1
|
Xu Q, Fu H, Gu J, Lei L, Ling L. Catalytic detoxification of mitoxantrone by graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3N 4) supported Fe/Pd bimetallic nanoparticles. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 148:614-624. [PMID: 39095194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2024.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The overuse of antibiotics and antitumor drugs has resulted in more and more extensive pollution of water bodies with organic drugs, causing detrimental ecological effects, which have attracted attention towards effective and sustainable methods for antibiotics and antitumor drug degradation. Here, the hybrid nanomaterial (g-C3N4@Fe/Pd) was synthesized and used to remove a kind of both an antibiotic and antitumor drug named mitoxantrone (MTX) with 92.0% removal efficiency, and the MTX removal capacity is 450 mg/g. After exposing to the hybrid material the MTX aqueous solution changed color from dark blue to lighter progressively, and LC-UV results of residual solutions show that a new peak at 3.0 min (MTX: 13.2 min) after removal by g-C3N4@Fe/Pd appears, with the simultaneous detection of intermediate products indicating that g-C3N4@Fe/Pd indeed degrades MTX. Detailed mass spectrometric analysis suggests that the nuclear mass ratio decreased from 445.2 (M+1H) to 126.0 (M+1H), 169.1 (M+1H), 239.2 (M+1H), 267.3 (M+1H), 285.2 (M+1H), 371.4 (M+1H) and 415.2 (M+1H), and the maximum proportion (5.63%) substance of all degradation products (126.0 (M+1H)) is 40-100 times less toxic than MTX. A mechanism for the removal and degradation of mitoxantrone was proposed. Besides, actual water experiments confirmed that the maximum removal capacity of MTX by g-C3N4@Fe/Pd is up to 492.4 mg/g (0.02 g/L, 10 ppm).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Haoyang Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiyuan Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Liyu Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lan Ling
- State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Catalytic ozonation of real textile wastewater by magnetic oxidized g-C3N4 modified with Al2O3 nanoparticles as a novel catalyst. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
3
|
Çalışkan M, Akay S, Kayan B, Baran T, Kalderis D. Preparation and Application of a Hydrochar-Based Palladium Nanocatalyst for the Reduction of Nitroarenes. Molecules 2021; 26:6859. [PMID: 34833951 PMCID: PMC8621521 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a novel heterogeneous catalyst was successfully fabricated through the decoration of palladium nanoparticles on the surface of designed Fe3O4-coffee waste composite (Pd-Fe3O4-CWH) for the catalytic reduction of nitroarenes. Various characterization techniques such as XRD, FE-SEM and EDS were used to establish its nano-sized chemical structure. It was determined that Pd-Fe3O4-CWH is a useful nanocatalyst, which can efficiently reduce various nitroarenes, including 4-nitrobenzoic acid (4-NBA), 4-nitroaniline (4-NA), 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (4-NPD), 2-nitroaniline (2-NA) and 3-nitroanisole (3-NAS), using NaBH4 in aqueous media and ambient conditions. Catalytic reactions were monitored with the help of high-performance liquid chromatography. Additionally, Pd-Fe3O4-CWH was proved to be a reusable catalyst by maintaining its catalytic activity through six successive runs. Moreover, the nanocatalyst displayed a superior catalytic performance compared to other catalysts by providing a shorter reaction time to complete the reduction in nitroarenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melike Çalışkan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Aksaray University, Aksaray 68100, Turkey; (M.Ç.); (S.A.); (B.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Sema Akay
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Aksaray University, Aksaray 68100, Turkey; (M.Ç.); (S.A.); (B.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Berkant Kayan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Aksaray University, Aksaray 68100, Turkey; (M.Ç.); (S.A.); (B.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Talat Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Aksaray University, Aksaray 68100, Turkey; (M.Ç.); (S.A.); (B.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Dimitrios Kalderis
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73100 Chania, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Silver nanoparticles supported on P, Se-codoped g-C3N4 nanosheet as a novel heterogeneous catalyst for reduction of nitroaromatics to their corresponding amines. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
5
|
Mohajer F, Heravi MM, Zadsirjan V, Poormohammad N. Copper-free Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions: an overview. RSC Adv 2021; 11:6885-6925. [PMID: 35423221 PMCID: PMC8695108 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10575a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sonogashira reaction is a cross-coupling reaction of a vinyl or aryl halide with a terminal alkyne to form a C-C bond. In its original form, the Sonogashira reaction is performed with a palladium species as a catalyst while co-catalyzed by a copper species and a phosphine or amine. The reaction is conducted under mild conditions, i.e., room temperature, aqueous solutions, and the presence of mild bases. Undeniably, the Sonogashira reaction is among the most competent and efficient reactions widely used in organic synthesis. This named reaction has proved useful in many organic synthesis areas, including the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, heterocycles, natural products, organic compounds, complex molecules having biological activities, nanomaterials, and many more materials that we use in our daily lives. The presence of transition metals as a catalyst was indeed essential in the Sonogashira reaction. However, recently, the reaction has been successfully conducted without copper as a co-catalyst and phosphines or amines as bases. In this critical review, we have focused on developments in the Sonogashira reaction successfully performed in the absence of copper complexes, phosphines or amines, which could be of particular advantage in implementing green chemistry principles and making the reactions more achievable from an economic viewpoint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohajer
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University PO Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran +98 21 88041344 +98 21 88044051
| | - Majid M Heravi
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University PO Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran +98 21 88041344 +98 21 88044051
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University PO Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran +98 21 88041344 +98 21 88044051
| | - Nargess Poormohammad
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University PO Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran +98 21 88041344 +98 21 88044051
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rousta M, Khalili D, Khalafi-Nezhad A, Ebrahimi E. CuO-decorated magnetite-reduced graphene oxide: a robust and promising heterogeneous catalyst for the oxidative amidation of methylarenes in water via benzylic sp 3 C–H activation. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03982b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CuO-decorated magnetite-reduced graphene oxide: a heterogeneous catalyst for the oxidative amidation of methylarenes in water at room temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Rousta
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71467-13565, Iran
| | - Dariush Khalili
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71467-13565, Iran
| | - Ali Khalafi-Nezhad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71467-13565, Iran
| | - Edris Ebrahimi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71467-13565, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pd on poly(1-vinylimidazole) decorated magnetic S-doped grafitic carbon nitride: an efficient catalyst for catalytic reduction of organic dyes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13440. [PMID: 32778757 PMCID: PMC7417994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70457-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel magnetic catalyst, (SGCN/Fe3O4/PVIs/Pd) was synthesized by growing of poly(1-vinylimidazole) on the surface of ionic liquid decorated magnetic S-doped graphitic carbon nitride, followed by stabilization of palladium nanoparticles. Catalytic activity of the prepared heterogeneous catalyst was explored for the catalytic reduction of hazardous dyes, methyl orange and Rhodamine B, in the presence of NaBH4. Besides, the effects of the reaction variables on the catalytic activity were investigated in detail. The kinetics study established that dye reduction was the first order reaction and the apparent activation energy was calculated to be 72.63 kJ/mol and 68.35 kJ/mol1 for methyl orange and Rhodamine B dyes, respectively. Moreover, ΔS# and ΔH# values for methyl orange were found to be − 33.67 J/mol K and 68.39 kJ/mol respectively. These values for Rhodamine B were − 45.62 J/mol K and 65.92 kJ/mol. The recycling test verified that the catalyst possessed good stability and reusability, thereby making it a good candidate for the catalytic purposes. Furthermore, a possible catalytic mechanism for dye catalytic reduction over SGCN/Fe3O4/PVIs/Pd was proposed.
Collapse
|
8
|
Baran T. Pd NPs@Fe3O4/chitosan/pumice hybrid beads: A highly active, magnetically retrievable, and reusable nanocatalyst for cyanation of aryl halides. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 237:116105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
9
|
Mohammadi P, Heravi MM, Sadjadi S. Green synthesis of Ag NPs on magnetic polyallylamine decorated g-C 3N 4 by Heracleum persicum extract: efficient catalyst for reduction of dyes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6579. [PMID: 32313151 PMCID: PMC7171167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63756-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles were immobilized on magnetic polyallylamine (PAA) decorated g-C3N4 by using Heracleum persicum extract as a biological reducing and stabilizing agent. The resulting nanocomposite, Fe3O4-g-C3N4-TCT-PAA-Ag, was then characterized using BET, VSM, XRD, TGA, FTIR, TEM, EDS and ICP. The catalytic performance of the synthesized nanocatalyst was considered in the reduction of rhodamine B, and methyl orange in the presence of sodium borohydride in the aqueous medium at room temperature. The results showed that Fe3O4-g-C3N4-TCT-PAA-Ag nanocomposite could promote both reduction reactions efficiently in very short reaction times (70-100 s). In addition, Fe3O4-g-C3N4-TCT-PAA-Ag could be magnetically recovered and recycled for several cycles with no significant decrease in its catalytic performance. Using the experimental results, the rate constant, enthalpy, and entropy of the reduction reactions of both dyes were estimated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pourya Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, PO Box 1993891176, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid M Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, PO Box 1993891176, Vanak, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Samahe Sadjadi
- Gas Conversion Department, Faculty of Petrochemicals, Iran polymer and Petrochemicals Institute, 15 km Tehran-Karaj Highway, Pajuhesh Science and Technology Park, Pajuhesh Boulevard, postal cod; 14977-13115, PO Box 14975-112, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zoghi R, Heravi MM, Montazeri N, Zeydi MM, Hosseinnejad T. Preparation of an efficient catalyst through injection of CuI on modified poly (styrene‐co‐maleic anhydride) and theoretical investigation of the structural and electronic properties of catalyst. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rozita Zoghi
- Department of chemistry, Tonekabon BranchIslamic Azad University Tonekabon Iran
| | | | - Naser Montazeri
- Department of chemistry, Tonekabon BranchIslamic Azad University Tonekabon Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sadjadi S, Malmir M, Léger B, Monflier E, Heravi MM. Palladium nanoparticles supported on nitrogen doped porous carbon material derived from cyclodextrin, glucose and melamine based polymer: promising catalysts for hydrogenation reactions. PURE APPL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2019-1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Melamine based polymer (MT) was prepared and then reacted with a mixture of glucose (Glu) and β-cyclodextrin (CD) under hydrothermal conditions to afford, MT/Glu-CD. Then, the adsorption of Pd salt was realized on MT/Glu-CD. The resulting compound was subsequently carbonized to furnish Pd/MT/C that exhibited high catalytic activity for the hydrogenation of nitroarenes in aqueous media. To elucidate the roles of CD, Glu, the molar ratio of Glu:CD and the carbonization in the catalytic activity, several control catalysts have been prepared and their performances for a model hydrogenation reaction were compared with that of Pd/MT/C. The results confirmed the importance of the carbonization as well as the presence of CD for achieving high catalytic activity. Moreover, it was found that the molar ratio of Glu:CD could affect the catalytic activity of the final catalyst and the optimum molar ratio of Glu:CD was 30:70. The recycling test as well as measurement of Pd leaching demonstrated high recyclability and low Pd leaching of Pd/MT/C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samahe Sadjadi
- Gas Conversion Department, Faculty of Petrochemicals , Iran Polymer and Petrochemicals Institute , PO Box 14975-112 , Tehran , Iran , Tel.: +98 2148666, Fax: +98 2144787021-3
| | - Masoumeh Malmir
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , Alzahra University , PO Box 1993891176, Vanak , Tehran , Iran
| | - Bastien Léger
- Université Artois, CNRS, Centrale Lille , ENSCL, Univ. Lille, UMR 8181, Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide (UCCS) , F-62300 Lens , France
| | - Eric Monflier
- Université Artois, CNRS, Centrale Lille , ENSCL, Univ. Lille, UMR 8181, Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide (UCCS) , F-62300 Lens , France
| | - Majid M. Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , Alzahra University , PO Box 1993891176, Vanak , Tehran , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Murashkina AV, Mitrofanov AY, Beletskaya IP. Copper in Cross-Coupling Reactions: I. Sonogashira-Hagihara Reaction. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428019100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
13
|
Photon-Induced Superior Antibacterial Activity of Palladium-Decorated, Magnetically Separable Fe 3O 4/Pd/mpg-C 3N 4 Nanocomposites. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213888. [PMID: 31671750 PMCID: PMC6864803 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-component nanocomposites (Fe3O4/Pd/mpg-C3N4) have been systematically synthesized using a three-step solution method for the photocatalytic bacterial decontamination. The mesoporous g-C3N4 nanosheets (mpg-C3N4), which were prepared by the acid treatment, showed a great improvement in photocatalytic performance. The photoluminescence intensity of the mpg-C3N4 nanosheets was disclosed to drop about 60% from the value of normal g-C3N4 nanosheets. Decoration of mpg-C3N4 with palladium (Pd) nanoparticles led to the effective suppression of carrier recombination and the carrier migration to Fe3O4 nanoparticles. It was revealed that the three-component nanocomposites degraded 99.9% of E. coli and 99.8% of S. aureus bacterial strains within 2 h of solar light irradiation at a 100 μg/mL concentration, demonstrating their superb photocatalytic antibacterial activity. In addition, the nanocomposites could be easily separated from the bacterial cells and repeatedly used for photocatalytic bacterial degradation with good recyclability. The strong photon-induced antibacterial activity and good recyclability of the three-component nanocomposites may represent their potential as a promising antibacterial photocatalyst.
Collapse
|
14
|
Lei L. Pd–Schiff base complex supported on Fe
3
O
4
magnetic nanoparticles: A new and highly efficient reusable catalyst for C–C bond formation in water. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- School of Civil EngineeringXuzhou University of Technology Xuzhou 221000 China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Daraie M, Heravi MM, Kazemi SS. Pd@GO/Fe3O4/PAA/DCA: a novel magnetic heterogeneous catalyst for promoting the Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction. J COORD CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2019.1640360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mansoureh Daraie
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid M. Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Aditya T, Jana J, Panda S, Pal A, Pal T. Benzophenone assisted UV-activated synthesis of unique Pd-nanodendrite embedded reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite: a catalyst for C–C coupling reaction and fuel cell. RSC Adv 2019; 9:21329-21343. [PMID: 35521347 PMCID: PMC9066186 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02431j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we report the use of benzophenone (BP) for the synthesis of a palladium (Pd) embedded on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite (Pd/rGO) using a simple aqueous solution and UV irradiation. The simple and facile evolution of thermodynamically unstable branched Pd(0) nanodendrites was achieved by BP photoactivation, circumventing the growth of more stable nanomorphologies. The synthesis of Pd(0)-embedded rGO nanosheets (PRGO-nd) was made possible by the simultaneous reduction of both the GO scaffold and PdCl2 by introducing BP into the photoactivation reaction. The nanocomposites obtained in the absence of BP were common triangular and twinned Pd(0) structures which were also implanted on the rGO scaffold (PRGO-nt). The disparity in morphologies presumably occurs due to the difference in the kinetics of the reduction of Pd2+ to Pd0 in the presence and absence of the BP photoinitiator. It was observed that the PRGO-nd was composed of dense arrays of multiple Pd branches around nucleation site which exhibited (111) facet, whereas PRGO-nt showed a mixture of (100) and (111) facets. On comparing the catalytic efficiencies of the as-synthesized nanocatalysts, we observed a superiority in efficiency of the thermodynamically unstable PRGO-nd nanocomposite. This is due to the evolved active facets of the dendritic Pd(0) morphology with its higher surface area, as testified by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. Since both PRGO-nd and PRGO-nt contain particles of similar size, the dents and grooves in the structure are the cause of the increase in the effective surface area in the case of nanodendrites. The unique dendritic morphology of the PRGO-nd nanostructures makes them a promising material for superior catalysis, due to their high surface area, and the high density of surface atoms at their edges, corners, and stepped regions. We investigated the efficiency of the as-prepared PRGO-nd catalyst in the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction and showed its proficiency in a 2 h reaction at 60 °C using 2 mol% catalyst containing 0.06 mol% active Pd. Moreover, the electrochemical efficiency for the catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was demonstrated, in which PRGO-nd provided a decreased overpotential of 68 mV for a current density of 10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope of 57 mV dec−1 and commendable stability during chronoamperometric testing for 5 h. Benzophenone photoinitiator aided synthesis of Pd-nanodendrite embedded rGO nanocatalyst possessing superior potential in C–C coupling reaction and fuel cell application.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Aditya
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur-721302
- India
| | - Jayasmita Jana
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur-721302
- India
| | - Sonali Panda
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur-721302
- India
| | - Anjali Pal
- Department of Civil Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur-721302
- India
| | - Tarasankar Pal
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur-721302
- India
| |
Collapse
|