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Edderkaoui B. Chemokines in Cartilage Regeneration and Degradation: New Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:381. [PMID: 38203552 PMCID: PMC10779035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cartilage plays a crucial role in the human body by forming long bones during development and growth to bear loads on joints and intervertebral discs. However, the increasing prevalence of cartilage degenerative disorders is a growing public health concern, especially due to the poor innate regenerative capacity of cartilage. Chondrocytes are a source of several inflammatory mediators that play vital roles in the pathogenesis of cartilage disorders. Among these mediators, chemokines have been explored as potential contributors to cartilage degeneration and regeneration. Our review focuses on the progress made during the last ten years in identifying the regulators and roles of chemokines and their receptors in different mechanisms related to chondrocytes and cartilage. Recent findings have demonstrated that chemokines influence cartilage both positively and negatively. Their induction and involvement in either process depends on the local molecular environment and is both site- and time-dependent. One of the challenges in defining the role of chemokines in cartilage pathology or regeneration is the apparent redundancy in the interaction of chemokines with their receptors. Hence, it is crucial to determine, for each situation, whether targeting specific chemokines or their receptors will help in developing effective therapeutic strategies for cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouchra Edderkaoui
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Research Service, VA Loma Linda Healthcare Systems, Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
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2
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Russo RC, Quesniaux VFJ, Ryffel B. Homeostatic chemokines as putative therapeutic targets in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:1014-1030. [PMID: 37951789 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal chronic interstitial lung disease (ILD) that affects lung mechanical functions and gas exchange. IPF is caused by increased fibroblast activity and collagen deposition that compromise the alveolar-capillary barrier. Identifying an effective therapy for IPF remains a clinical challenge. Chemokines are key proteins in cell communication that have functions in immunity as well as in tissue homeostasis, damage, and repair. Chemokine receptor signaling induces the activation and proliferation of lung-resident cells, including alveolar macrophages (AMs) and fibroblasts. AMs are an important source of chemokines and cytokines during IPF. We highlight the complexity of this system and, based on insights from genetic and transcriptomic studies, propose a new role for homeostatic chemokine imbalance in IPF, with implications for putative therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remo C Russo
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Mechanics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Valerie F J Quesniaux
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7355, University of Orleans, Orleans 45071, France.
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7355, University of Orleans, Orleans 45071, France.
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Shankar N, Thapa S, Shrestha AK, Sarkar P, Gaber MW, Barrios R, Shivanna B. Hyperoxia Disrupts Lung Lymphatic Homeostasis in Neonatal Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:620. [PMID: 36978868 PMCID: PMC10045755 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation causes bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a common lung disease of preterm infants. One reason this disease lacks specific therapies is the paucity of information on the mechanisms regulating inflammation in developing lungs. We address this gap by characterizing the lymphatic phenotype in an experimental BPD model because lymphatics are major regulators of immune homeostasis. We hypothesized that hyperoxia (HO), a major risk factor for experimental and human BPD, disrupts lymphatic endothelial homeostasis using neonatal mice and human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLECs). Exposure to 70% O2 for 24-72 h decreased the expression of prospero homeobox 1 (Prox1) and vascular endothelial growth factor c (Vegf-c) and increased the expression of heme oxygenase 1 and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone]1 in HDLECs, and reduced their tubule formation ability. Next, we determined Prox1 and Vegf-c mRNA levels on postnatal days (P) 7 and 14 in neonatal murine lungs. The mRNA levels of these genes increased from P7 to P14, and 70% O2 exposure for 14 d (HO) attenuated this physiological increase in pro-lymphatic factors. Further, HO exposure decreased VEGFR3+ and podoplanin+ lymphatic vessel density and lymphatic function in neonatal murine lungs. Collectively, our results validate the hypothesis that HO disrupts lymphatic endothelial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithyapriya Shankar
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shyam Thapa
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Amrit Kumar Shrestha
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Poonam Sarkar
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - M. Waleed Gaber
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Roberto Barrios
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Binoy Shivanna
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Wang C, Yue Y, Huang S, Wang K, Yang X, Chen J, Huang J, Wu Z. M2b macrophages stimulate lymphangiogenesis to reduce myocardial fibrosis after myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:384-393. [PMID: 35188856 PMCID: PMC8865132 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2033798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Therapeutic lymphangiogenesis is a new treatment for cardiovascular diseases. Our previous study showed M2b macrophages can alleviate myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI). However, the relation between M2b macrophages and lymphangiogenesis is not clear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of M2b macrophages on lymphangiogenesis after MI/RI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into Sham operation group (control, n = 8), MI/RI group (n = 16) and M2b macrophage transplantation group (n = 16). M2b macrophages (1 × 106) in 100 μL of normal saline or the same volume of vehicle was injected into the cardiac ischaemic zone. Two weeks later, echocardiography and lymphatic counts were performed, and the extent of myocardial fibrosis and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) and VEGF receptor 3 (VEGFR3) were determined. In vitro, lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) were cultured with M2b macrophages for 6-24 h, and the proliferation, migration and tube formation of the LECs were assessed. RESULTS In vivo, M2b macrophage transplantation increased the level of lymphangiogenesis 2.11-fold, reduced 4.42% fibrosis, improved 18.65% left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and upregulated the expressions of VEGFC and VEGFR3. In vitro, M2b macrophage increased the proliferation, migration, tube formation and VEGFC expression of LECs. M2b macrophage supernatant upregulated VEGFR3 expression of LECs. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that M2b macrophages can promote lymphangiogenesis to reduce myocardial fibrosis and improve heart function, suggesting the possible use of M2b macrophage for myocardial protection therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yuan Yue
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, PR China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Suiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, PR China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Keke Wang
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, PR China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiantao Chen
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, PR China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, PR China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhongkai Wu
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, PR China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Yamashita M, Niisato M, Kawasaki Y, Karaman S, Robciuc MR, Shibata Y, Ishida Y, Nishio R, Masuda T, Sugai T, Ono M, Tuder RM, Alitalo K, Yamauchi K. VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 signaling in macrophages ameliorates acute lung injury. Eur Respir J 2021; 59:13993003.00880-2021. [PMID: 34446463 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00880-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Successful recovery from acute lung injury requires inhibition of neutrophil influx and clearance of apoptotic neutrophils. However, the mechanisms underlying recovery remain unclear. OBJECTIVES We investigated the ameliorative effects of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3)/VEGF-C signaling in macrophages in lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury. METHODS Lipopolysaccharides were intranasally injected into wild-type and transgenic mice. Gain- and loss- of VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 signaling function experiments employed adenovirus-mediated intranasal delivery of VEGF-C (Ad-VEGF-C vector) and soluble VEGFR-3, or, anti-VEGFR-3 blocking antibodies and mice with a deletion of VEGFR-3 in myeloid cells. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The early phase of lung injury was significantly alleviated by the overexpression of VEGF-C with increased levels of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) interleukin (IL)-10, but worsened in the later phase by VEGFR-3 inhibition upon administration of Ad-sVEGFR-3 vector. Injection of anti-VEGFR-3 antibodies to the mice in the resolution phase inhibited recovery from lung injury. The VEGFR-3 deleted mice had a shorter survival time than littermates and more severe lung injury in the resolution phase. Alveolar macrophages in the resolution phase digested most of extrinsic apoptotic neutrophils, and VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 signaling increased efferocytosis via upregulation of integrin alpha v in the macrophages. We also found that incubation with BALF from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients, but not from controls, decreases VEGFR-3 expression and the efficiency of IL-10 expression and efferocytosis in human monocyte-derived macrophages. CONCLUSIONS VEGFR-3/VEGF-C signaling in macrophages ameliorates experimental lung injury. This mechanism may provide an explanation also for ARDS resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yamashita
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunological Diseases, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Miyuki Niisato
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunological Diseases, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawasaki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Iwate Medical University School of Pharmacology, Shiwa, Japan
| | - Sinem Karaman
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Medicine Program, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marius R Robciuc
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Medicine Program, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yuji Shibata
- Department of Pathology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoji Ishida
- Department of Hematology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Tomoyuki Masuda
- Department of Pathology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Sugai
- Department of Pathology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masao Ono
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rubin M Tuder
- Program in Translational Lung Research, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, CO, USA
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Medicine Program, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kohei Yamauchi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunological Diseases, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
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Zhang J, Cui J, Li X, Hao X, Guo L, Wang H, Liu H. Increased secretion of VEGF-C from SiO 2-induced pulmonary macrophages promotes lymphangiogenesis through the Src/eNOS pathway in silicosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 218:112257. [PMID: 33933809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Silicosis, a type of lung inflammation and fibrosis caused by long-term inhalation of SiO2 particles, lacks effective treatment currently. Based on the results of our previous animal experiments, in lungs of SiO2-induced silicosis rats, a large number of lymphatic vessels are generated in the early stage of inflammation, which is of great significance for the removal of dust and inflammatory mediators. Here, the molecular mechanism of lymphangiogenesis is further studied. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-C) is a key pro-lymphangiogenic factor, and its elevated expression is closely related to lymphangiogenesis. In this investigation, we demonstrated that the protein level of VEGF-C was differentially expressed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and alveolar macrophages (AM) in silicosis patients and healthy controls. We further stimulated human monocyte-macrophage line U937 with SiO2, collected the culture supernatants as conditioned medium (CM) for culturing lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in vitro, and observed the expression of VEGF-C in the supernatant and its effect on LEC tube formation. The results showed that both CM and single VEGF-C recombinant protein stimulation significantly enhanced LEC proliferation [(1.80 ± 0.18), (1.73 ± 0.16)], chemotaxis [chemotactic cell number (101.40 ± 13.83), (93.40 ± 9.61)], and tube formation [tube number (32.20 ± 7.26), (25.00 ± 6.25); branch number (77.20 ± 6.80), (84.60 ± 7.90)], whereas CM treated with VEGF-CmAb inhibited the proliferation (1.37 ± 0.17), chemotaxis [chemotactic cell number (57.40 ± 8.62)], and tube formation [tube number (7.40 ± 1.85); branch number (47.20 ± 13.44)] of LECs. In addition, CM and VEGF-C can promote the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) and lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1) in LECs, which may further mediate lymphangiogenesis by up-regulating the Src/eNOS downstream signaling molecular pathway. This study is the first to clarify the molecular mechanism of pulmonary lymphangiogenesis in silicosis and may point in the direction of eventual treatments, surveillance, and regulation at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Jie Cui
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Xinying Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Xiaohui Hao
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Lingli Guo
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Heliang Liu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China.
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Hwang J, Zheng M, Wiraja C, Cui M, Yang L, Xu C. Reprogramming of macrophages with macrophage cell membrane-derived nanoghosts. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:5254-5262. [PMID: 36132036 PMCID: PMC9419214 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00572j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages can be polarized to M1 or M2 type with pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory properties. Nanoparticles have recently been found to be a promising platform to polarize macrophages to desired phenotypes. This article explores the usage of cell membrane-derived nanoparticles (nanoghosts) for reprogramming macrophages. The efficacy and efficiency of this technology are examined via cytokine analysis and immunostaining of the nanoghost-treated cells. We find that several cytokines/chemokines are highly expressed on nanoghosts. In addition, a 2D wound healing model is deployed to reveal their potential application in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangsun Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637457
| | - Mengjia Zheng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637457
| | - Christian Wiraja
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637457
| | - Mingyue Cui
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637457
| | - Lixia Yang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637457
| | - Chenjie Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637457
- National Dental Centre of Singapore 5 Second Hospital Ave 168938 Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
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Gutierrez-Miranda L, Yaniv K. Cellular Origins of the Lymphatic Endothelium: Implications for Cancer Lymphangiogenesis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:577584. [PMID: 33071831 PMCID: PMC7541848 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.577584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system plays important roles in physiological and pathological conditions. During cancer progression in particular, lymphangiogenesis can exert both positive and negative effects. While the formation of tumor associated lymphatic vessels correlates with metastatic dissemination, increased severity and poor patient prognosis, the presence of functional lymphatics is regarded as beneficial for anti-tumor immunity and cancer immunotherapy delivery. Therefore, a profound understanding of the cellular origins of tumor lymphatics and the molecular mechanisms controlling their formation is required in order to improve current strategies to control malignant spread. Data accumulated over the last decades have led to a controversy regarding the cellular sources of tumor-associated lymphatic vessels and the putative contribution of non-endothelial cells to this process. Although it is widely accepted that lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) arise mainly from pre-existing lymphatic vessels, additional contribution from bone marrow-derived cells, myeloid precursors and terminally differentiated macrophages, has also been claimed. Here, we review recent findings describing new origins of LECs during embryonic development and discuss their relevance to cancer lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karina Yaniv
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Volk-Draper L, Patel R, Bhattarai N, Yang J, Wilber A, DeNardo D, Ran S. Myeloid-Derived Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Progenitors Significantly Contribute to Lymphatic Metastasis in Clinical Breast Cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:2269-2292. [PMID: 31421071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic metastasis is a high-impact prognostic factor for mortality of breast cancer (BC) patients, and it directly depends on tumor-associated lymphatic vessels. We previously reported that lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory lymphangiogenesis is strongly promoted by myeloid-derived lymphatic endothelial cell progenitors (M-LECPs) derived from the bone marrow (BM). As BC recruits massive numbers of provascular myeloid cells, we hypothesized that M-LECPs, within this recruited population, are specifically programmed to promote tumor lymphatics that increase lymph node metastasis. In support of this hypothesis, high levels of M-LECPs were found in peripheral blood and tumor tissues of BC patients. Moreover, the density of M-LECPs and lymphatic vessels positive for myeloid marker proteins strongly correlated with patient node status. It was also established that tumor M-LECPs coexpress lymphatic-specific, stem/progenitor and M2-type macrophage markers that indicate their BM hematopoietic-myeloid origin and distinguish them from mature lymphatic endothelial cells, tumor-infiltrating lymphoid cells, and tissue-resident macrophages. Using four orthotopic BC models, we show that mouse M-LECPs are similarly recruited to tumors and integrate into preexisting lymphatics. Finally, we demonstrate that adoptive transfer of in vitro differentiated M-LECPs, but not naïve or nondifferentiated BM cells, significantly increased metastatic burden in ipsilateral lymph nodes. These data support a causative role of BC-induced lymphatic progenitors in tumor lymphangiogenesis and suggest molecular targets for their inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Volk-Draper
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Radhika Patel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Nihit Bhattarai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Andrew Wilber
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois; Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - David DeNardo
- Department of Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sophia Ran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois; Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois.
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10
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Lee JC. Microarray analysis after adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells injection in monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis rats. Genes Genomics 2018; 40:25-37. [PMID: 29892899 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-017-0607-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by abrasion, and ultimately, destruction of the articular cartilage and trabecular bone loss. OA is still considered a devastating disease, which requires an aggressive therapeutic approach. Despite the therapeutic potential of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs), the molecular parameters needed to define the "stemness" remain largely unknown. Using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays, the differential gene expression profiles between a fraction of human adipose-derived (AD) mononuclear cells and its MSC subpopulation were obtained. Of particular interest was a subset of 58 genes preferentially expressed at sevenfold or higher in the group treated with human AD-MSCs. This subset contained numerous genes involved in the inflammatory response, immune response, lipid metabolism, cell death, cell proliferation, and DNA repair. Additionally, four protein networks were constructed. The interaction network consisted of 46 proteins encoded by up-regulated genes. However, the interaction network also consisted of 38 proteins encoded by down-regulated genes. My results provide a basis for a more reproducible and reliable quality control using genotypic analysis for the definition of human AD-MSCs. Therefore, these results will provide a basis for studies on molecular mechanisms controlling the core properties of human MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Chul Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463707, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Distinct Profiles of CD163-Positive Macrophages in Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:1436236. [PMID: 29507864 PMCID: PMC5817286 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1436236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The types of cells most significantly linked to individual subtypes of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) remain unclear. Few studies have examined CD163+ macrophages in IIPs. Objective We retrospectively aimed to immunohistochemically characterize the CD163+ macrophages in IIPs. Methods Paraffin-embedded lung tissue samples were obtained from 47 patients with IIPs, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), and cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP), and 12 normal controls were immunohistochemically analyzed, using primary antibodies against CD68 and CD163 as indicators of pan and M2 macrophages, respectively. Results CD68+ macrophage density was significantly increased in the 3 subtypes of IIPs relative to that in the control group, although no difference was detected within the different IIPs. CD163+ macrophage density was significantly increased in NSIP and COP samples relative to that in IPF samples. The density ratio of CD163+ macrophages to CD68+ macrophages was significantly decreased in IPF/UIP samples relative to that in the others, while the densities in NSIP and COP were significantly higher than those in control cases. Conclusion CD163+ macrophages show distinct profiles among IIPs, and the standardized numerical density is decreased in IPF cases that have poor prognoses.
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12
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Ma C, Lv Q, Teng S, Yu Y, Niu K, Yi C. Identifying key genes in rheumatoid arthritis by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Int J Rheum Dis 2017; 20:971-979. [PMID: 28440025 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to identify rheumatoid arthritis (RA) related genes based on microarray data using the WGCNA (weighted gene co-expression network analysis) method. METHODS Two gene expression profile datasets GSE55235 (10 RA samples and 10 healthy controls) and GSE77298 (16 RA samples and seven healthy controls) were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. Characteristic genes were identified using metaDE package. WGCNA was used to find disease-related networks based on gene expression correlation coefficients, and module significance was defined as the average gene significance of all genes used to assess the correlation between the module and RA status. Genes in the disease-related gene co-expression network were subject to functional annotation and pathway enrichment analysis using Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery. Characteristic genes were also mapped to the Connectivity Map to screen small molecules. RESULTS A total of 599 characteristic genes were identified. For each dataset, characteristic genes in the green, red and turquoise modules were most closely associated with RA, with gene numbers of 54, 43 and 79, respectively. These genes were enriched in totally enriched in 17 Gene Ontology terms, mainly related to immune response (CD97, FYB, CXCL1, IKBKE, CCR1, etc.), inflammatory response (CD97, CXCL1, C3AR1, CCR1, LYZ, etc.) and homeostasis (C3AR1, CCR1, PLN, CCL19, PPT1, etc.). Two small-molecule drugs sanguinarine and papaverine were predicted to have a therapeutic effect against RA. CONCLUSION Genes related to immune response, inflammatory response and homeostasis presumably have critical roles in RA pathogenesis. Sanguinarine and papaverine have a potential therapeutic effect against RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Lv
- Department of Radiology, Tong Ji Hospital, Tong Ji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Songsong Teng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinxian Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kerun Niu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengqin Yi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Structural Evaluation and Binding Mode Analysis of CCL19 and CCR7 Proteins—Identification of Novel Leads for Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases: An Insilico study. Interdiscip Sci 2017; 10:346-366. [DOI: 10.1007/s12539-017-0212-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Yamashita M, Niisato M, Hanasaka T, Iwama N, Takahashi T, Sugai T, Ono M, Yamauchi K. Development of Lymphatic Capillary Network Along the Alveolar Walls of Autopsied Human Lungs with Pneumonia. Lymphat Res Biol 2016; 14:210-219. [PMID: 27617628 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2015.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited information is available regarding the lymphatic vasculature during pneumonia. OBJECTIVE To characterize lymphatic vasculatures in autopsied cadavers with pneumonia. METHODS Paraffin-embedded lung tissues obtained from 20 autopsied cadavers with complicated pneumonia and 10 control cadavers without pneumonia were used for immunohistochemical analyses using primary antibodies against podoplanin, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3), CD34, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, VEGF-D, CD73, and CD163. RESULTS There was no difference in the vascular density of podoplanin+ usual lymphatics between the individuals with and without pneumonia. In half of the cadavers with pneumonia, however, a network of podoplanin+ cells lying together in a side-by-side bead-like arrangement appeared along the alveolar septa; however, this was absent in the control cadavers. The podoplanin+ cells in the network were characterized by a weaker expression of podoplanin, relative to usual lymphatics, and the occasional presence of ductal structures. Although podoplanin+ cells were not coexpressed with VEGFR-3, a part of the network was connected to CD73+ afferent lymphatics. The network showed an intertwined relationship with CD34+ capillaries, suggesting that the network represents lymphatic capillaries. The number of CD163+ macrophages was significantly increased in individuals with the network than those without the network, while a significant decrease in neutrophils was observed. VEGF-C expressed in CD163+ macrophages and type II epithelial cells was observed in the cadavers with the network. CONCLUSION The development of lymphatic capillary networks along the alveolar septa rather than the usual lymphangiogenesis was noted in autopsied individuals with pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yamashita
- 1 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine , Morioka, Japan .,2 Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai, Japan
| | - Miyuki Niisato
- 1 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine , Morioka, Japan
| | - Tomohito Hanasaka
- 3 Technical Support Center for Life Science Research, Iwate Medical University , Iwate, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Iwama
- 4 Department of Pathology, Tohoku Rosai Hospital , Sendai, Japan
| | - Tohru Takahashi
- 5 Department of Pathology, Ishinomaki Red Cross Hospital , Ishinomaki, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Sugai
- 6 Department of Pathology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine , Morioka, Japan
| | - Masao Ono
- 2 Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamauchi
- 1 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine , Morioka, Japan
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15
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Yamashita M. Lymphangiogenesis and Lesion Heterogeneity in Interstitial Lung Diseases. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CIRCULATORY RESPIRATORY AND PULMONARY MEDICINE 2016; 9:111-21. [PMID: 26823655 PMCID: PMC4725607 DOI: 10.4137/ccrpm.s33856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The lymphatic system has several physiological roles, including fluid homeostasis and the activation of adaptive immunity by fluid drainage and cell transport. Lymphangiogenesis occurs in adult tissues during various pathologic conditions. In addition, lymphangiogenesis is closely linked to capillary angiogenesis, and the balanced interrelationship between capillary angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis is essential for maintaining homeostasis in tissues. Recently, an increasing body of information regarding the biology of lymphatic endothelial cells has allowed us to immunohistochemically characterize lymphangiogenesis in several lung diseases. Particular interest has been given to the interstitial lung diseases. Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) are characterized by heterogeneity in pathologic changes and lesions, as typified by idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/usual interstitial pneumonia. In IIPs, lymphangiogenesis is likely to have different types of localized functions within each disorder, corresponding to the heterogeneity of lesions in terms of inflammation and fibrosis. These functions include inhibitory absorption of interstitial fluid and small molecules and maturation of fibrosis by excessive interstitial fluid drainage, caused by an unbalanced relationship between capillary angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis and trafficking of antigen-presenting cells and induction of fibrogenesis via CCL21 and CCR7 signals. Better understanding for regional functions of lymphangiogenesis might provide new treatment strategies tailored to lesion heterogeneity in these complicated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yamashita
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
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16
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Yamashita M, Mouri T, Niisato M, Nitanai H, Kobayashi H, Ogasawara M, Endo R, Konishi K, Sugai T, Sawai T, Yamauchi K. Lymphangiogenic factors are associated with the severity of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. BMJ Open Respir Res 2015; 2:e000085. [PMID: 26448865 PMCID: PMC4593170 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2015-000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antigen presenting cells play a pivotal role in the adaptive immune response in hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). It was hypothesised that lymphangiogenesis is involved in the pathophysiology of HP via cell transport. Objective To determine the clinical significance of lymphangiogenic factors in HP. Methods Levels of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF)-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D and CCL21 in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured in 29 healthy volunteers, 14 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and 26 patients with HP by ELISA. Additionally, immunohistochemical analyses were performed using lung specimens of patients with HP (n=8) and IPF (n=10). Results BALF VEGF-D levels were significantly elevated in patients with HP compared to the other groups. BALF VEGF–D levels in patients with HP correlated significantly with the BALF total cell and lymphocyte counts (r=0.485, p=0.014 and r=0.717, p<0.0001, respectively). BALF VEGF-C and CCL21 levels were increased in patients with HP compared to healthy volunteers, but not patients with IPF. BALF CCL21 levels were negatively correlated with the forced expiratory volume in 1 s percentage and diffuse capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (r=−0.662, p=0.007 and r=−0.671, p=0.024, respectively). According to the immunohistochemical analyses, CCL21 was expressed in the lymphatic endothelium in both conditions and CCR7+ cells were aggregated around lymphatics in patients with HP, but not in patients with IPF. Conclusions Lymphangiogenic factors might be associated with the inflammatory and functional severity of HP. The increased BALF VEGF-D levels were associated with lymphatic alveolitis intensity, and CCL21 with lung function impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yamashita
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatology , Iwate Medical University School of Medicine , Morioka , Japan
| | - Takashi Mouri
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatology , Iwate Medical University School of Medicine , Morioka , Japan ; Department of Respiratory Medicine , Iwate Prefectural Chubu Hospital , Kitakami , Japan
| | - Miyuki Niisato
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatology , Iwate Medical University School of Medicine , Morioka , Japan
| | - Hiroo Nitanai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatology , Iwate Medical University School of Medicine , Morioka , Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatology , Iwate Medical University School of Medicine , Morioka , Japan
| | - Masahito Ogasawara
- Department of Pharmacology , Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine , Toon , Japan
| | - Ryujin Endo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Iwate Medical University School of Medicine , Morioka , Japan
| | - Kazuki Konishi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine , Morioka Tsunagi Onsen Hospital , Morioka , Japan
| | - Tamotsu Sugai
- Department of Pathology , Iwate Medical University School of Medicine , Morioka , Japan
| | - Takashi Sawai
- Department of Pathology , Iwate Medical University School of Medicine , Morioka , Japan
| | - Kohei Yamauchi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatology , Iwate Medical University School of Medicine , Morioka , Japan
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Zhang L, Fu XH, Yu Y, Shui RH, Li C, Zeng HY, Qiao YL, Ni LY, Wang Q. Treatment with CA-074Me, a Cathepsin B inhibitor, reduces lung interstitial inflammation and fibrosis in a rat model of polymyositis. J Transl Med 2015; 95:65-77. [PMID: 25384123 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin B (CB) is involved in the turnover of proteins and has various roles in maintaining the normal metabolism of cells. In our recent study, CB is increased in the muscles of polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM). However, the role of CB in interstitial lung disease (ILD) has not been reported. ILD is a frequent complication of PM/DM, which is the leading cause of death in PM/DM. It carries high morbidity and mortality in connective tissue diseases, characterized by an overproduction of inflammatory cytokines and induced fibrosis, resulting in respiratory failure. The etiology and pathogenesis of ILD remain incompletely understood. This study investigated whether treatment with CA-074Me, a specific inhibitor of CB, attenuates ILD in PM. CB expression, inflammation, and fibrosis were analyzed in the lung tissues from patients with PM/DM. The animal model of PM was induced in guinea pigs with Coxsackie virus B1 (CVB1). CA-074Me was given 24 h after CVB1 injection for 7 consecutive days. At the end of the experiment, the animals were killed and lung tissues were collected for the following analysis. Inflammation, fibrosis and apoptosis cells, and cytokines were assessed by histological examinations and immunohistochemical analyses, western blot analysis and transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay. In patients with PM/DM, the protein levels of CB were significantly elevated in lung tissues compared with healthy controls, which correlated with increases in inflammation and fibrosis. Similarly, the expression of CB, inflammation and fibrosis, CD8(+) T cell, CD68(+) cell, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta1 infiltrations, and apoptotic cell death were significantly increased in lung tissues of the guinea-pig model of CVB1-induced PM. These changes were attenuated by the administration of CA-074Me. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that PM/DM increases CB expression in lung tissues and inhibition of CB reduces ILD in a guinea-pig model of CVB1-induced PM. This finding suggests that CB may be a potential therapeutic target for ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hong Fu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Pudong Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ruo-Hong Shui
- Department of Pathology, Tumor Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hai-Ying Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yu-Lei Qiao
- Department of thoracic surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Li-Yan Ni
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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Grzegorek I, Drozdz K, Chmielewska M, Gomulkiewicz A, Jablonska K, Piotrowska A, Karczewski M, Janczak D, Podhorska-Okolow M, Dziegiel P, Szuba A. Arterial Wall Lymphangiogenesis Is Increased in the Human Iliac Atherosclerotic Arteries: Involvement of CCR7 Receptor. Lymphat Res Biol 2014; 12:222-31. [DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2013.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Irmina Grzegorek
- Regional Specialized Hospital in Wroclaw, Research and Development Center, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Drozdz
- Regional Specialized Hospital in Wroclaw, Research and Development Center, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Internal Medicine, 4th Military Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chmielewska
- Regional Specialized Hospital in Wroclaw, Research and Development Center, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gomulkiewicz
- Regional Specialized Hospital in Wroclaw, Research and Development Center, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Jablonska
- Regional Specialized Hospital in Wroclaw, Research and Development Center, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Piotrowska
- Regional Specialized Hospital in Wroclaw, Research and Development Center, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Karczewski
- Regional Specialized Hospital in Wroclaw, Research and Development Center, Wroclaw, Poland
- Illimites Foundation, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Janczak
- Regional Specialized Hospital in Wroclaw, Research and Development Center, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Clinical Proceedings, Faculty of Health Science, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Surgery, 4th Military Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marzena Podhorska-Okolow
- Regional Specialized Hospital in Wroclaw, Research and Development Center, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Dziegiel
- Regional Specialized Hospital in Wroclaw, Research and Development Center, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Szuba
- Regional Specialized Hospital in Wroclaw, Research and Development Center, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Internal Medicine, 4th Military Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Qin Y, He LD, Sheng ZJ, Yong MM, Sheng YS, Wei Dong X, Wen Wen T, Ming ZY. Increased CCL19 and CCL21 levels promote fibroblast ossification in ankylosing spondylitis hip ligament tissue. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014; 15:316. [PMID: 25260647 PMCID: PMC4190335 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is well-documented that both chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19) and 21 (CCL21) mediate cell migration and angiogenesis in many diseases. However, these ligands’ precise pathological role in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has not been elucidated. The objective of this study was to examine the expression of CCL19 and CCL21 (CCL19/CCL21) in AS hip ligament tissue (LT) and determine their pathological functions. Methods The expression levels of CCL19, CCL21 and their receptor CCR7 in AS (n = 31) and osteoarthritis (OA, n = 21) LT were analyzed via real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The expression of CCL19, CCL21 and CCR7 in AS ligament fibroblasts was also detected. The proliferation of ligament fibroblasts was measured via a cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay after exogenous CCL19/CCL21 treatment. Additionally, the role of CCL19/CCL21 in osteogenesis was evaluated via RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in individual AS fibroblast cultures. Furthermore, the expression of the bone markers alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), collagenase I (COL1), integrin-binding sialoprotein (IBSP) and the key regulators runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx-2) and osterix were investigated. Moreover, the CCL19/CCL21 levels in serum and LT were measured via ELISA. Results The mRNA levels of CCL19/CCL21 in AS hip LT were significantly higher than that in OA LT, and IHC analysis revealed a similar result. Exogenous CCL19/CCL21 treatment did not affect the proliferation of ligament fibroblasts but significantly up-regulated the expression of bone markers, including ALP and OCN, and the key regulators Runx-2 and osterix. In addition, the serum levels of CCL19/CCL21 were apparently elevated in AS patients compared to healthy controls (HC), and the expression of the two chemokines correlated significantly in AS patients. Conclusions CCL19 and CCL21, two chemokines displaying significantly associated expression in serum, indicating a synergistic effect on AS pathogenesis, may function as promoters of ligament ossification in AS patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2474-15-316) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xu Wei Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, Changhai Road 168, Shanghai 200433, Yangpu district, P, R, China.
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20
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Dieterich LC, Seidel CD, Detmar M. Lymphatic vessels: new targets for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Angiogenesis 2013; 17:359-71. [PMID: 24212981 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-013-9406-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic system plays an important role in the physiological control of the tissue fluid balance and in the initiation of immune responses. Recent studies have shown that lymphangiogenesis, the growth of new lymphatic vessels and/or the expansion of existing lymphatic vessels, is a characteristic feature of acute inflammatory reactions and of chronic inflammatory diseases. In these conditions, lymphatic vessel expansion occurs at the tissue level but also within the draining lymph nodes. Surprisingly, activation of lymphatic vessel function by delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor-C exerts anti-inflammatory effects in several models of cutaneous and joint inflammation. These effects are likely mediated by enhanced drainage of extravasated fluid and inflammatory cells, but also by lymphatic vessel-mediated modulation of immune responses. Although some of the underlying mechanisms are just beginning to be identified, lymphatic vessels have emerged as important targets for the development of new therapeutic strategies to treat inflammatory conditions. In this context, it is of great interest that some of the currently used anti-inflammatory drugs also potently activate lymphatic vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lothar C Dieterich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, HCI H 303, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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Chaitanya GV, Omura S, Sato F, Martinez NE, Minagar A, Ramanathan M, Guttman BW, Zivadinov R, Tsunoda I, Alexander JS. Inflammation induces neuro-lymphatic protein expression in multiple sclerosis brain neurovasculature. J Neuroinflammation 2013; 10:125. [PMID: 24124909 PMCID: PMC3854084 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-10-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with ectopic lymphoid follicle formation. Podoplanin+ (lymphatic marker) T helper17 (Th17) cells and B cell aggregates have been implicated in the formation of tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) in MS and experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE). Since podoplanin expressed by Th17 cells in MS brains is also expressed by lymphatic endothelium, we investigated whether the pathophysiology of MS involves inductions of lymphatic proteins in the inflamed neurovasculature. Methods We assessed the protein levels of lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor and podoplanin, which are specific to the lymphatic system and prospero-homeobox protein-1, angiopoietin-2, vascular endothelial growth factor-D, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3, which are expressed by both lymphatic endothelium and neurons. Levels of these proteins were measured in postmortem brains and sera from MS patients, in the myelin proteolipid protein (PLP)-induced EAE and Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD) mouse models and in cell culture models of inflamed neurovasculature. Results and conclusions Intense staining for LYVE-1 was found in neurons of a subset of MS patients using immunohistochemical approaches. The lymphatic protein, podoplanin, was highly expressed in perivascular inflammatory lesions indicating signaling cross-talks between inflamed brain vasculature and lymphatic proteins in MS. The profiles of these proteins in MS patient sera discriminated between relapsing remitting MS from secondary progressive MS and normal patients. The in vivo findings were confirmed in the in vitro cell culture models of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganta Vijay Chaitanya
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health-Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA.
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22
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Huang YH, Yang HY, Hsu YF, Chiu PT, Ou G, Hsu MJ. Src contributes to IL6-induced vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression in lymphatic endothelial cells. Angiogenesis 2013; 17:407-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s10456-013-9386-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Mathes AL, Christmann RB, Stifano G, Affandi AJ, Radstake TRDJ, Farina GA, Padilla C, McLaughlin S, Lafyatis R. Global chemokine expression in systemic sclerosis (SSc): CCL19 expression correlates with vascular inflammation in SSc skin. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 73:1864-72. [PMID: 23873879 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterise global chemokine expression in systemic sclerosis (SSc) skin in order to better understand the relationship between chemokine expression and vascular inflammation in this disease. METHODS We investigated chemokine mRNA expression in the skin through quantitative PCR analysis comparing patients with diffuse cutaneous (dcSSc) or limited cutaneous (lcSSc) disease with healthy controls. We tested correlations between the most regulated chemokines and vascular inflammation and macrophage recruitment. CCL19 expression was examined in human primary immune cells treated with innate immune activators. RESULTS The chemokines, CCL18, CCL19 and CXCL13, were upregulated in dcSSc skin, and CCL18 in lcSSc skin. Expression of CCL19 in dcSSc skin correlated with markers of vascular inflammation and macrophage recruitment. Immunofluorescence data showed CCL19 colocalisation with CD163 macrophages in dcSSc skin. In vitro studies on human primary cells demonstrated that CCL19 expression was induced after toll-like receptor activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and separated populations of CD14 monocytes. CONCLUSIONS CCL18, CCL19 and CXCL13-chemoattractants for macrophage and T cell recruitment-were three of six chemokines with the highest expression in dcSSc skin. Increased CCL19 expression in the skin suggests a role for CCL19 in the recruitment of immune cells to the peripheral tissue. Induction of CCL19 in macrophages but not structural cells indicates a role for skin-resident or recruited immune cells in perivascular inflammation. This study demonstrates that CCL19 is a sensitive marker for the perivascular inflammation and immune cell recruitment seen in dcSSc skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Mathes
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Romy B Christmann
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Giuseppina Stifano
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alsya J Affandi
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy R D J Radstake
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - G Alessandra Farina
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cristina Padilla
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah McLaughlin
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Lafyatis
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Mimori K, Shinden Y, Eguchi H, Sudo T, Sugimachi K. Biological and molecular aspects of lymph node metastasis in gastro-intestinal cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2013; 18:762-5. [PMID: 23828632 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-013-0587-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the existence of lymph node micrometastasis, including isolated tumor cells, has been the focus of the development of molecular diagnostic tools for lymph node metastasis in various malignant neoplasms, including those of the GI tract. In this review, we summarize recent molecular biological studies that might provide two reasons to explain the survival of single isolated cancer cells in lymph nodes. One is the specific characteristics of cancer cells, which can exist under severe circumstances, along with recent technological innovations to obtain expression profiles and sequencing from a single cell. The other is microenvironmental factors that support the formation of micrometastasis even in small numbers of cancer cells. The expression profile of whole transcriptome sequencing, genomic sequencing and epigenetic sequencing of a single cancer cell with tumorigenic properties in lymph node metastases should be disclosed in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koshi Mimori
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu, 874-0838, Japan,
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Kambouchner M, Bernaudin JF. [Lymphatics in non-tumoral pulmonary diseases. Review]. REVUE DE PNEUMOLOGIE CLINIQUE 2013; 69:170-174. [PMID: 23474099 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneumo.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Whereas lymphatics in pulmonary non-tumoral diseases have been less studied than blood microcirculation, they clearly play a significant role. This review is a short update on lymphatics in various non-tumoral pulmonary diseases, from asthma to interstitial pneumonitis, excluding lymphangioleiomyomatosis. A lymphatic remodelling has been evidenced in asthma as well as in acute or chronic (UIP as NSIP) interstitial lung diseases. Such a remodelling can be explained as a side effect of local changes in fluidics but could also be an active player in the fibrosing process. Moreover the association of juxta-alveloar lymphatics and granulomas provides new insights in the emergence of these lesions in pulmonary sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kambouchner
- Service d'anatomie pathologique, hôpital Avicenne, 93009 Bobigny, France
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Lara AR, Cosgrove GP, Janssen WJ, Huie TJ, Burnham EL, Heinz DE, Curran-Everett D, Sahin H, Schwarz MI, Cool CD, Groshong SD, Geraci MW, Tuder RM, Hyde DM, Henson PM. Increased lymphatic vessel length is associated with the fibroblast reticulum and disease severity in usual interstitial pneumonia and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. Chest 2013; 142:1569-1576. [PMID: 22797508 DOI: 10.1378/chest.12-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphangiogenesis responds to tissue injury as a key component of normal wound healing. The development of fibrosis in the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias may result from abnormal wound healing in response to injury. We hypothesize that increased lymphatic vessel (LV) length, a marker of lymphangiogenesis, is associated with parenchymal components of the fibroblast reticulum (organizing collagen, fibrotic collagen, and fibroblast foci), and its extent correlates with disease severity. METHODS We assessed stereologically the parenchymal structure of fibrotic lungs and its associated lymphatic network, which was highlighted immunohistochemically in age-matched samples of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) with FVC < 80%, COPD with a Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease stage 0, and normal control lungs. RESULTS LV length density, as opposed to vessel volume density, was found to be associated with organizing and fibrotic collagen density (P < .0001). Length density of LVs and the volume density of organizing and fibrotic collagen were significantly associated with severity of both % FVC (P < .001) and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Severity of disease in UIP and NSIP is associated with increased LV length and is strongly associated with components of the fibroblast reticulum, namely organizing and fibrotic collagen, which supports a pathogenic role of LVs in these two diseases. Furthermore, the absence of definable differences between UIP and NSIP suggests that LVs are a unifying mechanism for the development of fibrosis in these fibrotic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R Lara
- Division of Pulmonary Science and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO.
| | - Gregory P Cosgrove
- Division of Pulmonary Science and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
| | - William J Janssen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
| | - Tristan J Huie
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
| | - Ellen L Burnham
- Division of Pulmonary Science and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - David E Heinz
- Division of Pulmonary Science and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Douglas Curran-Everett
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
| | - Hakan Sahin
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Marvin I Schwarz
- Division of Pulmonary Science and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Carlyne D Cool
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Mark W Geraci
- Division of Pulmonary Science and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Rubin M Tuder
- Division of Pulmonary Science and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Dallas M Hyde
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Peter M Henson
- Division of Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
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Heterogeneous Characteristics of Lymphatic Microvasculatures Associated with Pulmonary Sarcoid Granulomas. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2013; 10:90-7. [DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201209-078oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Abstract
Historically, lymphatic vessels were considered passive participants in tumor metastasis by simply providing channels for tumor cells to transit to draining lymph nodes. The discovery of several key lymphatic-specific molecular markers and an increased availability of in vitro and in vivo experimental systems to study lymphatic biology have however highlighted a much more complex, active role for the lymphatic vasculature in metastatic tumor spread. This review will briefly describe the lymphatic system and lymphangiogenesis and then focus on the role of the lymphatic system in cancer metastasis. The progression of our understanding from the lymphatic system as a somewhat passive conduit for metastasis to an active participant in metastatic tumor dissemination, regulated by a complex array of lymphangiogenic factors, chemokines, and immune cell subsets, will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailsa Christiansen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Ran S, Montgomery KE. Macrophage-mediated lymphangiogenesis: the emerging role of macrophages as lymphatic endothelial progenitors. Cancers (Basel) 2012; 4:618-57. [PMID: 22946011 PMCID: PMC3430523 DOI: 10.3390/cancers4030618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that macrophages and other inflammatory cells support tumor progression and metastasis. During early stages of neoplastic development, tumor-infiltrating macrophages (TAMs) mount an immune response against transformed cells. Frequently, however, cancer cells escape the immune surveillance, an event that is accompanied by macrophage transition from an anti-tumor to a pro-tumorigenic type. The latter is characterized by high expression of factors that activate endothelial cells, suppress immune response, degrade extracellular matrix, and promote tumor growth. Cumulatively, these products of TAMs promote tumor expansion and growth of both blood and lymphatic vessels that facilitate metastatic spread. Breast cancers and other epithelial malignancies induce the formation of new lymphatic vessels (i.e., lymphangiogenesis) that leads to lymphatic and subsequently, to distant metastasis. Both experimental and clinical studies have shown that TAMs significantly promote tumor lymphangiogenesis through paracrine and cell autonomous modes. The paracrine effect consists of the expression of a variety of pro-lymphangiogenic factors that activate the preexisting lymphatic vessels. The evidence for cell-autonomous contribution is based on the observed tumor mobilization of macrophage-derived lymphatic endothelial cell progenitors (M-LECP) that integrate into lymphatic vessels prior to sprouting. This review will summarize the current knowledge of macrophage-dependent growth of new lymphatic vessels with specific emphasis on an emerging role of macrophages as lymphatic endothelial cell progenitors (M-LECP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Ran
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-217-545-7026; Fax: +1-217-545-7333
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Ji RC. Macrophages are important mediators of either tumor- or inflammation-induced lymphangiogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:897-914. [PMID: 21984600 PMCID: PMC11114502 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0848-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The lymphatic system provides important functions for tissue fluid homeostasis and immune response. Lymphangiogenesis, the formation of new lymphatics, comprises a series of complex cellular events in vitro or in vivo, e.g., proliferation, differentiation, and sprouting. Recent evidence has implied that macrophages act as a direct structural contributor to lymphatic endothelial walls or secret VEGF-C/-D and VEGF-A to initiate lymphangiogenesis in inflamed or tumor tissues. Bone marrow-derived macrophages are versatile cells that express different functional programs in response to exposure to microenvironmental signals, and can be identified by specific expression of a number of proteins, F4/80, CD11b, and CD68. Several causative factors, e.g., NF-κB, IL-1β, TNF-α, SDF-1, M-CSF, especially TonEBP/VEGF-C signaling, may be actively involved in macrophage-induced lymphangiogenesis. Alteration of macrophage phenotype and function has a profound effect on the development and progression of inflammation and malignancy, and macrophage depletion for controlling lymphangiogenesis may provide a novel approach for prevention and treatment of lymphatic-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Cheng Ji
- Department of Human Anatomy, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
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Pickens SR, Chamberlain ND, Volin MV, Pope RM, Mandelin AM, Shahrara S. Characterization of CCL19 and CCL21 in rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:914-22. [PMID: 21225692 DOI: 10.1002/art.30232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the expression of CCL19 and CCL21 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue (ST) and to examine their regulation and pathogenetic role in macrophages and RA ST fibroblasts. METHODS Expression of CCL19 and CCL21 in RA and normal ST was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry analysis. CCL19 and CCL21 levels in synovial fluid (SF) from patients with osteoarthritis (OA), juvenile idiopathic arthritis, psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and RA were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Regulation of CCL19 and CCL21 expression in in vitro-differentiated RA peripheral blood macrophages as well as RA ST fibroblasts was determined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Proangiogenic factor production in CCL19- and CCL21-activated in vitro-differentiated peripheral blood macrophages and RA ST fibroblasts was examined by ELISA. RESULTS CCL19 and CCL21 were elevated in RA ST compared to tissue from normal controls. Levels of CCL19 and CCL21 were greatly increased in RA and PsA SF versus OA SF. In RA macrophages and fibroblasts, expression of CCL19 was increased by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). However, CCL21 expression was modulated only by IL-1β in RA fibroblasts, and by TNFα and RA SF in RA macrophages. CCL19 and CCL21 activation induced vascular endothelial growth factor and angiotensin I (Ang I) production in RA ST fibroblasts and secretion of IL-8 and Ang I from macrophages. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study identify, for the first time, regulators of CCL19 and CCL21 in RA fibroblasts and in vitro-differentiated RA peripheral blood macrophages and demonstrate a novel role of CCL19/CCL21 in angiogenesis in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Pickens
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Gallego E, Vicioso L, Álvarez M, Hierro I, Pérez-Villa L, Blanes A, Matilla A. Stromal expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C is relevant to predict sentinel lymph node status in melanomas. Virchows Arch 2011; 458:621-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-011-1044-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Revised: 01/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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