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Ndochinwa OG, Wang QY, Amadi OC, Nwagu TN, Nnamchi CI, Okeke ES, Moneke AN. Current status and emerging frontiers in enzyme engineering: An industrial perspective. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32673. [PMID: 38912509 PMCID: PMC11193041 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein engineering mechanisms can be an efficient approach to enhance the biochemical properties of various biocatalysts. Immobilization of biocatalysts and the introduction of new-to-nature chemical reactivities are also possible through the same mechanism. Discovering new protocols that enhance the catalytic active protein that possesses novelty in terms of being stable, active, and, stereoselectivity with functions could be identified as essential areas in terms of concurrent bioorganic chemistry (synergistic relationship between organic chemistry and biochemistry in the context of enzyme engineering). However, with our current level of knowledge about protein folding and its correlation with protein conformation and activities, it is almost impossible to design proteins with specific biological and physical properties. Hence, contemporary protein engineering typically involves reprogramming existing enzymes by mutagenesis to generate new phenotypes with desired properties. These processes ensure that limitations of naturally occurring enzymes are not encountered. For example, researchers have engineered cellulases and hemicellulases to withstand harsh conditions encountered during biomass pretreatment, such as high temperatures and acidic environments. By enhancing the activity and robustness of these enzymes, biofuel production becomes more economically viable and environmentally sustainable. Recent trends in enzyme engineering have enabled the development of tailored biocatalysts for pharmaceutical applications. For instance, researchers have engineered enzymes such as cytochrome P450s and amine oxidases to catalyze challenging reactions involved in drug synthesis. In addition to conventional methods, there has been an increasing application of machine learning techniques to identify patterns in data. These patterns are then used to predict protein structures, enhance enzyme solubility, stability, and function, forecast substrate specificity, and assist in rational protein design. In this review, we discussed recent trends in enzyme engineering to optimize the biochemical properties of various biocatalysts. Using examples relevant to biotechnology in engineering enzymes, we try to expatiate the significance of enzyme engineering with how these methods could be applied to optimize the biochemical properties of a naturally occurring enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obinna Giles Ndochinwa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Qing-Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomass Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Oyetugo Chioma Amadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Tochukwu Nwamaka Nwagu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | | - Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences & Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Anene Nwabu Moneke
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Wang N, Dong J, Li X, Svensson B, Jin Z, Bai Y. N1019D Mutant of Limosilactobacillus reuteri 121 4,6-α-Glucanotransferase GtfB Significantly Improved Catalytic Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6509-6518. [PMID: 38488047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Limosilactobacillus reuteri 121 4,6-α-glucanotransferase GtfB (Lr 121 GtfB), belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 70 (GH70), synthesizes linear isomalto/malto polysaccharides having (α1→6) linkages attached to the nonreducing ends of (α1→4) linked maltose oligosaccharide segments using starch or maltodextrin as a substrate. Since Lr 121 GtfB has low catalytic activity and efficiency, it leads to substrate regeneration and reduced substrate utilization. In this study, we superimposed the crystal structure of Lr 121 GtfB-ΔNΔV with that of L. reuteri NCC 2613 GtfB-ΔNΔV (Lr 2613 GtfB-ΔNΔV) to identify the acceptor binding subsites +1 to +3 and constructed five single-residue mutants and a random mutagenesis of N1019. Compared with the wild-type, N1019D Lr 121 GtfB-ΔN did not alter the product specificity, increased the catalytic activity and efficiency by 420 and 590%, respectively, and maintained >80% relative activity in the pH 3.5-6.5 interval. The findings will contribute to the industrial application of Lr 121 GtfB and provide new solutions for starch synthesis of higher value derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingjing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Birte Svensson
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yuxiang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Rabadiya K, Pardhi D, Thaker K, Patoliya J, Rajput K, Joshi R. A review on recent upgradation and strategies to enhance cyclodextrin glucanotransferase properties for its applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129315. [PMID: 38211906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) is a significant extracellular enzyme with diverse functions. CGTase is widely used in production of cyclic α-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides (cyclodextrins) from starch via transglycosylation reaction. Recent discoveries of novel CGTases from different microorganisms have expanded its applications but natural CGTase have lower yield, leading to heterologous expression for increased production to meet various needs. Moreover, significant advancements in directed evolution approach have been explored to alter the molecular structure of CGTase to enhance its performance. This review comprehensively summarizes the strategies employed in heterologous expression to boost CGTase production and secretion in various host. It also outlines molecular engineering approaches aimed to improving CGTase properties, including product and substrate specificity, catalytic efficiency, and thermal stability. Additionally, a considerable stability against changes in temperature and organic solvents can be obtained by immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu Rabadiya
- Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India.
| | - Dimple Pardhi
- Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India.
| | - Khushali Thaker
- Department of Biochemistry & Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India.
| | - Jaimini Patoliya
- Department of Biochemistry & Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India.
| | - Kiransinh Rajput
- Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India.
| | - Rushikesh Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry & Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India.
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Chatterjee A, Puri S, Sharma PK, Deepa PR, Chowdhury S. Nature-inspired Enzyme engineering and sustainable catalysis: biochemical clues from the world of plants and extremophiles. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1229300. [PMID: 37409164 PMCID: PMC10318364 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1229300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of enzymes to accelerate chemical reactions for the synthesis of industrially important products is rapidly gaining popularity. Biocatalysis is an environment-friendly approach as it not only uses non-toxic, biodegradable, and renewable raw materials but also helps to reduce waste generation. In this context, enzymes from organisms living in extreme conditions (extremozymes) have been studied extensively and used in industries (food and pharmaceutical), agriculture, and molecular biology, as they are adapted to catalyze reactions withstanding harsh environmental conditions. Enzyme engineering plays a key role in integrating the structure-function insights from reference enzymes and their utilization for developing improvised catalysts. It helps to transform the enzymes to enhance their activity, stability, substrates-specificity, and substrate-versatility by suitably modifying enzyme structure, thereby creating new variants of the enzyme with improved physical and chemical properties. Here, we have illustrated the relatively less-tapped potentials of plant enzymes in general and their sub-class of extremozymes for industrial applications. Plants are exposed to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses due to their sessile nature, for which they have developed various mechanisms, including the production of stress-response enzymes. While extremozymes from microorganisms have been extensively studied, there are clear indications that plants and algae also produce extremophilic enzymes as their survival strategy, which may find industrial applications. Typical plant enzymes, such as ascorbate peroxidase, papain, carbonic anhydrase, glycoside hydrolases and others have been examined in this review with respect to their stress-tolerant features and further improvement via enzyme engineering. Some rare instances of plant-derived enzymes that point to greater exploration for industrial use have also been presented here. The overall implication is to utilize biochemical clues from the plant-based enzymes for robust, efficient, and substrate/reaction conditions-versatile scaffolds or reference leads for enzyme engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - P. R. Deepa
- *Correspondence: P. R. Deepa, ; Shibasish Chowdhury,
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Chen S, Li Z, Gu Z, Ban X, Hong Y, Cheng L, Li C. Immobilization of β-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase on gelatin enhances β-cyclodextrin production. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chen Q, Liu X, Hu Y, Wang Y, Sun B, Chen T, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Li M, Liu Z, Wang X, Tang H. Broaden the sugar donor selectivity of blackberry glycosyltransferase UGT78H2 through residual substitutions. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:277-287. [PMID: 33129904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylated secondary metabolites constitute a large proportion of nutrients or ingredients in consumed plants and related products. The glycosyl decoration largely depends on the activity of plant UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Mechanisms underlying the substrate selectivity and specificity of these reactions remain elusive. Here we report the cloning and functional characterization of a UGT, UGT78H2 in blackberry fruits. In vitro enzyme substrate specificity analysis and enzymatic kinetics evidenced that UGT78H2 glycosylate exclusively quercetin using uridine-5' diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDP-glucuronic acid) and uridine-5' diphosphate galactose (UDP-galactose). Site-directed mutagenesis was introduced into two residuals (N340P, K360N) previously unexplored. The mutation enhanced the protein catalyzing efficiency, especially toward UDP-galactose (23% higher), and expanded the sugar donor selectivity, which can use UDP-glucose as well. Molecular modeling and biochemical analysis results enable identification of the 23rd residue (360th in UGT78H2) of the PSPG (plant secondary product glycosyltransferase) motif as a key residue in defining this sugar selecting spectrum. Additionally, promoter of UGT78H2 was obtained. Transgenic analysis using the UGT78H2pro::GUS reporter system demonstrated that transcripts controlled by the promoter predominantly expressed in younger tissues. Subcellular localization study revealed that UGT78H2 was a soluble protein in the nucleus and cytoplasm. These results clarified the bio-function of UGT78H2 and provided a valid approach for substrate selectivity modification in horticultural plants, particularly for sugar donor selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, China.
| | - Xunju Liu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, China.
| | - Yueyang Hu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, China.
| | - Bo Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, China.
| | - Tao Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - Ya Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, China.
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, China.
| | - Zejing Liu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, China.
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, China.
| | - Haoru Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, China; Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, China.
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Li Z, Zhu R, Liu Y, Li J, Gao H, Hu N. γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens: transpeptidation activity enhancement and L-theanine production. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 140:109644. [PMID: 32912696 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
L-theanine, a unique amino acid in green tea with health benefits, can be enzymatically synthesized by γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (γ-GT; EC 2.3.2.2). Here, a salt-tolerant γ-glutamyltranspeptidase from a marine bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was expressed in Escherichia. coli BL21 (DE3) and was shown to be optimally active at 55 °C, pH 8.5 and alkali stable. A mutant, with higher transpeptidation activity, was obtained following two rounds of directed evolution using error-prone PCR and site-saturation mutagenesis. The mutation increased the ratio of transpeptidation to hydrolysis from 1.6 to 35.6. Additionally, Kinetic analysis exhibited 17.5% decrease of Km, 13.0-fold increase of Kcat, and 16.3-fold increase of Kcat/Km in mutant V319A/S437 G versus the wild-type. The 3-D modelling analysis revealed a tighter binding pocket in mutant V319A/S437 G. The frequency of hydrogen bond between donor substrate and two residues in the catalytic pocket (Gly437 and Thr375) was enhanced, which stabilized the ligand binding and thus improved the catalytic efficiency. The optimal conditions for the biocatalytic synthesis were determined as pH 10.0, 20 μg mL-1BaGT, 200 mM L-glutamine, 2 M ethylamine, and a reaction time of 5 h. The V319A/S437 G mutant was shown to increase the percentage yield of L-theanine from 58% to 83%. These results indicate the great potential of V319A/S437 G in L-theanine production after further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelong Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China.
| | - Runtao Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China.
| | - Yongqi Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China.
| | - Jiaqi Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China.
| | - Haofeng Gao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China.
| | - Nan Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China.
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Li Z, Feng Y, Li Z, Gu Z, Chen S, Hong Y, Cheng L, Li C. Inclusion of tributyrin during enzymatic synthesis of cyclodextrins by β-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus circulans. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Discovery and Characterization of a Novel Method for Effective Improvement of Cyclodextrin Yield and Product Specificity. Chem Res Chin Univ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-019-8406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Castillo J, Caminata Landriel S, Sánchez Costa M, Taboga OA, Berenguer J, Hidalgo A, Ferrarotti SA, Costa H. A single mutation in cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Paenibacillus barengoltzii changes cyclodextrin and maltooligosaccharides production. Protein Eng Des Sel 2019; 31:399-407. [PMID: 30690526 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzy034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases (CGTases) are bacterial enzymes that catalyze starch conversion into cyclodextrins, which have several biotechnological applications including solubilization of hydrophobic compounds, masking of unpleasant odors and flavors in pharmaceutical preparations, and removal of cholesterol from food. Additionally, CGTases produce maltooligosaccharides, which are linear molecules with potential benefits for human health. Current research efforts are concentrated in the development of engineered enzymes with improved yield and/or particular product specificity. In this work, we analyzed the role of four residues of the CGTase from Paenibacillus barengoltzii as determinants of product specificity. Single mutations were introduced in the CGTase-encoding gene to obtain mutants A137V, A144V, L280A and M329I and the activity of recombinant proteins was evaluated. The residue at position 137 proved to be relevant for CGTase activity. Molecular dynamics studies demonstrated additionally that mutation A137V produces a perturbation in the catalytic site of the CGTase, which correlates with a 10-fold reduction in its catalytic efficiency. Moreover, this mutant showed increased production of maltooligosaccharides with a high degree of polymerization, mostly maltopentaose to maltoheptaose. Our results highlight the role of residue 137 as a determinant of product specificity in this CGTase and may be applied to the rational design of saccharide-producing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- JdlM Castillo
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Ruta 5 y Avenida Constitución, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Caminata Landriel
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Ruta 5 y Avenida Constitución, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Sánchez Costa
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, (CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, Madrid, Spain
| | - O A Taboga
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, De los Reseros y N. Repetto s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Berenguer
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, (CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Hidalgo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, (CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, Madrid, Spain
| | - S A Ferrarotti
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Ruta 5 y Avenida Constitución, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H Costa
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Ruta 5 y Avenida Constitución, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,INEDES-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Ruta 5 y Avenida Constitución, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Chen S, Li Z, Gu Z, Hong Y, Cheng L, Holler TP, Li C. Leu600 mutations decrease product inhibition of the β-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus circulans STB01. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:1194-1201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Li Y, Yang H, Xu F. Identifying and engineering a critical amino acid residue to enhance the catalytic efficiency of Pseudomonas sp. methyl parathion hydrolase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6537-6545. [PMID: 29948121 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Methyl parathion hydrolase (MPH) that hydrolyzes a wide range of organophosphorus pesticides can be used to remediate land polluted by the pesticides. Here, the catalytic efficiency of methyl parathion hydrolase from Pseudomonas sp. (WBC-3) was enhanced by searching and engineering a critical site far away from the binding pocket. In the first round, a four-site mutant with a modest increased catalytic efficiency (3.2-fold kcat/Km value of the wild type) was obtained with random mutagenesis. By splitting and re-combining the four substitutions in the mutant, the critical site S277, was identified to show the most significant effects of improving binding affinity and catalytic efficiency. With further site-saturation mutagenesis focused on the residue S277, another two substitutions were discovered to have even more significant decrease in Km (40.2 and 47.6 μM) and increased in kcat/Km values (9.5- and 10.3-fold of the wild type) compared to the original four-site mutant (3.0- and 3.2-fold). In the three-dimensional structure, residue S277 is located at a hinge region of a loop, which could act as a "lid" at the substrate entering to the binding pocket. This suggests that substitutions of residue S277 could affect substrate binding via conformational change in substrate entrance region. This work provides a valuable protocol combining random mutagenesis, site-saturation mutagenesis, structural and bioinformatics analyses to obtain mutants with high catalytic efficiency from a screening library of a modest size (3200 strains).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Haiquan Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Li Y, Wei L, Zhu Z, Li S, Wang JW, Xin Q, Wang H, Lu F, Qin HM. Rational design to change product specificities and thermostability of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Paenibacillus sp. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00245a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional modification of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTases) for better product specificity and thermostability is of great importance for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin
- China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology
| | - Likun Wei
- College of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- China
| | - Zhangliang Zhu
- College of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- China
| | - Songtao Li
- College of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- China
| | - Jian-Wen Wang
- College of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- China
| | - Qinglong Xin
- College of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin
- China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin
- China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology
| | - Hui-Min Qin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin
- China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology
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