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Khatua R, Bhar B, Dey S, Jaiswal C, J V, Mandal BB. Advances in engineered nanosystems: immunomodulatory interactions for therapeutic applications. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:12820-12856. [PMID: 38888201 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00680a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology have led to significant progress in the design and fabrication of nanoparticles (NPs) with improved therapeutic properties. NPs have been explored for modulating the immune system, serving as carriers for drug delivery or vaccine adjuvants, or acting as therapeutics themselves against a wide range of deadly diseases. The combination of NPs with immune system-targeting moieties has facilitated the development of improved targeted immune therapies. Targeted delivery of therapeutic agents using NPs specifically to the disease-affected cells, distinguishing them from other host cells, offers the major advantage of concentrating the therapeutic effect and reducing systemic side effects. Furthermore, the properties of NPs, including size, shape, surface charge, and surface modifications, influence their interactions with the targeted biological components. This review aims to provide insights into these diverse emerging and innovative approaches that are being developed and utilized for modulating the immune system using NPs. We reviewed various types of NPs composed of different materials and their specific application for modulating the immune system. Furthermore, we focused on the mechanistic effects of these therapeutic NPs on primary immune components, including T cells, B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and complement systems. Additionally, a recent overview of clinically approved immunomodulatory nanomedicines and potential future perspectives, offering new paradigms of this field, is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupam Khatua
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Bibrita Bhar
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Souradeep Dey
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India
| | - Chitra Jaiswal
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Victoria J
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India.
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India
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Iqbal S, Zaman M, Waqar MA, Sarwar HS, Jamshaid M. Vesicular approach of cubosomes, its components, preparation techniques, evaluation and their appraisal for targeting cancer cells. J Liposome Res 2024; 34:368-384. [PMID: 37873797 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2023.2272643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has been characterized by abnormal and uncontrolled proliferation of cells. Majority of drugs given through chemotherapy produce unwanted and adverse effects of chemotherapeutic agents to the other healthy cells and tissues of body. Various nanocarriers have now been considered for treatment of cancer. Among various nanocarriers, cubosomes are the nano sized dispersions that have drawn interest of researchers recently. Cubosomes are defined as dispersions of colloidal nature containing cubic crystalline liquid formations in aqueous medium in presence of suitable surfactant molecules. The unique capacity to encapsulate lipophilic, hydrophilic, and amphiphilic compounds inside their structure distinguishes them among others. Top- down method and hydrotrope method are most often employed methods for cubosomes preparation. Cubosomes can be characterized by Polarized light microscopy Photon correlation spectroscopy X-ray scattering (SAXS), Transmission electron microscopy and various stability studies. Cubic lipid nanoparticles have a very stable cubic structure that enables slower dissociation rate, increased retention and site-specific delivery of drugs. Cubosomes containing extracts of cornelian cherry for boosting anti-cancerous effects in cancer of colorectal cells by preventing against GIT destruction. When applied for skin cancer, cubosomes have shown to be having enhanced permeation of the drug. In liver cancer, increased bioavailability of drug was observed via cubosomes. This current review elaborates the advancement of cubosomes and their effective role in the treatment of cancer. This review aims to describe vesicular approach of cubosomes, its composition and method of preparation, characterization tests as well as elaborates various applications of cubosomes in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehrish Iqbal
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zaman
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Waqar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Shoaib Sarwar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jamshaid
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Lei YY, Ye YH, Liu Y, Xu JL, Zhang CL, Lyu CM, Feng CG, Jiang Y, Yang Y, Ke Y. Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides improve cyclophosphamide-induced adverse reactions by regulating the balance of cytokines in helper T cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130736. [PMID: 38479672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The manuscript aimed to study the immune function maintenance effect of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides (ABPs). The mice were divided into the control group, cyclophosphamide-induced (CTX) group, and ABPs-treated (ABP) group. The results showed that, compared with the CTX group, ABPs could significantly improve the spleen index and alleviate the pathological changes in immune organs. Ex vivo study of whole spleen cells, the levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were increased. The proliferation of lymphocytes and the proportion of CD3+CD4+ Th cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were increased. The transcription of GATA-3, Foxp3, and ROR γ t were decreased, while the transcription of T-bet was increased. The transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) caused by ABPs-treated were mostly downregulated in CTX-induced mice. The Th2-related genes were significantly enriched in DEGs, with representative genes, including Il4, II13, Il9, etc., while increasing the expression of immune effector genes simultaneously, including Ccl3, Ccr5, and Il12rb2. It was suggested that ABPs possibly regulated the balance of cytokines in helper T cells to ameliorate the immune function of CTX-induced mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Lei
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Experiment Center, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yu-Han Ye
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Experiment Center, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Experiment Center, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jia-Ling Xu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Experiment Center, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Zhang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Experiment Center, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chun-Ming Lyu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Experiment Center, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chen-Guo Feng
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, 200032, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Experiment Center, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yan Ke
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Experiment Center, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Zaki RM, Alkharashi LA, Sarhan OM, Almurshedi AS, Aldosari BN, Said M. Box Behnken optimization of cubosomes for enhancing the anticancer activity of metformin: Design, characterization, and in-vitro cell proliferation assay on MDA-MB-231 breast and LOVO colon cancer cell lines. Int J Pharm X 2023; 6:100208. [PMID: 37680878 PMCID: PMC10480553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to formulate and statistically optimize cubosomal formulations of metformin (MTF) to enhance its breast anticancer activity. A Box Behnken design was employed using Design-Expert® software. The formulation variables were glyceryl monooleate concentration (GMO) w/w%, Pluronic F-127 concentration (PF127) w/w% and Tween 80 concentration w/w% whereas Entrapment efficiency (EE%), Vesicles' size (VS) and Zeta potential (ZP) were set as the dependent responses. The design expert software was used to perform the process of optimization numerically. X ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), in-vitro release study, short-term stability study, and in in-vitro cell proliferation assay on the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer and LOVO cancer cell lines were used to validate the optimized cubosomal formulation. The optimized formulation had a composition of 4.35616 (w/w%) GMO, 5 (w/w%) PF127 and 7.444E-6 (w/w%) Tween 80 with a desirability of 0.733. The predicted values for EE%, VS and ZP were 78.0592%, 307.273 nm and - 26.8275 mV, respectively. The validation process carried out on the optimized formula revealed that there were less than a 5% variance from the predicted responses. The XRD thermograms showed that MTF was encapsulated inside the cubosomal vesicles. TEM images of the optimized MTF cubosomal formulation showed spherical non-aggregated nanovesicles. Moreover, it revealed a sustained release profile of MTF in comparison to the MTF solution. Stability studies indicated that optimum cubosomal formulation was stable for thirty days. Cytotoxicity of the optimized cubosomal formulation was enhanced on the MDA-MB-231 breast and LOVO cancer cell lines compared to MTF solution even at lower concentrations. However, it showed superior cytotoxic effect on breast cancer cell line. So, cubosomes could be considered a promising carrier of MTF to treat breast and colon cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randa Mohammed Zaki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62514, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Layla A. Alkharashi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omnia M. Sarhan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alanood S. Almurshedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basmah Nasser Aldosari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mayada Said
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, P.O. Box 11562, Cairo, Egypt
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Singh S, Singh G, Attri S, Kaur P, Rashid F, Bedi N, Haque S, Janahi EM, Arora S. Development and optimization of nanoparticles loaded with erucin, a dietary isothiocyanate isolated from Eruca sativa: Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities in ehrlich-ascites carcinoma cell line. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1080977. [PMID: 36761468 PMCID: PMC9905727 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1080977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The study on Erucin (ER) has gained interest of nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries because of its anti-cancer properties. Erucin is an isothiocyanate obtained from the seeds of Eruca sativa which possess certain drawbacks such as poor aqueous solubility and bioavailability. Therefore, the present study aimed at developing ER-cubosomes (CUB) by solvent evaporation technique followed by applying Central Composite Design to optimize ER loaded cubosomes. For this purpose, independent variables selected were Monoolein (MO) as lipid and Pluronic-84 (P-84) as a stabilizer whereas dependent variables were particle size, percentage of ER loading and percentage of its entrapment efficiency. The cubosomal nanocarriers exhibited particle size in the range of 26 nm, entrapment efficiency of 99.12 ± 0.04% and drug loading of 3.96 ± 0.0001%. Furthermore, to investigate the antioxidant potential, we checked the effect of ER and ER-CUB by DNA nicking assay, DDPH assay and Phosphomolybdate assay, and results showed significant improvement in antioxidant potential for ER-CUB than ER. Similarly, ER-CUB showed enhanced anticancer activity with a marked reduction in IC50 value than ER in MTT assay. These results suggested that ER-CUB produced notable escalation in antioxidant potential and enhanced anticancer activity than ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharabjit Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Gurdeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Shivani Attri
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Prabhjot Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Farhana Rashid
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Neena Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Janzan, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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Kumari S, Goyal A, Sönmez Gürer E, Algın Yapar E, Garg M, Sood M, Sindhu RK. Bioactive Loaded Novel Nano-Formulations for Targeted Drug Delivery and Their Therapeutic Potential. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051091. [PMID: 35631677 PMCID: PMC9146286 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based medicines have received a lot of attention in recent years. Such medicines have been employed to treat medical conditions since ancient times, and in those times only the observed symptoms were used to determine dose accuracy, dose efficacy, and therapy. Rather than novel formulations, the current research work on plant-based medicines has mostly concentrated on medicinal active phytoconstituents. In the past recent decades, however, researchers have made significant progress in developing "new drug delivery systems" (NDDS) to enhance therapeutic efficacy and reduce unwanted effects of bioactive compounds. Nanocapsules, polymer micelles, liposomes, nanogels, phytosomes, nano-emulsions, transferosomes, microspheres, ethosomes, injectable hydrogels, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and other innovative therapeutic formulations have all been created using bioactive compounds and plant extracts. The novel formulations can improve solubility, therapeutic efficacy, bioavailability, stability, tissue distribution, protection from physical and chemical damage, and prolonged and targeted administration, to name a few. The current study summarizes existing research and the development of new formulations, with a focus on herbal bioactive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Kumari
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (S.K.); (A.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Anju Goyal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (S.K.); (A.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Eda Sönmez Gürer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey; (E.S.G.); (E.A.Y.)
| | - Evren Algın Yapar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey; (E.S.G.); (E.A.Y.)
| | - Madhukar Garg
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (S.K.); (A.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Meenakshi Sood
- Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India;
| | - Rakesh K. Sindhu
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (S.K.); (A.G.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence:
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A review on plant polysaccharide based on drug delivery system for construction and application, with emphasis on traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 211:711-728. [PMID: 35588976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate polymers with unique chemical composition, molecular weight and functional chemical groups show multiple potentials in drug delivery. Most carbohydrate polymers such as plant polysaccharides exhibit advantages of biodegradability, ease of modification, low immunogenicity and low toxicity. They can be conjugated, cross-linked or functionally modified, and then used as nanocarrier materials. Polysaccharide drug delivery system can avoid the phagocytosis of the reticuloendothelial system, prevent the degradation of biomolecules, and increase the bioavailability of small molecules, thus exerting effective therapeutic effects. Therefore, they have been fully explored. In this paper, we reviewed the construction methods of drug delivery systems based on carbohydrate polymers (astragalus polysaccharide, angelica polysaccharide, lycium barbarum polysaccharide, ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, bletilla polysaccharide, glycyrrhiza polysaccharide, and epimedium polysaccharides, etc). The application of polysaccharide drug delivery systems to deliver small molecule chemotherapeutic drugs, gene drugs, and metal ion drugs was also briefly introduced. At the same time, the role of the polysaccharide drug delivery system in tumor treatment, targeted therapy, and wound healing was discussed. In addition, the research of polysaccharide delivery systems based on the therapeutic efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine was also summarized and prospected.
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Safta DA, Bogdan C, Moldovan ML. Vesicular Nanocarriers for Phytocompounds in Wound Care: Preparation and Characterization. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050991. [PMID: 35631577 PMCID: PMC9147886 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The need to develop wound healing preparations is a pressing challenge given the limitations of the current treatment and the rising prevalence of impaired healing wounds. Although herbal extracts have been used for many years to treat skin disorders, due to their wound healing, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects, their efficacy can be questionable because of their poor bioavailability and stability issues. Nanotechnology offers an opportunity to revolutionize wound healing therapies by including herbal compounds in nanosystems. Particularly, vesicular nanosystems exhibit beneficial properties, such as biocompatibility, targeted and sustained delivery capacity, and increased phytocompounds’ bioavailability and protection, conferring them a great potential for future applications in wound care. This review summarizes the beneficial effects of phytocompounds in wound healing and emphasizes the advantages of their entrapment in vesicular nanosystems. Different types of lipid nanocarriers are presented (liposomes, niosomes, transferosomes, ethosomes, cubosomes, and their derivates’ systems), highlighting their applications as carriers for phytocompounds in wound care, with the presentation of the state-of-art in this field. The methods of preparation, characterization, and evaluation are also described, underlining the properties that ensure good in vitro and in vivo performance. Finally, future directions of topical systems in which vesicle-bearing herbal extracts or phytocompounds can be incorporated are pointed out, as their development is emerging as a promising strategy.
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Yang K, Song H, Shi X, Ru J, Tan S, Teng Z, Dong H, Guo H, Wei F, Sun S. Preparation of a Polysaccharide Adjuvant and its Application in the Production of a Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus-Like Particles Vaccine. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wan X, Yin Y, Zhou C, Hou L, Cui Q, Zhang X, Cai X, Wang Y, Wang L, Tian J. Polysaccharides derived from Chinese medicinal herbs: A promising choice of vaccine adjuvants. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 276:118739. [PMID: 34823775 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants have been used in vaccines for a long time to promote the body's immune response, reducing vaccine dosage and production costs. Although many vaccine adjuvants are developed, the use in human vaccines is limited because of either limited action or side effects. Therefore, the development of new vaccine adjuvants is required. Many studies have found that natural polysaccharides derived from Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) possess good immune promoting effects and simultaneously improve humoral, cellular and mucosal immunity. Recently polysaccharide adjuvants have attracted much attention in vaccine preparation because of their intrinsic characteristics: immunomodulation, biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity and safety. This review article systematically analysed the literature on polysaccharides possessing vaccine adjuvant activity from TCM plants, such as Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide (RGP), Isatis indigotica root polysaccharides (IRPS), etc. and their derivatives. We believe that polysaccharide adjuvants can be used to prepare the vaccines for clinical use provided their mechanisms of action are studied in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhuan Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yiming Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Changzheng Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao 266041, China
| | - Qinghua Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao 266041, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao 266041, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lizhu Wang
- The First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Jingzhen Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao 266041, China.
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Wei D, Yang H, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Wang J, Wu X, Chang J. Nano-Traditional Chinese Medicine: a promising strategy and its recent advances. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:2973-2994. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00225f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has been applied to the prevention and treatment of numerous diseases and has an irreplaceable role of rehabilitation and health care. However, the application of TCM is...
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Abourehab MA, Ansari MJ, Singh A, Hassan A, Abdelgawad MA, Shrivastav P, Abualsoud BM, Amaral LS, Pramanik S. Cubosomes as an emerging platform for drug delivery: a state-of-the-art review. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:2781-2819. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00031h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-based drug delivery nanoparticles, including non-lamellar type, mesophasic nanostructured materials of lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs), have been a topic of interest for researchers for their applications in encapsulation of drugs...
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13
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Fan S, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Chen X. Achyranthes bidentata Polysaccharide Activates Nuclear Factor-Kappa B and Promotes Cytokine Production in J774A.1 Cells Through TLR4/MyD88 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:753599. [PMID: 34658894 PMCID: PMC8517515 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.753599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Achyranthes bidentata Blume, a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely acknowledged for its function of invigorating the liver and kidneys and as a stranguria-relieving diuretic and used in the treatment of edema, gonorrhea, and other diseases. Polysaccharide (ABPS), isolated from Achyranthes bidentata Blume, has been demonstrated to have multiple biological activities including immunomodulatory effects. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of ABPS have not been fully investigated. The present study is conducted to explore the underlying mechanism of immunomodulatory activities of ABPS. Results showed that ABPS significantly increased the secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α in J744 A.1 cells. Nitric oxide (NO) also significantly increased after ABPS treatment. The special antibodies (Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antibody and CD14/TLR4 antibody) significantly decreased the activation, while the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) antibody could not abolish this activation. Meanwhile, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a specific inhibitor of NF-κB, remarkably inhibited the secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α induced by ABPS in J744 A.1 cells. Western blotting (WB) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) showed that ABPS promoted NF-κB translocation into the nucleus. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression of TLR4 and MyD88 were significantly increased after ABPS treatment. Taken together, these findings suggested that the immunomodulatory mechanism of ABPS was associated with the secretion of cytokines by stimulating the NF-κB pathway through TLR4/MyD88 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sairong Fan
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanxing Wang
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yamin Wu
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Alhazmi HA, Najmi A, Javed SA, Sultana S, Al Bratty M, Makeen HA, Meraya AM, Ahsan W, Mohan S, Taha MME, Khalid A. Medicinal Plants and Isolated Molecules Demonstrating Immunomodulation Activity as Potential Alternative Therapies for Viral Diseases Including COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021; 12:637553. [PMID: 34054806 PMCID: PMC8155592 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.637553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have been extensively studied since ancient times and numerous important chemical constituents with tremendous therapeutic potential are identified. Attacks of microorganisms including viruses and bacteria can be counteracted with an efficient immune system and therefore, stimulation of body's defense mechanism against infections has been proven to be an effective approach. Polysaccharides, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, and lactones are the important phytochemicals, reported to be primarily responsible for immunomodulation activity of the plants. These phytochemicals may act as lead molecules for the development of safe and effective immunomodulators as potential remedies for the prevention and cure of viral diseases. Natural products are known to primarily modulate the immune system in nonspecific ways. A number of plant-based principles have been identified and isolated with potential immunomodulation activity which justify their use in traditional folklore medicine and can form the basis of further specified research. The aim of the current review is to describe and highlight the immunomodulation potential of certain plants along with their bioactive chemical constituents. Relevant literatures of recent years were searched from commonly employed scientific databases on the basis of their ethnopharmacological use. Most of the plants displaying considerable immunomodulation activity are summarized along with their possible mechanisms. These discussions shall hopefully elicit the attention of researchers and encourage further studies on these plant-based immunomodulation products as potential therapy for the management of infectious diseases, including viral ones such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A. Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadique A. Javed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahnaz Sultana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al Bratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz A. Makeen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M. Meraya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waquar Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal M. E. Taha
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Qiu T, Gu P, Wusiman A, Ni H, Xu S, Zhang Y, Zhu T, He J, Liu Z, Hu Y, Liu J, Wang D. Immunoenhancement effects of chitosan-modified ginseng stem-leaf saponins-encapsulated cubosomes as an ajuvant. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 204:111799. [PMID: 33971614 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle delivery of functional molecules and vaccine is a promising method for enhancing the immune response. The objective of this study was to design chitosan (CS)-modified ginseng stem-leaf saponins (GSLS)-encapsulated cubosomes (Cub-GSLSCS) as a vaccine delivery system and explore its immunologic activity and adjuvanticity. In this study, CS-modified GSLS-encapsulated cubosomes (Cub-GSLSCS) were prepared. The storage stability of GSLS and that of ovalbumin (OVA) were measured. Additionally, the immunopotentiation of Cub-GSLSCS were assessed on potentiating macrophage in vitro, and the adjuvant activity was evaluated through immune response triggered by OVA model antigen. The encapsulation efficiency of optimized Cub-GSLSCS was about 65 % with Im3m nanostructure. The Cub-GSLSCS showed excellent stability and sustained release for up to 28 days. In vitro, Cub-GSLSCS nanoparticles improved cellular uptake, stimulated cytokines secretion of IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, and generated more inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) to produce higher levels of nitric oxide (NO) compared with other groups. Furthermore, the immunoadjuvant effects of OVA encapsulated Cub-GSLSCS nanoparticles (Cub-GSLSCS-OVA) were observed through immunized mice. Results showed that the ratio of CD4+/CD8 + T lymphocytes was increased in Cub-GSLSCS-OVA group. In addition, Cub-GSLSCS-OVA nanoparticles induced dramatically high OVA-specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a levels and stimulated the secretion of cytokines. Cub-GSLSCS may be a potential vaccine delivery system and induce a long-term sustained immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Qiu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Pengfei Gu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Adelijiang Wusiman
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Haiyu Ni
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Shuwen Xu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Tianyu Zhu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Jin He
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Zhenguang Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yuanliang Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Jiaguo Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Deyun Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
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16
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Zheng Y, Xie Q, Wang H, Hu Y, Ren B, Li X. Recent advances in plant polysaccharide-mediated nano drug delivery systems. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:2668-2683. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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17
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Rahman HS, Othman HH, Hammadi NI, Yeap SK, Amin KM, Abdul Samad N, Alitheen NB. Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Loading of Natural Plant Extracts and Their Biomedical Applications. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:2439-2483. [PMID: 32346289 PMCID: PMC7169473 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s227805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many types of research have distinctly addressed the efficacy of natural plant metabolites used for human consumption both in cell culture and preclinical animal model systems. However, these in vitro and in vivo effects have not been able to be translated for clinical use because of several factors such as inefficient systemic delivery and bioavailability of promising agents that significantly contribute to this disconnection. Over the past decades, extraordinary advances have been made successfully on the development of novel drug delivery systems for encapsulation of plant active metabolites including organic, inorganic and hybrid nanoparticles. The advanced formulas are confirmed to have extraordinary benefits over conventional and previously used systems in the manner of solubility, bioavailability, toxicity, pharmacological activity, stability, distribution, sustained delivery, and both physical and chemical degradation. The current review highlights the development of novel nanocarrier for plant active compounds, their method of preparation, type of active ingredients, and their biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah46001, Republic of Iraq
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Republic of Iraq
| | - Hemn Hassan Othman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah46001, Republic of Iraq
| | - Nahidah Ibrahim Hammadi
- Department of Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Anbar, Ramadi, Republic of Iraq
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
| | - Kawa Mohammad Amin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah46001, Republic of Iraq
| | - Nozlena Abdul Samad
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Institut Perubatan dan Pergigian Termaju (IPPT), Sains@BERTAM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Bio-Molecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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18
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Non-Lamellar Liquid Crystalline Nanocarriers for Thymoquinone Encapsulation. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010016. [PMID: 31861549 PMCID: PMC6982919 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to their unique structural features, non-lamellar liquid crystalline nanoparticles comprising cubosomes and hexosomes are attracting increasing attention as versatile investigative drug carriers. Background: Depending on their physiochemical characteristics, drug molecules on entrapment can modulate and reorganize structural features of cubosomes and hexosomes. Therefore, it is important to assess the effect of guest molecules on broader biophysical characteristics of non-lamellar liquid crystalline nanoparticles, since drug-induced architectural, morphological, and size modifications can affect the biological performance of cubosomes and hexosomes. Methods: We report on alterations in morphological, structural, and size characteristics of nanodispersions composed from binary mixtures of glycerol monooleate and vitamin E on thymoquinone (a molecule with wide therapeutic potentials) loading. Results: Thymoquinone loading was associated with a slight increase in the mean hydrodynamic nanoparticle size and led to structural transitions from an internal biphasic feature of coexisting inverse cubic Fd3m and hexagonal (H2) phases to an internal inverse cubic Fd3m phase (micellar cubosomes) or an internal inverse micellar (L2) phase (emulsified microemulsions, EMEs). We further report on the presence of “flower-like” vesicular populations in both native and drug-loaded nanodispersions. Conclusions: These nanodispersions have the potential to accommodate thymoquinone and may be considered as promising platforms for the development of thymoquinone nanomedicines.
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19
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Ni H, Xu S, Gu P, wusiman A, Zhang Y, Qiu T, Liu Z, Ni H, Hu Y, Liu J, Wu Y, Wang D. Optimization of preparation conditions for CTAB-modified Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide cubosomes using the response surface methodology and their effects on splenic lymphocytes. Int J Pharm 2019; 559:410-419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Zhang Y, Mao P, Li G, Hu J, Yu Y, An T. Delineation of 3D dose-time-toxicity in human pulmonary epithelial Beas-2B cells induced by decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:661-669. [PMID: 30228062 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to frequent detection in environment as well as in the human body, the adverse effects of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) have been extensively studied in the past few years. However, information regarding the inhalation toxicity of BDE209 to humans is currently limited. In this study, the cytotoxicity, cell damage, and inflammation markers including IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in the Beas-2B cell line induced by BDE209 were measured using a central composite design. Results showed that as BDE209 concentrations (5-65 μg mL-1) and exposure time (6-30 h) were increased, cell viability sharply decreased from 99.7% to 29.7% and LDH activity increased from 0.1% to 13.1%. Furthermore, expression of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α transcripts were enhanced from 4.7 to 29.1 fold, 3.4-68.9 fold, and 2.8-47.0 fold, respectively, and the concentration of IL-6 and IL-8 proteins increased from 5.4 to 16.7 pg mL-1 and 71.0-550.0 pg mL-1, respectively. Results indicate that BDE209 exposure can inhibit cell viability, increase LDH leakage, and upregulate the transcript (mRNA) and protein levels of inflammatory markers of IL-6 and IL-8 in Beas-2B cells. Moreover, these effects were both dose- and time-dependent, and dose and time had a synergistic effect - enhancing toxicity when in combination. Cell density affected both LDH activity and IL-8 release but had little effect on cell activity and IL-6 release in the Beas-2B cells. In contrast, TNF-α protein was not detected but its mRNA expression level was upregulated. This study will provide a reference for human health risk assessment, especially for the toxic damage that BDE209 exposure can elicit in the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Pu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Junjie Hu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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21
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Liu Z, Wang X, Ou S, Arowolo MA, Hou DX, He J. Effects of Achyranthes bidentata Polysaccharides on Intestinal Morphology, Immune Response, and Gut Microbiome in Yellow Broiler Chickens Challenged with Escherichia coli K88. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1233. [PMID: 30961158 PMCID: PMC6401798 DOI: 10.3390/polym10111233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide (ABPS) supplementation on performance, immune response, intestinal mucosal morphology, and gut microbiome in yellow-feathered broilers challenged with Escherichia coli K88. A 2 × 2 factorial design was used for the trial. Two hundred and forty one-day-old female broilers were randomly assigned to four treatments: (1) negative-control broilers were fed by a basal diet and saline (NG); (2) positive-control broilers were fed by a basal diet and orally challenged with 10⁸ CFU E. coli K88 (CNG); (3) ABP group broilers were fed by a basal diet containing ABPS (500 mg/kg of feed) and saline; (4) CABP group broilers were fed by a basal diet containing ABPS (500 mg/kg of feed) and orally challenged with 10⁸ CFU E. coli K88. Growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, immune responses, intestinal mucosal morphology, and cecal microbial community structure were evaluated. The ABP group had greatest body weight (BW), average daily body weight gain (ADG), and intestinal villus height compared to other treatments (p < 0.05). The CABP group had a higher villus height/crypt depth ratio (V/C) compared with other treatments (p < 0.05). The expression levels of NF-κB were lower in the ABP group. The CNG group had higher Escherichia coli and Enterococcus contents in cecal samples compared to other treatments (p < 0.05). Serum glucose, uric acid, TNF-α, and Secretory Immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) levels were higher in broilers challenged with E. coli (p < 0.001) than that with saline. Broilers challenged with E. coli had reduced taxa richness in the cecal samples. Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes in cecal samples revealed that a lower proportion of Firmicutes and a higher proportion of Proteobacteria were detected in the broilers challenged with E. coli. Compared with the controls, dietary ABPS supplementation increased serum total protein, albumin, and S-IgA levels, but decreased serum glucose, uric acid, and TNF-α levels in broilers (p < 0.05). Diet supplemented with ABPS increased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and the abundance of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae, and altered cecal microbiota community structure. These results suggest that ABPS can promote growth performance and improve intestinal morphology and microbiota community structure in broilers challenged with E. coli K88.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuying Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China.
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China.
| | - Shuqi Ou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China.
| | - Muhammed Adebayo Arowolo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China.
| | - De-Xing Hou
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Jianhua He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China.
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