1
|
Luo N, Ge H, Liu X, He Q, Wang W, Ma W, Guo F. Assembly of Chitosan/Caragana Fibers to Construct an Underwater Superelastic 2D Layer-Supported 3D Architecture for Rapid Congo Red Removal. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1510. [PMID: 39330667 PMCID: PMC11435052 DOI: 10.3390/nano14181510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2024] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Developing environmentally friendly bulk materials capable of easily and thoroughly removing trace amounts of dye pollutants from water to rapidly obtain clean water has always been a goal pursued by researchers. Herein, a green material with a 3D architecture and with strong underwater rebounding and fatigue resistance ability was prepared by means of the assembly of biopolymer chitosan (CS) and natural caraganate fibers (CKFs) under freezing conditions. The CKFs can randomly and uniformly distribute in the lamellar structure formed during the freezing process of CS and CKFs, playing a role similar to that of "steel bars" in concrete, thus providing longitudinal support for the 3D-architecture material. The 2D layers formed by CS and CKFs as the main basic units can provide the material with a higher strength. The 3D-architecture material can bear the compressive force of a weight underwater for multiple cycles, meeting the requirements for water purification. The underwater compression test shows that the 3D-architecture material can quickly rebound to its original shape after removing the stress. This 3D-architecture material can be used to purify dye-containing water. When its dosage is 3 g/L, the material can remove 99.65% of the Congo Red (CR) in a 50 mg/L dye solution. The adsorption performance of the 3D architecture adsorbent for CR removal in actual water samples (i.e., tap water, seawater) is superior than that of commercial activated carbon. Due to its porous block characteristics, this material can be used for the continuous and efficient treatment of wastewater containing trace amounts of CR dye to obtain pure clean water, meaning that it has great potential for the effective purification of dye wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Hanwen Ge
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
- SINOPEC Economic & Technical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Qingdong He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Wenyuan Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Fang Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang H, Chen C, Dai K, Xiang H, Kou J, Guo H, Ying H, Chen X, Wu J. Selective adsorption of anionic dyes by a macropore magnetic lignin-chitosan adsorbent. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131955. [PMID: 38692542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Dyes pollution is well known for their hazardous impacts on human health and the environment. The removal of dyes from wastewater has become an important issue. In this study, magnetic micrometer-sized particles AL-CTS@MNPs were synthesized from alkaline lignin (AL) and chitosan (CTS) by "one-pot method". The adsorbent presented higher selectivity adsorption effect on anionic dyes than amphoteric and cationic dyes, and even no adsorption effect on cationic methylene blue (MB), which showed that the anionic dyes could be better separated from the other two types of dyes. The adsorption isotherms of the dyes were highly consistent with the Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 329.50 mg/g for methyl orange (MO) and 20.00 mg/g for rhodamine B (RhB). AL-CTS@MNPs showed good adsorption of anionic dyes (MO) in the pH range of 3-9. Meanwhile, the adsorbent AL-CTS@MNPs were also characterized, showing rough surface with specific surface areas of 37.38 m2/g, pore diameter of 95.8 nm and porosity of 17.62 %. The particle sizes were ranged from 800 μm to 1300 μm. The electrostatic attraction and π-π* electron donor-acceptor interactions were the main forces between the adsorbent and anionic dyes. While the electrostatic repulsive force between the adsorbent and the cationic dyes resulted in the non-absorption of MB by AL-CTS@MNPs. Subsequently, the adsorbent maintained a removal rate of >95 % after five adsorption-desorption cycles, demonstrating its excellent stability and recoverability. Ultimately, the prepared AL-CTS@MNPs illuminated good prospect on complex components dyes wastewater treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Dai
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Houle Xiang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingwei Kou
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jinglan Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang J, Lou T, Wang X. One-step fabrication of millimeter-scale hollow vesicles with chitosan /DADMAC/ sodium alginate graft copolymer for enhanced anionic dye adsorption. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132153. [PMID: 38729494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Hollow vesicles are promising in water treatment due to their unique structure of the membrane and inner cavity. However, the adsorption capacity needs to be improved for targeted pollutants. Herein, millimeter-scale hollow vesicles were prepared with a one-step process of sequential stirring and grafting using chitosan, diallyldimethylammonium chloride, and sodium alginate as raw materials with the purpose of efficient removal of anionic dyes from wastewater. The composite vesicles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The hollow vesicles showed the structure of the cationic membrane and the inner cavity, facilitating the dye adsorption. The adsorption capacity for the anionic dye Reactive Black 5 reached 698.1 mg/g, more than twice that of the binary composite vesicles without graft. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm data coincided with the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models, respectively, and the adsorption mechanism was monolayer chemisorption. Moreover, the vesicles worked well in wide ranges of environment pH, temperature, and co-existing pollutants. They also possessed excellent cyclic regeneration performance, in which 93 % of the initial adsorption capacity was maintained after four cycles. These results indicate that the millimeter-scale hollow vesicles exhibit broad application prospects for wastewater purification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinshan Yang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Tao Lou
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xuejun Wang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Y, Wu X, Zhou Z, Feng J, Li M, Chen J, Yan W. Selective Adsorption Behavior of Sulfuric Acid Oxidized and Doped Conjugated Microporous Poly(aniline)s toward Lead Ions in an Aqueous Environment. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 38329721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The coexistence of lead, zinc, and copper ions in wastewater constitutes an environmental challenge of pressing concern. This research delves into the preparation of innovative oxidation-doped conjugated microporous poly(aniline) frameworks, exploring their prospective efficacy in regulating lead ion adsorption from aqueous solutions. H2SO4-CMPTA demonstrates the capability to reach adsorption equilibrium within 15 min at a lead concentration of 50 ppm. Even at a lead concentration of 20 ppm, it still efficaciously attenuates these levels to sub-10 ppb, a value surpassing extant standard. H2SO4-CMPTA retains over 78.8% adsorption efficiency after six cycles. Analytical characterization coupled with computational calculations suggests that sulfate-coordinated nitrogen cationic structure plays a crucial role in adsorption. A deeper investigation reveals the cardinal role of electrostatic attraction and exclusive chelation adsorption underpinning the efficient capture of lead ions by doped sulfate ions. Intriguingly, in a mixed heavy metal solution containing lead, zinc, and copper ions, H2SO4-CMPTA exhibits an initial predilection toward zinc ions, yet an eventual ion-exchange adsorption gravitating toward lead ions was discerned, governed by the latter's superior binding energy. Our study elucidates a promising material as an efficacious tool for the remediation of aquatic environments tainted with lead contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxi Wu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, "Four Joint Subjects One Union" School-Enterprise Joint Research Center for Power Battery Recycling & Circulation Utilization Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jiangtao Feng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Mingtao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ryu S, Park YK, Shim J, Lim S, Kim M. Highly Sustainable Dyes Adsorption in Wastewater Using Textile Filters Fabricated by UV Irradiation. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:15. [PMID: 38201680 PMCID: PMC10780358 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Vast amounts of dyeing wastewater released from the textile industry can not only cause water pollution but also have negative effects on the human body, such as skin irritation and respiratory diseases. Dye adsorption technology is necessary for the treatment of wastewater discharged from the dyeing industry and for environmental improvement. However, to remove dyeing wastewater, more energy and solvents are used to fabricate adsorbents, or excessive energy is used to filter dyeing wastewater out, resulting in more environmental pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method of filtering dyeing wastewater in a more environmentally friendly manner by minimizing the use of solvents and energy. In this study, we modified the surface of a textile substrate through UV irradiation to create a monomer capable of facilely bonding with dyes. Employing the UV photografting method, we were able to produce a dye adsorption filter in a more environmentally friendly manner, minimizing solvent usage and heat energy consumption required for absorbent synthesis. At a monomer concentration of 10%, the fabricated filter exhibited a dye removal efficiency of 97.34% after 24 h, all without the need for a pressure treatment or temperature increase. Moreover, it displayed an adsorption capacity of approximately 77.88 mg per 1 g of filter material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Ryu
- Advanced Textile R&D Department, Research Institute of Convergence Technology, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 143 Hanggaulro, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; (S.R.); (Y.K.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Young Ki Park
- Advanced Textile R&D Department, Research Institute of Convergence Technology, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 143 Hanggaulro, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; (S.R.); (Y.K.P.); (J.S.)
- Department of Fiber System Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin 16890, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyun Shim
- Advanced Textile R&D Department, Research Institute of Convergence Technology, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 143 Hanggaulro, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; (S.R.); (Y.K.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Seungju Lim
- Advanced Textile R&D Department, Research Institute of Convergence Technology, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 143 Hanggaulro, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; (S.R.); (Y.K.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Minsuk Kim
- Advanced Textile R&D Department, Research Institute of Convergence Technology, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 143 Hanggaulro, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; (S.R.); (Y.K.P.); (J.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhu Y, Ma L, Hai X, Yang Z, Li X, Chen M, Yuan M, Xiong H, Gao Y, Wang L, Shi F. Adsorption of methyl orange by porous membranes prepared from deep eutectic supramolecular polymer-modified chitosan. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116778. [PMID: 37517482 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of an adsorbent with excellent performance has been a focus of attention because of the toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of methyl orange (MO)-containing wastewater discharged from the textile, tannery and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, chitosan (CS) membranes were modified with a deep eutectic supramolecular polymer (DESP), and adsorbent membranes with porous structures were prepared with polyethylene glycol (PEG). Microstructural characterization of the CS-DESP-PEG composite membranes with FT-IR, XRD and SEM showed that the membranes had amorphous crystalline structures and that hydrogen bonding interactions weakened the crystallinity and formed loose porous structures. Optimization of the chitosan to β-cyclodextrin ratio, pH, PEG proportion, MO concentration and adsorbent dose significantly improved the adsorption efficiencies of the membranes. The adsorption behaviours of the membranes were fit with pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics and the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. Regeneration experiments showed that the membranes were reusable multiple times and maintained good adsorption capacities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China.
| | - Lei Ma
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Hai
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China
| | - Zhi Yang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China
| | - Xiaofen Li
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China
| | - Minghong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China
| | - Mingwei Yuan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China
| | - Huabin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China.
| | - Yuntao Gao
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China.
| | - Lina Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hassan AF, El-Naggar GA, Braish AG, Abd El-Latif MM, Shaltout WA, Elsayed MS. Fabrication of titania/calcium alginate nanocomposite matrix for efficient adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of malachite green. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:126075. [PMID: 37536406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to examine the two techniques' efficiency for the elimination of malachite green (MG) by photocatalytic degradation and adsorption onto synthesized solid nanomaterials. Three solid samples were prepared as calcium alginate (AG), nanotitania (NT), and nanotitania/calcium alginate composite (TG). The morphological and physicochemical characteristics of the solid nanomaterials were investigated by XRD, TGA, DRS, FTIR, pHPZC, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm, SEM, and TEM. The main experimental conditions were determined for sample dose, shaking time, pH, initial malachite green concentration, temperature, ionic strength, and UV lamp power. The resulting data proved that TG attained the higher adsorption capacity (252.52 mg/g) at 40 °C. The adsorption of MG was well fitted by Langmuir, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, pseudo-second order, intra-particle diffusion, and Elovich models onto all the prepared samples, confirming the endothermic, spontaneous, and favorable adsorption process. The maximum degradation percent (99.6 %) of MG was achieved by using 1.0 g/L as a catalyst dose, 10 mg/L of initial MG concentration, and 33 W for TG. The photodegradation of MG was well fitted by Eyring-Polanyi and Arrhenius models onto the surface of catalyst. The TG reusability resulted in a decrease in the degradation efficiency by 9.8 %, indicating its great capacity as the first nanotitania/calcium alginate nanocomposite used in removing MG from wastewater by two technologies in the same article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asaad F Hassan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Gehan A El-Naggar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Amany G Braish
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Mona M Abd El-Latif
- Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Walaa A Shaltout
- Survey of Natural Resources Department, Environmental Studies and Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Egypt.
| | - Maha S Elsayed
- Central Laboratory of Date Palm Research and Development, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Z, He YC, Liu Y. Efficient antibacterial and dye adsorption by novel fish scale silver biochar composite gel. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125804. [PMID: 37453636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
A silver-loaded carbon-chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol gel (C/CTS/PVA) was designed for suppressing microbial growth and dye adsorption. The antibacterial test results showed that C/CTS/PVA gel had a good antibacterial ability against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The inhibition rate in water was 100 %, and the antibacterial rate remained above 95 % within 35 days after preparation. The tight spatial structure provided by the adhesive effect of PVA and CTS effectively prevented water loss and enhanced the stability of the gel. The adsorption curves of the gel were fitted by establishing the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic models. The adsorption curves were more consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The best adsorption effect for Malachite green was 128.12 mg/g. C/CTS/PVA gel had a remarkable adsorption effect on Malachite green, Congo red, Methyl orange, and Methylene blue. In general, C/CTS/PVA gels have great potential for the treatment of sewage in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yu-Cai He
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Youyan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| |
Collapse
|