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Li Q, Yu H, Li Q. Dual sgRNA-directed tyrosinases knockout using CRISPR/Cas9 technology in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) reveals their roles in early shell calcification. Gene 2024; 927:148748. [PMID: 38969245 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Biomineralization processes in bivalves, particularly the initial production of molecular components (such as matrix deposition and calcification) in the early stages of shell development are highly complex and well-organized. This study investigated the temporal dynamics of organic matrix and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) deposition in Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) across various development stages. The shell-field initiated matrix secretion during the gastrula stage. Subsequent larval development triggered central shell-field calcification, accompanied by expansion of the calcium ring from its interior to the periphery. Notably, the expression patterns of CgTyrp-2 and CgTyr closely correlated with matrix deposition and calcification during early developmental stages, with peak expression occurring in oyster's gastrula and D-veliger stages. Subsequently, the CRISPR/Cas9 system was utilized to knock out CgTyrp-2 and CgTyr with more distinct phenotypic alterations observed when both genes were concurrently knocked out. The relative gene expression was analyzed post-knockout, indicating that the knockout of CgTyr or CgTyrp-2 led to reduced expression of CgChs1, along with increased expression of CgChit4. Furthermore, when dual-sgRNAs were employed to knockout CgTyrp-2, a large deletion (2 kb) within the CgTyrp-2 gene was identified. In summary, early shell formation in C. gigas is the result of a complex interplay of multiple molecular components with CgTyrp-2 and CgTyr playing key roles in regulating CaCO3 deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Min Y, Li Q, Yu H, Du S. Examination of wnt signaling mediated melanin transport and shell color formation in Pacific oyster ( Crassostrea gigas). MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 6:488-501. [PMID: 39219677 PMCID: PMC11358575 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-024-00221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Mollusca exhibit remarkable diversity in shell coloration, attributed to the presence of melanin, a widely distributed pigment with various essential roles, such as mechanical strengthening, antioxidation and thermoregulation. However, the regulatory network governing melanogenesis and melanin transport in molluscs remains poorly understood. In this study, we conducted a systematic analysis of melanin distribution and transport in the Pacific oyster, utilizing light microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. In addition, we characterized CgWnt1 and CgWnt2b-a in Crassostrea gigas, and analyzed Wnt signaling in melanocyte formation. Expression analysis revealed that these genes were predominantly expressed in the mantle of black-shelled individuals, particularly in the outer fold of the mantle. Furthermore, we employed RNA interference and inhibitors to specifically inhibit Wnt signaling in both in vivo and in vitro. The results revealed impaired melanogenesis and diminished tyrosinase activity upon Wnt signaling inhibition. These findings suggest the crucial role of Wnt ligands and downstream factors in melanogenesis. In summary, our study provides valuable insights into the regulatory mechanism of shell pigmentation in C. gigas. By demonstrating the promotion of melanogenesis through Wnt signaling modulation, we contribute to a better understanding of the complex processes underlying molluscan melanin production and shell coloration. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-024-00221-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Min
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Hong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Shaojun Du
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21240 USA
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Anjos C, Duarte D, Fatsini E, Matias D, Cabrita E. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals molecular damage associated with cryopreservation in Crassostrea angulata D-larvae rather than to cryoprotectant exposure. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:591. [PMID: 38867206 PMCID: PMC11167747 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Portuguese oyster Crassostrea angulata, a bivalve of significant economic and ecological importance, has faced a decline in both production and natural populations due to pathologies, climate change, and anthropogenic factors. To safeguard its genetic diversity and improve reproductive management, cryopreservation emerges as a valuable strategy. However, the cryopreservation methodologies lead to some damage in structures and functions of the cells and tissues that can affect post-thaw quality. Transcriptomics may help to understand the molecular consequences related to cryopreservation steps and therefore to identify different freezability biomarkers. This study investigates the molecular damage induced by cryopreservation in C. angulata D-larvae, focusing on two critical steps: exposure to cryoprotectant solution and the freezing/thawing process. RESULTS Expression analysis revealed 3 differentially expressed genes between larvae exposed to cryoprotectant solution and fresh larvae and 611 differentially expressed genes in cryopreserved larvae against fresh larvae. The most significantly enriched gene ontology terms were "carbohydrate metabolic process", "integral component of membrane" and "chitin binding" for biological processes, cellular components and molecular functions, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis identified the "neuroactive ligand receptor interaction", "endocytosis" and "spliceosome" as the most enriched pathways. RNA sequencing results were validate by quantitative RT-PCR, once both techniques presented the same gene expression tendency and a group of 11 genes were considered important molecular biomarkers to be used in further studies for the evaluation of cryodamage. CONCLUSIONS The current work provided valuable insights into the molecular repercussions of cryopreservation on D-larvae of Crassostrea angulata, revealing that the freezing process had a more pronounced impact on larval quality compared to any potential cryoprotectant-induced toxicity. Additionally, was identify 11 genes serving as biomarkers of freezability for D-larvae quality assessment. This research contributes to the development of more effective cryopreservation protocols and detection methods for cryodamage in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Anjos
- Centre of Marine Sciences-CCMAR/CIMAR.LA, University of Algarve, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
- Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere-IPMA, Av. 5 de Outubro, Olhão, 8700-305, Portugal
| | - Daniel Duarte
- Centre of Marine Sciences-CCMAR/CIMAR.LA, University of Algarve, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Elvira Fatsini
- Centre of Marine Sciences-CCMAR/CIMAR.LA, University of Algarve, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Domitília Matias
- Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere-IPMA, Av. 5 de Outubro, Olhão, 8700-305, Portugal
| | - Elsa Cabrita
- Centre of Marine Sciences-CCMAR/CIMAR.LA, University of Algarve, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal.
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Min Y, Li Q, Yu H, Kong L, Liu S. Comparative transcriptome elucidates key genes and pathways related to golden phenotype of Crassostrea gigas. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 49:101197. [PMID: 38295536 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Marine bivalves are economically important and exhibit a remarkable diversity in shell color. The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas stands out as an important economic species, with the successful development of four distinct color strains through selective breeding. While previous studies have shed light on the genetic mechanism underlying color segregation, the precise molecular regulatory mechanisms responsible for shell coloration in oysters remains elusive. In this study, we confirmed that the golden phenotype is primarily attributed to pheomelanin by histological and ultrastructural observations. Additionally, we conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis of the black and golden shell color oysters to explore the potential genes and pathways contributing to the golden phenotype in C. gigas. Our results revealed a significant increase in differentially expressed genes in the golden phenotype associated with pathways such as glutathione metabolism, and calcium signaling pathway, suggesting a potential role in the synthesis of pheomelanin. Of particular note, we highlighted the potential role of two-pore channel 2 (TPC2) in modulating tyrosinase activity and melanosomal pH, ultimately determining the shade of pigmentation. Our study in this work provided a preliminary exploration of the mechanism, shedding light on the melanosome microenvironment and shell color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Min
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Hong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lingfeng Kong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shikai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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Liu X, Tian G, Hou Y, Zhang Q, Li X, Zuo S, Zhu B, Sang Y. Monosaccharide-induced glycation enhances gelation and physicochemical properties of myofibrillar protein from oyster (Crassostrea gigas). Food Chem 2023; 428:136795. [PMID: 37450954 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Glycation offers a promising potential to improve protein gelling properties in food industries. Therefore, the study was aimed to illustrate the effect of five monosaccharides (erythrose-aldotetrose, xylose-aldopentose, glucose-aldohexose, galactose-aldohexose, and fructose-ketohexose) with different carbon numbers and structure on the structure-gelling relationship of myofibrillar protein (MP) from oyster (Crassostrea gigas). Results showed that monosaccharides significantly increased the glycation degree of MP by increasing sulfhydryl content, forming stable tertiary conformation and decreasing surface hydrophobicity. Moreover, the gel properties of MP like gel strength, water holding capacity, water mobility were improved by alleviating aggregation including the increase of solubility and the decrease of particle sizes. Oyster MP glycated by glucose (aldohexose) possessed the optimal gel properties. Molecular docking simulation showed that hydrogen bonds and hydrocarbon bonds were the mainly non-covalent binding modes. The study will provide a theoretical basis for oyster protein glycation and expand its application on food gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Guifang Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.
| | - Yakun Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shuojing Zuo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China.
| | - Yaxin Sang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.
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Zhang Y, Nie H, Yin Z, Yan X. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed dynamic changes of distinct classes of genes during development of the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum). BMC Genomics 2022; 23:676. [PMID: 36175832 PMCID: PMC9524096 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08813-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Manila clam Ruditapesphilippinarum is one of the most economically important marine shellfish. However, the molecular mechanisms of early development in Manila clams are largely unknown. In this study, we collected samples from 13 stages of early development in Manila clam and compared the mRNA expression pattern between samples by RNA-seq techniques. Results We applied RNA-seq technology to 13 embryonic and larval stages of the Manila clam to identify critical genes and pathways involved in their development and biological characteristics. Important genes associated with different morphologies during the early fertilized egg, cell division, cell differentiation, hatching, and metamorphosis stages were identified. We detected the highest number of differentially expressed genes in the comparison of the pediveliger and single pipe juvenile stages, which is a time when biological characteristics greatly change during metamorphosis. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that expression levels of microtubule protein-related molecules and Rho genes were upregulated and that GO terms such as ribosome, translation, and organelle were enriched in the early development stages of the Manila clam. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that the foxo, wnt, and transforming growth factor-beta pathways were significantly enriched during early development. These results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms at work during different periods of early development of Manila clams. Conclusion These transcriptomic data provide clues to the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of Manila clam larvae. These results will help to improve Manila clam reproduction and development. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08813-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Zhang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 116023, Dalian, China.,Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Hongtao Nie
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 116023, Dalian, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 116023, Dalian, China.
| | - Zhihui Yin
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 116023, Dalian, China.,Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Xiwu Yan
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 116023, Dalian, China.,Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 116023, Dalian, China
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Min Y, Li Q, Yu H. Heme-Peroxidase 2 Modulated by POU2F1 and SOX5 is Involved in Pigmentation in Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas). MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:263-275. [PMID: 35275290 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10098-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Color polymorphism is frequently observed in molluscan shellfish, while the molecular regulation of shell pigmentation is not well understood. Peroxidase is a key enzyme involved in melanogenesis. Here, we identified a heme-peroxidase 2 gene (CgHPX2), and characterized the expression patterns and transcriptional regulation of CgHPX2 in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Tissues expression analysis showed that CgHPX2 was a mantle-specific gene and primarily expressed in the edge mantle in black shell color oyster compared with white shell oyster. In situ hybridization showed that strong signals for CgHPX2 were detected in the both inner and outer surface of the outer fold of mantle in the black shell color oyster, whereas positive signals in white shell oyster were mainly localized in the outer surface of the outer fold of mantle. In the embryos and larvae, a high expression level of CgHPX2 was detected in the trochophore stage in both black and white shell color oysters. The temporal localization of CgHPX2 was mainly detected in the shell gland and edge mantle of trochophore and calcified shell larvae, respectively. In addition, a 2227 bp of 5' flanking region sequence of CgHPX2 was cloned, which contained a presumed core promoter region and many potential transcription factor binding sites. Further luciferase assay experiment confirmed that POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 1 (POU2F1), and SRY-box transcription factor 5 (SOX5) were involved in transcriptional regulation of CgHPX2 gene through binding to its specific promoter region. After CgPOU2F1 and CgSOX5 RNA interference, the CgHPX2 gene expression was significantly decreased. These results suggested that CgPOU2F1 and CgSOX5 might be two important transcription factors that positively regulated the expression of CgHPX2 gene, improving our understanding of the transcriptional regulation of molluscan shell pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Min
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Hong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
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Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization and Expression Profiling of myosin Family Genes in Sebastes schlegelii. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060808. [PMID: 34070681 PMCID: PMC8228858 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosins are important eukaryotic motor proteins that bind actin and utilize the energy of ATP hydrolysis to perform a broad range of functions such as muscle contraction, cell migration, cytokinesis, and intracellular trafficking. However, the characterization and function of myosin is poorly studied in teleost fish. In this study, we identified 60 myosin family genes in a marine teleost, black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii), and further characterized their expression patterns. myosin showed divergent expression patterns in adult tissues, indicating they are involved in different types and compositions of muscle fibers. Among 12 subfamilies, S. schlegelii myo2 subfamily was significantly expanded, which was driven by tandem duplication events. The up-regulation of five representative genes of myo2 in the skeletal muscle during fast-growth stages of juvenile and adult S. schlegelii revealed their active role in skeletal muscle fiber synthesis. Moreover, the expression regulation of myosin during the process of myoblast differentiation in vitro suggested that they contribute to skeletal muscle growth by involvement of both myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Taken together, our work characterized myosin genes systemically and demonstrated their diverse functions in a marine teleost species. This lays foundation for the further studies of muscle growth regulation and molecular mechanisms of indeterminate skeletal muscle growth of large teleost fishes.
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