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Tengsuthiwat J, Raghunathan V, Ayyappan V, Techawinyutham L, Srisuk R, Yorseng K, Mavinkere Rangappa S, Siengchin S. Lignocellulose sustainable composites from agro-waste Asparagus bean stem fiber for polymer casting applications: Effect of fiber treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134884. [PMID: 39168200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
In the past decades, lignocellulose fibers have attracted significant attention due to their low density, environmental friendliness, and biodegradability. Consequently, researchers are intensifying their efforts to explore the potential of lignocellulosic fibers as sustainable alternatives to synthetic fibers in polymer composites. Among various natural fibers identified as potential reinforcements, agro-waste from the Asparagus Bean stem (ABS) which has been discarded as landfill after harvest has emerged as a promising source of lignocellulose fibers for promoting sustainability. This study investigates the reinforcement suitability of ABSF in polymer matrices. A water-retting process was used for extraction, followed by treatment with a 5 % alkali solution. Cellulose content was enhanced to 65 wt%, and fiber density increased to 1.13 g/cm3 after chemical treatment. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated improved thermal stability of the treated fibers up to 247 °C. Morphological analysis showed increased surface roughness and impurity removal. To evaluate the reinforcing effect of the chemical treatment, epoxy composites with 10 wt% reinforcement were developed. The mechanical properties of these composites improved significantly, with more than 1.1 times when used alkali-treated ABSF as reinforcement. Flexural properties were substantially enhanced, with flexural strength increasing from 90.53 MPa to 122.71 MPa and flexural modulus from 2.41 GPa to 2.95 GPa due to better fiber-matrix interaction and removal of weak, amorphous constituents. The primary objective of this study is to demonstrate that ABSF is a viable alternative raw material for composite reinforcement, suitable for developing lightweight structural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiratti Tengsuthiwat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, College of Industrial Technology (CIT), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Thailand
| | - Vijay Raghunathan
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vinod Ayyappan
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Laongdaw Techawinyutham
- Department of Production and Robotics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Thailand
| | - Rapeeporn Srisuk
- Department of Production and Robotics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Thailand
| | - Krittirash Yorseng
- Department of Teacher Training in Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Education, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Thailand
| | - Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suchart Siengchin
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand.
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2
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Arumugam GS, Arumugam C, Damodharan K, Sathish Kumar R, Gummadi SN, Muthusamy S. Thermal and mechanical properties of high-performance polyester nanobiocomposites reinforced with pre-treated sunn hemp fiber for automotive applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:135591. [PMID: 39304055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to create high-performance nano biocomposites by utilizing unsaturated polyester resin (PE) reinforced with pre-treated short (2 cm) lengthened sunn hemp (SH) fibers and by incorporating 5 % nanoclay (hydrophilic bentonite) through the compression molding technique. The addition of 5 % nanoclay to the biocomposite significantly increased the flexural strength by approximately 165 % for H2O2-treated SH fiber and 148 % for KMnO4-treated SH fiber, when compared to untreated fibers. This enhancement was achieved through phase separation, intercalation, and exfoliation between the SH fibers, polyester resin (PE), and 5 % nanoclay. In particular, the H2O2-treated SH fiber nanobiocomposite exhibited a 43 % higher flexural strength compared to its corresponding biocomposite. The incorporation of nanoclay significantly decreased the water absorption of the bio-composites from 11.86 % in the untreated samples to a minimum of 2.76 % in the H2O2-treated SH/PE nanobiocomposite. The study suggests that short SH fiber/PE/nanoclay nanobiocomposites could be used as effective alternatives to synthetic composites in various applications, including the aerospace industry, household products, and automotive interior components such as side panels, seat frames, and central consoles. Additionally, they could be utilized in exterior parts like door panels and dashboards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gandarvakottai Senthilkumar Arumugam
- SSS International Drug Discovery & Development Research Private Limited, Innovation & Entrepreneurship, Sudha & Shankar Innovation Hub, IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India; Applied and Industrial Microbiology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India.
| | | | - Kannan Damodharan
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai 600020, India
| | - R Sathish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Sathyanarayana N Gummadi
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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Atoui S, Belaadi A, Chai BX, Abdullah MMS, Al-Khawlani A, Ghernaout D. Extracting and characterizing novel cellulose fibers from Chamaerops humilis rachis for textiles' sustainable and cleaner production as reinforcement for potential applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:134029. [PMID: 39084993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
New cellulose (CL) fibers are derived from Chamaerops humilis (Ch) rachis. They play an essential role in various industries to produce environmentally friendly products as an alternative to enhancing and strengthening lightweight composites, such as dashboards automotive. Distinctive properties of Ch fibers (ChFs) were determined by extracting fibers from dwarf palm plant branches using anaerobic analysis. This search comprehensively studies morphological, physical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics and water absorption testing. The fiber diameter was 241.23 ± 34.77 μm, while the obtained linear density and density were 13.71 ± 0.57 Tex and 0.801 ± 0.05 g/cm3, respectively. The moisture content was 8.5 %, and the moisture regain was 9.29 %. Scanning electron microscopy images showed the fibers and smooth and rough surfaces. The thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated the maximum degradation of 352 °C, thermal stability of 243 °C, and the kinetic activation energy reached (79.78 kJ/mol). X-ray diffraction proves the availability of CL, with a crystallinity index = 68.38 % and crystal size = 2.92 nm. Fourier transform infrared succeeded in detecting functional groups and chemical compounds of fibers. The fibers exhibited a tensile stress of 110.85 ± 77.08 MPa, an elongation at a break rate of 2.29 ± 1.27 %, and Young's modulus of 6.05 ± 3.9 GPa. The maximum likelihood method (2P-Weibull distribution) was employed to examine the distribution of mechanical properties of fibers. According to the results above, new ChFs are an excellent reinforcement for elaborating fiber-reinforced biocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumia Atoui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University 20 August 1955- Skikda, El-Hadaiek, Skikda, Algeria; Laboratory LGMM, University 20 August 1955, Skikda, Algeria
| | - Ahmed Belaadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University 20 August 1955- Skikda, El-Hadaiek, Skikda, Algeria.
| | - Boon Xian Chai
- School of Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Mahmood M S Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amar Al-Khawlani
- Southeast University, Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing, China
| | - Djamel Ghernaout
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Blida, PO Box 270, Blida 09000, Algeria
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Shifa SS, Kanok MMH, Haque MS. Effect of alkali treatment on mechanical and water absorption properties of biodegradable wheat-straw/glass fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites: A sustainable alternative for conventional materials. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35910. [PMID: 39224269 PMCID: PMC11367019 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Fiber-reinforced polymer composites are preferred over conventional materials because of their superior strength and modulus. Previously limited due to high manufacturing costs, synthetic fibers have been replaced by some natural fibers, such as waste wheat straw fibers. Here, epoxy-based polymer composites' mechanical and physical properties have been investigated, focusing on fiber weight ratios for both treated and untreated fiber. The research found that treated fibers display more effective mechanical qualities than untreated fibers, with a higher tensile strength of 54.4 MPa. The untreated Wheat Straw-Glass fiber reinforced composite has a less tensile strength of 26.3 MPa (10 wt% fiber). Pure resin-based composite has the most minor tensile strength at 1.52 MPa. The highest flexural strength obtained for hybrid composite is 88.76 MPa for treated fiber with epoxy resin and 49.6 MPa for untreated 30 wt % fiber. At the same time, the sole epoxy resin composite has the lowest value of 10.60 MPa. Untreated fiber (30 wt%) has the highest impact energy of 8J. Untreated wheat straw fiber absorbs more water due to its hydrophilic nature. In contrast, treated fiber exhibits better bonding and minimal water content, and the sole epoxy resin composite exhibits hydrophobic properties, resulting in less water absorption. The treated fiber displays better bonding than the untreated fiber throughout the SEM analysis. Wheat Straw fiber is mainly used for biodegradable plastic formation, housing construction, building materials, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina Siddika Shifa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mehedi Hasan Kanok
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Salman Haque
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh
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Kouidri D, Rokbi M, Rahmouni ZE, Kherbiche Y, Bouchareb S, Mavinkere Rangappa S, Siengchin S. Investigation of mechanical and physico-chemical properties of new natural fiber extracted from Bassia indica plant for reinforcement of lightweight bio-composites. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35552. [PMID: 39170150 PMCID: PMC11336725 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In this investigation, novel cellulose fibers were acquired from the Bassia Indica plant to serve as a reinforcement source in composite materials. The morphological characteristics were studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The surface chemistry, crystallinity, and functional groups of Bassia Indica fibers were analyzed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), which assess the crystal structure, elemental composition, and surface functional groups, respectively. The thermal behavior of Bassia Indica fibers were assessed through Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Anatomical techniques demonstrated the abundant presence of fibroblasts in the fibers. The presence of lignocellulosic fiber (lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose) was confirmed through ATR-FTIR analysis. The analysis of physical properties unveiled a fiber density of 1.065 ± 0.025 g/cm³ and a diameter of 145.58 ± 7.89 μm. The crystalline size of Bassia Indica fibers reached 2.23 nm, with a crystallinity index of 40.12 %, and an activation energy of 93.78 kJ/mol, TGA research revealed that Bassia Indica fibers are thermally stable up to 260.24 °C. Additionally, the fibers experienced maximum degradation at 321.23 °C. Weibull statistical analysis was performed using parameters 2 and 3 to calculate the observed dispersion in the experimental tensile results after analyzing the mechanical properties of the fibers possessing a tensile strength of 417.50 ± 7.08 MPa, Young's modulus of 17.46 ± 1.55 GPa, stress at failure of 1.17 ± 0.02 % and interfacial shear strength of 6.99 ± 1.10 MPa. The results were additionally compared to how they were stated in the relevant sources. Bassia Indica fibers can be considered a viable choice for reinforcing lightweight bio-composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djamila Kouidri
- Department of mechanical Engineering, Faculty of technology, University of M’sila, University pole, Bordj Bou Arreridj road, M'Sila 28000 Algeria
- Laboratoire de Matériaux et Mécanique des Structures (LMMS). Université de M'sila, Algeria
| | - Mansour Rokbi
- Department of mechanical Engineering, Faculty of technology, University of M’sila, University pole, Bordj Bou Arreridj road, M'Sila 28000 Algeria
| | - Zine Elabidine Rahmouni
- Department of mechanical Engineering, Faculty of technology, University of M’sila, University pole, Bordj Bou Arreridj road, M'Sila 28000 Algeria
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of technology, University of M'sila, M'sila, Algeria
| | - Younes Kherbiche
- Department of mechanical Engineering, Faculty of technology, University of M’sila, University pole, Bordj Bou Arreridj road, M'Sila 28000 Algeria
| | - Samira Bouchareb
- Department of mechanical Engineering, Faculty of technology, University of M’sila, University pole, Bordj Bou Arreridj road, M'Sila 28000 Algeria
- Laboratoire de Matériaux et Mécanique des Structures (LMMS). Université de M'sila, Algeria
| | - Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok -10800, Thailand
| | - Suchart Siengchin
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok -10800, Thailand
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6
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Alsafran M, Sadasivuni KK, Haneesh JM, Kasote DM. Extraction and characterization of natural fibers from Pulicaria gnaphalodes plant and effect of alkali treatment on their physicochemical and antioxidant properties. Front Chem 2024; 12:1437277. [PMID: 39156218 PMCID: PMC11327012 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1437277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to extract and characterize natural fibers from Pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent.) Boiss. plants and assess the impact of alkali treatment on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of these fibers. Fibers were extracted from dried P. gnaphalodes aerial parts by grinding with an average yield of 18.1%. Physicochemical and FTIR analysis revealed that the hemicellulose was mostly lost during alkali treatment. Results of the X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the crystallinity and thermal stability of P. gnaphalodes fibers were considerably increased after alkali treatment. In antioxidant activity assessment studies, raw fibers of P. gnaphalodes showed significantly higher radical scavenging and reducing power potentials compared to the alkali-treated samples, indicating that the majority of antioxidant components such as lignin and other polyphenols were lost from P. gnaphalodes fibers during alkali treatment. In conclusion, the promising antioxidant activity of raw P. gnaphalodes can be utilized in developing functional materials, particularly for cosmetic and wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Zheng B, Zhang L, Zhou Z, Chen S, Chen L, Li Y, Wu A, Li H. Understanding the dynamic evolution of hemicellulose during Pinus taeda L. growth. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132914. [PMID: 38844290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Pinus taeda L. is a fast-growing softwood with significant commercial value. Understanding structural changes in hemicellulose during growth is essential to understanding the biosynthesis processes occurring in the cell walls of this tree. In this study, alkaline extraction is applied to isolate hemicellulose from Pinus taeda L. stem segments of different ages (1, 2, 3, and 4 years old). The results show that the extracted hemicellulose is mainly comprised of O-acetylgalactoglucomannan (GGM) and 4-O-methylglucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX), with the molecular weights and ratios (i.e., GGM:GAX) of GGM and GAX increasing alongside Pinus taeda L. age. Mature Pinus taeda L. hemicellulose is mainly composed of GGM, and the ratio of (mannose:glucose) in the GGM main chain gradually increases from 2.45 to 3.60 with growth, while the galactose substitution of GGM decreases gradually from 21.36% to 14.65%. The acetylation of GGM gradually increases from 0.33 to 0.45 with the acetyl groups mainly substituting into the O-3 position in the mannan. Furthermore, the contents of arabinose and glucuronic acid in GAX gradually decrease with growth. This study can provide useful information to the research in genetic breeding and high-value utilization of Pinus taeda L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Liuyang Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zibin Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Siyi Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Luoting Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuanhua Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China
| | - Aimin Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Huiling Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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8
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Tengsuthiwat J, A V, R V, G YGT, Rangappa SM, Siengchin S. Characterization of novel natural cellulose fiber from Ficus macrocarpa bark for lightweight structural composite application and its effect on chemical treatment. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30442. [PMID: 38726178 PMCID: PMC11079083 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates Ficus Macrocarpa tree bark fibers (FMB) as a sustainable alternative reinforcement for polymer composites. The Industrial Revolution marked the evolution of polymer composites with synthetic material reinforcement, leading to environmental concerns. Natural fibers have recently gained prominence as efficient alternatives for polymer composites. Despite numerous natural fibers being considered, ensuring a sustainable raw material source remains crucial. In this study, fibers were extracted from FMB and subjected to alkali treatment to evaluate their impact on physical, chemical, and thermal properties. Initially, the extracted fibers measured 253.80 ± 15 μm in diameter, reduced to 223.27 ± 12 μm post-alkali treatment. Chemical analysis showed an increase in cellulose content to 59.7 wt%, a 23.34 % improvement over untreated fibers (48.4 wt%). The crystalline index for untreated and treated fibers measured 80.20 % and 84.75 %, respectively, with no noticeable changes in the cellulose phase. Additionally, the crystalline size increased to 3.21 nm. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated enhanced stability of treated fibers up to 378.87 °C, while the kinetic activation energy remained constant at 64.76 kJ/mol for both the treated and the untreated fibers. The alkali treatment further improved surface roughness to 39.26, confirmed by scanning electron microscopic images. These findings highlight the potential of cellulose fibers from Ficus Macrocarpa bark as a sustainable and environmentally friendly replacement for synthetic fibers in polymer composites. The enhanced physical properties and excellent thermal stability make them a promising choice for eco-conscious materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiratti Tengsuthiwat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, College of Industrial Technology (CIT), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vinod A
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vijay R
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yashas Gowda T. G
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malnad College of Engineering, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suchart Siengchin
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
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9
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Eryilmaz O. Revalorization of cellulosic fiber extracted from the waste stem of Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L. (cauliflower) by characterizing for potential composite applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131086. [PMID: 38521302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates a protocol for extracting and characterizing fibers obtained from cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) stem agricultural waste, exploring its suitability for composite applications. Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L. (BOVBL), commonly known as cauliflower, was comprehensively characterized for the first time, with its fiber extracted from plant waste stems. BOVBL fiber, subjected to microbial degradation, exhibited properties typical of natural fibers, with a density of 1.47 g/cm3 and a composition of 50.09 % cellulose, 19.7 % hemicellulose, and 22.3 % lignin. XPS analysis showed that the surface structure of the fiber consisted of carbon (64.37 %) and oxygen (22.36 %) due to cellulose. The crystalline index is calculated as 57.32 % indicating a highly organized molecular arrangement. SEM images depicted a rough surface with hexagonal and rectangular forms, enhancing resin penetration for improved composite adhesion. The thermal analysis demonstrated stability up to 324.38 °C, promising suitability for composite heat processing. The results of the single fiber test (tensile strength, E-modulus, and elongation at break) were assessed by using Weibull distribution analysis. This investigation provides suggestions for the potential applications of organic waste leftovers as a new, environmentally friendly material for fiber-reinforced polymer composites aligning with circular economy and sustainability through the utilization of agricultural waste in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oguz Eryilmaz
- Marmara University, Department of Textile Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey
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10
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Lemecho B, Andoshe DM, Gultom NS, Abdullah H, Kuo DH, Chen X, Desissa TD, Wondimageng DT, Wu YN, Zelekew OA. Biological Renewable Cellulose-Templated Zn 1-XCu XO/Ag 2O Nanocomposite Photocatalysts for the Degradation of Methylene Blue. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:13714-13727. [PMID: 38559997 PMCID: PMC10975585 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Herein, Cellulose-templated Zn1-XCuXO/Ag2O nanocomposites were prepared using biological renewable cellulose extracted from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). Cellulose-templated Cu-doped ZnO catalysts with different amounts of Cu as the dopants (1, 2, 3, and 4%) were prepared and denoted CZ-1, CZ-2, CZ-3, and CZ-4, respectively, for simplicity. The prepared catalysts were tested for the degradation of methylene blue (MB), and 2% Cu-doped ZnO (CZ-2) showed the best catalytic performance (82%), while the pure ZnO, CZ-1, CZ-3, and CZ-4 catalysts exhibited MB dye degradation efficiencies of 54, 63, 65, and 60%, respectively. The best catalyst (CZ-2) was chosen to further improve the degradation efficiency. Different amounts of AgNO3 (10, 15, 30, and 45 mg) were used for the deposition of Ag2O on the surface of CZ-2 and denoted CZA-10, CZA-15, CZA-30, and CZA-45, respectively. Among the composite catalysts, CZA-15 showed remarkable degradation efficiency and degraded 94% of MB, while the CZA-10, CZA-30, and CZA-45 catalysts showed 90, 81, and 79% degradation efficiencies, respectively, under visible light within 100 min of irradiation. The enhanced catalytic performance could be due to the smaller particle size, the higher electron and hole separation and charge transfer efficiencies, and the lower agglomeration in the composite catalyst system. The results also demonstrated that the Cu-doped ZnO prepared with cellulose as a template, followed by the optimum amount of Ag2O deposition, could have promising applications in the degradation of organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biruktait
Ayele Lemecho
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Adama
Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
| | - Dinsefa Mensur Andoshe
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Adama
Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
| | - Noto Susanto Gultom
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Hairus Abdullah
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Hau Kuo
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- College
of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture
and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Temesgen D. Desissa
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Adama
Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
| | - Demeke Tesfaye Wondimageng
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Adama
Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
| | - Yi-nan Wu
- College
of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of
Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji
University, 1239 Siping Rd., Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai
Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Osman Ahmed Zelekew
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Adama
Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
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11
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H JR, Singh S, Janaki Ramulu P, Santos TF, Santos CM, M.R S, Suyambulingam I, Siengchin S. Effect of chemical treatment on physio-mechanical properties of lignocellulose natural fiber extracted from the bark of careya arborea tree. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26706. [PMID: 38434283 PMCID: PMC10907790 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
For the first time, the current work has carried out a chemical treatment of a novel ligno-cellulose fiber that is extracted from the bark of an unexplored plant of Careya arborea. Careya arborea (CA), a flowering tree known for its green berries, thrives in the Indian subcontinent and Afghanistan. This research was focused on extracting fibers from the bark of the Cary tree for the first time to corroborate the influence of chemical treatment on its different characteristics. These CA fibers have a high proportion of cellulose, consisting of 71.17 wt percent, together with 27.86 wt percent of hemicellulose, and a reduced density of 1140 kg/m3, making them a suitable candidate for creating lightweight applications in a variety of industries. Chemical treatment has done on the cay fiber with the concentrations of NaOH 5 (wt%), 10 (wt%), and 15 (wt%) solution mixture to improve their characteristics. Estimated the difference between Chemically processed and non-processed Cary fibers and corroborated in results. We performed a number of experiments, including FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDAX, AFM, and TGA, to fully comprehend the changing properties. Chemical testing showed that cellulose changed from its non-crystalline state to cellulose, proving that the treatment was successful in changing the fibre structure. Additionally, the thermo-gravimetric examination showed higher thermal stability 248 °C-325 °C and a rise in the crystallinity index, indicating the treated fibers' improved potential for high-temperature applications. The treated Cary fibers exhibited excellent surface properties, promising improved adhesion, mechanical performance, offering lightweight and sustainable solutions for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeevan Rao H
- Amity Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S. Singh
- Amity Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P. Janaki Ramulu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Centre of Excellence for Advanced Manufacturing Engineering, School of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, ASTU, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Thiago F. Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Prof. Sen. Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Caroliny M. Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Prof. Sen. Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Sanjay M.R
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Indran Suyambulingam
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suchart Siengchin
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
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12
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Palanisamy S, Rajan VK, Mani AK, Palaniappan M, Santulli C, Alavudeen A, Ayrilmis N. Extraction and characterization of fiber from the flower stalk of Sansevieria cylindrica. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14279. [PMID: 38629121 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
A number of natural fibers are being proposed for use in composite materials, especially those extracted from local plants, especially those able to grow spontaneously as they are cost-efficient and have unexplored potential. Sansevieria cylindrica, within the Asparagaceae (previously Agavacae) family, has recently been considered for application in polymer and rubber matrix composites. However, its characterization and even the sorting out of technical fiber from the stem remains scarce, with little available data, as is often the case when the fabrication of textiles is not involved. In this study, Sansevieria cylindrica fibers were separated down to the dimensions of a filament at an 8-15 micron diameter from the stem of the plant, then characterized physically and chemically, using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), morphologically by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as their thermal degradation, by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Their crystallinity surface roughness was measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. The results indicate over 70% cellulose fibers content with a very high crystallinity (92%) and small crystallite size (1.45 nm), which suggests a low water absorption, with thermal degradation peaking at 294°C. Despite this, due to the significant porosity of the cellular structure, the density of 1.06 g cm-3 is quite low for a mainly cellulose fiber. Roughness measurements indicate that the porosities and foamy structure result in a highly negative skewness (-3.953), in the presence of deep valleys, which may contribute to an effective relation with a covering resin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ajith Kuriakose Mani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saintgits College of Engineering (Autonomous), Kottayam, India
| | - Murugesan Palaniappan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlo Santulli
- School of Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Azeez Alavudeen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Virudhunagar Dist, India
| | - Nadir Ayrilmis
- Department of Wood Mechanics and Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
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13
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Kaya AI. Extraction of Lightweight Platanus orientalis L. Fruit's Stem Fiber and Determination of Its Mechanical and Physico-Chemical Properties and Potential of Its Use in Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:657. [PMID: 38475338 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural fibers extracted from plants are preferred as an alternative to synthetic products. The main reasons for this preference are their affordable cost, light weight and good mechanical properties. However, finding new natural raw materials is challenging due to growth limitations in different geographical areas. Platanus orientalis L. (Eastern plane tree) is a tree with abundant fruits that can grow in many regions of the world. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanical (tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation), physical (density, fiber diameter) and chemical (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) properties of Platanus orientalis L. fruit's stem by fiber extraction from the stems of the tree. It was determined that the extracted fiber had good mechanical properties and cellulose content of 42.03%. As a result of thermogravimetric analysis, it was determined that the plane tree fruit's stem fiber had thermal resistance of up to 299 °C. The tensile strength value was 157.76 MPa, the tensile modulus value was 1.39 GPa and the elongation value was 22.01%. It was determined that it is suitable for use in fiber reinforcement in thermoplastic-based composites at temperatures below 299 °C. According to the results obtained by the mechanical, chemical and physical analysis of Platanus orientalis L. fruit's stem fiber (PoLfs), it could be recommended as a suitable alternative as a reinforcing fiber in thermoplastic and thermoset composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ihsan Kaya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Adıyaman University, 02040 Adıyaman, Turkey
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14
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Shibly MAH, Islam MI, Rahat MNH, Billah MM, Rahman MM, Bashar MS, Abdul B, Alorfi HS. Extraction and characterization of a novel cellulosic fiber derived from the bark of Rosa hybrida plant. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128446. [PMID: 38029899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The current investigation aims to choose an alternate potential replacement for the nonbiodegradable synthetic fibers used in polymer composites. This goal motivated the thorough characterization of Rosa hybrida bark (RHB) fibers. The research explored fiber characterization such as morphological, mechanical, thermal, and physical properties. The suggested fiber features a percentage of cellulose, hemicellulose molecules, and lignin of 52.99 wt%, 18.49 wt%, and 17.34 wt%, respectively according to chemical composition studies, which improves its mechanical properties. It is suitable for lightweight applications due to its decreased density (1.194 gcm-3). The purpose of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscope was to observe and record how various chemical groups were distributed throughout the surface of the fiber. The presence of 1.41 nm-sized crystalline cellulose and further XRD analysis showed a crystallinity index of 75.48 %. Scanning electron microscope studies revealed that RHB fibers have a rough surface. According to a single fiber tensile test, for gauge length (GL) 40 mm, Young's modulus and tensile strength of RHB fibers were 6.57 GPa and 352.01 MPa, respectively, and for GL 50 mm, 9.02 GPa and 311 MPa, respectively. Furthermore, thermo-gravimetric examination revealed that the isolated fibers were thermally stable up to 290 °C and the kinetic activation energy was found to be 75.32 kJ/mol. The fibers taken from the Rosa hybrida flower plants' bark exhibit qualities similar to those of currently used natural fibers, making them a highly promising replacement for synthetic fibers in polymer matrix composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abul Hasan Shibly
- Center for Research and Industrial Relation, National Institute of Textile Engineering and Research, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Ikramul Islam
- Center for Research and Industrial Relation, National Institute of Textile Engineering and Research, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nur Hossain Rahat
- Center for Research and Industrial Relation, National Institute of Textile Engineering and Research, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Maruf Billah
- Center for Research and Industrial Relation, National Institute of Textile Engineering and Research, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Hajer S Alorfi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Garriba S, Siddhi Jailani H. Extraction and characterization of natural cellulosic fiber from Mariscus ligularis plant as potential reinforcement in composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127609. [PMID: 37871721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, fiber from the Mariscus ligularis (ML) plant was extracted and investigated as a naturally derived fiber for its potential as a reinforcement material for composite applications. Physical, morphological, chemical, thermal, and mechanical property analyses of the Mariscus ligularis fiber (MLF) were performed to evaluate its suitability as a reinforcement material while also generating useful data to serve as the basis for its selection in the development of new composite materials. Physical and morphological analysis results showed MLF as a lightweight fiber of diameter 243.6 μm and density 768.59 kg/m3 with a very rough surface that provides excellent interfacial bonding performance. Chemical and thermal results show MLF has mainly cellulose as its crystallized phase, with cellulose and wax contents of 58.32 % and 0.73 %, respectively, and possesses a 72.23 % crystallinity index and a 3.15 nm crystallite size with thermal stability up to 258 °C. The mechanical results show that the tensile strength, elastic modulus, strain to failure, and microfibril angle were in the ranges of 109-134 MPa, 3.27-5.06 GPa, 3.32-9.13 %, and 13.35-20.33°, respectively. These findings show MLF as a potential reinforcement material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Garriba
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cape Coast Technical University, Cape Coast, Ghana, West Africa
| | - H Siddhi Jailani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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16
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Bahsaine K, El Allaoui B, Benzeid H, El Achaby M, Zari N, Qaiss AEK, Bouhfid R. Hemp cellulose nanocrystals for functional chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol-based films for food packaging applications. RSC Adv 2023; 13:33294-33304. [PMID: 37964908 PMCID: PMC10641453 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06586c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemp is known for its swift growth and remarkable sustainability, requiring significantly less water, an adaptable cultivation to a wide range of climates when compared to other fibers sources, making it a practical and environmentally friendly choice for packaging materials. The current research seeks to extract cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from hemp fibers using alkali treatment followed by acid hydrolysis and assess their reinforcing capacity in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan (CS) films. AFM analysis confirmed the existence of elongated, uniquely nanosized CNC fibers. The length of the isolated CNCs was approximately 277.76 ± 61 nm, diameter was 6.38 ± 1.27 nm and its aspect ratio was 44.69 ± 11.08. The FTIR and SEM analysis indicated the successful removal of non-cellulosic compounds. Furthermore, the study explored the impact of adding CNCs at varying weight percentages (0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 wt%) as a strengthening agent on the chemical composition, structure, tensile characteristics, transparency, and water solubility of the bionanocomposite films. Adding CNCs to the CS/PVA film, up to 5 wt%, resulted in an improvement in both the Young's modulus and tensile strength of the bionanocomposite film, which are measured at (412.46 ± 10.49 MPa) and (18.60 ± 3.42 MPa), respectively, in contrast to the control films with values of (202.32 ± 22.50 MPa) and (13.72 ± 2.61 MPa), respectively. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images reveal the creation of a CS/PVA/CNC film that appears smooth, with no signs of clumping or clustering. The blending and introduction of CNCs have yielded transparent and biodegradable CS/PVA films. This incorporation has led to a reduction in the gas transmission rate (from 7.013 to 4.159 cm3 (m2 day·0.1 MPa))-1, a decrease in transparency (from 90.23% to 82.47%), and a lowered water solubility (from 48% to 33%). This study is the inaugural effort to propose the utilization of hemp-derived CNC as a strengthening component in the development of mechanically robust and transparent CS/PVA-CNC bio-nanocomposite films, holding substantial potential for application in the field of food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenza Bahsaine
- Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MAScIR), Composites and Nanocomposites Center, Rabat Design Center Rue Mohamed El Jazouli, Madinat El Irfane 10100 Rabat Morocco
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V de Rabat Rabat Morocco
| | - Brahim El Allaoui
- Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MAScIR), Composites and Nanocomposites Center, Rabat Design Center Rue Mohamed El Jazouli, Madinat El Irfane 10100 Rabat Morocco
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V de Rabat Rabat Morocco
| | - Hanane Benzeid
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V de Rabat Rabat Morocco
| | - Mounir El Achaby
- Materials Science and Nanoengineering Department (MSN), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P) Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Ben Guerir Morocco
| | - Nadia Zari
- Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MAScIR), Composites and Nanocomposites Center, Rabat Design Center Rue Mohamed El Jazouli, Madinat El Irfane 10100 Rabat Morocco
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Ben Guerir Morocco
| | - Abou El Kacem Qaiss
- Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MAScIR), Composites and Nanocomposites Center, Rabat Design Center Rue Mohamed El Jazouli, Madinat El Irfane 10100 Rabat Morocco
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Ben Guerir Morocco
| | - Rachid Bouhfid
- Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MAScIR), Composites and Nanocomposites Center, Rabat Design Center Rue Mohamed El Jazouli, Madinat El Irfane 10100 Rabat Morocco
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Ben Guerir Morocco
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17
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de Vilhena MB, Matos RM, Ramos Junior GSDS, Viegas BM, da Silva Junior CAB, Macedo EN, Paula MVDS, da Silva Souza JA, Candido VS, de Sousa Cunha EJ. Influence of Glycerol and SISAL Microfiber Contents on the Thermal and Tensile Properties of Thermoplastic Starch Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4141. [PMID: 37896385 PMCID: PMC10610935 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing use of petroleum plastics has caused environmental damage due to the degradation time of these materials. An alternative to petroleum plastics could be thermoplastic starch (TPS). However, thermoplastic starch does not exhibit satisfactory tensile properties. The mechanical properties of thermoplastic starch can be improved by adding sisal microfibers. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different levels of glycerol and sisal microfibers on the thermal and tensile properties of thermoplastic corn starch composites. The microfibers were obtained via mechanical treatment followed by chemical treatment (alkaline treatment and bleaching). The films were obtained by the casting method using commercial corn starch and glycerol as a plasticizing agent, reinforced with sisal microfibers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results revealed that the addition of microfibers did not change the chemical structure of the TPS matrix. The films from the samples with 18% glycerol and 10% microfibers had the highest value for the maximum tension, equal to 4.78 MPa. The thermal decomposition profile of TPS was not altered by the addition of microfibers. Our findings demonstrated the profound influence of glycerol and microfiber contents on the tensile properties of thermoplastic starch composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mailson Batista de Vilhena
- Engineering of Natural Resources of the Amazon Program, Federal University of Pará—UFPA, Belem 66075-110, Brazil; (M.B.d.V.); (E.N.M.); (J.A.d.S.S.)
| | - Rochelle Moraes Matos
- Faculty of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Pará-UFPA, Ananindeua 67130-660, Brazil; (R.M.M.); (E.J.d.S.C.)
| | - Gilberto Sérgio da Silva Ramos Junior
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Federal University of Pará—UFPA, Ananindeua 67130-660, Brazil; (G.S.d.S.R.J.); (C.A.B.d.S.J.); (M.V.d.S.P.)
| | - Bruno Marques Viegas
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Federal University of Pará—UFPA, Belem 66075-110, Brazil;
| | - Carlos Alberto Brito da Silva Junior
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Federal University of Pará—UFPA, Ananindeua 67130-660, Brazil; (G.S.d.S.R.J.); (C.A.B.d.S.J.); (M.V.d.S.P.)
| | - Emanuel Negrão Macedo
- Engineering of Natural Resources of the Amazon Program, Federal University of Pará—UFPA, Belem 66075-110, Brazil; (M.B.d.V.); (E.N.M.); (J.A.d.S.S.)
| | - Marcos Vinícius da Silva Paula
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Federal University of Pará—UFPA, Ananindeua 67130-660, Brazil; (G.S.d.S.R.J.); (C.A.B.d.S.J.); (M.V.d.S.P.)
| | - José Antônio da Silva Souza
- Engineering of Natural Resources of the Amazon Program, Federal University of Pará—UFPA, Belem 66075-110, Brazil; (M.B.d.V.); (E.N.M.); (J.A.d.S.S.)
| | - Verônica Scarpini Candido
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Federal University of Pará—UFPA, Ananindeua 67130-660, Brazil; (G.S.d.S.R.J.); (C.A.B.d.S.J.); (M.V.d.S.P.)
| | - Edinaldo José de Sousa Cunha
- Faculty of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Pará-UFPA, Ananindeua 67130-660, Brazil; (R.M.M.); (E.J.d.S.C.)
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18
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da Cunha JDSC, Nascimento LFC, Costa UO, Bezerra WBA, Oliveira MS, Marques MDFV, Soares APS, Monteiro SN. Ballistic Behavior of Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Amazon Titica Vine Fibers ( Heteropsis flexuosa) in Multilayered Armor System and as Stand-Alone Target. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3550. [PMID: 37688176 PMCID: PMC10490357 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Seeking to improve personal armor equipment by providing mobility and resistance to penetration, this research aimed to explore the potential of sustainable materials in order to assess their ability in ballistic applications. Titica vine fibers (TVFs) extracted from aerial roots of Heteropsis flexuosa from the Amazon region were incorporated at 10, 20, 30, and 40 vol% into an epoxy matrix for applications in ballistic multilayered armor systems (MASs) and stand-alone tests for personal protection against high-velocity 7.62 mm ammunition. The back-face signature (BFS) depth measured for composites with 20 and 40 vol% TVFs used as an intermediate layer in MASs was 25.6 and 32.5 mm, respectively, and below the maximum limit of 44 mm set by the international standard. Fracture mechanisms found by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) attested the relevance of increasing the fiber content for applications in MASs. The results of stand-alone tests showed that the control (0 vol%) and samples with 20 vol% TVFs absorbed the highest impact energy (Eabs) (212-176 J), and consequently displayed limit velocity (VL) values (213-194 m/s), when compared with 40 vol% fiber composites. However, the macroscopic evaluation found that, referring to the control samples, the plain epoxy shattered completely. In addition, for 10 and 20 vol% TVFs, the composites were fragmented or exhibited delamination fractures, which compromised their physical integrity. On the other hand, composites with 30 and 40 vol% TVFs, whose Eabs and VL varied between 166-130 J and 189-167 m/s, respectively, showed the best physical stability. The SEM images indicated that for composites with 10 and 20 vol% TVFs, the fracture mode was predominantly brittle due to the greater participation of the epoxy resin and the discrete action of the fibers, while for composites with 30 and 40 vol% TVFs, there was activation of more complex mechanisms such as pullout, shearing, and fiber rupture. These results indicate that the TVF composite has great potential for use in bulletproof vests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana dos Santos Carneiro da Cunha
- Department of Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering—IME, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, RJ, Brazil; (L.F.C.N.); (U.O.C.); (W.B.A.B.); (M.S.O.); (S.N.M.)
| | - Lucio Fabio Cassiano Nascimento
- Department of Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering—IME, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, RJ, Brazil; (L.F.C.N.); (U.O.C.); (W.B.A.B.); (M.S.O.); (S.N.M.)
| | - Ulisses Oliveira Costa
- Department of Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering—IME, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, RJ, Brazil; (L.F.C.N.); (U.O.C.); (W.B.A.B.); (M.S.O.); (S.N.M.)
| | - Wendell Bruno Almeida Bezerra
- Department of Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering—IME, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, RJ, Brazil; (L.F.C.N.); (U.O.C.); (W.B.A.B.); (M.S.O.); (S.N.M.)
| | - Michelle Souza Oliveira
- Department of Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering—IME, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, RJ, Brazil; (L.F.C.N.); (U.O.C.); (W.B.A.B.); (M.S.O.); (S.N.M.)
| | - Maria de Fátima Vieira Marques
- Institute of Macromolecules Professor Eloisa Mano, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Horácio Macedo Av., 2.030, Bloco J, University City, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Ana Paula Senra Soares
- Department of Organic Processes, School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Sergio Neves Monteiro
- Department of Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering—IME, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, RJ, Brazil; (L.F.C.N.); (U.O.C.); (W.B.A.B.); (M.S.O.); (S.N.M.)
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19
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Yang M, Su J, Zheng Y, Fang C, Lei W, Li L. Effect of Different Silane Coupling Agents on Properties of Waste Corrugated Paper Fiber/Polylactic Acid Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3525. [PMID: 37688151 PMCID: PMC10490501 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The surface of plant fibers was modified by silane coupling agents to prepare plant fiber/polylactic acid (PLA) composites, which can improve the dispersion, adhesion, and compatibility between the plant fibers and the PLA matrix. In this work, three silane coupling agents (KH550, KH560, and KH570) with different molecular structures were used to modify the surface of waste corrugated paper fibers (WFs), and dichloromethane was used as the solvent to prepare the WF/PLA composites. The effects of different silane coupling agents on the microstructure, mechanical properties, thermal decomposition, and crystallization properties of the composites were studied. The mechanical properties of the composites treated with 4 wt% KH560 were the best. Silane coupling agents can slightly improve the melting temperature of the composites, and WFs can promote the crystallization of PLA. The modification of WFs by silane coupling agents can increase the decomposition temperature of the WF/PLA composites. The content and type of silane coupling agent directly affected the mechanical properties of the WF/PLA composites. The interfacial compatibility between the WFs and PLA can be improved by using a silane coupling agent, which can further enhance the mechanical properties of WF/PLA composites. This provides a research basis for the further improvement of the performance of plant fiber/PLA composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mannan Yang
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China;
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710054, China; (J.S.); (Y.Z.); (W.L.)
| | - Jian Su
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710054, China; (J.S.); (Y.Z.); (W.L.)
| | - Yamin Zheng
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710054, China; (J.S.); (Y.Z.); (W.L.)
| | - Changqing Fang
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China;
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710054, China; (J.S.); (Y.Z.); (W.L.)
| | - Wanqing Lei
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710054, China; (J.S.); (Y.Z.); (W.L.)
| | - Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China;
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
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20
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Mohan A, Priya RK, Arunachalam KP, Avudaiappan S, Maureira-Carsalade N, Roco-Videla A. Investigating the Mechanical, Thermal, and Crystalline Properties of Raw and Potassium Hydroxide Treated Butea Parviflora Fibers for Green Polymer Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3522. [PMID: 37688148 PMCID: PMC10490496 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The only biotic factor that can satisfy the needs of human species are plants. In order to minimize plastic usage and spread an immediate require of environmental awareness, the globe urges for the development of green composite materials. Natural fibers show good renewability and sustainability and are hence utilized as reinforcements in polymer matrix composites. The present work concerns on the usage of Butea parviflora fiber (BP), a green material, for high end applications. The study throws light upon the characterization of raw and potassium hydroxide (KOH)-treated Butea Parviflora plant, where its physical, structural, morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties are analyzed using the powder XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, FESEM micrographs, tensile testing, Tg-DTA, Thermal conductivity, Chemical composition, and CHNS analysis. The density values of untreated and KOH-treated fibers are 1.238 g/cc and 1.340 g/cc, respectively. The crystallinity index of the treated fiber has significantly increased from 83.63% to 86.03%. The cellulose content of the treated fiber also experienced a substantial increase from 58.50% to 60.72%. Treated fibers exhibited a reduction in both hemicelluloses and wax content. Spectroscopic studies registered varying vibrations of functional groups residing on the fibers. SEM images distinguished specific changes on the raw and treated fiber surfaces. The Availability of elements Carbon, Nitrogen, and Hydrogen were analyzed using the CHNS studies. The tensile strength and modulus of treated fibers has risen to 192.97 MPa and 3.46 Gpa, respectively. Thermal conductivity (K) using Lee's disc showed a decrement in the K values of alkalized BP. The activation energy Ea lies between 55.95 and 73.15 kJ/mol. The fibers can withstand a good temperature of up to 240 °C, presenting that it can be tuned in for making sustainable composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abisha Mohan
- PG & Research Department of Physics, Holy Cross College, Nagercoil, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627012, India;
| | - Retnam Krishna Priya
- PG & Research Department of Physics, Holy Cross College, Nagercoil, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627012, India;
| | - Krishna Prakash Arunachalam
- Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering Nagercoil, Anna University, Nagercoil 629004, India
| | - Siva Avudaiappan
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile;
- Centro Nacional de Excelencia para la Industria de la Madera (CENAMAD), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 8330024, Chile
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Nelson Maureira-Carsalade
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4090541, Chile
| | - Angel Roco-Videla
- Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de las Américas, Providencia, Santiago 7500975, Chile
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21
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R NS, Thiagamani SMK, P S, M S, Boyina Yagna SN, Hossein EK, M M, Mavinkere Rangappa S, Siengchin S. Isolation and characterization of agro-waste biomass sapodilla seeds as reinforcement in potential polymer composite applications. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17760. [PMID: 37456007 PMCID: PMC10345370 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fillers or particulate fillers find a growing utilization as reinforcement material in polymer composites due to their ability to enhance the properties of the ensuing composites. The discarded seed in sapodilla fruit is available in abundant and the shell of the seed can be used as a reinforcing filler. The primary goal of this study is to extract and characterize the sapodilla seed shell powder (SSS) physically and chemically in order to assess its potential for reinforcement as a particulate filler in polymer composites. The sapodilla seed shell filler was characterized experimentally by Physio-chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The morphology and the filler size were determined by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Particle size analysis. The thermal degradation behaviour was evaluated by Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalaeram Sivaram R
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Senthil Muthu Kumar Thiagamani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivakumar P
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srinivasan M
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Surya Narayana Boyina Yagna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Meena M
- Department of Physics, ST Hindu College, Nagerkoil, 629002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa
- Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suchart Siengchin
- Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
- Institute of Plant and Wood Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Tharandt, Germany
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22
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Dalmis R. Description of a new cellulosic natural fiber extracted from Helianthus tuberosus L. as a composite reinforcement material. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13960. [PMID: 37339003 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Natural fiber-reinforced composites are generally known as eco-friendly, long-lasting, and recyclable materials. This study characterizes cellulosic Helianthus tuberosus L. fiber for polymer-based green composites for the first time. Helianthus tuberosus L. fiber has many advantages as a reinforcement material in polymer-based composites. For example, the high roughness of the fiber surface increases the locking into the composite body. One of the most critical advantages is its high thermal stability temperature of 247.3°C. Other advantages of the Helianthus tuberosus L. fiber are high cellulose content, high crystallinity, and high tensile strength. The hollow fiber structure allows its use in insulation materials. Finally, the high cellulose content of 62.65% supports its usage in various industries, including paper and paperboard manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Dalmis
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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23
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Kar A, Saikia D. Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Calamus tenuis (Jati Bet) cane as a potential reinforcement for polymer composites. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16491. [PMID: 37274658 PMCID: PMC10238902 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the physical, structural, chemical, thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties of the fibers of Calamus tenuis canes and compares the findings with various lignocellulosic fibers to find the place of these fibers as reinforcements for polymer composites. Chemical analysis confirms the presence of 37.43 ± 1.40% cellulose, 31.06 ± 1.03% hemicellulose, and 28.42 ± 0.81% lignin in Calamus tenuis cane fibers, moreover, the presence of these constituents is also confirmed by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopic (FTIR) analysis. The X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis determines the crystallinity index of 37.38 ± 0.27% and the crystallite size of 0.87 ± 0.03 nm of the samples. The thermogravimetric analysis ensures that the Calamus tenuis cane fibers are thermally stable up to 210 ± 5 °C. The Weibull distribution analysis is employed to estimate the tensile properties of Calamus tenuis canes, which reveal a tensile strength of 37.5 ± 2 MPa, Young's modulus of 1.05 ± 0.08 GPa, and an elongation at break of 18.94 ± 4.26%. The roughness of the fibers' outer surface is confirmed by SEM micrographs and AFM analysis, suggesting that it could enhance the adhesion between fibers and matrix during the fabrication of composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup Kar
- Department of Physics, Dibrugarh University, Assam, India
| | - Dip Saikia
- Department of Physics, Digboi College, Digboi, Assam, India
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24
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Li S, Lyu H, Wang Y, Kong X, Wu X, Zhang L, Guo X, Zhang D. Two-Way Reversible Shape Memory Behavior of Chitosan/Glycerol Film Triggered by Water. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102380. [PMID: 37242956 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversible shape memory polymers (SRMPs) have been identified as having great potential for biomedical applications due to their ability to switch between different shapes responding to stimuli. In this paper, a chitosan/glycerol (CS/GL) film with a reversible shape memory behavior was prepared, and the reversible shape memory effect (SME) and its mechanism were systematically investigated. The film with 40% glycerin/chitosan mass ratio demonstrated the best performance, with 95.7% shape recovery ratio to temporary shape one and 89.4% shape recovery ratio to temporary shape two. Moreover, it shows the capability to undergo four consecutive shape memory cycles. In addition, a new curvature measurement method was used to accurately calculate the shape recovery ratio. The suction and discharge of free water change the binding form of the hydrogen bonds inside the material, which makes a great reversible shape memory impact on the composite film. The incorporation of glycerol can enhance the precision and repeatability of the reversible shape memory effect and shortens the time used during this process. This paper gives a hypothetical premise to the preparation of two-way reversible shape memory polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuozi Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hu Lyu
- Institute of Petrochemistry, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xianzhi Kong
- Institute of Petrochemistry, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Xiangxian Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiaojuan Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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25
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Cheikh Rouhou M, Douiri S, Abdelmoumen S, Ghorbal A, Lung A, Raynaud C, Ghorbel D. Green solid-liquid extraction of cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) cladode dietary fibers. I- optimization, pilot-scale production, and characterization. Anal Biochem 2023; 670:115139. [PMID: 37024003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
In this research work, an optimization of an environment friendly extraction method of cactus (Opuntia ficus indica) cladode dietary fibers was conducted. For this purpose, a central composite experimental design with two factors (temperature and time) and five levels was established. The basic objective of this optimization was to maximize fiber yield using hot water as an extraction eco-solvent. The optimum extraction time (330 min) and temperature (100 °C) were determined with a constant medium agitation rate. Additionally, this study also aimed at establishing the validation of the statistical model to carry out the extrapolation of the extraction process at the pilot scale. The fibers extracted at the pilot scale showed yields (45.2 ± 0.01%) in agreement with those obtained through the optimization and validation lab-scale steps (44.97 ± 0.02). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were conducted to investigate the structure and microstructure of pilot scale-produced fibers. FTIR spectrum and XRD pattern were typical to lignocellulosic fibers results. Sharp and thin peaks characteristic of cellulose were detected. Pure and crystallized phases were recorded with a 45% crystallinity index. SEM analysis presented elongated and organized cells with a uniform structure comparable to cellulosic fibers microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Cheikh Rouhou
- University of Carthage, INSAT, Centre Urbain Nord, B.P. 676, 1080, Tunis, Tunisia; University of Sfax, ENIS, LAVASA (LR11ES45), BPW, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Sabrine Douiri
- University of Carthage, INSAT, Centre Urbain Nord, B.P. 676, 1080, Tunis, Tunisia; University of Sfax, ENIS, LAVASA (LR11ES45), BPW, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Souhir Abdelmoumen
- University of Carthage, INSAT, Centre Urbain Nord, B.P. 676, 1080, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ghorbal
- University of Gabes, ISSAT Gabès, Research Unit Advanced Materials, Applied Mechanics, Innovative Processes and Environment, 6029, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Anne Lung
- University of Toulouse, ENSIACET-INP, LCA, B.P. 44362, 31030, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Raynaud
- University of Toulouse, ENSIACET-INP, LCA, B.P. 44362, 31030, Toulouse, France
| | - Dorra Ghorbel
- University of Carthage, INSAT, Centre Urbain Nord, B.P. 676, 1080, Tunis, Tunisia; University of Sfax, ENIS, LAVASA (LR11ES45), BPW, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
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26
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Samant L, Goel A, Mathew J, Jose S, Thomas S. Effect of surface treatment on flax fiber reinforced natural rubber green composite. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lata Samant
- Department of Clothing and Textiles Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar India
| | - Alka Goel
- Department of Clothing and Textiles Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar India
| | - Jessen Mathew
- School of Energy Materials Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam India
| | - Seiko Jose
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam India
- Textile Manufacture and Textile Chemistry Division ICAR – Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute Avikanagar Rajasthan India
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Energy Materials Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam India
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27
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Nanocellulose: A Fundamental Material for Science and Technology Applications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228032. [PMID: 36432134 PMCID: PMC9694617 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, considerable interest has been focused on developing greener and biodegradable materials due to growing environmental concerns. Owing to their low cost, biodegradability, and good mechanical properties, plant fibers have substituted synthetic fibers in the preparation of composites. However, the poor interfacial adhesion due to the hydrophilic nature and high-water absorption limits the use of plant fibers as a reinforcing agent in polymer matrices. The hydrophilic nature of the plant fibers can be overcome by chemical treatments. Cellulose the most abundant natural polymer obtained from sources such as plants, wood, and bacteria has gained wider attention these days. Different methods, such as mechanical, chemical, and chemical treatments in combination with mechanical treatments, have been adopted by researchers for the extraction of cellulose from plants, bacteria, algae, etc. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) have been extracted and used for different applications such as food packaging, water purification, drug delivery, and in composites. In this review, updated information on the methods of isolation of nanocellulose, classification, characterization, and application of nanocellulose has been highlighted. The characteristics and the current status of cellulose-based fiber-reinforced polymer composites in the industry have also been discussed in detail.
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28
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Feng Z, Xu D, Shao Z, Zhu P, Qiu J, Zhu L. Rice straw cellulose microfiber reinforcing PVA composite film of ultraviolet blocking through pre-cross-linking. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 296:119886. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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29
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Extraction and characterization of natural lignocellulosic fibres from Typha angustata grass. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1840-1851. [PMID: 36198366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, efforts have been made to reduce deforestation to conserve the ecosystem. In the current scenario, agro-cultivated products are used instead of wood for engineering applications. Thus, natural lignocellulosic fibres are used as a reinforcing material and have been extremely attractive to industries and the scientific community during the past few decades. This study aimed to examine the use of natural fibres extracted from Typha angustata grass as reinforcement in polymer matrix composites. The density of the fibres was 1.015 g/cc. Chemical analysis confirmed that T. angustata fibres (TAFs) have a cellulose content of 73.54 wt%, a hemicellulose content of 10.11 wt%, a lignin content of 6.23 wt% and a wax content of 0.23 wt%. The crystallinity index (65.16 %) and crystalline size (6.40 nm) were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The presence of functional groups in the TAFs was examined by employing Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The presence of cellulose at peak intensities of C2, C3 and C5 in the TAFs was confirmed using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The single fibre tensile test revealed that the tensile strength was 665 ± 7 MPa and Young's modulus was 27.45 ± 3.46 GPa. The thermal stability of the TAFs was examined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the prominent peak was observed at 298.48 °C, with a kinetic activation energy of 67.99 kJ/mol. The surface roughness of the fibres was analysed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) with an accuracy of 1 nm. The above-mentioned outcomes indicated that the TAFs have desirable properties that are comparable to existing natural fibres and suggested to be utilised as the possible reinforcement to fabricate the fibre-reinforced polymer matrix composites.
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30
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Finite Element Method-Based Spherical Indentation Analysis of Jute/Sisal/Banana-Polypropylene Fiber-Reinforced Composites. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/1668924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Material hardness of natural fiber composites depends upon the orientation of fibers, ratio of fiber to matrix, and their mechanical and physical properties. Experimentally finding the material hardness of composites is an involved task. The present work attempts to explore the deformation mechanism of natural fiber composites subjected to post-yield indentation by a spherical indenter through a two-dimensional finite element analysis. In the present work, jute-polypropylene, sisal-polypropylene, and banana-polypropylene composites are considered. The analysis is attempted by varying the properties of Young’s modulus of fiber and matrix, diameter of fiber, and horizontal and vertical center distance between the fibers. The analyses results showed that as the distance between the fiber’s center increases, the bearing load capacity of all composite increases nonlinearly. The jute fiber composite shows predominate load-carrying capacity compared to other composites at all
ratios and interference ratios. The influence of subsurface stress in lateral direction is minimal and gets reduced as the distance between the fiber centers increases. The variation in diameter of fiber influences significantly, i.e., beyond the
ratio of 1.0; for the same contact load ratio, the bearing area support is double for jute-polypropylene composite compared to sisal-polypropylene composite. Compared to the sisal-polypropylene composite, for the same interference ratio, the load-carrying capacity is two times high for banana-polypropylene composite, whereas four times high for jute-polypropylene composite, but this effect decreases as the
ratio decreases. In all the composites, the subsurface stress gets distributed as the
ratio increases. The ratio of fibers center distance to diameter of fiber influences marginally on the contact load and contact area and significantly on the contact stress for all the fiber-reinforced composites.
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31
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Mudoi MP, Sinha S, Parthasarthy V. Optimizing the alkali treatment of cellulosic Himalayan nettle fibre for reinforcement in polymer composites. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 296:119937. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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32
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Setswalo K, Oladijo OP, Namoshe M, Akinlabi ET, Sanjay MR. The mechanical properties of alkali and laccase treated pterocarpus angolensis (mukwa)-polylactic acid (PLA) composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:398-406. [PMID: 35843393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The desire of producing marketable green bio-composites displaying good functional properties has increased. Biodegradable composites are a subject of interest as they respond to ecological concerns. In this study, an eco-friendly alkali-laccase modification was used to improve the interfacial adhesion of mukwa wood fiber and polylactic acid (PLA) matrix. The untreated and treated mukwa-PLA composites were fabricated via extrusion and compression molding technique and investigated. The mukwa wood fibers and mukwa-PLA composites were characterized by chemical composition, crystallite size, Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR), mechanical properties, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) respectively. The cellulose content was found to increase, while the hemicellulose, lignin, and extractives reduced after the surface modifications. The alkali-laccase, laccase, and alkali modifications increased the tensile strength of the untreated/PLA composites by 12.3 %, 5.2 %, and 3.8 % respectively. The flexural strength of the composites reached a maximum of 95.1 MPa following the alkali-laccase treatment. The alkali-laccase treated composites showed increased impact strength of 53.9 % on the untreated/PLA composites. Good correlations between the crystallite size and the mechanical properties were reported, with the highest R-square (R2) value of 1 found between the impact strength and crystallite size. The modifications strengthened the interaction between mukwa and PLA as more voids, fiber pull-outs, and debonding characteristics were observed on SEM microstructures of untreated/PLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Setswalo
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Energy Engineering, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana.
| | - O P Oladijo
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - M Namoshe
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Energy Engineering, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - E T Akinlabi
- Directorate, Pan African University for Life and Earth Sciences Institute, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - M R Sanjay
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology, North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
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33
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Compressive Properties of Polyurethane Fiber Mattress Filling Material. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12126139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is an inevitable trend toward exploring new, environmentally friendly fibers that can be used as raw material for mattresses with moderate hardness and air-permeable characteristics. Ethylene-propylene side by side (ES), high-shrinkage fibers, and thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE) chips were introduced into polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET)/polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) chip by melt blending to modify PET/PBT fiber. The modified PET/PBT (hereinafter referred to as PLON) is more suitable for mattress filling material than PET/PBT. To explore the compressive properties of PLON cushion made of PLON fiber and expand the scope of the PLON cushion’s application, a layered hardness test, hardness classification test and variance analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the surface hardness, core hardness, bottom hardness and hardness classification of the mattress made of PLON cushion. The conclusions are: (1) The materials of the support layer have a significant effect on the hardness grade S. The hardness of the mattress with PLON as the support layer is between the spring and the coir; (2) when PLON is used as the material of the support layer, it possesses higher supporting force than coir and the characteristics of light weight and high resilience, which coir does not have; it is also softer than a spring mattress. As cushion material, it provides higher support for mattresses than foam. Practical applications, densities and structure were clarified through the above research, with implications for broader applications for PLON blocks in mattress products.
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The effects of different extraction methods on physicochemical, functional and physiological properties of soluble and insoluble dietary fiber from Rubus chingiiHu. fruits. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Olaiya NG, Obaseki OS, Mersal GAM, Ibrahim MM, Hessien MM, Grace OF, Afzal A, Khanam T, Rashedi A. Functional miscibility and thermomechanical properties enhancement of substituted phthalic acetylated modified chitin filler in biopolymer composite. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211411. [PMID: 35706656 PMCID: PMC9156934 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The miscibility between hydrophobic and hydrophilic biopolymers has been of significant challenge. This study used a novel simplified chitin modification method to produce phthalic chitin using phthalic anhydride in a substitution reaction. The FT-IR functional group analysis was used to confirm the substitution reaction. The modified chitin was used as compatibilizer in polylactic acid (PLA)/starch biocomposite to enhance its properties. The biocomposite was prepared using melt extrusion and compression moulding technique. The biocomposite's morphological, thermomechanical and water absorption properties were characterized using scanning electron microscope, tensile test, dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetry analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, thickness swelling and water absorption test. The FT-IR study shows a successful substitution reaction of the amine hydrogen ion present in the chitin as opposed to substituting the hydrogen ion in the hydroxide group. The tensile and impact properties of biocomposite incorporated with modified chitin showed better results compared with other samples. The SEM images showed uniform miscibility of the modified biocomposite. The dynamic mechanical analysis showed improved modulus value with the incorporation of modified chitin. The thermal properties showed improved thermal stability of the modified biocomposite. Furthermore, the percentage of water absorbed by biocomposite with modified chitin is reduced compared with the PLA/starch biocomposite. The produced biodegradable ternary blend can be used as a substitute for plastics in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. G. Olaiya
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Federal University of Technology Akure, PMB 704, Ondo state, Nigeria
| | - O. S. Obaseki
- Department of Physical Sciences, Landmark University, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Gaber A. M. Mersal
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M. Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud M. Hessien
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Asif Afzal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Technology, Glocal University, Delhi-Yamunotri, Marg, SH-57, Mirzapur pole, Saharanpur District, Uttar Pradesh 247121, India
- University Centre for Research and Development, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Taslima Khanam
- College of Engineering, I.T. and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Casuarina, NT 0810, Australia
| | - Ahmad Rashedi
- College of Engineering, I.T. and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Casuarina, NT 0810, Australia
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R A, Mr S, Kushvaha V, Khan A, Seingchin S, Dhakal HN. Modification of Fibres and Matrices in Natural Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Comprehensive Review. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100862. [PMID: 35609116 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Composite materials derived from eco-friendly natural fibres and other biodegradable materials have gained prominence in industrial applications due to their sustainability and reduced greenhouse gas emissions attributes in comparison with conventional reinforcements such as glass and carbon fibres. Application of natural fibre-polymer composites (NFPCs) in different industrial applications provides competitive edge due to its lightweight, higher specific mechanical properties than glass fibres, sustainability and lesser cost involved in production. There are certain challenges associated with natural fibers and its reinforcement in composites such as poor bonding between the fibres and matrix due to its contradictory nature of characteristics, moisture absorption, lower thermal properties and poor interfacial adhesion between the natural fibre and polymer matrix. The challenges involved in NFPCs needs to be overcome to produce materials with relatively equivalent properties to that of conventional compositesand other metallic structures. Several researchers around the globe have conducted investigations with the primary attention being paid to the modification of natural fibers and matrix by employing surface treatments and other chemical treatment methods. In order to address the need for eco-friendly and sustainable materials in different domains, a comprehensive review on natural fibers and its sources, available matrix materials, modification techniques, mechanical and thermal properties of NFPCs is needed for better understanding of behavior of NFPCs.This work provides the information and wholistic view of natural fibre reinforced composites based on the results obtained from modification techniques,with the view of focusing the review in terms of different chemical and physical treatment techniques, modification of fibers and matrix and enhanced mechanical and thermal properties in the composites. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- ArunRamnath R
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sanjay Mr
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vinod Kushvaha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, India
| | - Anish Khan
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suchart Seingchin
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hom N Dhakal
- Advanced Polymers and Composites (APC) Research Group, School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3DJ, UK
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Synthesis and Characterization of Banana and Pineapple Reinforced Hybrid Polymer Composite for Reducing Environmental Pollution. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:6344179. [PMID: 35601028 PMCID: PMC9117074 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6344179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonbiodegradable polymers constitute major pollution and their usage cannot be ignored due to their properties. Hybrid polymer composite research has increased in recent times due to improved characteristics and biodegradable nature. The effect of different stacking sequences containing pineapple/banana/basalt fiber has been studied in the present work to reduce the usage of synthetic fibers without compromising on properties. Hybrid composites were manufactured using the hand layup method and were assessed for mechanical and morphological characteristics. The results showed that several properties improved by keeping the pineapple layer in the skin layer. The adhesion between the matrix and the fiber played a vital role in determining the properties of the composites manufactured. Morphological studies have concluded that the proper bonding between the matrix and the fiber has enhanced several properties.
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Zhao R, Wang Y, An Y, Yang L, Sun Q, Ma J, Zheng H. Chitin-biocalcium as a novel superior composite for ciprofloxacin removal: Synergism of adsorption and flocculation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:126917. [PMID: 34464865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous present antibiotics in aquatic environment is attracting increasing concern due to the dual problems of bioaccumulation toxicity and antibiotic resistance. In this study, a low-cost chitin-biocalcium (CC) composite was developed by a facile alkali activation process from shell waste for typical antibiotics ciprofloxacin (CIP) removal. Response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to optimize synthesis methodology. The optimized CC products featured superior CIP removal capacity of 2432 mg/g at 25 °C (adsorption combined with flocculation), rapid adsorption kinetics, high removal efficiency (95.58%) and wide pH adaptability (under pH range 4.0-10.0). The functional groups in chitin and high content of biocalcium (Ca2+) endowed CC abundant active sites. The kinetic experimental data was fitted well by pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion model at different concentrations, revealing the removal was controlled by chemisorption and mass transport step. From the macroscopic aspect, flocs were produced with the increase of CIP concentration during the reaction, adsorption combined with flocculation were related to the CIP removal. From the microcosmic aspect, the superior removal performance was attributed to cation bridging, cation complexation among biocalcium-CIP and hydrogen bond between functional groups of chitin and CIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Yanyan An
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China.
| | - Liuwei Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Jiangya Ma
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, China
| | - Huaili Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China.
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Sathish T, Mohanavel V, Velmurugan P, Saravanan R, Raja T, Ravichandran M, Alonazi WB, Sureshkumar S, Gebrekidan AM. Investigating Influences of Synthesizing Eco-Friendly Waste-Coir-Fiber Nanofiller-Based Ramie and Abaca Natural Fiber Composite Parameters on Mechanical Properties. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:6557817. [PMID: 35154295 PMCID: PMC8837429 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6557817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clean technology-based natural fiber composite fabrication is the prime aim of this piece of research. Natural fibers highly replace metal usage in industries and automobile, marine, medical applications, and so on. Vast amounts of natural fibers are freely available in all areas. In this research, work nanofiller material such as nano form waste coir fiber is collected from used car seat. The 10 wt.% of nanofiller material is added to the preparation of natural nanocomposites (ramie and abaca fiber). Hybrid composites are fabricated with the influence of different process parameters, namely, fiber weight percentage (20 wt.%, 30 wt.%, 40 wt.%, and 50 wt.%), NaOH action % (4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%), compression pressure (9 MPa, 12 MPa, 15 MPa, and 18 MPa), and temperature (100°C, 120°C, 140°C, and 160°C). Furthermore, the strength of this hybrid composite has analyzed by conducting flexural, impact, and shore hardness tests. These tests have provided the influence of selected parameters and their effects on the results of experimental work. In the flexural analysis, 6% of NaOH action has offered maximum flexural strength of the specimens. Correspondingly in the impact test, 30 wt.% of fiber is produced higher impact strength. Finally, applying 15 Mpa of compression pressure records the maximum shore hardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Sathish
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinayagam Mohanavel
- Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Selaiyur, Chennai 600073, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palanivel Velmurugan
- Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Selaiyur, Chennai 600073, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. Saravanan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T. Raja
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600062, India
| | - M. Ravichandran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. Ramakrishnan College of Engineering, Trichy 621112, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Wadi B. Alonazi
- Health Administration Department, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, PO Box 71115, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shanmugam Sureshkumar
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, 119,Dandae-ro, Cheonan,31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Atkilt Mulu Gebrekidan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Arba Minch Institute of Technology (AMIT), Arba Minch University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Rangappa SM, Parameswaranpillai J, Siengchin S, Jawaid M, Ozbakkaloglu T. Bioepoxy based hybrid composites from nano-fillers of chicken feather and lignocellulose Ceiba Pentandra. Sci Rep 2022. [PMID: 35013525 DOI: 10.1002/pc.26413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, fillers of waste chicken feather and abundantly available lignocellulose Ceiba Pentandra bark fibers were used as reinforcement with Biopoxy matrix to produce the sustainable composites. The aim of this work was to evaluate the mechanical, thermal, dimensional stability, and morphological performance of waste chicken feather fiber/Ceiba Pentandra bark fiber filler as potential reinforcement in carbon fabric-layered bioepoxy hybrid composites intended for engineering applications. These composites were prepared by a simple, low cost and user-friendly fabrication methods. The mechanical (tensile, flexural, impact, hardness), dimensional stability, thermal stability, and morphological properties of composites were characterized. The Ceiba Pentandra bark fiber filler-reinforced carbon fabric-layered bioepoxy hybrid composites display better mechanical performance compared to chicken feather fiber/Ceiba Pentandra bark fiber reinforced carbon fabrics layered bioepoxy hybrid composites. The Scanning electron micrographs indicated that the composites exhibited good adhesion at the interface of the reinforcement material and matrix system. The thermogravimetric studies revealed that the composites possess multiple degradation steps, however, they are stable up to 300 °C. The thermos-mechanical studies showed good dimensional stability of the composites. Both studied composites display better thermal and mechanical performance compared to neat bioepoxy or non-bioepoxy thermosets and are suitable for semi-structural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | | | - Suchart Siengchin
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Mohammad Jawaid
- Department of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Togay Ozbakkaloglu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
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41
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Effect and optimization of NaOH combined with Fenton pretreatment conditions on enzymatic hydrolysis of poplar sawdust. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01887-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wu S, Zhang J, Li C, Wang F, Shi L, Tao M, Weng B, Yan B, Guo Y, Chen Y. Characterization of potential cellulose fiber from cattail fiber: A study on micro/nano structure and other properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:27-37. [PMID: 34687763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Exploration of the application prospects of cattail fibers (CFs) in natural composites, and other fields is important for the sustainable development of new, green, light-weight, functional biomass materials. In this study, the physical and chemical properties, micro/nano structure, and mechanical characteristics of CFs were investigated. The CFs have a low density (618.0 kg m-3). The results of transmission electron microscopy and tensile testing data indicated that the cattail trunk fiber (CTF) bundle is composed of parenchyma cells and solid stone cells, demonstrating high specific modulus (10.1 MPa∙m3·kg-1) and high elongation at break (3.9%). In turn, the cattail branch fiber (CBF) bundle is composed of parenchyma cells with specific "half-honeycomb" shape. The inner diaphragms divide these cells into the open cavities. This structural feature endows the CTF bundles with stable structure, good oil absorption and storage capacities. The chemical component and the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses show that the CFs have higher lignin content (20.6%) and wax content (11.5%), which are conducive to the improvement of corrosion resistance, thermal stability and lipophilic-hydrophobic property of CF. Finally, the thermogravimetric analysis indicates that its final degradation temperature is 404.5 °C, which is beneficial to the increase in processability of CFs-reinforced composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wu
- College of Forest and Garden, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- College of Forest and Garden, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chuangye Li
- College of Forest and Garden, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Fuli Wang
- College of Forest and Garden, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lanlan Shi
- College of Forest and Garden, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mengxue Tao
- College of Forest and Garden, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Beibei Weng
- College of Forest and Garden, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Bin Yan
- College of Forest and Garden, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yong Guo
- College of Forest and Garden, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Yuxia Chen
- College of Forest and Garden, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Karimah A, Ridho MR, Munawar SS, Ismadi, Amin Y, Damayanti R, Lubis MAR, Wulandari AP, Nurindah, Iswanto AH, Fudholi A, Asrofi M, Saedah E, Sari NH, Pratama BR, Fatriasari W, Nawawi DS, Rangappa SM, Siengchin S. A Comprehensive Review on Natural Fibers: Technological and Socio-Economical Aspects. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4280. [PMID: 34960839 PMCID: PMC8707527 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Asian countries have abundant resources of natural fibers, but unfortunately, they have not been optimally utilized. The facts showed that from 2014 to 2020, there was a shortfall in meeting national demand of over USD 2.75 million per year. Therefore, in order to develop the utilization and improve the economic potential as well as the sustainability of natural fibers, a comprehensive review is required. The study aimed to demonstrate the availability, technological processing, and socio-economical aspects of natural fibers. Although many studies have been conducted on this material, it is necessary to revisit their potential from those perspectives to maximize their use. The renewability and biodegradability of natural fiber are part of the fascinating properties that lead to their prospective use in automotive, aerospace industries, structural and building constructions, bio packaging, textiles, biomedical applications, and military vehicles. To increase the range of applications, relevant technologies in conjunction with social approaches are very important. Hence, in the future, the utilization can be expanded in many fields by considering the basic characteristics and appropriate technologies of the natural fibers. Selecting the most prospective natural fiber for creating national products can be assisted by providing an integrated management system from a digitalized information on potential and related technological approaches. To make it happens, collaborations between stakeholders from the national R&D agency, the government as policy maker, and academic institutions to develop national bioproducts based on domestic innovation in order to move the circular economy forward are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizatul Karimah
- Research Center for Biomaterials, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; (A.K.); (M.R.R.); (S.S.M.); (I.); (Y.A.); (M.A.R.L.)
| | - Muhammad Rasyidur Ridho
- Research Center for Biomaterials, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; (A.K.); (M.R.R.); (S.S.M.); (I.); (Y.A.); (M.A.R.L.)
| | - Sasa Sofyan Munawar
- Research Center for Biomaterials, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; (A.K.); (M.R.R.); (S.S.M.); (I.); (Y.A.); (M.A.R.L.)
| | - Ismadi
- Research Center for Biomaterials, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; (A.K.); (M.R.R.); (S.S.M.); (I.); (Y.A.); (M.A.R.L.)
| | - Yusup Amin
- Research Center for Biomaterials, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; (A.K.); (M.R.R.); (S.S.M.); (I.); (Y.A.); (M.A.R.L.)
| | - Ratih Damayanti
- Forest Products Research and Development Center, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Bogor 16610, Indonesia;
| | - Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis
- Research Center for Biomaterials, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; (A.K.); (M.R.R.); (S.S.M.); (I.); (Y.A.); (M.A.R.L.)
| | - Asri Peni Wulandari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, University of Padjajaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Nurindah
- Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Institute (ISFCRI), Ministry of Agriculture, Malang 65152, Indonesia;
| | - Apri Heri Iswanto
- Department of Forest Product, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
- JATI-Sumatran Forestry Analysis Study Center, Jl. Tridarma Ujung No. 1, Kampus USU, Medan 20155, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Fudholi
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia;
- Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan LIPI Cisitu, Bandung 40135, Indonesia
| | - Mochamad Asrofi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kampus Tegalboto, University of Jember, Jember 68121, Indonesia;
- Center for Development of Advanced Science and Technology (CDAST), Advanced Materials Research Group, Kampus Tegalboto, University of Jember, Jember 68121, Indonesia
| | - Euis Saedah
- Indonesia Natural Fiber Council (DSI), Gedung Smesco/SME Tower Lt. G (APINDO UMKM Hub), Jl Gatot Subroto Kav. 94 Pancoran, Jakarta Selatan 12780, Indonesia;
| | - Nasmi Herlina Sari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mataram, Mataram 001016, Indonesia;
| | - Bayu Rizky Pratama
- The Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10903, Thailand;
| | - Widya Fatriasari
- Research Center for Biomaterials, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; (A.K.); (M.R.R.); (S.S.M.); (I.); (Y.A.); (M.A.R.L.)
| | - Deded Sarip Nawawi
- Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand;
| | - Suchart Siengchin
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand;
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Diyana ZN, Jumaidin R, Selamat MZ, Alamjuri RH, Md Yusof FA. Extraction and Characterization of Natural Cellulosic Fiber from Pandanus amaryllifolius Leaves. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234171. [PMID: 34883674 PMCID: PMC8659821 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pandanus amaryllifolius is a member of Pandanaceae family and is abundant in south-east Asian countries including Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia and India. In this study, Pandanus amaryllifolius fibres were extracted via a water retting extraction process and were investigated as potential fibre reinforcement in polymer composite. Several tests were carried out to investigate the characterization of Pandanus amaryllifolius fibre such as chemical composition analysis which revealed Pandanus amaryllifolius fibre’s cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content of 48.79%, 19.95% and 18.64% respectively. Material functional groups were analysed by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis confirming the presence of cellulose and amorphous substances in the fibre. The morphology of extracted Pandanus amaryllifolius fibre was studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Further mechanical behaviour of fibre was investigated using a single fibre test with 5 kN cell load and tensile strength was found to be 45.61 ± 16.09 MPa for an average fibre diameter of 368.57 ± 50.47 μm. Meanwhile, moisture content analysis indicated a 6.00% moisture absorption rate of Pandanus amaryllifolius fibre. The thermogravimetric analysis justified the thermal stability of Pandanus amaryllifolius fibre up to 210 °C, which is within polymerization process temperature conditions. Overall, the finding shows that Pandanus amaryllifolius fibre may be used as alternative reinforcement particularly for a bio-based polymer matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. N. Diyana
- Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal, Melaka 76100, Malacca, Malaysia; (Z.N.D.); (M.Z.S.)
| | - R. Jumaidin
- Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal, Melaka 76100, Malacca, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (R.J.); (R.H.A.)
| | - M. Z. Selamat
- Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal, Melaka 76100, Malacca, Malaysia; (Z.N.D.); (M.Z.S.)
| | - R. H. Alamjuri
- Faculty of Tropical Forestry, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (R.J.); (R.H.A.)
| | - Fahmi Asyadi Md Yusof
- Malaysian Institute of Chemical & Bioengineering Technology (UniKL MICET), Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Taboh Naning, Alor Gajah, Melaka 78000, Malacca, Malaysia;
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Hakim L, Widyorini R, Nugroho WD, Prayitno TA. Performance of Citric Acid-Bonded Oriented Board from Modified Fibrovascular Bundle of Salacca ( Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss) Frond. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234090. [PMID: 34883593 PMCID: PMC8658875 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibrovascular bundle (FVB) in palm plants consists of fiber and vascular tissue. Geometrically, it is a long fiber that can be used as an oriented board raw material. This research aimed to examine the performance of citric acid-bonded orientation boards from modified FVB salacca frond under NaOH + Na2SO3 treatment and the bonding mechanism between the modified FVB frond and citric acid. The results showed that changes in the chemical composition of FVB have a positive effect on the contact angle and increase the cellulose crystallinity index. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the oriented board showed that 1% NaOH + 0.2% Na2SO3 with 60 min immersion has a higher value compared to other treatments. The best dimension stability was on a board with the modified FVB of 1% NaOH + 0.2% Na2SO3 with 30 and 60 min immersion. The bonding mechanism evaluated by FTIR spectra also showed that there is a reaction between the hydroxyl group in the modified FVB and the carboxyl group in citric acid. This showed that the modified combination treatment of NaOH+Na2SO3 succeeded in increasing the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of the orientation board from the FVB salacca frond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luthfi Hakim
- Department of Forest Product Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Tri Dharma Ujung No. 1, Medan 20155, Indonesia
- JATI-Sumatran Forestry Study Analysis Center, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl Tri Dharma Ujung No. 1, Medan 20155, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ragil Widyorini
- Department of Forest Product Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro No. 1, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (R.W.); (W.D.N.); (T.A.P.)
| | - Widyanto Dwi Nugroho
- Department of Forest Product Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro No. 1, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (R.W.); (W.D.N.); (T.A.P.)
| | - Tibertius Agus Prayitno
- Department of Forest Product Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro No. 1, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (R.W.); (W.D.N.); (T.A.P.)
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Momeni S, Safder M, Khondoker MAH, Elias AL. Valorization of Hemp Hurds as Bio-Sourced Additives in PLA-Based Biocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213786. [PMID: 34771343 PMCID: PMC8587083 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sourced from agricultural waste, hemp hurds are a low-cost renewable material with high stiffness; however, despite their potential to be used as low-cost filler in natural fiber reinforced polymer biocomposites, they are often discarded. In this study, the potential to add value to hemp hurds by incorporating them into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biopolymer to form bio-based materials for packaging applications is investigated. However, as with many plant fibers, the inherent hydrophilicity of hemp hurds leads to inferior filler-matrix interfacial interactions, compromising the mechanical properties of the resulting biocomposites. In this study, two chemical treatments, alkaline (NaOH) and alkaline/peroxide (NaOH/H2O2) were employed to treat hemp hurds to improve their miscibility with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) for the formation of biocomposites. The effects of reinforcement content (5, 10, and 15 wt. %), chemical treatments (purely alkaline vs. alkaline/peroxide) and treatment cycles (1 and 3 cycles) on the mechanical and thermal properties of the biocomposites were investigated. The biocomposites of treated hemp hurd powder exhibited enhanced thermal stability in the temperature range commonly used to process PLA (130–180 °C). The biocomposites containing 15 wt. % hemp hurd powder prepared using a single-cycle alkaline/peroxide treatment (PLA/15APHH1) exhibited a Young’s modulus of 2674 MPa, which is 70% higher than that of neat PLA and 9.3% higher than that of biocomposites comprised of PLA containing the same wt. % of untreated hemp hurd powder (PLA/15UHH). Furthermore, the tensile strength of the PLA/15APHH1 biocomposite was found to be 62.6 MPa, which was 6.5% lower than that of neat PLA and 23% higher than that of the PLA/15UHH sample. The results suggest that the fabricated PLA/hemp hurd powder biocomposites have great potential to be utilized in green and sustainable packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Momeni
- Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada; (S.M.); (M.S.); (M.A.H.K.)
| | - Muhammad Safder
- Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada; (S.M.); (M.S.); (M.A.H.K.)
| | - Mohammad Abu Hasan Khondoker
- Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada; (S.M.); (M.S.); (M.A.H.K.)
- Industrial Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Anastasia Leila Elias
- Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada; (S.M.); (M.S.); (M.A.H.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Soma Sundaram Pillai R, Rajamoni R, Suyambulingam I, Rajamony Suthies Goldy I, Divakaran D. Synthesis and characterization of cost-effective industrial discarded natural ceramic particulates from Cymbopogon flexuosus plant shoot for potential polymer/metal matrix reinforcement. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03913-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wu S, Zhao J, Guo M, Zhuang J, Wu Q. Effect of Fiber Shape on the Tribological, Mechanical, and Morphological Behaviors of Sisal Fiber-Reinforced Resin-Based Friction Materials: Helical, Undulated, and Straight Shapes. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14185410. [PMID: 34576632 PMCID: PMC8471950 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we aim to evaluate the tribological, mechanical, and morphological performance of resin-based friction composites reinforced by sisal fibers with different shapes, namely helical, undulated, and straight shapes. The experimental results show that the shape of the sisal fibers exerts a significant effect on the impact property of the composite materials but no obvious influence on the density and hardness. The friction composite containing the helical-shaped sisal fibers exhibits the best overall tribological behaviors, with a relatively low fade (9.26%), high recovery (98.65%), and good wear resistance (2.061 × 10−7 cm3∙N−1∙m−1) compared with the other two composites containing undulated-shaped fibers and straight-shaped fibers. The impact fracture surfaces and worn surfaces of the composite materials were inspected by scanning electron microscopy, and we demonstrate that adding helical-shaped sisal fibers into the polymer composites provides an enhanced fiber–matrix interface adhesion condition and reduces the extent of fiber debonding and pullout, effectively facilitating the presence of more secondary plateaus on the friction surface, which are responsible for the enhanced tribological and mechanical properties. The outcome of this study reveals that sisal fibers with a helical shape could be a promising candidate as a reinforcement material for resin-based brake friction composite applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; (S.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiale Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; (S.W.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (M.G.); Tel.: +86-188-431-65417 (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-185-043-11293 (M.G.)
| | - Mingzhuo Guo
- School of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China;
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (M.G.); Tel.: +86-188-431-65417 (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-185-043-11293 (M.G.)
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; (S.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Qian Wu
- School of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China;
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Koschevic MT, Araújo RP, Garcia VA, Fakhouri FM, Oliveira KMP, Arruda EJ, Dufresne A, Martelli SM. Antimicrobial activity of bleached cattail fibers (
Typha domingensis
) impregnated with silver nanoparticles and benzalkonium chloride. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marivane Turim Koschevic
- Environmental Science and Technology, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology Federal University of Grande Dourados Dourados Brazil
| | - Renata Pires Araújo
- Environmental Science and Technology, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology Federal University of Grande Dourados Dourados Brazil
| | | | - Farayde Matta Fakhouri
- Faculty of Engineering Federal University of Grande Dourados Dourados Brazil
- Poly 2 Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya (UPC BarcelonaTech) Terrassa Spain
| | - Kelly Mari Pires Oliveira
- Environmental Science and Technology, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology Federal University of Grande Dourados Dourados Brazil
| | - Eduardo José Arruda
- Environmental Science and Technology, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology Federal University of Grande Dourados Dourados Brazil
| | - Alain Dufresne
- Grenoble INP, LGP2 University Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
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Fauzi MARD, Pudjiastuti P, Wibowo AC, Hendradi E. Preparation, Properties and Potential of Carrageenan-Based Hard Capsules for Replacing Gelatine: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2666. [PMID: 34451207 PMCID: PMC8400433 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intense efforts to develop alternative materials for gelatine as a drug-delivery system are progressing at a high rate. Some of the materials developed are hard capsules made from alginate, carrageenan, hypromellose and cellulose. However, there are still some disadvantages that must be minimised or eliminated for future use in drug-delivery systems. This review attempts to review the preparation and potential of seaweed-based, specifically carrageenan, hard capsules, summarise their properties and highlight their potential as an optional main component of hard capsules in a drug-delivery system. The characterisation methods reviewed were dimensional analysis, water and ash content, microbial activity, viscosity analysis, mechanical analysis, scanning electron microscopy, swelling degree analysis, gel permeation chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis. The release kinetics of the capsule is highlighted as well. This review is expected to provide insights for new researchers developing innovative products from carrageenan-based hard capsules, which will support the development goals of the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pratiwi Pudjiastuti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia;
| | - Arief Cahyo Wibowo
- Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia;
| | - Esti Hendradi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia;
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