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Arthi R, Parameswari E, Dhevagi P, Janaki P, Parimaladevi R. Microbial alchemists: unveiling the hidden potentials of halophilic organisms for soil restoration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33949-9. [PMID: 38877191 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33949-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Salinity, resulting from various contaminants, is a major concern to global crop cultivation. Soil salinity results in increased osmotic stress, oxidative stress, specific ion toxicity, nutrient deficiency in plants, groundwater contamination, and negative impacts on biogeochemical cycles. Leaching, the prevailing remediation method, is expensive, energy-intensive, demands more fresh water, and also causes nutrient loss which leads to infertile cropland and eutrophication of water bodies. Moreover, in soils co-contaminated with persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals, and textile dyes, leaching techniques may not be effective. It promotes the adoption of microbial remediation as an effective and eco-friendly method. Common microbes such as Pseudomonas, Trichoderma, and Bacillus often struggle to survive in high-saline conditions due to osmotic stress, ion imbalance, and protein denaturation. Halophiles, capable of withstanding high-saline conditions, exhibit a remarkable ability to utilize a broad spectrum of organic pollutants as carbon sources and restore the polluted environment. Furthermore, halophiles can enhance plant growth under stress conditions and produce vital bio-enzymes. Halophilic microorganisms can contribute to increasing soil microbial diversity, pollutant degradation, stabilizing soil structure, participating in nutrient dynamics, bio-geochemical cycles, enhancing soil fertility, and crop growth. This review provides an in-depth analysis of pollutant degradation, salt-tolerating mechanisms, and plant-soil-microbe interaction and offers a holistic perspective on their potential for soil restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandran Arthi
- Department of Environmental Science, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Periyasamy Dhevagi
- Department of Environmental Science, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ponnusamy Janaki
- Nammazhvar Organic Farming Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Rathinasamy Parimaladevi
- Department of Bioenergy, Agrl. Engineering College & Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
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Rathod BG, Pandala S, Poosarla VG. A Novel Halo-Acid-Alkali-Tolerant and Surfactant Stable Amylase Secreted from Halophile Bacillus siamensis F2 and Its Application in Waste Valorization by Bioethanol Production and Food Industry. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:4775-4795. [PMID: 37171761 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04559-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular amylase production level by the moderate halophile Bacillus siamensis F2 was optimized, and the enzyme was biochemically characterized. The culture parameters for NaCl, carbon, nitrogen, pH, and temperature were optimized for high titers of amylase production. Growing B. siamensis F2 cultures in Great Salt Lake-2 medium with additions of (in g/L) NaCl (100), starch (30), yeast extract (2), KNO3 (2), and MgSO4 (1) at pH 8, 30 °C resulted in the maximum amylase production (4.2 U/ml). The amylase was active across a wide range of salinities (0 to 30% NaCl), pH (5.0-10.0), and temperatures (20-70 °C) and showed good stability with surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Triton X-100); hence, it was identified as halo-acid-alkali-tolerant and surfactant stable. Temperature, pH, and salinity were optimal for amylase activity at 50 °C, pH 7, and 5% NaCl, respectively. It also generates amylase by utilizing agricultural wastes like sugarcane bagasse, sweet potato peel, and rice husk. Based on the performance of B. siamensis F2 using agricultural wastes and synthesizing amylase, the current study attempted to produce bioethanol by coculturing with baker's yeast using sugarcane bagasse and sweet potato peel as a substrate, which yielded 47 and 57 g/L of bioethanol, respectively. Besides bioethanol production, amylase secreted by F2 was also employed for juice clarification for better yield and clarity and for softening dough to produce better-quality buns. This novel amylase may have many potential applications in waste valorization, biorefinery sectors, and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baliram Gurunath Rathod
- Department of Microbiology and FST (Food Science & Technology), GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530045, India
| | - Srinija Pandala
- Department of Microbiology and FST (Food Science & Technology), GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530045, India
| | - Venkata Giridhar Poosarla
- Department of Microbiology and FST (Food Science & Technology), GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530045, India.
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Harirchi S, Sar T, Ramezani M, Aliyu H, Etemadifar Z, Nojoumi SA, Yazdian F, Awasthi MK, Taherzadeh MJ. Bacillales: From Taxonomy to Biotechnological and Industrial Perspectives. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2355. [PMID: 36557608 PMCID: PMC9781867 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, the genus Bacillus has been known and considered among the most applicable genera in several fields. Recent taxonomical developments resulted in the identification of more species in Bacillus-related genera, particularly in the order Bacillales (earlier heterotypic synonym: Caryophanales), with potential application for biotechnological and industrial purposes such as biofuels, bioactive agents, biopolymers, and enzymes. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the taxonomy, growth requirements and physiology, genomics, and metabolic pathways in the highly diverse bacterial order, Bacillales, will facilitate a more robust designing and sustainable production of strain lines relevant to a circular economy. This paper is focused principally on less-known genera and their potential in the order Bacillales for promising applications in the industry and addresses the taxonomical complexities of this order. Moreover, it emphasizes the biotechnological usage of some engineered strains of the order Bacillales. The elucidation of novel taxa, their metabolic pathways, and growth conditions would make it possible to drive industrial processes toward an upgraded functionality based on the microbial nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharareh Harirchi
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden
| | - Taner Sar
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden
| | - Mohaddaseh Ramezani
- Microorganisms Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Centre (IBRC), Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Habibu Aliyu
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Science II: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Zahra Etemadifar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Nojoumi
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yazdian
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439957131, Iran
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3#, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
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Activity-Based Screening of Soil Samples from Nyingchi, Tibet, for Amylase-Producing Bacteria and Other Multifunctional Enzyme Capacities. Int J Microbiol 2022; 2022:2401766. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/2401766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the interest in Tibetan soil as a promising source of functional enzymes with potential biotechnological applications, few studies have considered the screening and identification of amylase producing bacteria from Tibetan soil. Amylase has many applications in the food and feed industries, textile and biofuel production, and biomedical engineering. The area of amylase with specific properties is attracting growing attention because of its better application to various industrial conditions. This study aims to screen and identify amylase-producing strains from soil samples collected in Nyingchi, Tibet, and then explore whether the bacterial isolates are superior for unique enzymes. In this paper, a total of 127 amylase producing bacteria were isolated by activity-based screening of six Tibetan soil samples. The 16S rRNA gene survey then identified four major phyla, namely, firmicutes, bacteroidetes, proteobacteria, and actinobacteria, which were differentiated into twelve genera with a dominance of Bacillus (67.72%), followed by Pseudomonas (8.66%). Microbial diversity analysis revealed that the amylase-producing bacterial community of the Kadinggou forest soil sample showed the best variety (the Simpson index was 0.69 and the Shannon index was 0.85). The amylase activity assay of the bacterial isolates showed a mean of 0.66 U/mL at 28°C and pH 5.2. Based on the effect of temperatures and pHs on amylase activity, several bacterial isolates can produce thermophilic (50°C), psychrophilic (10°C), acidophilic (pH 4.2), and alkaliphilic (pH 10.2) amylases. Furthermore, four bacterial isolates were screened for amylase, protease, and esterase activities, which indicated multifunctional enzyme capacities. The present study is expected to contribute to our understanding of Tibetan microbial resources and their potential for scientific research and industrial applications.
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Rationally tailoring the halophilicity of an amylolytic enzyme for application in dehydrating conditions. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Miao H, Jiang R, Han N, Ma Y, Wu Q, Mu Y, Huang Z. Enhanced extracellular expression of α-Amylase DL3-4-1 in Bacillus subtilis via systematic screening of optimal signal peptides. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mukherjee A. Purification, characterisation and immobilisation of an acid-stable, raw-starch hydrolysing thiol β-amylase, over produced in the stem of Paederia foetida. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2021.1964484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, India
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Shofiyah SS, Yuliani D, Widya N, Sarian FD, Puspasari F, Radjasa OK, Ihsanawati, Natalia D. Isolation, expression, and characterization of raw starch degrading α-amylase from a marine lake Bacillus megaterium NL3. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05796. [PMID: 33426327 PMCID: PMC7776835 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A land-locked marine lake Kakaban with its significant ecological paramaters provides a unique habitat for bacteria with novel biotechnology potential that uses a diverse array of catalytic agents, including α-amylase. Aiming at the isolation of raw starch degrading α-amylase from marine biodiversity, a gene encoding BmaN2 from a sea anemone associated bacterium Bacillus megaterium NL3 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli ArcticExpress (DE3). It comprises an open reading frame of 1,563 nucleotides encoding BmaN2 of 520 amino acids and belongs to the glycoside hydrolase family 13 subfamily 36 (GH13_36). This α-amylase has a maximum activity at pH 6.0 and 60 °C with a specific activity of 28.7 U mg-1. The BmaN2 activity is enhanced strongly by Ca2+ but inhibited by EDTA. BmaN2 also exhibits high catalytic efficiency on soluble starch with k cat /K M value of 14.1 mL mg-1 s-1. Despite no additional starch-binding domain, BmaN2 is able to hydrolyze various raw starches, such as wheat, corn, cassava, potato, rice, sago, and canna, in which granular wheat is the preferred substrate for BmaN2. These characteristics indicate that BmaN2 is a promising raw starch degrading enzyme within the subfamily GH13_36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofi Siti Shofiyah
- Biochemistry Research Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Marine Science Program Study, Faculty of Marine Science, OSO University, Pontianak, 78113, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Yuliani
- Biochemistry Research Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Nurul Widya
- Biochemistry Research Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Fean D. Sarian
- Biochemistry Research Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Fernita Puspasari
- Biochemistry Research Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Ocky Karna Radjasa
- Center for Tropical Coastal and Marine Studies, Diponegoro University, Widya Puraya, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
- Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Gatot Subroto 10, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ihsanawati
- Biochemistry Research Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Dessy Natalia
- Biochemistry Research Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- University Center of Excellence for Nutraceuticals, Biosciences and Biotechnology Research Center, Bandung, Indonesia
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Biochemical characterization of halophilic, alkalithermophilic amylopullulanase PulD7 and truncated amylopullulanases PulD7ΔN and PulD7ΔC. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:632-638. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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10
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Pasin TM, Benassi VM, Heinen PR, Damasio ARDL, Cereia M, Jorge JA, Polizeli MDLTDM. Purification and functional properties of a novel glucoamylase activated by manganese and lead produced by Aspergillus japonicus. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:779-788. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Microbial Diversity in Extreme Marine Habitats and Their Biomolecules. Microorganisms 2017; 5:microorganisms5020025. [PMID: 28509857 PMCID: PMC5488096 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme marine environments have been the subject of many studies and scientific publications. For many years, these environmental niches, which are characterized by high or low temperatures, high-pressure, low pH, high salt concentrations and also two or more extreme parameters in combination, have been thought to be incompatible to any life forms. Thanks to new technologies such as metagenomics, it is now possible to detect life in most extreme environments. Starting from the discovery of deep sea hydrothermal vents up to the study of marine biodiversity, new microorganisms have been identified, and their potential uses in several applied fields have been outlined. Thermophile, halophile, alkalophile, psychrophile, piezophile and polyextremophile microorganisms have been isolated from these marine environments; they proliferate thanks to adaptation strategies involving diverse cellular metabolic mechanisms. Therefore, a vast number of new biomolecules such as enzymes, polymers and osmolytes from the inhabitant microbial community of the sea have been studied, and there is a growing interest in the potential returns of several industrial production processes concerning the pharmaceutical, medical, environmental and food fields.
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Božić N, Lončar N, Slavić MŠ, Vujčić Z. Raw starch degrading α-amylases: an unsolved riddle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/amylase-2017-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractStarch is an important food ingredient and a substrate for the production of many industrial products. Biological and industrial processes involve hydrolysis of raw starch, such as digestion by humans and animals, starch metabolism in plants, and industrial starch conversion for obtaining glucose, fructose and maltose syrup or bioethanol. Raw starch degrading α-amylases (RSDA) can directly degrade raw starch below the gelatinization temperature of starch. Knowledge of the structures and properties of starch and RSDA has increased significantly in recent years. Understanding the relationships between structural peculiarities and properties of RSDA is a prerequisite for efficient application in different aspects of human benefit from health to the industry. This review summarizes recent advances on RSDA research with emphasizes on representatives of glycoside hydrolase family GH13. Definite understanding of raw starch digesting ability is yet to come with accumulating structural and functional studies of RSDA.
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Kumar S, Arumugam N, Permaul K, Singh S. Chapter 5 Thermostable Enzymes and Their Industrial Applications. Microb Biotechnol 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315367880-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
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Mehta D, Satyanarayana T. Bacterial and Archaeal α-Amylases: Diversity and Amelioration of the Desirable Characteristics for Industrial Applications. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1129. [PMID: 27516755 PMCID: PMC4963412 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrial enzyme market has been projected to reach US$ 6.2 billion by 2020. Major reasons for continuous rise in the global sales of microbial enzymes are because of increase in the demand for consumer goods and biofuels. Among major industrial enzymes that find applications in baking, alcohol, detergent, and textile industries are α-amylases. These are produced by a variety of microbes, which randomly cleave α-1,4-glycosidic linkages in starch leading to the formation of limit dextrins. α-Amylases from different microbial sources vary in their properties, thus, suit specific applications. This review focuses on the native and recombinant α-amylases from bacteria and archaea, their production and the advancements in the molecular biology, protein engineering and structural studies, which aid in ameliorating their properties to suit the targeted industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Mehta
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi New Delhi, India
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Santorelli M, Maurelli L, Pocsfalvi G, Fiume I, Squillaci G, La Cara F, Del Monaco G, Morana A. Isolation and characterisation of a novel alpha-amylase from the extreme haloarchaeon Haloterrigena turkmenica. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 92:174-184. [PMID: 27377461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An extracellular halophilic alpha-amylase (AmyA) was produced by the haloarchaeon Haloterrigena turkmenica grown in medium enriched with 0.2% (w/v) starch. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analyses showed a major band at 66.0kDa and a peak of 54.0kDa, respectively. Analysis of tryptic fragments of the protein present in the major SDS-PAGE band by nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS led to identification of the alpha-amylase catalytic region, encoded by the htur2110 gene, as the protein possessing the described activity. Optimal values for activity were 55°C, pH 8.5 and 2M NaCl, and high thermostability was showed at 55°C and 3M NaCl. AmyA activity was enhanced by Triton X-100 and was not influenced by n-hexane and chloroform. Starch hydrolysis produced different oligomers with maltose as the smallest end-product. The efficiency of AmyA in degrading starch contained in agronomic residues was tested in grape cane chosen as model substrate. Preliminary results showed that starch was degraded making the enzyme a potential candidate for utilization of agro-industrial waste in fuel and chemicals production. AmyA is one of the few investigated amylases produced by haloarchaea, and the first alpha-amylase described among microorganisms belonging to the genus Haloterrigena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Santorelli
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples "Federico II", P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Luisa Maurelli
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pocsfalvi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Fiume
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Squillaci
- Institute of Agro-environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco La Cara
- Institute of Agro-environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Del Monaco
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Morana
- Institute of Agro-environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Halophiles: biology, adaptation, and their role in decontamination of hypersaline environments. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:135. [PMID: 27344438 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The unique cellular enzymatic machinery of halophilic microbes allows them to thrive in extreme saline environments. That these microorganisms can prosper in hypersaline environments has been correlated with the elevated acidic amino acid content in their proteins, which increase the negative protein surface potential. Because these microorganisms effectively use hydrocarbons as their sole carbon and energy sources, they may prove to be valuable bioremediation agents for the treatment of saline effluents and hypersaline waters contaminated with toxic compounds that are resistant to degradation. This review highlights the various strategies adopted by halophiles to compensate for their saline surroundings and includes descriptions of recent studies that have used these microorganisms for bioremediation of environments contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons. The known halotolerant dehalogenase-producing microbes, their dehalogenation mechanisms, and how their proteins are stabilized is also reviewed. In view of their robustness in saline environments, efforts to document their full potential regarding remediation of contaminated hypersaline ecosystems merits further exploration.
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Kumar S, Grewal J, Sadaf A, Hemamalini R, K. Khare S. Halophiles as a source of polyextremophilic α-amylase for industrial applications. AIMS Microbiol 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2016.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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18
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Purification and characterization of a novel and versatile α-amylase from thermophilicAnoxybacillussp. YIM 342. STARCH-STARKE 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201400056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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