Diseases, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis Ángel Trombetta
- Hospital de Infecciosas F.J. Muñiz, Department of Infectious Diseases, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julián Luis García
- Hospital de Infecciosas F.J. Muñiz, Department of Infectious Diseases, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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7
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Marin-Neto JA, Rassi A, Oliveira GMM, Correia LCL, Ramos Júnior AN, Luquetti AO, Hasslocher-Moreno AM, Sousa ASD, Paola AAVD, Sousa ACS, Ribeiro ALP, Correia Filho D, Souza DDSMD, Cunha-Neto E, Ramires FJA, Bacal F, Nunes MDCP, Martinelli Filho M, Scanavacca MI, Saraiva RM, Oliveira Júnior WAD, Lorga-Filho AM, Guimarães ADJBDA, Braga ALL, Oliveira ASD, Sarabanda AVL, Pinto AYDN, Carmo AALD, Schmidt A, Costa ARD, Ianni BM, Markman Filho B, Rochitte CE, Macêdo CT, Mady C, Chevillard C, Virgens CMBD, Castro CND, Britto CFDPDC, Pisani C, Rassi DDC, Sobral Filho DC, Almeida DRD, Bocchi EA, Mesquita ET, Mendes FDSNS, Gondim FTP, Silva GMSD, Peixoto GDL, Lima GGD, Veloso HH, Moreira HT, Lopes HB, Pinto IMF, Ferreira JMBB, Nunes JPS, Barreto-Filho JAS, Saraiva JFK, Lannes-Vieira J, Oliveira JLM, Armaganijan LV, Martins LC, Sangenis LHC, Barbosa MPT, Almeida-Santos MA, Simões MV, Yasuda MAS, Moreira MDCV, Higuchi MDL, Monteiro MRDCC, Mediano MFF, Lima MM, Oliveira MTD, Romano MMD, Araujo NNSLD, Medeiros PDTJ, Alves RV, Teixeira RA, Pedrosa RC, Aras Junior R, Torres RM, Povoa RMDS, Rassi SG, Alves SMM, Tavares SBDN, Palmeira SL, Silva Júnior TLD, Rodrigues TDR, Madrini Junior V, Brant VMDC, Dutra WO, Dias JCP. SBC Guideline on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Cardiomyopathy of Chagas Disease - 2023. Arq Bras Cardiol 2023; 120:e20230269. [PMID: 37377258 PMCID: PMC10344417 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20230269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Marin-Neto
- Universidade de São Paulo , Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto , Ribeirão Preto , SP - Brasil
| | - Anis Rassi
- Hospital do Coração Anis Rassi , Goiânia , GO - Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Alejandro Ostermayer Luquetti
- Centro de Estudos da Doença de Chagas , Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás , Goiânia , GO - Brasil
| | | | - Andréa Silvestre de Sousa
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz , Rio de Janeiro , RJ - Brasil
| | | | - Antônio Carlos Sobral Sousa
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe , São Cristóvão , SE - Brasil
- Hospital São Lucas , Rede D`Or São Luiz , Aracaju , SE - Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Edecio Cunha-Neto
- Universidade de São Paulo , Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade, São Paulo , SP - Brasil
| | - Felix Jose Alvarez Ramires
- Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , SP - Brasil
| | - Fernando Bacal
- Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , SP - Brasil
| | | | - Martino Martinelli Filho
- Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , SP - Brasil
| | - Maurício Ibrahim Scanavacca
- Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , SP - Brasil
| | - Roberto Magalhães Saraiva
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz , Rio de Janeiro , RJ - Brasil
| | | | - Adalberto Menezes Lorga-Filho
- Instituto de Moléstias Cardiovasculares , São José do Rio Preto , SP - Brasil
- Hospital de Base de Rio Preto , São José do Rio Preto , SP - Brasil
| | | | | | - Adriana Sarmento de Oliveira
- Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , SP - Brasil
| | | | - Ana Yecê das Neves Pinto
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz , Rio de Janeiro , RJ - Brasil
| | | | - Andre Schmidt
- Universidade de São Paulo , Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto , Ribeirão Preto , SP - Brasil
| | - Andréa Rodrigues da Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz , Rio de Janeiro , RJ - Brasil
| | - Barbara Maria Ianni
- Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , SP - Brasil
| | | | - Carlos Eduardo Rochitte
- Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , SP - Brasil
- Hcor , Associação Beneficente Síria , São Paulo , SP - Brasil
| | | | - Charles Mady
- Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , SP - Brasil
| | - Christophe Chevillard
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Marselha - França
| | | | | | | | - Cristiano Pisani
- Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Edimar Alcides Bocchi
- Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , SP - Brasil
| | - Evandro Tinoco Mesquita
- Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro da Faculdade Federal Fluminense , Niterói , RJ - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Henrique Horta Veloso
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz , Rio de Janeiro , RJ - Brasil
| | - Henrique Turin Moreira
- Hospital das Clínicas , Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | - João Paulo Silva Nunes
- Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , SP - Brasil
- Fundação Zerbini, Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luiz Cláudio Martins
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Faculdade de Ciências Médicas , Campinas , SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Marcos Vinicius Simões
- Universidade de São Paulo , Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto , Ribeirão Preto , SP - Brasil
| | | | | | - Maria de Lourdes Higuchi
- Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , SP - Brasil
| | | | - Mauro Felippe Felix Mediano
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz , Rio de Janeiro , RJ - Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia (INC), Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
| | - Mayara Maia Lima
- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde , Ministério da Saúde , Brasília , DF - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Renato Vieira Alves
- Instituto René Rachou , Fundação Oswaldo Cruz , Belo Horizonte , MG - Brasil
| | - Ricardo Alkmim Teixeira
- Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , SP - Brasil
| | - Roberto Coury Pedrosa
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho , Instituto do Coração Edson Saad - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , RJ - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Silvia Marinho Martins Alves
- Ambulatório de Doença de Chagas e Insuficiência Cardíaca do Pronto Socorro Cardiológico Universitário da Universidade de Pernambuco (PROCAPE/UPE), Recife , PE - Brasil
| | | | - Swamy Lima Palmeira
- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde , Ministério da Saúde , Brasília , DF - Brasil
| | | | | | - Vagner Madrini Junior
- Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , SP - Brasil
| | | | | | - João Carlos Pinto Dias
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz , Rio de Janeiro , RJ - Brasil
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8
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Reséndiz-Mora A, Barrera-Aveleida G, Sotelo-Rodríguez A, Galarce-Sosa I, Nevárez-Lechuga I, Santiago-Hernández JC, Nogueda-Torres B, Meza-Toledo S, Gómez-Manzo S, Wong-Baeza I, Baeza I, Wong-Baeza C. Effect of B-NIPOx in Experimental Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010333. [PMID: 36613783 PMCID: PMC9820238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and represents a major public health problem, which is endemic in Latin America and emerging in the rest of the world. The two drugs that are currently available for its treatment, Benznidazole and Nifurtimox, are partially effective in the chronic phase of the disease. In this study, we designed and synthesized the benzyl ester of N-isopropyl oxamic acid (B-NIPOx), which is a non-polar molecule that crosses cell membranes. B-NIPOx is cleaved inside the parasite by carboxylesterases, releasing benzyl alcohol (a molecule with antimicrobial activity), and NIPOx, which is an inhibitor of α-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase isozyme II (HADH-II), a key enzyme in T. cruzi metabolism. We evaluated B-NIPOx cytotoxicity, its toxicity in mice, and its inhibitory activity on purified HADH-II and on T. cruzi homogenates. We then evaluated the trypanocidal activity of B-NIPOx in vitro and in vivo and its effect in the intestine of T. cruzi-infected mice. We found that B-NIPOx had higher trypanocidal activity on epimastigotes and trypomastigotes than Benznidazole and Nifurtimox, that it was more effective to reduce blood parasitemia and amastigote nests in infected mice, and that, in contrast to the reference drugs, it prevented the development of Chagasic enteropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albany Reséndiz-Mora
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Giovanna Barrera-Aveleida
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Anahi Sotelo-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Iván Galarce-Sosa
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Irene Nevárez-Lechuga
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Santiago-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Nogueda-Torres
- Laboratorio de Helmintología, Departamento de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Sergio Meza-Toledo
- Laboratorio de Quimioterapia Experimental, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Isabel Wong-Baeza
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular II, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Isabel Baeza
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Correspondence: (I.B.); (C.W.-B.); Tel.: +52-55-5729-6000 (ext. 62326) (I.B. & C.W.-B.)
| | - Carlos Wong-Baeza
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Correspondence: (I.B.); (C.W.-B.); Tel.: +52-55-5729-6000 (ext. 62326) (I.B. & C.W.-B.)
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Freire T, Landeira M, Giacomini C, Festari MF, Pittini Á, Cardozo V, Brosque A, Monin L, da Costa V, Faral-Tello P, Robello C, Osinaga E. Trypanosoma cruzi-Derived Molecules Induce Anti-Tumour Protection by Favouring Both Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315032. [PMID: 36499361 PMCID: PMC9739173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Thus, the development of strategies against this type of cancer is of high value. Parasite infections can correlate with lower cancer incidence in humans and their use as vaccines has been recently explored in preclinical models. In this study, we investigated whether immunisations with a Trypanosoma cruzi lysate from epimastigotes protect from lung tumour growth in mice. We also explore the role of parasite glycans in the induction of the protective immune response. A pre-clinical murine cancer model using the lung tumour cell line LL/2 was used to evaluate the anti-tumour potential, both in preventive and therapeutic settings, of a T. cruzi epimastigote-derived protein lysate. Immunisation with the parasite lysate prevents tumour growth and induces both humoral and cellular anti-tumour immune responses to LL-2 cancer cells. The induced immunity and tumour protection were associated with the activation of natural killer (NK) cells, the production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumour cell cytotoxicity. We also show that mannose residues in the T. cruzi lysate induce Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling. The evaluated T. cruzi lysate possesses anti-tumour properties likely by activating innate and adaptive immunity in a process where carbohydrates seem to be essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Freire
- Laboratorio de Inmunomodulación y Vacunas, Departamento Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Gral Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (E.O.)
| | - Mercedes Landeira
- Laboratorio de Inmunomodulación y Vacunas, Departamento Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Gral Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Giacomini
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, UdelaR, Gral Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - María Florencia Festari
- Laboratorio de Inmunomodulación y Vacunas, Departamento Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Gral Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Álvaro Pittini
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Gral Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Viviana Cardozo
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Alina Brosque
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Leticia Monin
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Valeria da Costa
- Laboratorio de Inmunomodulación y Vacunas, Departamento Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Gral Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Paula Faral-Tello
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Hospedero-Patógeno, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Robello
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Hospedero-Patógeno, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Gral Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Eduardo Osinaga
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Gral Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (E.O.)
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10
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Neuroprotective Treatments for Digestive Forms of Chagas Disease in Experimental Models: A Systematic Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9397290. [PMID: 36199427 PMCID: PMC9527410 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9397290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is an anthropozoonosis caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and is characterized as a neglected disease. It is currently endemic in 21 countries on the Latin American continent, including Bolivia, Argentina, and Paraguay. Unfortunately, there are no optimally effective treatments that can reduce the damage caused in the digestive form of the disease, such as the neuronal destruction of the myenteric plexus of both the esophagus and the colon. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review was to report the possible pharmacological neuroprotective agents that were tested in murine models of the digestive form of Chagas disease. Inclusion criteria are in vivo experimental studies that used different murine models for digestive forms of Chagas disease related to pharmacological interventions with neuroprotective potential, without year and language restriction. On the other hand, the exclusion criteria were studies that did not approach murine models with the digestive form of the disease or did not use neuroprotective treatments, among others. The search in the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and LILACS databases was performed on September 4, 2021. In addition, a manual search was performed using the references of the included articles. The risk of bias assessment of the studies was performed based on the SYRCLE tool guidelines, and the data from the selected articles are presented in this review as a narrative description and in tables. Eight articles were included, 4 of which addressed treatment with acetylsalicylic acid, 3 with cyclophosphamide, and 1 with Lycopodium clavatum 13c. In view of the results of the studies, most of them show neuroprotective activity of the treatments, with the potential to reduce the number of damaged neurons, as well as positive changes in the structure of these cells. However, more studies are needed to understand the mechanisms triggered by each drug, as well as their safety and immunogenicity. Systematic review registration is as follows: PROSPERO database (CRD42022289746).
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Ricci MF, Béla SR, Barbosa JL, Moraes MM, Mazzeti AL, Bahia MT, Horta LS, Santiago HDC, Cruz JS, Capettini LDSA, Arantes RME. A Potential Role of Cholinergic Dysfunction on Impaired Colon Motility in Experimental Intestinal Chagas Disease. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 28:483-500. [PMID: 35799242 PMCID: PMC9274474 DOI: 10.5056/jnm21074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Chagasic megacolon is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, which promotes in several cases, irreversible segmental colonic dilation. This alteration is the major anatomic-clinical disorder, characterized by the enteric nervous system and muscle wall structural damage. Herein, we investigate how T. cruzi-induced progressive colonic structural changes modulate the colonic contractile pattern activity. Methods We developed a murine model of T. cruzi-infection that reproduced long-term modifications of the enlarged colon. We evaluated colonic and total intestinal transit time in animals. The patterns of motor response at several time intervals between the acute and chronic phases were evaluated using the organ bath assays. Enteric motor neurons were stimulated by electric field stimulation. The responses were analyzed in the presence of the nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists. Western blot was performed to evaluate the expression of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. The neurotransmitter expression was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results In the chronic phase of infection, there was decreased intestinal motility associated with decreased amplitude and rhythmicity of intestinal contractility. Pharmacological tests suggested a defective response mediated by acetylcholine receptors. The contractile response induced by acetylcholine was decreased by atropine in the acute phase while the lack of its action in the chronic phase was associated with tissue damage, and decreased expression of choline acetyltransferase, nicotinic subunits of acetylcholine receptors, and neurotransmitters. Conclusions T. cruzi-induced damage of smooth muscles was accompanied by motility disorders such as decreased intestinal peristalsis and cholinergic system response impairment. This study allows integration of the natural history of Chagasic megacolon motility disorders and opens new perspectives for the design of effective therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra F Ricci
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Samantha R Béla
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Joana L Barbosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Michele M Moraes
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Ana L Mazzeti
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Maria T Bahia
- Escola de Medicina & Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Laila S Horta
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Helton da C Santiago
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Jader S Cruz
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Luciano dos S A Capettini
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Rosa M E Arantes
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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The Colombian Strain of Trypanosoma cruzi Induces a Proinflammatory Profile, Neuronal Death, and Collagen Deposition in the Intestine of C57BL/6 Mice Both during the Acute and Early Chronic Phase. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:7641357. [PMID: 35069009 PMCID: PMC8769873 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7641357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the histopathological changes caused by infection with the Colombian strain of Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) in the acute and chronic experimental phases. C57Bl/6 mice were infected with 1000 trypomastigote forms of the Colombian strain of T. cruzi. After 30 days (acute phase) and 90 days (early chronic phase) of infection, the animals were euthanized, and the colon was collected and divided into two parts: proximal and distal. The distal portion was used for histopathological analysis, whereas the proximal portion was used for quantification of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, the weight of the animals and parasitemia were assessed. The infection induced gradual weight loss in the animals. In addition, the infection induced an increase in interferon gamma (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the intestine in the acute phase, in which this increase continued until the early chronic phase. The same was observed in relation to the presence of intestinal inflammatory infiltrates. In relation to interleukin (IL)-10, there was an increase only in the early chronic phase. The Colombian strain infection was also able to induce neuronal loss in the myenteric plexus and deposition of the collagen fibers during the acute phase. The Colombian strain of T. cruzi is capable of causing histopathological changes in the intestine of infected mice, especially in inducing neuronal destructions. Thus, this strain can also be used to study the intestinal form of Chagas disease in experimental models.
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13
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Medina-Rincón GJ, Gallo-Bernal S, Jiménez PA, Cruz-Saavedra L, Ramírez JD, Rodríguez MJ, Medina-Mur R, Díaz-Nassif G, Valderrama-Achury MD, Medina HM. Molecular and Clinical Aspects of Chronic Manifestations in Chagas Disease: A State-of-the-Art Review. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111493. [PMID: 34832648 PMCID: PMC8619182 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic manifestations of Chagas disease present as disabling and life-threatening conditions affecting mainly the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems. Although meaningful research has outlined the different molecular mechanisms underlying Trypanosoma cruzi’s infection and the host-parasite interactions that follow, prompt diagnosis and treatment remain a challenge, particularly in developing countries and also in those where the disease is considered non-endemic. This review intends to present an up-to-date review of the parasite’s life cycle, genetic diversity, virulence factors, and infective mechanisms, as well as the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment options of the main chronic complications of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán J. Medina-Rincón
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; (S.G.-B.); (M.D.V.-A.); (H.M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-310-817-2369
| | - Sebastián Gallo-Bernal
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; (S.G.-B.); (M.D.V.-A.); (H.M.M.)
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Paula A. Jiménez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; (P.A.J.); (L.C.-S.); (J.D.R.)
| | - Lissa Cruz-Saavedra
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; (P.A.J.); (L.C.-S.); (J.D.R.)
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; (P.A.J.); (L.C.-S.); (J.D.R.)
| | - María Juliana Rodríguez
- Division of Cardiology, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá 110131, Colombia; (M.J.R.); (R.M.-M.)
| | - Ramón Medina-Mur
- Division of Cardiology, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá 110131, Colombia; (M.J.R.); (R.M.-M.)
| | - Gustavo Díaz-Nassif
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá 111221, Colombia;
| | | | - Héctor M. Medina
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; (S.G.-B.); (M.D.V.-A.); (H.M.M.)
- Division of Cardiology, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá 110131, Colombia; (M.J.R.); (R.M.-M.)
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Mitochondria as a Cellular Hub in Infection and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111338. [PMID: 34768767 PMCID: PMC8583510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the energy center of the cell. They are found in the cell cytoplasm as dynamic networks where they adapt energy production based on the cell’s needs. They are also at the center of the proinflammatory response and have essential roles in the response against pathogenic infections. Mitochondria are a major site for production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS; or free radicals), which are essential to fight infection. However, excessive and uncontrolled production can become deleterious to the cell, leading to mitochondrial and tissue damage. Pathogens exploit the role of mitochondria during infection by affecting the oxidative phosphorylation mechanism (OXPHOS), mitochondrial network and disrupting the communication between the nucleus and the mitochondria. The role of mitochondria in these biological processes makes these organelle good targets for the development of therapeutic strategies. In this review, we presented a summary of the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria and their involvement in the pathogen response, as well as the potential promising mitochondrial targets for the fight against infectious diseases and chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Ayo CM, Bestetti RB, de Campos Junior E, Ronchi LS, Borim AA, Brandão CC, de Matttos LC. MICA and KIR: Immunogenetic Factors Influencing Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction and Digestive Clinical Form of Chronic Chagas Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:714766. [PMID: 34489964 PMCID: PMC8418128 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage observed in the clinical forms of chronic symptomatic Chagas disease seems to have a close relationship with the intensity of the inflammatory process. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the MICA (MHC class I-related chain A) and KIR (killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors) polymorphisms are associated with the cardiac and digestive clinical forms of chronic Chagas disease. Possible influence of these genes polymorphisms on the left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) in patients with chronic Chagas heart disease was also evaluated. This study enrolled 185 patients with positive serology for Trypanosoma cruzi classified according to the clinical form of the disease: cardiac (n=107) and digestive (n=78). Subsequently, patients with the cardiac form of the disease were sub-classified as with LVSD (n=52) and without LVSD (n=55). A control group was formed of 110 healthy individuals. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide probes (PCR-SSOP). Statistical analyzes were carried out using the Chi-square test and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was also calculated to evaluate the risk association. MICA-129 allele with high affinity for the NKG2D receptor was associated to the LVSD in patients with CCHD. The haplotype MICA*008~HLA-C*06 and the KIR2DS2-/KIR2DL2-/KIR2DL3+/C1+ combination were associated to the digestive clinical form of the disease. Our data showed that the MICA and KIR polymorphisms may exert a role in the LVSD of cardiac patients, and in digestive form of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Maria Ayo
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Medicine School in São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Bulgarelli Bestetti
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Medicine School in São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Sérgio Ronchi
- Surgery Department, Medicine School in São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Aldenis Albaneze Borim
- Surgery Department, Medicine School in São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Cinara Cássia Brandão
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Medicine School in São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos de Matttos
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Medicine School in São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
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de Souza Marques F, Duarte THC, Xavier VF, Ferraz AT, das Mercês AC, Silva TVC, Mendes LC, da Fonseca Medeiros L, Perin L, Mathias FAS, da Silva Fonseca K, Nogueira-Paiva NC, Carneiro CM, de Abreu Vieira PM. Different infective forms trigger distinct lesions in the colon during experimental Chagas disease. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3475-3486. [PMID: 34476583 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07236-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
With the control of vectorial transmission of Chagas disease caused by metacyclic trypomastigotes (MT) in endemic countries, other pathways of infection have become important. The infection caused by blood trypomastigotes (BT) is relevant in places where the blood transfusion and organ transplantation are poorly controlled. This study aimed to evaluate immunopathogenic parameters in the colon during the acute and chronic phases of experimental infection in Swiss mice infected with BT or MT forms of VL-10 strain of Trypanosoma cruzi. We have found that animals infected with MT forms presented lower survival rate, and higher tissue parasitism in the acute phase of the disease, which may be associated with the exacerbated activation of the immune system with the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines even in the chronic phase of infection. Taken together, these results can also be associated to the maintenance of the inflammatory process in chronic phase and an earlier denervation of myenteric plexus in colon. These findings emphasized the importance of the inoculum source and the strain, once different forms of different strains seem to promote distinct diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia de Souza Marques
- Laboratory of Morphopathology, Department of Biological Sciences, Nucleus of Biological Sciences Research, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thays Helena Chaves Duarte
- Laboratory of Morphopathology, Department of Biological Sciences, Nucleus of Biological Sciences Research, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Viviane Flores Xavier
- Laboratory of Morphopathology, Department of Biological Sciences, Nucleus of Biological Sciences Research, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aline Tonhela Ferraz
- Laboratory of Morphopathology, Department of Biological Sciences, Nucleus of Biological Sciences Research, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aline Coelho das Mercês
- Laboratory of Morphopathology, Department of Biological Sciences, Nucleus of Biological Sciences Research, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thaís Vieira Carvalho Silva
- Laboratory of Morphopathology, Department of Biological Sciences, Nucleus of Biological Sciences Research, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lívia Carvalho Mendes
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Nucleus of Biological Sciences Research, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciana da Fonseca Medeiros
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Nucleus of Biological Sciences Research, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luísa Perin
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Nucleus of Biological Sciences Research, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando Augusto Siqueira Mathias
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Nucleus of Biological Sciences Research, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kátia da Silva Fonseca
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Nucleus of Biological Sciences Research, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nivia Carolina Nogueira-Paiva
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Nucleus of Biological Sciences Research, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Martins Carneiro
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Nucleus of Biological Sciences Research, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula Melo de Abreu Vieira
- Laboratory of Morphopathology, Department of Biological Sciences, Nucleus of Biological Sciences Research, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Khan AA, Langston HC, Costa FC, Olmo F, Taylor MC, McCann CJ, Kelly JM, Lewis MD. Local association of Trypanosoma cruzi chronic infection foci and enteric neuropathic lesions at the tissue micro-domain scale. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009864. [PMID: 34424944 PMCID: PMC8412264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Digestive Chagas disease (DCD) is an enteric neuropathy caused by Trypanosoma cruzi infection. The mechanism of pathogenesis is poorly understood and the lack of a robust, predictive animal model has held back research. We screened a series of mouse models using gastrointestinal tracer assays and in vivo infection imaging systems to discover a subset exhibiting chronic digestive transit dysfunction and significant retention of faeces in both sated and fasted conditions. The colon was a specific site of both tissue parasite persistence, delayed transit and dramatic loss of myenteric neurons as revealed by whole-mount immunofluorescence analysis. DCD mice therefore recapitulated key clinical manifestations of human disease. We also exploited dual reporter transgenic parasites to home in on locations of rare chronic infection foci in the colon by ex vivo bioluminescence imaging and then used fluorescence imaging in tissue microdomains to reveal co-localisation of infection and enteric nervous system lesions. This indicates that long-term T. cruzi-host interactions in the colon drive DCD pathogenesis, suggesting that the efficacy of anti-parasitic chemotherapy against chronic disease progression warrants further pre-clinical investigation. Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Chagas disease has two types, the cardiac form and the digestive form; some patients have symptoms of both. How the parasite causes digestive disease is poorly understood. It is known that damage to the gut’s nervous system is an important factor, but it has been unclear exactly where and when this damage occurs during the course of an infection and also why only a subset of infected people suffer from this outcome. We studied infections in mice and found certain combinations of strains of parasites and mice that exhibited symptoms similar to human digestive Chagas patients, including a problem with peristalsis that localised specifically to the colon. Using parasites that were genetically engineered to emit both bioluminescent and fluorescent light, we tracked infections over time and were able to analyse rare infected cells deep within the muscle tissue of the wall of the colon. We found evidence of damaged neurons in the same location as these infection foci over 6 months after initial infection. Our results show that digestive Chagas disease probably develops as a result of chronic infection and inflammation, which potentially changes approaches to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archie A. Khan
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harry C. Langston
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fernanda C. Costa
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco Olmo
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin C. Taylor
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Conor J. McCann
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - John M. Kelly
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D. Lewis
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Brun P, Conti J, Zatta V, Russo V, Scarpa M, Kotsafti A, Porzionato A, De Caro R, Scarpa M, Fassan M, Calistri A, Castagliuolo I. Persistent Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection of Enteric Neurons Triggers CD8 + T Cell Response and Gastrointestinal Neuromuscular Dysfunction. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:615350. [PMID: 34094993 PMCID: PMC8169984 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.615350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Behind the central nervous system, neurotropic viruses can reach and persist even in the enteric nervous system (ENS), the neuronal network embedded in the gut wall. We recently reported that immediately following orogastric (OG) administration, Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 infects murine enteric neurons and recruits mononuclear cells in the myenteric plexus. In the current work, we took those findings a step forward by investigating the persistence of HSV-1 in the ENS and the local adaptive immune responses against HSV-1 that might contribute to neuronal damage in an animal model. Our study demonstrated specific viral RNA transcripts and proteins in the longitudinal muscle layer containing the myenteric plexus (LMMP) up to 10 weeks post HSV-1 infection. CD3+CD8+INFγ+ lymphocytes skewed towards HSV-1 antigens infiltrated the myenteric ganglia starting from the 6th week of infection and persist up to 10 weeks post-OG HSV-1 inoculation. CD3+CD8+ cells isolated from the LMMP of the infected mice recognized HSV-1 antigens expressed by infected enteric neurons. In vivo, infiltrating activated lymphocytes were involved in controlling viral replication and intestinal neuromuscular dysfunction. Indeed, by depleting the CD8+ cells by administering specific monoclonal antibody we observed a partial amelioration of intestinal dysmotility in HSV-1 infected mice but increased expression of viral genes. Our findings demonstrate that HSV-1 persistently infects enteric neurons that in turn express viral antigens, leading them to recruit activated CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes. The T-cell responses toward HSV-1 antigens persistently expressed in enteric neurons can alter the integrity of the ENS predisposing to neuromuscular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Brun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Jessica Conti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Zatta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Venera Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Melania Scarpa
- Laboratory of Advanced Translational Research, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Andromachi Kotsafti
- Laboratory of Advanced Translational Research, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele De Caro
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Scarpa
- General Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Arianna Calistri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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In focus in HCB. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 155:435-438. [PMID: 33846859 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-021-01986-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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do Carmo Neto JR, Braga YLL, da Costa AWF, Lucio FH, do Nascimento TC, dos Reis MA, Celes MRN, de Oliveira FA, Machado JR, da Silva MV. Biomarkers and Their Possible Functions in the Intestinal Microenvironment of Chagasic Megacolon: An Overview of the (Neuro)inflammatory Process. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:6668739. [PMID: 33928170 PMCID: PMC8049798 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6668739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between inflammatory processes and intestinal neuronal destruction during the progression of Chagasic megacolon is well established. However, many other components play essential roles, both in the long-term progression and control of the clinical status of patients infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Components such as neuronal subpopulations, enteric glial cells, mast cells and their proteases, and homeostasis-related proteins from several organic systems (serotonin and galectins) are differentially involved in the progression of Chagasic megacolon. This review is aimed at revealing the characteristics of the intestinal microenvironment found in Chagasic megacolon by using different types of already used biomarkers. Information regarding these components may provide new therapeutic alternatives and improve the understanding of the association between T. cruzi infection and immune, endocrine, and neurological system changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Rodrigues do Carmo Neto
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Yarlla Loyane Lira Braga
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Arthur Wilson Florêncio da Costa
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Hélia Lucio
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Thais Cardoso do Nascimento
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Marlene Antônia dos Reis
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mara Rubia Nunes Celes
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Flávia Aparecida de Oliveira
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Juliana Reis Machado
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinícius da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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21
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do Carmo Neto JR, Vinicius da Silva M, Braga YLL, Florencio da Costa AW, Fonseca SG, Nagib PRA, Nunes Celes MR, Oliveira MAP, Machado JR. Correlation between intestinal BMP2, IFNγ, and neural death in experimental infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246692. [PMID: 33561140 PMCID: PMC7872263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Megacolon is one of the main late complications of Chagas disease, affecting approximately 10% of symptomatic patients. However, studies are needed to understand the mechanisms involved in the progression of this condition. During infection by Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), an inflammatory profile sets in that is involved in neural death, and this destruction is known to be essential for megacolon progression. One of the proteins related to the maintenance of intestinal neurons is the type 2 bone morphogenetic protein (BMP2). Intestinal BMP2 homeostasis is directly involved in the maintenance of organ function. Thus, the aim of this study was to correlate the production of intestinal BMP2 with immunopathological changes in C57Bl/6 mice infected with the T. cruzi Y strain in the acute and chronic phases. The mice were infected with 1000 blood trypomastigote forms. After euthanasia, the colon was collected, divided into two fragments, and a half was used for histological analysis and the other half for BMP2, IFNγ, TNF-α, and IL-10 quantification. The infection induced increased intestinal IFNγ and BMP2 production during the acute phase as well as an increase in the inflammatory infiltrate. In contrast, a decreased number of neurons in the myenteric plexus were observed during this phase. Collagen deposition increased gradually throughout the infection, as demonstrated in the chronic phase. Additionally, a BMP2 increase during the acute phase was positively correlated with intestinal IFNγ. In the same analyzed period, BMP2 and IFNγ showed negative correlations with the number of neurons in the myenteric plexus. As the first report of BMP2 alteration after infection by T. cruzi, we suggest that this imbalance is not only related to neuronal damage but may also represent a new route for maintaining the intestinal proinflammatory profile during the acute phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Rodrigues do Carmo Neto
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinicius da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Yarlla Loyane Lira Braga
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil
| | - Arthur Wilson Florencio da Costa
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil
| | - Simone Gonçalves Fonseca
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil
| | - Patricia Resende Alô Nagib
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil
| | - Mara Rúbia Nunes Celes
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil
| | - Milton Adriano Pelli Oliveira
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil
| | - Juliana Reis Machado
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Martins PR, Fakhry J, de Oliveira AJ, Moreira TB, Fothergill LJ, de Oliveira EC, Reis DD, Furness JB. The distribution and chemical coding of enteroendocrine cells in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected individuals with chagasic megacolon. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 155:451-462. [PMID: 33404704 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01947-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by the parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi that causes chronic cardiac and digestive dysfunction. Megacolon, an irreversible dilation of the left colon, is the main feature of the gastrointestinal form of Chagas disease. Patients have severe constipation, a consequence of enteric neuron degeneration associated with chronic inflammation. Dysmotility, infection, neuronal loss and a chronic exacerbated inflammation, all observed in Chagas disease, can affect enteroendocrine cells (EEC) expression, which in turn, could influence the inflammatory process. In this study, we investigated the distribution and chemical coding of EEC in the dilated and non-dilated portion of T. cruzi-induced megacolon and in non-infected individuals (control colon). Using immunohistochemistry, EECs were identified by applying antibodies to chromogranin A (CgA), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), peptide YY (PYY) and somatostatin (SST). Greater numbers of EEC expressing GLP-1 and SST occurred in the dilated portion compared to the non-dilated portion of the same patients with Chagas disease and in control colon, but numbers of 5-HT and PYY EEC were not significantly different. However, it was noticeable that EEC in which 5-HT and PYY were co-expressed were common in control colon, but were rare in the non-dilated and absent in the dilated portion of chagasic megacolon. An increase in the number of CgA immunoreactive EEC in chagasic patients reflected the increases in EEC numbers summarised above. Our data suggests that the denervation and associated chronic inflammation are accompanied by changes in the number and coding of EEC that could contribute to disorders of motility and defence in the chagasic megacolon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Rocha Martins
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Josiane Fakhry
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | | | - Thayse Batista Moreira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Linda J Fothergill
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | | | | | - John B Furness
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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23
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Passos FC, Gois MB, Sousa AD, de Marinho AIL, Corvo L, Soto M, Barral-Netto M, Barral A, Baccan GC. Investigating associations between intestinal alterations and parasite load according to Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. abundance in the gut microbiota of hamsters infected by Leishmania infantum. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2020; 115:e200377. [PMID: 33263602 PMCID: PMC7703327 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760200377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a tropical neglected disease with high associated rates of mortality. Several studies have highlighted the importance of the intestinal tract (IT) and gut microbiota (GM) in the host immunological defense. Data in the literature on parasite life cycle and host immune defense against VL are scarce regarding the effects of infection on the IT and GM. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate changes observed in the colon of Leishmania infantum-infected hamsters, including alterations in the enteric nervous system (ENS) and GM (specifically, levels of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli). METHODS Male hamsters were inoculated with L. infantum and euthanised at four or eight months post-infection. Intestines were processed for histological analysis and GM analysis. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to quantify each group of bacteria: Bifidobacterium spp. (Bf) and Lactobacillus spp (LacB). FINDINGS Infected hamsters showed histoarchitectural loss in the colon wall, with increased thickness in the submucosa and the mucosa layer, as well as greater numbers of intraepithelial lymphocytes. Forms suggestive of amastigotes were seen inside mononuclear cells. L. infantum infection induced changes in ENS, as evidenced by increases in the area of colonic enteric ganglia. Despite the absence of changes in the levels of Bf and LacB during the course of infection, the relative abundance of these bacteria was associated with parasite load and histological alterations. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that L. infantum infection leads to important changes in the colon and suggest that bacteria in the GM play a protective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabine Correia Passos
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Biondaro Gois
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Santo Antônio de Jesus, BA, Brasil
| | - Adenilma Duranes Sousa
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Ananda Isis Lima de Marinho
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Laura Corvo
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manoel Soto
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manoel Barral-Netto
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Muniz, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Aldina Barral
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Muniz, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Gyselle Chrystina Baccan
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Salvador, BA, Brasil
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Carvalho LM, de Carvalho TV, Ferraz AT, Marques FDS, Roatt BM, Fonseca KDS, Reis LES, Carneiro CM, Vieira PMDA. Histopathological changes in the gastrointestinal tract and systemic alterations triggered by experimental oral infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. Exp Parasitol 2020; 218:108012. [PMID: 33011239 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.108012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is endemic in almost all countries of Latin America. In Brazil, oral infection is becoming the most important mechanism of transmission of the disease in several regions of the country. The gastrointestinal tract is the gateway for the parasite through this route of infection, however, little is known about the involvement of these organs related to oral route. In this sense, the present study evaluated the impact of oral infection on the digestive tract in mice infected by Berenice-78 (Be-78) T. cruzi strain, in comparison with the intraperitoneal route of infection. In this work, the intraperitoneal route group showed a peak of parasitemia similar to the oral route group, however the mortality rate among the orally infected animals was higher when compared to intraperitoneal route. By analyzing the frequency of blood cell populations, differences were mainly observed in CD4+ T lymphocytes, and not in CD8+, presenting an earlier reduction in the number of CD4+ T cells, which persisted for a longer period, in the animals of the oral group when compared with the intraperitoneal group. Animals infected by oral route presented a higher tissue parasitism and inflammatory infiltrate in stomach, duodenum and colon on the 28th day after infection. Therefore, these data suggest that oral infection has a different profile of parasitological and immune responses compared to intraperitoneal route, being the oral route more virulent and with greater tissue parasitism in organs of the gastrointestinal tract evaluated during the acute phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Mendes Carvalho
- Laboratório de Morfopatologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Thais Vieira de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Morfopatologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Aline Tonhela Ferraz
- Laboratório de Morfopatologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Flávia de Souza Marques
- Laboratório de Morfopatologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Bruno Mendes Roatt
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Kátia da Silva Fonseca
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Levi Eduardo Soares Reis
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Claudia Martins Carneiro
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Paula Melo de Abreu Vieira
- Laboratório de Morfopatologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
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Chagas cardiomyopathy and heart failure: From epidemiology to treatment. Rev Port Cardiol 2020; 39:279-289. [PMID: 32532535 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is among the neglected tropical diseases recognized by the World Health Organization that have received insufficient attention from governments and health agencies. Chagas disease is endemic in 21 Latin America regions. Due to globalization and increased migration, it has crossed borders and reached other regions including North America and Europe. The clinical presentation of the disease is highly variable, from general symptoms to severe cardiac involvement that can culminate in heart failure. Chagas heart disease is multifactorial, and can include dilated cardiomyopathy, thromboembolic phenomena, and arrhythmias that may lead to sudden death. Diagnosis is by methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the degree of cardiac involvement should be investigated with complementary exams including ECG, chest radiography and electrophysiological study. There have been insufficient studies on which to base specific treatment for heart failure due to Chagas disease. Treatment should therefore be derived from guidelines for heart failure that are not specific for this disease. Heart transplantation is a viable option with satisfactory success rates that has improved survival.
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Santos É, Menezes Falcão L. Chagas cardiomyopathy and heart failure: From epidemiology to treatment. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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27
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Acevedo GR, Juiz NA, Ziblat A, Pérez Perri L, Girard MC, Ossowski MS, Fernández M, Hernández Y, Chadi R, Wittig M, Franke A, Nielsen M, Gómez KA. In Silico Guided Discovery of Novel Class I and II Trypanosoma cruzi Epitopes Recognized by T Cells from Chagas' Disease Patients. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1571-1581. [PMID: 32060134 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
T cell-mediated immune response plays a crucial role in controlling Trypanosoma cruzi infection and parasite burden, but it is also involved in the clinical onset and progression of chronic Chagas' disease. Therefore, the study of T cells is central to the understanding of the immune response against the parasite and its implications for the infected organism. The complexity of the parasite-host interactions hampers the identification and characterization of T cell-activating epitopes. We approached this issue by combining in silico and in vitro methods to interrogate patients' T cells specificity. Fifty T. cruzi peptides predicted to bind a broad range of class I and II HLA molecules were selected for in vitro screening against PBMC samples from a cohort of chronic Chagas' disease patients, using IFN-γ secretion as a readout. Seven of these peptides were shown to activate this type of T cell response, and four out of these contain class I and II epitopes that, to our knowledge, are first described in this study. The remaining three contain sequences that had been previously demonstrated to induce CD8+ T cell response in Chagas' disease patients, or bind HLA-A*02:01, but are, in this study, demonstrated to engage CD4+ T cells. We also assessed the degree of differentiation of activated T cells and looked into the HLA variants that might restrict the recognition of these peptides in the context of human T. cruzi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo R Acevedo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular Dr. Héctor N. Torres, CONICET, C1428ADN Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia A Juiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular Dr. Héctor N. Torres, CONICET, C1428ADN Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Ziblat
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, C1428ADN Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas Pérez Perri
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular Dr. Héctor N. Torres, CONICET, C1428ADN Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Magalí C Girard
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular Dr. Héctor N. Torres, CONICET, C1428ADN Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Micaela S Ossowski
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular Dr. Héctor N. Torres, CONICET, C1428ADN Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisa Fernández
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén, C1063ACS Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yolanda Hernández
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén, C1063ACS Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Raúl Chadi
- Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Ignacio Pirovano, C1430BKC Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michael Wittig
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Morten Nielsen
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, CONICET, 1650 San Martín, Argentina; and.,Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Karina A Gómez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular Dr. Héctor N. Torres, CONICET, C1428ADN Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina;
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Mateus J, Guerrero P, Lasso P, Cuervo C, González JM, Puerta CJ, Cuéllar A. An Animal Model of Acute and Chronic Chagas Disease With the Reticulotropic Y Strain of Trypanosoma cruzi That Depicts the Multifunctionality and Dysfunctionality of T Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:918. [PMID: 31105709 PMCID: PMC6499084 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (ChD), a complex and persistent parasitosis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, represents a natural model of chronic infection, in which some people exhibit cardiac or digestive complications that can result in death 20–40 years after the initial infection. Nonetheless, due to unknown mechanisms, some T. cruzi-infected individuals remain asymptomatic throughout their lives. Actually, no vaccine is available to prevent ChD, and treatments for chronic ChD patients are controversial. Chronically T. cruzi-infected individuals exhibit a deterioration of T cell function, an exhaustion state characterized by poor cytokine production and increased inhibitory receptor co-expression, suggesting that these changes are potentially related to ChD progression. Moreover, an effective anti-parasitic treatment appears to reverse this state and improve the T cell response. Taking into account these findings, the functionality state of T cells might provide a potential correlate of protection to detect individuals who will or will not develop the severe forms of ChD. Consequently, we investigated the T cell response, analyzed by flow cytometry with two multicolor immunofluorescence panels, to assess cytokines/cytotoxic molecules and the expression of inhibitory receptors, in a murine model of acute (10 and 30 days) and chronic (100 and 260 days) ChD, characterized by parasite persistence for up to 260 days post-infection and moderate inflammation of the colon and liver of T. cruzi-infected mice. Acute ChD induced a high antigen-specific multifunctional T cell response by producing IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, granzyme B, and perforin; and a high frequency of T cells co-expressed 2B4, CD160, CTLA-4, and PD-1. In contrast, chronically infected mice with moderate inflammatory infiltrate in liver tissue exhibited monofunctional antigen-specific cells, high cytotoxic activity (granzyme B and perforin), and elevated levels of inhibitory receptors (predominantly CTLA-4 and PD-1) co-expressed on T cells. Taken together, these data support our previous results showing that similar to humans, the T. cruzi persistence in mice promotes the dysfunctionality of T cells, and these changes might correlate with ChD progression. Thus, these results constitute a model that will facilitate an in-depth search for immune markers and correlates of protection, as well as long-term studies of new immunotherapy strategies for ChD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Mateus
- Grupo Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Paula Guerrero
- Grupo Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Paola Lasso
- Grupo Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Claudia Cuervo
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - John Mario González
- Grupo de Ciencias Básicas Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Concepción J Puerta
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Adriana Cuéllar
- Grupo Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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The fecal, oral, and skin microbiota of children with Chagas disease treated with benznidazole. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212593. [PMID: 30807605 PMCID: PMC6391005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chagas disease is still prevalent in rural areas of South America. In endemic areas of Bolivia, school children are screened for the program of Chagas disease eradication of the Ministry of Health, and positive children are treated. Here, we compared the fecal, oral and skin microbiomes of children with or without Chagas disease, and before and after benznidazol treatment of infected children. Methods A total of 543 Bolivian children (5–14 years old) were tested for Chagas disease, and 20 positive children were treated with Benznidazole. Fecal samples and oral and skin swabs were obtained before and after treatment, together with samples from a group of 35 uninfected controls. The 16S rRNA genes were sequenced and analyzed using QIIME to determine Alpha diversity differences and community distances, and linear discriminant analyses to determine marker taxa by infection status or treatment. Results Twenty out of 543 children screened were seropositive for Chagas disease (3.7%) and were included in the study, together with 35 control children that were seronegative for the disease. Fecal samples, oral and skin swabs were taken at the beginning of the study and after the anti-protozoa therapy with Benznidazole to the chagasic children. Infected children had higher fecal Firmicutes (Streptococcus, Roseburia, Butyrivibrio, and Blautia), and lower Bacteroides and also showed some skin -but not oral- microbiota differences. Treatment eliminated the fecal microbiota differences from control children, increasing Dialister (class Clostridia) and members of the Enterobacteriaceae, and decreasing Prevotella and Coprococcus, with minor effects on the oral and skin bacterial diversity. Conclusions The results of this study show differences in the fecal microbiota associated with Chagas disease in children, and also evidence that treatment normalizes fecal microbiota (makes it more similar to that in controls), but is associated with oral and skin microbiota differences from control children. Since microbiota impacts in children, it is important to determine the effect of drugs on the children microbiota, since dysbiosis could lead to physiological effects which might be avoidable with microbiota restoration interventions.
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Suman S, Rachakonda G, Mandape SN, Sakhare SS, Villalta F, Pratap S, Lima MF, Nde PN. Phospho-proteomic analysis of primary human colon epithelial cells during the early Trypanosoma cruzi infection phase. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006792. [PMID: 30222739 PMCID: PMC6160231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, causes severe morbidity and mortality in afflicted individuals. About 30% of T. cruzi-infected individuals present with cardiac, gastrointestinal tract, and/or neurological disorders. Megacolon, one of the major pathologies of Chagas disease, is accompanied by gastrointestinal motility disorders. The molecular mechanism of T. cruzi-mediated megacolon in Chagas disease is currently unknown. To decipher the molecular mechanism of T. cruzi-induced alteration in the colon during the early infection phase, we exposed primary human colonic epithelial cells (HCoEpiC) to invasive T. cruzi trypomastigotes at multiple time points to determine changes in the phosphoprotein networks in the cells following infection using proteome profiler Human phospho-kinase arrays. We found significant changes in the phosphorylation pattern that can mediate cellular deregulations in colonic epithelial cells after infection. We detected a significant increase in the levels of phosphorylated heat shock protein (p-HSP) 27 and transcription factors that regulate various cellular functions, including c-Jun and CREB. Our study confirmed significant upregulation of phospho (p-) Akt S473, p-JNK, which may directly or indirectly modulate CREB and c-Jun phosphorylation, respectively. We also observed increased levels of phosphorylated CREB and c-Jun in the nucleus. Furthermore, we found that p-c-Jun and p-CREB co-localized in the nucleus at 180 minutes post infection, with a maximum Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.76±0.02. Increased p-c-Jun and p-CREB have been linked to inflammatory and profibrotic responses. T. cruzi infection of HCoEpiC induces an increased expression of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), which is fibrogenic at elevated levels. We also found that T. cruzi infection modulates the expression of NF-kB and JAK2-STAT1 signaling molecules which can increase pro-inflammatory flux. Bioinformatics analysis of the phosphoprotein networks derived using the phospho-protein data serves as a blueprint for T. cruzi-mediated cellular transformation of primary human colonic cells during the early phase of T. cruzi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Suman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Girish Rachakonda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Sammed N. Mandape
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Shruti S. Sakhare
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Fernando Villalta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Siddharth Pratap
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Maria F. Lima
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Pius N. Nde
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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Acevedo GR, Girard MC, Gómez KA. The Unsolved Jigsaw Puzzle of the Immune Response in Chagas Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1929. [PMID: 30197647 PMCID: PMC6117404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi interacts with the different arms of the innate and adaptive host's immune response in a very complex and flowery manner. The history of host-parasite co-evolution has provided this protozoan with means of resisting, escaping or subverting the mechanisms of immunity and establishing a chronic infection. Despite many decades of research on the subject, the infection remains incurable, and the factors that steer chronic Chagas disease from an asymptomatic state to clinical onset are still unclear. As the relationship between T. cruzi and the host immune system is intricate, so is the amount and diversity of scientific knowledge on the matter. Many of the mechanisms of immunity are fairly well understood, but unveiling the factors that lead each of these to success or failure, within the coordinated response as a whole, requires further research. The intention behind this Review is to compile the available information on the different aspects of the immune response, with an emphasis on those phenomena that have been studied and confirmed in the human host. For ease of comprehension, it has been subdivided in sections that cover the main humoral and cell-mediated components involved therein. However, we also intend to underline that these elements are not independent, but function intimately and concertedly. Here, we summarize years of investigation carried out to unravel the puzzling interplay between the host and the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karina A. Gómez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de las Infecciones por Tripanosomátidos, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Assemblages A and B of Giardia duodenalis reduce enteric glial cells in the small intestine in mice. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:2025-2033. [PMID: 29728828 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infection of Giardia duodenalis is one of the most common human parasitic disease worldwide. This infection may be related to important changes in the enteric nervous system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the myenteric and submucosal plexuses, the intestinal muscle layer, and gastrointestinal transit in mice infected with assemblages A and B of G. duodenalis. Swiss albino mice (Mus musculus) were infected with assemblages A and B of G. duodenalis for 15 days. Gastrointestinal transit time was evaluated before euthanasia. Duodenum and jejunum were removed for histological and immunohistochemical analyses. It was observed a reduction in the enteric glial cell count and a decrease in the ratio of enteric glial cells to neurons. The number of neurons did not change, but morphological changes were observed in the duodenum and jejunum in both plexuses, including an increase in the nuclear area and a reduction of cell bodies in the myenteric plexus and a decrease in the nuclear area in the submucosal plexus. A reduction of the thickness of the muscle layer was observed in the duodenum, with no significant differences in the gastrointestinal transit times. Assemblages A and B of G. duodenalis decrease the number of enteric glial cells in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses, decrease the thickness of the muscle layer, and change the morphology of neurons. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Roscoe A, Tomey MI, Torregrossa G, Galhardo C, Parhar K, Zochios V. Chagas Cardiomyopathy: A Comprehensive Perioperative Review. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2018; 32:2780-2788. [PMID: 29803311 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2018.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Roscoe
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew I Tomey
- Cardiovascular Institute and Institute for Critical Care Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Gianluca Torregrossa
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mount Sinai Saint Luke, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY
| | - Carlos Galhardo
- Department of Anesthesia, National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ken Parhar
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Vasileios Zochios
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Perioperative Critical Care and Trauma Trials Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Centre of Translational Inflammation Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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Fontes CER, Abreu APD, Gasparim AZ. RADIOLOGICAL STUDY OF MEGACOLON IN TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI INFECTED RATS. ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE CIRURGIA DIGESTIVA : ABCD = BRAZILIAN ARCHIVES OF DIGESTIVE SURGERY 2018; 31:e1341. [PMID: 29513802 PMCID: PMC5863993 DOI: 10.1590/0102-672020180001e1341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researches on Chagas disease still use several animals and rats, due to size and susceptibility were preferred by many authors. AIM To develop an experimental model of megacolon in rats inoculated with the strain Y of Trypanosoma cruzi. METHODS Thirty male Wistar rats were distributed in three groups inoculated with different inoculants: Group A: 600000, Group B: 1000000 and Group C: 1500000 blood trypomastigotes of T. cruzi. Animals were sedated intramuscularly at zero inoculation time (T0) and 60 days after inoculation (T60), to perform the barium enema in order to evaluate the dilatation of the different segments of colon in a comparative study of the measurements obtained, using a digital caliper. Evidence of infection was performed by blood smear collected from the animal's tail 18 days after inoculation with observation of blood forms. RESULTS Comparing the intestinal diameter of the inoculated animals with 60,0000 trypomastigotes in the T0 of infection with T60 days after the inoculation, significant dilatation was observed between the proximal, medial and distal segments (p<0.01), indicating the establishment of the megacolon model. In addition, comparing intestinal diameter between the different segments, with in the T0 of infection and the T60 after inoculation, significant alterations were observed (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The proposed model was possible for in vivo studies of alterations due to infection by T. cruzi and functional alterations of the colon. In addition, the changes manifested in the colon are not directly proportional to the size of the inoculum, but to the time of infection that the animals were submitted, since the animals inoculated with 60,0000 blood forms were the ones which presented the most significant alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Paula de Abreu
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Aretuza Zaupa Gasparim
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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Mast cell-nerve interaction in the colon of Trypanosoma cruzi-infected individuals with chagasic megacolon. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:1147-1158. [PMID: 29470711 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5792-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is an infection caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi that affects millions of people worldwide and is endemic in Latin America. Megacolon is the most frequent complication of the digestive chronic form and happens due to lesions of the enteric nervous system. The neuronal lesions seem to initiate in the acute phase and persist during the chronic phase, albeit the mechanisms involved in this process are still debated. Among the cells of the immune system possibly involved in this pathological process is the mast cell (MC) due to its well-known role in the bi-directional communication between the immune and nervous systems. Using ultrastructural analysis, we found an increased number of degranulated MCs in close proximity to nerve fibers in infected patients when compared with uninfected controls. We also immunostained MCs for the two pro-inflammatory molecules tryptase and chymase, the first being also important in neuronal death. The number of MCs immunostained for tryptase or chymase was increased in patients with megacolon, whereas increased tryptase staining was additionally observed in patients without megacolon. Moreover, we detected the expression of the tryptase receptor PAR2 in neurons of the enteric nervous system, which correlated to the tryptase staining results. Altogether, the data presented herein point to the participation of MCs on the denervation process that occurs in the development of T. cruzi-induced megacolon.
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Oda JY, Belém MO, Carlos TM, Gouveia R, Luchetti BFC, Moreira NM, Massocatto CL, Araújo SM, Sant Ana DMG, Buttow NC, Pinge-Filho P, Araújo EJA. Myenteric neuroprotective role of aspirin in acute and chronic experimental infections with Trypanosoma cruzi. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 29:1-13. [PMID: 28524628 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental and clinical studies have shown that myenteric neuron cell death during infection with Trypanosoma cruzi mainly occurs in the esophagus and colon, resulting in megaesophagus and megacolon, respectively. Evidence suggests that the cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX) is involved in the T. cruzi invasion process. The use of low-dose aspirin (ASA), a COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor, has been shown to reduce infection with T. cruzi. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the effects of treatment with low-dose ASA on myenteric colonic neurons during murine infection with T. cruzi. METHODS Swiss mice were assigned into groups treated with either phosphate-buffered saline or low doses of ASA during the acute phase (20 mg/kg ASA) and chronic phase (50 mg/kg ASA) of infection with the Y strain of T. cruzi. Seventy-five days after infection, colon samples were collected to quantify inflammatory foci in histological sections and also general (myosin-V+ ), nitrergic, and VIPergic myenteric neurons in whole mounts. Gastrointestinal transit time was also measured. KEY RESULTS Aspirin treatment during the acute phase of infection reduced parasitemia (P<.05). Aspirin treatment during the acute or chronic phase of the infection reduced the intensity of inflammatory foci in the colon, protected myenteric neurons from cell death and plastic changes, and recovered the gastrointestinal transit of mice infected with T. cruzi (P<.05). CONCLUSION & INFERENCES Early and delayed treatment with low-dose ASA can reduce the morphofunctional damage of colonic myenteric neurons caused by murine T. cruzi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Oda
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Três Lagoas, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.,Department of Pathological Science, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - M O Belém
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - T M Carlos
- Department of Histology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - R Gouveia
- Department of Histology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - B F C Luchetti
- Department of Pathological Science, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - N M Moreira
- Center for Education, Letters and Health, State University of Western Paraná, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | - C L Massocatto
- Department of Morphological Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - S M Araújo
- Department of Basic Health Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - D M G Sant Ana
- Department of Morphological Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - N C Buttow
- Department of Morphological Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - P Pinge-Filho
- Department of Pathological Science, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - E J A Araújo
- Department of Histology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Epithelial cell types and their proposed roles in maintaining the mucosal barrier in human chagasic-megacolonic mucosa. Histochem Cell Biol 2017; 148:207-216. [PMID: 28357579 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-017-1563-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Patients suffering from chagasic megacolon must have an intact mucosal barrier as they survive this chronic disease for decades. A key structure of the mucosal barrier are epithelial cells. Vasoactive-intestinal-peptide (VIP)-positive nerve fibres are involved in influencing, e.g., epithelial cell proliferation, mucus secretion (e.g., mucin 2 and trefoil factor 3 of goblet cells) and inflammation or autoimmunity, all putative and/or known factors altered in chagasic megacolon. We analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively goblet cells, their specific markers, such as mucin 2 (MUC2) and trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) and enterocytes, the relation of VIP-immunoreactive nerve fibres to the epithelia, the distribution of gelsolin, a protein involved in chronic inflammation processes in the epithelia, and the proliferation rate of epithelial cells by combined 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and phosphohistone-H3 (PHH3) staining. Goblet cells were the dominating epithelial cell type. They accounted for 38.4% of all epithelial cells in controls and changed to 58.9% in the megacolonic parts. In contrast to the overall expression in goblet cells of control epithelia, TFF3 was confined to goblet cells at the base of the crypts whereas MUC2 was found only in luminal goblet cells. Gelsolin-positive goblet cells were predominantly recognized within the controls. Finally, the mean value of mitosis increased from 1.5% within the controls up to 2.6% in the anal parts of the chagasic sepcimens. Taken together, increased cell proliferation, preponderance of goblet cells, differential MUC 2, and TFF 3 expression might all be factors maintaining an intact mucosal barrier within chagasic megacolon.
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Burns AJ, Goldstein AM, Newgreen DF, Stamp L, Schäfer KH, Metzger M, Hotta R, Young HM, Andrews PW, Thapar N, Belkind-Gerson J, Bondurand N, Bornstein JC, Chan WY, Cheah K, Gershon MD, Heuckeroth RO, Hofstra RMW, Just L, Kapur RP, King SK, McCann CJ, Nagy N, Ngan E, Obermayr F, Pachnis V, Pasricha PJ, Sham MH, Tam P, Vanden Berghe P. White paper on guidelines concerning enteric nervous system stem cell therapy for enteric neuropathies. Dev Biol 2016; 417:229-51. [PMID: 27059883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, there has been increasing focus on the development of novel stem cell based therapies for the treatment of disorders and diseases affecting the enteric nervous system (ENS) of the gastrointestinal tract (so-called enteric neuropathies). Here, the idea is that ENS progenitor/stem cells could be transplanted into the gut wall to replace the damaged or absent neurons and glia of the ENS. This White Paper sets out experts' views on the commonly used methods and approaches to identify, isolate, purify, expand and optimize ENS stem cells, transplant them into the bowel, and assess transplant success, including restoration of gut function. We also highlight obstacles that must be overcome in order to progress from successful preclinical studies in animal models to ENS stem cell therapies in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Burns
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Allan M Goldstein
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald F Newgreen
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lincon Stamp
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Karl-Herbert Schäfer
- University of Applied Sciences, Kaiserlautern, Germany; Clinic of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Metzger
- Fraunhofer-Institute Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB Translational Centre - Würzburg branch and University Hospital Würzburg - Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ryo Hotta
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heather M Young
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Peter W Andrews
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Nikhil Thapar
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Jaime Belkind-Gerson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Nadege Bondurand
- INSERM U955, 51 Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, F-94000 Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est, UPEC, F-94000 Créteil, France
| | - Joel C Bornstein
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Wood Yee Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kathryn Cheah
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Michael D Gershon
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York 10032, USA
| | - Robert O Heuckeroth
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Abramson Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert M W Hofstra
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lothar Just
- Institute of Clinical Anatomy and Cell Analysis, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Raj P Kapur
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sebastian K King
- Department of Paediatric and Neonatal Surgery, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Conor J McCann
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Nandor Nagy
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Elly Ngan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Florian Obermayr
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Mai Har Sham
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Paul Tam
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Pieter Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience (LENS), TARGID, University of Leuven, Belgium
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Campos CF, Cangussú SD, Duz ALC, Cartelle CT, Noviello MDL, Veloso VM, Bahia MT, Almeida-Leite CM, Arantes RME. Enteric Neuronal Damage, Intramuscular Denervation and Smooth Muscle Phenotype Changes as Mechanisms of Chagasic Megacolon: Evidence from a Long-Term Murine Model of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153038. [PMID: 27045678 PMCID: PMC4821538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a novel murine model of long-term infection with Trypanosoma cruzi with the aim to elucidate the pathogenesis of megacolon and the associated adaptive and neuromuscular intestinal disorders. Our intent was to produce a chronic stage of the disease since the early treatment should avoid 100% mortality of untreated animals at acute phase. Treatment allowed animals to be kept infected and alive in order to develop the chronic phase of infection with low parasitism as in human disease. A group of Swiss mice was infected with the Y strain of T. cruzi. At the 11th day after infection, a sub-group was euthanized (acute-phase group) and another sub-group was treated with benznidazole and euthanized 15 months after infection (chronic-phase group). Whole colon samples were harvested and used for studying the histopathology of the intestinal smooth muscle and the plasticity of the enteric nerves. In the acute phase, all animals presented inflammatory lesions associated with intense and diffuse parasitism of the muscular and submucosa layers, which were enlarged when compared with the controls. The occurrence of intense degenerative inflammatory changes and increased reticular fibers suggests inflammatory-induced necrosis of muscle cells. In the chronic phase, parasitism was insignificant; however, the architecture of Aüerbach plexuses was focally affected in the inflamed areas, and a significant decrease in the number of neurons and in the density of intramuscular nerve bundles was detected. Other changes observed included increased thickness of the colon wall, diffuse muscle cell hypertrophy, and increased collagen deposition, indicating early fibrosis in the damaged areas. Mast cell count significantly increased in the muscular layers. We propose a model for studying the long-term (15 months) pathogenesis of Chagasic megacolon in mice that mimics the human disease, which persists for several years and has not been fully elucidated. We hypothesize that the long-term inflammatory process mediates neuronal damage and intramuscular and intramural denervation, leading to phenotypic changes in smooth muscle cells associated with fibrosis. These long-term structural changes may represent the basic mechanism for the formation of the Chagasic megacolon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila França Campos
- Departamento de Patologia Geral Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Silvia Dantas Cangussú
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas/LAFEX, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Cassin Duz
- Departamento de Patologia Geral Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Christiane Teixeira Cartelle
- Departamento de Patologia Geral Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria de Lourdes Noviello
- Departamento de Patologia Geral Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vanja Maria Veloso
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Terezinha Bahia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Camila Megale Almeida-Leite
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rosa Maria Esteves Arantes
- Departamento de Patologia Geral Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Halliez MCM, Buret AG. Gastrointestinal Parasites and the Neural Control of Gut Functions. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:452. [PMID: 26635531 PMCID: PMC4658430 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal motility and transport of water and electrolytes play key roles in the pathophysiology of diarrhea upon exposure to enteric parasites. These processes are actively modulated by the enteric nervous system (ENS), which includes efferent, and afferent neurons, as well as interneurons. ENS integrity is essential to the maintenance of homeostatic gut responses. A number of gastrointestinal parasites are known to cause disease by altering the ENS. The mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia duodenalis (syn. Giardia intestinalis, Giardia lamblia), Trypanosoma cruzi, Schistosoma species and others alter gastrointestinal motility, absorption, or secretion at least in part via effects on the ENS. Recent findings also implicate enteric parasites such as C. parvum and G. duodenalis in the development of post-infectious complications such as irritable bowel syndrome, which further underscores their effects on the gut-brain axis. This article critically reviews recent advances and the current state of knowledge on the impact of enteric parasitism on the neural control of gut functions, and provides insights into mechanisms underlying these abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie C M Halliez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inflammation Research Network, Host-Parasite Interaction NSERC-CREATE, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada ; Protozooses transmises par l'alimentation, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen and Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Reims Champagne-Ardennes Rouen and Reims, France
| | - André G Buret
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inflammation Research Network, Host-Parasite Interaction NSERC-CREATE, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
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Ubillos L, Freire T, Berriel E, Chiribao ML, Chiale C, Festari MF, Medeiros A, Mazal D, Rondán M, Bollati-Fogolín M, Rabinovich GA, Robello C, Osinaga E. Trypanosoma cruzi extracts elicit protective immune response against chemically induced colon and mammary cancers. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:1719-31. [PMID: 26519949 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan parasite that causes Chagas' disease, has anticancer effects mediated, at least in part, by parasite-derived products which inhibit growth of tumor cells. We investigated whether immunity to T. cruzi antigens could induce antitumor activity, using two rat models which reproduce human carcinogenesis: colon cancer induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), and mammary cancer induced by N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU). We found that vaccination with T. cruzi epimastigote lysates strongly inhibits tumor development in both animal models. Rats immunized with T. cruzi antigens induce activation of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and splenocytes from these animals showed higher cytotoxic responses against tumors as compared to rats receiving adjuvant alone. Tumor-associated immune responses included increasing number of CD11b/c(+) His48(-) MHC II(+) cells corresponding to macrophages and/or dendritic cells, which exhibited augmented NADPH-oxidase activity. We also found that T. cruzi lysate vaccination developed antibodies specific for colon and mammary rat cancer cells, which were capable of mediating antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in vitro. Anti-T. cruzi antibodies cross-reacted with human colon and breast cancer cell lines and recognized 41/60 (68%) colon cancer and 38/63 (60%) breast cancer samples in a series of 123 human tumors. Our results suggest that T. cruzi antigens can evoke an integrated antitumor response involving both the cellular and humoral components of the immune response and provide novel insights into the understanding of the intricate relationship between parasite infection and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Ubillos
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Servicio de Oncología Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Teresa Freire
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Edgardo Berriel
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay.,Clínica Quirúrgica 1, Hospital Pasteur, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Laura Chiribao
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Unidad de Biología Molecular, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carolina Chiale
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Florencia Festari
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrea Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Daniel Mazal
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mariella Rondán
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Robello
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Unidad de Biología Molecular, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Eduardo Osinaga
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay
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Kannen V, de Oliveira EC, Motta BZ, Chaguri AJ, Brunaldi MO, Garcia SB. Trypanosomiasis-induced megacolon illustrates how myenteric neurons modulate the risk for colon cancer in rats and humans. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003744. [PMID: 25884710 PMCID: PMC4401552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Trypanosomiasis induces a remarkable myenteric neuronal degeneration leading to megacolon. Very little is known about the risk for colon cancer in chagasic megacolon patients. To clarify whether chagasic megacolon impacts on colon carcinogenesis, we investigated the risk for colon cancer in Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) infected patients and rats. Methods Colon samples from T. cruzi-infected and uninfected patients and rats were histopathologically investigated with colon cancer biomarkers. An experimental model for chemical myenteric denervation was also performed to verify the myenteric neuronal effects on colon carcinogenesis. All experiments complied the guidelines and approval of ethical institutional review boards. Results No colon tumors were found in chagasic megacolon samples. A significant myenteric neuronal denervation was observed. Epithelial cell proliferation and hyperplasia were found increased in chagasic megacolon. Analyzing the argyrophilic nucleolar organiser regions within the cryptal bottom revealed reduced risk for colon cancer in Chagas’ megacolon patients. T. cruzi-infected rats showed a significant myenteric neuronal denervation and decreased numbers of colon preneoplastic lesions. In chemical myenteric denervated rats preneoplastic lesions were reduced from the 2nd wk onward, which ensued having the colon myenteric denervation significantly induced. Conclusion/Significance Our data suggest that the trypanosomiasis-related myenteric neuronal degeneration protects the colon tissue from carcinogenic events. Current findings highlight potential mechanisms in tropical diseases and cancer research. The myenteric neuronal activity on colon carcinogenesis is a matter of debate. Chagas disease (a trypanosomiasis-related chronic infection) induces megacolon damaging myenteric neurons. Puzzling, tumors have been rarely reported in chagasic megacolon patients. We reveal here hyperplasia-related high-proliferation occurs in chagasic megacolon, although the risk for colon cancer is reduced. Having carcinogen-exposed rats infected with Trypanosoma cruzi reduced the numbers of myenteric neurons and colon preneoplastic lesions. An experimental model for chemical myenteric denervation was applied in carcinogen-exposed rats revealing that myenteric neurons promote the development of colon preneoplastic lesions. Yet, activity of the fecal content had to be secluded from the myenteric neuronal activity on colon carcinogenesis. Hartmann’s surgical procedure enabled that. This was applied together with carcinogenic exposure and myenteric neuronal denervation ensuring that the neuronal activity is associated with enhanced development of colon carcinogenesis. Taken together, we believe colon tumors are not found within the chagasic megacolon region because the myenteric neuronal density is impaired. These observations shed lights on novel potential cell to cell interactions promoting the colon cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Kannen
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Enio C. de Oliveira
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil
| | - Bruno Zene Motta
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sérgio B. Garcia
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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de Freitas MAR, de Oliveira EC, de Oliveira FC, Jabari S, Brehmer A, da Silveira ABM. Is the increased presence of CD8 T-lymphocytes related to serotonin levels in Chagas disease? Colorectal Dis 2015; 17:268-9. [PMID: 25616063 DOI: 10.1111/codi.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M A R de Freitas
- Parasitology Sector, ICBIM, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38.400-902, Brazil
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Mast cells in the colon of Trypanosoma cruzi-infected patients: are they involved in the recruitment, survival and/or activation of eosinophils? Parasitol Res 2015; 114:1847-56. [PMID: 25711147 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4371-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Megacolon is frequently observed in patients who develop the digestive form of Chagas disease. It is characterized by dilation of the rectum-sigmoid portion and thickening of the colon wall. Microscopically, the affected organ presents denervation, which has been considered as consequence of an inflammatory process that begins at the acute phase and persists in the chronic phase of infection. Inflammatory infiltrates are composed of lymphocytes, macrophages, natural killer cells, mast cells, and eosinophils. In this study, we hypothesized that mast cells producing tryptase could influence the migration and the activation of eosinophils at the site, thereby contributing to the immunopathology of the chronic phase. We seek evidence of interactions between mast cells and eosinophils through (1) evaluation of eosinophils, regarding the expression of PAR2, a tryptase receptor; (2) correlation analysis between densities of mast cells and eosinophils; and (3) ultrastructural studies. The electron microscopy studies revealed signs of activation of mast cells and eosinophils, as well as physical interaction between these cells. Immunohistochemistry and correlation analyses point to the participation of tryptase immunoreactive mast cells in the migration and/or survival of eosinophils at the affected organ.
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Wagner JP, Sullins VF, Dunn JCY. Skin-derived precursors generate enteric-type neurons in aganglionic jejunum. J Pediatr Surg 2014; 49:1809-14. [PMID: 25487489 PMCID: PMC4261145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2014.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Skin-derived precursor cells (SKPs) may regenerate the enteric nervous system in Hirschsprung's disease. SKPs migrate and differentiate into myenteric ganglia in aganglionic intestine. We sought to characterize the time-course of SKP gangliogenesis and enteric neurotransmitter synthesis in vivo. METHODS Adult Lewis rat jejunal segments were isolated and denervated with benzalkonium chloride (BAC). Denervation was evaluated by immunohistochemical (IHC) stains for markers of mature neuronal and glial cells. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing neonatal rat SKPs were cultured in neuroglial-selective medium. SKPs were transplanted into aganglionic segments 65-85days after BAC treatment. IHC was performed to identify glia, neurons, and neurotransmitter synthesis in GFP+cells between post-transplant days 1 and 28. RESULTS Aganglionosis was confirmed by IHC. On post-transplant days 1 and 2, GFP+cells were detected near injection sites within the muscularis propria. GFP+cell clusters were evident only between longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers at post-transplant days 14, 21, and 28. These structures co-expressed markers of mature neurons and gliocytes. Several markers of neurotransmitter synthesis were detected in GFP+clusters at days 21 and 28. CONCLUSION SKPs are capable of enteric neuroglial differentiation in vivo. SKPs migrate to the intermuscular layer of aganglionic intestine within days of transplantation. Our observations suggest that SKPs are capable of generating enteric ganglia in aganglionic intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin P. Wagner
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1749, USA
| | - Veronica F. Sullins
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1749, USA
| | - James C. Y. Dunn
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1749, USA,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7098, USA,Corresponding Author: James C. Y. Dunn, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave 72-140 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, Tel.: +1 310 206 2429, Fax: +1 310 206 1120.,
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Chagas disease reactivation in HIV-coinfected patients: histopathological aspects. Immunobiology 2014; 220:656-62. [PMID: 25541242 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chagas disease reactivation has been described in severely immunocompromised patients by various etiologies, including in HIV-coinfected patients. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to perform histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of the brain, myocardium, esophagus and large bowel of autopsied patients with CHD and/or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in comparison with control patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Autopsy reports were reviewed from 1998 to 2012 and eight adult subjects were selected and divided into four groups: RE, CH, AI and CO. Sections of brain, myocardium, esophagus and large bowel were collected from each subject and processed for histological and immunohistochemical analysis. The histological sections stained with HE, Giemsa and picrosirius were used to quantify the density of inflammatory cells, the density of mast cells, and the percentage of collagen, respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis of IL17 and CD31 was performed. RESULTS The density of mast cells in the myocardium was significantly higher in the CH group than in the other groups. The density of mast cells in the esophagus and in the large bowel was significantly higher when compared to the other groups. The percentage of collagen in the esophagus, myocardium and large bowel was significantly lower in the RE group than in the CO group. The CH group had a higher percentage of collagen in the myocardium and in the large bowel in relation to the other groups. The density of cells immunostained with anti-IL17 was significantly higher in the large bowel and in the myocardium in the CH group than in the CO group. There was higher density of vessels immunostained with anti-CD31 in the myocardium and esophagus of the AI group than in the other groups. There were no significant correlations between the density of mast cells and percentage of collagen in the RE, CO, CH and AI groups. CONCLUSION Brain lesions observed in patients with CDR, as well as the higher density of cells immunostained with anti-IL17 at these sites, suggest that this cytokine was increasing local inflammation with subsequent tissue damage due to inflammation. Furthermore, the higher density of mast cells in the esophagus and large bowel of these subjects suggests that these cells might play a major role in esophageal and intestinal inflammation.
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Nogueira-Paiva NC, Fonseca KDS, Vieira PMDA, Diniz LF, Caldas IS, Moura SALD, Veloso VM, Guedes PMDM, Tafuri WL, Bahia MT, Carneiro CM. Myenteric plexus is differentially affected by infection with distinct Trypanosoma cruzi strains in Beagle dogs. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 109:51-60. [PMID: 24271001 PMCID: PMC4005521 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276130216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagasic megaoesophagus and megacolon are characterised by motor abnormalities related to enteric nervous system lesions and their development seems to be related to geographic distribution of distinct Trypanosoma cruzi subpopulations. Beagle dogs were infected with Y or Berenice-78 (Be-78) T. cruzi strains and necropsied during the acute or chronic phase of experimental disease for post mortem histopathological evaluation of the oesophagus and colon. Both strains infected the oesophagus and colon and caused an inflammatory response during the acute phase. In the chronic phase, inflammatory process was observed exclusively in the Be-78 infected animals, possibly due to a parasitism persistent only in this group. Myenteric denervation occurred during the acute phase of infection for both strains, but persisted chronically only in Be-78 infected animals. Glial cell involvement occurred earlier in animals infected with the Y strain, while animals infected with the Be-78 strain showed reduced glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactive area of enteric glial cells in the chronic phase. These results suggest that although both strains cause lesions in the digestive tract, the Y strain is associated with early control of the lesion, while the Be-78 strain results in progressive gut lesions in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kátia da Silva Fonseca
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto
| | - Paula Melo de Abreu Vieira
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto
| | - Lívia Figueiredo Diniz
- Laboratório de Doença de Chagas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto
| | - Ivo Santana Caldas
- Laboratório de Doença de Chagas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto
| | | | - Vanja Maria Veloso
- Departamento de Farmácia, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto
| | | | - Washington Luiz Tafuri
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto
| | - Maria Terezinha Bahia
- Laboratório de Doença de Chagas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto
| | - Cláudia Martins Carneiro
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto
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Requena-Méndez A, López MC, Angheben A, Izquierdo L, Ribeiro I, Pinazo MJ, Gascon J, Muñoz J. Evaluating Chagas disease progression and cure through blood-derived biomarkers: a systematic review. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 11:957-76. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2013.824718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Moreira NM, Santos FDN, Toledo MJDO, Moraes SMFD, Araujo EJDA, Sant'Ana DDMG, Araujo SMD. Moderate physical exercise reduces parasitaemia and protects colonic myenteric neurons in mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Int J Exp Pathol 2013; 94:426-35. [PMID: 24205797 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of moderate physical exercise on the myenteric neurons in the colonic intestinal wall of mice that had been infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Parasitology and immunological aspects of the mice were considered. Forty-day-old male Swiss mice were divided into four groups: Trained Infected (TI), Sedentary Infected (SI), Trained Control (TC), and Sedentary Control (SC). The TC and TI were subjected to a moderate physical exercise program on a treadmill for 8 weeks. Three days after finishing exercise, the TI and SI groups were inoculated with 1,300 blood trypomastigotes of the Y strain-T. cruzi. After 75 days of infection results were obtained. Kruskal-Wallis or Analyze of variance (Tukey post hoc test) at 5% level of significance was performed. Moderate physical exercise reduced both the parasite peak (day 8 of infection) and total parasitemia compared with the sedentary groups (P < 0.05). This activity also contributed to neuronal survival (P < 0.05). Exercise caused neuronal hypertrophy (P < 0.05) and an increase in the total thickness of the intestinal wall (P < 0.05). The TI group exhibited an increase in the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes (P > 0.05). In trained animals, the number of goblet cells was reduced compared with sedentary animals (P < 0.05). Physical exercise prevented the formation of inflammatory foci in the TI group (P < 0.05) and increased the synthesis of TNF-α (P < 0.05) and TGF-β (P > 0.05). The present results demonstrated the benefits of moderate physical exercise, and reaffirmed the possibility of that it may contribute to improving clinical treatment in Chagas' disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neide M Moreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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